CN113281808A - Anti-dispersion seismic wave forward modeling method, system, device and medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an anti-dispersion seismic wave forward modeling method, a system, a device and a medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a speed field of an underground medium and a dominant frequency of forward wavelets, and setting a first projection relation according to the speed field of the underground medium and the dominant frequency of the forward wavelets; resampling in the depth direction according to the first projection relation to generate a second velocity field; according to the second velocity field, performing seismic wave field forward modeling through a wave field propagation equation; the method realizes longitudinal frequency dispersion suppression, can balance efficiency and data quality to carry out seismic wave forward modeling, realizes the balance of calculation cost, geological structure characteristics and better data quality, and can be widely applied to the technical field of seismic exploration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration, in particular to a forward modeling method, a system, a device and a storage medium for resisting frequency dispersion seismic waves.
Background
The forward evolution of seismic waves is the most basic application tool in the field of seismic exploration, and is an essential basic tool in links such as observation system analysis, seismic imaging algorithm development, seismic waveform inversion and the like. The most popular seismic wave forward modeling method at present is a high-order finite difference method, which solves a wave equation by using high-order finite difference to obtain a seismic wave field propagated in an underground medium. Solving the wave equation by the high-order finite difference method needs to balance the following problems: numerical dispersion problems and computational load problems. If the underground medium subdivision grid is large, strong numerical dispersion exists, and the quality of seismic wave forward data is influenced. The distance between the split grids is reduced, the numerical dispersion can be reduced, and meanwhile, the calculation amount is increased rapidly, and particularly when the speed of underground media is low, the seismic data with weak dispersion can be obtained by using small grids.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, to at least partially solve one of the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention is directed to an efficient, accurate and practical method for forward modeling of anti-dispersion seismic waves, and a system, an apparatus and a computer-readable storage medium for implementing the method.
In a first aspect, a technical solution of the present application provides an anti-dispersion seismic wave forward modeling method, which includes the steps of:
acquiring a velocity field of an underground medium and a dominant frequency of a forward wavelet, and setting a first projection relation according to the velocity field of the underground medium and the dominant frequency of the forward wavelet;
resampling in the depth direction according to the first projection relation to generate a second velocity field;
and performing seismic wave field forward modeling through a wave field propagation equation according to the second velocity field.
In a possible embodiment of the present disclosure, the step of obtaining a velocity field of the subsurface medium and a dominant frequency of the forward wavelet, and setting a first projection relationship according to the velocity field of the subsurface medium and the dominant frequency of the forward wavelet includes:
calculating to obtain seismic wave wavelength according to the main frequency of the forward wavelet and the medium velocity in the underground medium velocity field;
and associating the seismic wave length with a longitudinal space grid, and determining a first projection relation according to the association relation.
In a possible embodiment of the present disclosure, the depth direction resampling according to the first projection relation to generate the second velocity field includes:
sampling the seismic wave wavelength according to the first projection relation, and performing mesh-variable subdivision according to the sampling result to obtain a low-speed area mesh and a high-speed area mesh.
In a possible embodiment of the solution of the present application, the step of performing a forward modeling of a seismic wavefield by a wavefield propagation equation according to the second velocity field comprises:
determining a first derivative of the first projection relationship and a second derivative of the first projection relationship;
the wavefield propagation equation is:
wherein ,
in order to be the first projection relationship,
is the first derivative of the first projection relationship,
for the second derivative of the first projection relationship, u' (t, X) represents the wavefield at a variable grid coordinate system, X represents the (X, y, z) spatial coordinate, v represents the velocity of the subsurface medium, t represents the time of propagation, and γ is the transverse dispersion suppression coefficient.
In a possible embodiment of the solution of the present application, the lateral dispersion suppression factor is determined according to a sampling interval in a horizontal direction, and the lateral dispersion suppression factor is in a direct proportion to the sampling interval in the horizontal direction.
In a possible embodiment of the solution of the present application, when the direction of the variable grid propagation is along the depth propagation, the wavefield propagation equation is:
where u (t, X) is the wavefield propagating to the t and X points.
In a possible embodiment of the solution according to the invention, attenuation equations are introduced into the transverse spatial grid, by means of which the calculation and the numerical dispersion suppression are balanced.
In a second aspect, a technical solution of the present invention further provides an anti-dispersion seismic wave forward modeling system, which includes:
the parameter determining module is used for acquiring the underground medium velocity field and the main frequency of the forward wavelet, and setting a first projection relation according to the underground medium velocity field and the main frequency of the forward wavelet;
the resampling module is used for resampling in the depth direction according to the first projection relation and generating a second velocity field;
and the forward modeling module is used for performing seismic wave field forward modeling through a wave field propagation equation according to the second velocity field.
In a third aspect, a technical solution of the present invention further provides an anti-dispersion seismic wave forward modeling apparatus, including:
at least one processor;
at least one memory for storing at least one program;
when the at least one program is executed by the at least one processor, the at least one processor is caused to execute a method of anti-dispersion seismic wave forward modeling in accordance with the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention also provides a storage medium, in which a processor-executable program is stored, and the processor-executable program is used for executing the method in the first aspect when being executed by a processor.
Advantages and benefits of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention:
according to the technical scheme, a first projection relation is set through an underground medium velocity field and the main frequency of the forward wavelet, depth direction resampling is carried out according to the first projection relation, and seismic wave field forward simulation is carried out through a wave field propagation equation; the method introduces a wave equation of transverse anti-dispersion to reduce the numerical dispersion of transverse propagation of a wave field; and then introducing a variable grid propagation technology related to the speed in the longitudinal direction, converting grid change into equation coefficients, deducing a new equation, realizing longitudinal frequency dispersion suppression, obtaining a seismic wave forward modeling method with balanced efficiency and data quality, and realizing better balance of calculation cost, geological structure characteristics and data quality.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a forward modeling method for anti-dispersion seismic waves according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a two-dimensional three-layer acoustic medium wave field snapshot using a coarse grid of the wave field propagation equation (2) in an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a two-dimensional three-layer acoustic medium wave field snapshot using a fine grid of wave field propagation equation (2) in an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a coarse grid of wave field propagation equation (1) used in the example and
the two-dimensional three-layer acoustic medium wave field snapshot map;
FIG. 5 is a two-dimensional three-layer acoustic medium wave field snapshot with a coarse grid of wave field propagation equation (1) and γ equal to 0 in the example;
FIG. 6 is a two-dimensional three-layer acoustic medium wave field snapshot with a coarse grid of the wave field propagation equation (1) and transverse weak attenuation in the embodiment;
in the embodiment of fig. 7, a two-dimensional three-layer acoustic medium wave field snapshot with a coarse grid of a wave field propagation equation (1) and strong transverse attenuation is adopted.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The step numbers in the following embodiments are provided only for convenience of illustration, the order between the steps is not limited at all, and the execution order of each step in the embodiments can be adapted according to the understanding of those skilled in the art.
In a first aspect, as shown in fig. 1, the technical solution of the present application provides an embodiment of a forward modeling method for resisting dispersive seismic waves, where the method includes steps S100-S300:
s100, acquiring a velocity field of an underground medium and a dominant frequency of a forward wavelet, and setting a first projection relation according to the velocity field of the underground medium and the dominant frequency of the forward wavelet;
the first projection relation refers to the projection relation from the original grid coordinate to the variable grid coordinate in the embodiment; specifically, according to the characteristics that most underground structures are layered media and the speed is increased step by step, the variable grid propagation technology and the high-frequency attenuation equation technology are combined, and the seismic data used for the purposes of observation system design, algorithm inspection and the like are generated by high-efficiency wave field propagation. The embodiment firstly sets forward parameters which mainly comprise forward wavelet dominant frequency, then determines the velocity field of the underground medium, and sets the projection relation from the original grid coordinate to the grid coordinate according to the read velocity field and the forward wavelet dominant frequency, namely a first projection relation
Which is typically selected based on the medium velocity and the dominant frequency of the wave field.
S200, resampling in the depth direction according to the first projection relation to generate a second velocity field;
in particular, the velocity field is determined according to
And performing depth direction resampling in the form to generate a speed field under a new grid, namely a second speed field.
S300, performing seismic wave field forward modeling through a wave field propagation equation according to the second velocity field;
specifically, a wave equation of transverse anti-dispersion is introduced, and numerical dispersion of transverse propagation of a wave field is reduced; and then introducing a variable grid propagation technology related to the speed in the longitudinal direction, converting grid change into equation coefficients, deducing a new equation, realizing longitudinal frequency dispersion suppression, and obtaining the seismic wave forward modeling method with balanced efficiency and data quality.
In some possible embodiments, the step S100 of obtaining the velocity field of the subsurface medium and the dominant frequency of the forward wavelet and setting the first projection relationship according to the velocity field of the subsurface medium and the dominant frequency of the forward wavelet may be further subdivided into steps S110 to S120:
s110, calculating to obtain seismic wave wavelength according to the main frequency of the forward wavelet and the medium speed in the underground medium speed field;
and S120, associating the seismic wave length with the longitudinal space grid, and determining a first projection relation according to the association relation.
Specifically, the embodiment relates the seismic wavelength to the longitudinal mesh subdivision according to the property that the underground medium is mostly layered medium and the velocity is generally increased step by step, the seismic wavelength lambda is related to the frequency f of the seismic wave and the velocity v of the medium, and the calculation formula is that
I.e. the greater the velocity, the longer the wavelength, the lower the frequency, the longer the wavelength. Under the condition of the same simulation precision, the longer the wavelength is, the larger the subdivision grid can be. Meanwhile, in the embodiment, in order to reduce the complexity of processing and reduce the transverse dispersion, an attenuation equation is introduced in the transverse direction, and the balance of the calculated amount and the numerical dispersion suppression is achieved.
In some possible embodiments, the depth direction resampling is performed according to the first projection relationship, and the step S200 of generating the second velocity field includes the following steps: sampling the seismic wave wavelength according to the first projection relation, and performing mesh-variable subdivision according to the sampling result to obtain a low-speed area mesh and a high-speed area mesh.
Illustratively, the seismic dominant frequency wavelength is sampled n times by
And re-dividing the original grid so that the grid division meets the sampling condition of n times. The dynamic mesh subdivision method has the advantages that the low-speed area subdivision mesh is smaller, and the high-speed area subdivision mesh is larger. Embodiments also resample the wavefield at a variable grid, again with denser recordings in low-speed regions and sparse recordings in high-speed regions.
In some possible embodiments, the step S300 of performing a seismic wavefield forward modeling by a wavefield propagation equation based on the second velocity field includes determining a first derivative of the first projection relationship
Second derivative of the relation with the first projection
Since the spatial dispersion of the simulated wavefield increases rapidly as the spatial grid spacing increases, there is strong dispersion noise in the simulated wavefield, and the higher the dispersion noise frequency, the shorter the wavelength, and the more significant the wavelength. Furthermore, in the embodiment, considering that the underground medium is mainly composed of layered media and the speed is gradually increased, and seismic waves which are propagated within a certain range of included angles with the vertical direction in reflection geology are mainly applied wave fields, a new wave field propagation equation is formed by combining a depth-variable grid and a horizontal attenuation technology:
in the wave-field propagation equation, the wave field,
the first projection relationship, i.e. the projection relationship of the original grid coordinates to the varied grid coordinates, is usually chosen in dependence of the medium velocity and the dominant frequency of the wave field,
is the first derivative of the first projection relationship,
for the second derivative of the first projection relationship, u' (t, X) represents the wavefield at a variable grid coordinate system, X represents the (X, y, z) spatial coordinate, v represents the velocity of the subsurface medium, t represents the time of propagation, and γ is the transverse dispersion suppression coefficient. And carrying out high-order finite difference solution on the wave field propagation equation to realize the propagation of the seismic wave field. Wave field propagation equation
The variable grid propagation of the depth z propagation direction is realized as long as the embodiment selects the proper one
The form enables a plurality of samples to be realized in each seismic wavelet wavelength, the numerical dispersion in the depth direction can be well suppressed,
the method realizes the variable mesh subdivision of multi-media and propagation space, the subdivision of a low-speed area is denser, the subdivision of a high-speed area is sparser, and the self-adaption changes according to the change of seismic wavelength, thereby realizing multiple sampling in each seismic wavelet wavelength range and reducing the numerical dispersion of simulation.
In some possible embodiments, the lateral dispersion suppression factor is determined according to a sampling interval in the horizontal direction, and the lateral dispersion suppression factor is in a direct proportion to the sampling interval in the horizontal direction.
Specifically, an appropriate γ is set according to the sampling interval in the horizontal direction, and generally, if the sampling interval in the horizontal direction is larger, γ is also correspondingly larger so as to better suppress the horizontal dispersion, and conversely, the value is smaller. Because the rightmost end term of the equation is derived in the time direction, an attenuation effect is actually realized. The transverse interval is large, high frequency is easy to disperse, and gamma is properly increased at the moment, so that high-frequency energy in the horizontal direction can be attenuated, and the effect of suppressing horizontal dispersion is achieved. The introduction of gamma realizes the high-frequency wave field suppression in the horizontal direction, thereby controlling the frequency dispersion and achieving better wave field simulation.
In some possible embodiments, when γ is 0, and
when the direction of the varying-grid propagation is along the depth, the wavefield propagation equation is:
where X represents the (X, y, z) spatial coordinate, v represents the velocity of the subsurface medium, t represents the time of propagation, and u is the wavefield propagating to t and X. The most common solution of the wave field propagation equation is to solve by using finite difference, which requires careful subdivision in space and time directions to ensure the stability of the finite difference and obtain a seismic wave field with higher precision, which results in higher calculation amount. To ensure the calculation is stable, the sampling interval in the time direction must satisfy:
wherein ,vmaxIndicating the maximum speed. According to the condition limit of the sampling interval, obviously, the smaller the spatial grid is, the smaller the corresponding time step is, and the larger the required calculation amount is, so the size of the spatial grid is increased as much as possible to achieve the purpose of reducing the calculation amount.
2-7, the three-level model wavefield propagation snapshot of the present invention. Where the relevant forward grid parameters are listed in table 1.
TABLE 1
FIG. 2 is a snapshot of the wavefield propagated with the coarse grid of equation (2), as can be seenTo significant numerical dispersion; FIG. 3 is a snapshot of the wavefield propagated with the fine grid of equation (2), with the numerical dispersion being better suppressed; figure 4 is a snapshot of the wavefield propagated by the coarse grid of equation (3),
namely, the variable grids are not realized, the numerical dispersion is better suppressed, but the dominant frequency of the wave field is obviously reduced; fig. 5 is a snapshot of the wavefield propagated by the coarse grid of equation (1), where γ is 0, i.e., no horizontal direction numerical dispersion suppression is performed, and it can be seen that the horizontal direction numerical dispersion is still serious; fig. 6 and 7 are snapshots of the wavefield propagated by the coarse grid of equation (1), with γ being 0.1 and 0.3, respectively, and it can be seen that the horizontal direction numerical dispersion is better suppressed. As can be seen from fig. 2-7 and table 1, the method of the embodiment of the present application can achieve better spread suppression of the seismic wavefield propagation at lower computation cost.
In a second aspect, the present application provides an anti-dispersion seismic forward modeling system for the method in the first aspect, comprising:
the parameter determining module is used for acquiring the underground medium velocity field and the forward wavelet dominant frequency and setting a first projection relation according to the underground medium velocity field and the forward wavelet dominant frequency;
the resampling module is used for resampling in the depth direction according to the first projection relation and generating a second velocity field;
and the forward modeling module is used for performing seismic wave field forward modeling through a wave field propagation equation according to the second velocity field.
In a third aspect, the technical solution of the present application further provides an anti-dispersion seismic wave forward modeling apparatus, which includes at least one processor; at least one memory for storing at least one program; when the at least one program is executed by the at least one processor, the at least one processor is caused to execute a method of anti-dispersion seismic wave forward modeling as in the first aspect.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage medium storing a program, where the program is executed by a processor to implement the method in the first aspect.
From the above specific implementation process, it can be concluded that the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following advantages or advantages compared to the prior art:
according to the technical scheme, firstly, a wave equation of transverse anti-dispersion is introduced, and numerical dispersion of transverse propagation of a wave field is reduced; and then introducing a variable grid propagation technology related to the speed in the longitudinal direction, converting grid change into equation coefficients, deriving a new equation, realizing longitudinal frequency dispersion suppression, and obtaining the seismic wave forward modeling method with compromised efficiency and data quality. The new equation can be calculated on fewer grids, the algorithm is simple and efficient, and the practicability is high. The invention takes the calculation cost, the geological structure characteristics and the data quality into balanced consideration, achieves better balance, and provides a basic engine for the design of a seismic observation system, the algorithm inspection, the migration imaging, the speed inversion and the like, thereby reducing the time cost of the related calculation.
In alternative embodiments, the functions/acts noted in the block diagrams may occur out of the order noted in the operational illustrations. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality/acts involved. Furthermore, the embodiments presented and described in the flow charts of the present invention are provided by way of example in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the technology. The disclosed methods are not limited to the operations and logic flows presented herein. Alternative embodiments are contemplated in which the order of various operations is changed and in which sub-operations described as part of larger operations are performed independently.
Furthermore, although the present invention is described in the context of functional modules, it should be understood that, unless otherwise stated to the contrary, one or more of the functions and/or features may be integrated in a single physical device and/or software module, or one or more of the functions and/or features may be implemented in a separate physical device or software module. It will also be appreciated that a detailed discussion of the actual implementation of each module is not necessary for an understanding of the present invention. Rather, the actual implementation of the various functional modules in the apparatus disclosed herein will be understood within the ordinary skill of an engineer, given the nature, function, and internal relationship of the modules. Accordingly, those skilled in the art can, using ordinary skill, practice the invention as set forth in the claims without undue experimentation. It is also to be understood that the specific concepts disclosed are merely illustrative of and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and their full scope of equivalents.
The logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, e.g., an ordered listing of executable instructions that can be considered to implement logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An anti-dispersion seismic wave forward modeling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a velocity field of an underground medium and a dominant frequency of a forward wavelet, and setting a first projection relation according to the velocity field of the underground medium and the dominant frequency of the forward wavelet;
resampling in the depth direction according to the first projection relation to generate a second velocity field;
and performing seismic wave field forward modeling through a wave field propagation equation according to the second velocity field.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the velocity field of the subsurface medium and the dominant frequency of the forward wavelet and setting the first projection relationship according to the velocity field of the subsurface medium and the dominant frequency of the forward wavelet comprises:
calculating to obtain seismic wave wavelength according to the main frequency of the forward wavelet and the medium velocity in the underground medium velocity field;
and associating the seismic wave length with a longitudinal space grid, and determining a first projection relation according to the association relation.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the depth resampling step to generate the second velocity field according to the first projection relationship comprises:
sampling the seismic wave wavelength according to the first projection relation, and performing mesh-variable subdivision according to the sampling result to obtain a low-speed area mesh and a high-speed area mesh.
4. A method of anti-dispersion seismic wave forward modeling according to claim 3, wherein said step of performing seismic wave field forward modeling by wave field propagation equations based on said second velocity field comprises:
determining a first derivative of the first projection relationship and a second derivative of the first projection relationship;
the wavefield propagation equation is:
wherein ,
in order to be the first projection relationship,
is the first derivative of the first projection relationship,
for the second derivative of the first projection relationship, u' (t, X) represents the wavefield at a variable grid coordinate system, X represents the (X, y, z) spatial coordinate, v represents the velocity of the subsurface medium, t represents the time of propagation, and γ is the transverse dispersion suppression coefficient.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the transverse dispersion suppression coefficients are determined according to the sampling interval in the horizontal direction, and the transverse dispersion suppression coefficients are in direct proportion to the sampling interval in the horizontal direction.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein when the direction of the variable grid propagation is along the depth, the wavefield propagation equation is:
where u (t, X) is the wavefield propagating to the t and X points.
7. A method of forward modeling anti-dispersion seismic waves according to any of claims 1-6, further comprising the steps of:
and introducing an attenuation equation in the transverse space grid, and balancing calculation and numerical dispersion suppression through the attenuation equation.
8. An anti-dispersion seismic wave forward modeling system, comprising:
the parameter determining module is used for acquiring the underground medium velocity field and the main frequency of the forward wavelet, and setting a first projection relation according to the underground medium velocity field and the main frequency of the forward wavelet;
the resampling module is used for resampling in the depth direction according to the first projection relation and generating a second velocity field;
and the forward modeling module is used for performing seismic wave field forward modeling through a wave field propagation equation according to the second velocity field.
9. An anti-dispersion seismic wave forward modeling device is characterized by comprising:
at least one processor;
at least one memory for storing at least one program;
when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform a method of anti-dispersion seismic wave forward modeling according to any of claims 1-7.
10. A storage medium having stored therein a processor-executable program, the processor-executable program when executed by a processor being for executing a method of forward modeling of anti-dispersion seismic waves according to any of claims 1-7.
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