CN113273343A - Method for improving soil quality by returning straw to field - Google Patents
Method for improving soil quality by returning straw to field Download PDFInfo
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- CN113273343A CN113273343A CN202110418893.1A CN202110418893A CN113273343A CN 113273343 A CN113273343 A CN 113273343A CN 202110418893 A CN202110418893 A CN 202110418893A CN 113273343 A CN113273343 A CN 113273343A
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- field
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- stubble
- soil quality
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The method for improving soil quality by returning straws to the field provided by the disclosure comprises the following steps: harvesting the sorghum by adopting a harvester with stubble breaking capacity, and uniformly spraying the broken stubbles into the field; and when the water loss of the broken stubbles is not more than 10%, a field machine is adopted to break the stubbles of the harvested field and return the field, and slow release fertilizer is applied to the field while returning the field, wherein the specifications of the harvester and the field machine are determined according to the gradient of the field. Through comparison tests, the straw returning by adopting the method can effectively return the straw to the field for utilization, effectively improves the soil quality of the field, saves the consumption of the slow release fertilizer by more than 30 percent, does not need unnecessary operation on the straw, and reduces the labor intensity of operators.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of agricultural soil property improvement, in particular to a method for improving soil property by returning straws to a field.
Background
The straws of the harvested crops are generally recycled, for example, the straws are processed to be made into feed or fertilizer, and the stubbles of the crops are generally buried in the field to return the stubbles to the field. The stubble returning reduces the harvesting difficulty on one hand, and has the capability of improving soil quality after rotting in the field on the other hand.
Generally, the stubbles formed after the crops are harvested comprise stubbles and stubbles formed after straws are crushed, the stubbles are treated in a field returning mode, and the stubbles formed by the straws have the problems of high labor intensity and difficult subsequent treatment in the recovery process. Researches find that the stubble crushing and field returning formed by straws also have the capability of improving soil quality, but the prior art does not have an operation method for field returning of the straws. With the enhancement of environmental awareness of people, the practical method of returning straws to fields needs to be realized urgently so as to save the application of fertilizer materials and further enable crops to have more excellent quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The method for improving the soil quality by returning the straws to the field solves the technical problems that the soil quality cannot be improved by returning the straws to the field and the fertilizer consumption is increased greatly in the prior art.
Some embodiments adopted to solve the above technical problems include:
a method for improving soil quality by returning straws to fields comprises the following steps:
harvesting the sorghum by adopting a harvester with stubble breaking capacity, and uniformly spraying the broken stubbles into the field;
and when the water loss of the broken stubbles is not more than 10%, a field machine is adopted to break the stubbles of the harvested field and return the field, and slow release fertilizer is applied to the field while returning the field, wherein the specifications of the harvester and the field machine are determined according to the gradient of the field.
Through comparison tests, the straw returning by adopting the method can effectively return the straw to the field for utilization, effectively improves the soil quality of the field, saves the consumption of the slow release fertilizer by more than 30 percent, does not need unnecessary operation on the straw, and reduces the labor intensity of operators.
Preferably, determining the specifications of the harvester and the returning machine according to the gradient of the field piece comprises:
and determining the width of the field returning machine and the power source horsepower of the field returning machine according to the gradient of the field.
The width and the power source of returning the field machine are confirmed through field piece slope to this scheme, have improved stability and the broken stubble of returning the field machine in the working process and have returned the field efficiency.
Preferably, the determining the width of the returning machine and the power source horsepower of the returning machine according to the gradient of the field piece includes:
the field piece with the gradient less than 5 degrees, the width of the field returning machine is 1.8-2.2 meters, and the motive power of the field returning machine is 40-120 horsepower;
the field is characterized by comprising a field block with a gradient of 5-15 degrees, wherein the width of the field returning machine is 1.2-1.5 meters, and the motive power of the field returning machine is 40-80 horsepower;
and (3) returning the crushed stubbles to the field by using a field returning machine after the field with the gradient larger than 15 degrees is harvested by adopting a single-row agricultural straw crushing harvester.
The scheme reasonably matches the specifications of the corresponding field returning machine according to different crushing degrees, and improves the stubble crushing and field returning efficiency.
Preferably, the field is a field with a gradient of 5-15 degrees, and the field returning machine is a double-shaft reverse field returning machine.
The double-shaft reverse returning machine is adopted in the scheme, so that stubbles are distributed more uniformly in the field blocks, and the soil quality of the field blocks is effectively improved.
Preferably, the returning machine is a rotary cultivator.
The rotary cultivator is adopted in the scheme, the field returning machine is easy to maintain and has certain stubble smashing capability, stubbles can be effectively smashed, and the performance of the field returning machine is optimized.
Preferably, before returning the crushed stubbles to the field, the length of the crushed stubbles is not more than 5 cm.
The scheme limits the length of the broken stubbles, can enable the broken stubbles to rot in the field as soon as possible, improves the efficiency of returning the broken stubbles to the field, and is favorable for improving the soil quality.
Preferably, the coverage rate of the stubble covered field pieces after harvesting is not less than 50%.
The scheme ensures that the stubbles are uniformly distributed in the field and the soil quality of the field is uniform.
Preferably, the height of the stubble is not higher than 30 cm.
The scheme is favorable for realizing returning of the broken stubbles by limiting the height of the stubbles, and improves the efficiency of returning the broken stubbles to the field.
Preferably, the coverage of the covered field pieces of the harvested stubble clippings is not less than 80%.
The scheme ensures that the stubbles are uniformly distributed in the field, and effectively improves the soil quality of the field.
Preferably, when the coverage rate of the covered field blocks of the harvested stubble shreds is less than 80%, the coverage rate of the covered field blocks of the harvested stubble shreds is not less than 80% by manual stubble distributing mode.
The scheme ensures that the stubbles are uniformly distributed in the field, and effectively improves the soil quality of the field.
Compared with the prior art, the method for improving soil quality by returning straws to the field provided by the disclosure has the following advantages:
1. the stubble breaking and returning to the field saves the using amount of slow release fertilizer, and the crops have better quality.
2. The stubble breaking and returning to the field reduce the labor intensity of operators, and crops are easy to harvest.
3. The broken stubbles are returned to the field, so that the soil quality of the field is effectively improved.
Detailed Description
The specific embodiments illustrated below are intended as descriptions of various configurations of the disclosed subject technology and are not intended to represent the only configurations in which the disclosed subject technology may be practiced. Specific embodiments include specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of the presently disclosed subject matter technology. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the disclosed subject matter technology is not limited to the specific details shown herein and may be practiced without these specific details.
A method for improving soil quality by returning straws to fields comprises the following steps:
harvesting sorghum by adopting a harvester with stubble breaking capacity, uniformly spraying broken stubbles into a field, wherein the broken stubbles refer to solid materials formed by crushing farm crops;
and when the water loss of the broken stubbles is not more than 10%, a field machine is adopted to break the stubbles of the harvested field and return the field, and slow release fertilizer is applied to the field while returning the field, wherein the specifications of the harvester and the field machine are determined according to the gradient of the field.
For example, determining the specifications of the harvester and the returning machine according to the gradient of the field piece includes:
and determining the width of the field returning machine and the power source horsepower of the field returning machine according to the gradient of the field. Exemplary:
the field piece with the gradient less than 5 degrees, the width of the field returning machine is 1.8-2.2 meters, and the motive power of the field returning machine is 40-120 horsepower;
the field is characterized by comprising a field block with a gradient of 5-15 degrees, wherein the width of the field returning machine is 1.2-1.5 meters, the motive power of the field returning machine is 40-80 horsepower, and the field returning machine is a double-shaft reverse field returning machine;
and (3) returning the crushed stubbles to the field by using a field returning machine after the field with the gradient larger than 15 degrees is harvested by adopting a single-row agricultural straw crushing harvester. In hilly lands with the gradient of more than 15 degrees, a walking harvester can be adopted for harvesting crops, so that the safety of the machine in the use process is improved.
The returning machine is a rotary cultivator.
Research finds that the length of the stubbles and the uniformity of the stubbles distributed in the field have certain influence on the uniformity of the soil quality of the field, so that: before the stubble is returned to the field, the length of the stubble is not more than 5 cm.
The coverage rate of the harvested stubble covered field is not less than 50%. The height of the stubbles is not higher than 30 cm.
The coverage rate of the field covered by the harvested stubble is not less than 80%. When the coverage rate of the covered field blocks of the harvested stubble smashing is less than 80%, the coverage rate of the covered field blocks of the harvested stubble smashing is not less than 80% through a manual stubble distributing mode.
The root stubble in the present disclosure refers to straw left in the soil of the field and extending out of a part of the soil after the crops are harvested.
The following factors are also generally considered in the straw returning process, for example:
stubble smashing depth: the depth in the soil after the stubble is returned to the field, namely the plowing depth of the field returning machine;
crushing rate of stubbles: in the process of returning the stubbles to the field, the field returning machine crushes the stubbles;
the soil breaking rate and the soil breaking condition of the field returning machine in the cultivation process.
The indexes of stubble breaking depth, stubble smashing rate and soil breaking rate have certain requirements on the performance of the returning machine, and the returning machine is generally a general machine, so the indexes of the ordinary returning machine are referred to the requirements on the stubble breaking depth, the stubble smashing rate and the soil breaking rate, and the cost of returning broken stubbles to the field is reduced.
The foregoing detailed description of the implementation method will make the technical advantages of the present disclosure apparent from the following experiments, which are, however, merely exemplary and not intended to limit the technical solutions of the present disclosure.
Experiment one
To successfully complete the experiment, the following criteria are required: the stubble breaking depth is 15 cm, the stubble breaking rate is 85%, the stubble coverage rate is 50%, the soil breaking rate is 90%, the qualified rate of the broken length is 95%, the stubble remaining height is 20 cm, the stubble throwing unevenness is 10%, the stubble missing rate is 5%, and the coverage rate of the broken straws is 80%.
In dam area, the gradient is less than 50And (3) performing a mechanical straw returning and fertilizer application reducing test, and harvesting the crops by using a mechanical harvester in the whole process.
Experiment A, after the sorghum for wine is harvested, the sorghum is selected to be matched with a 1.8-meter wide straw returning and reversing stubble cleaner, and is matched with 80 horsepower power, rotary tillage and 90 percent of slow release fertilizer conventional fertilization.
Experiment B, after the sorghum for wine is harvested, the sorghum is selected to be matched with a 1.8-meter wide straw returning double-shaft stubble-cleaning rotary cultivator, and the matching power is 80 horsepower and the conventional fertilizer application is 90 percent. .
(II) gentle slope region, slope 50—150Mechanical straw returning and fertilizer application reducing tests are carried out, and the crop is mechanically harvested in a whole process.
Experiment A, after the sorghum for wine is harvested, the sorghum is selected to be matched with a 1.2-meter wide straw returning and reversing stubble cleaner, and is matched with power of 40 horsepower, rotary tillage and slow release fertilizer conventional fertilization of 90 percent.
Experiment B, after the sorghum for wine is harvested, the sorghum is selected to be matched with a 1.2-meter wide straw returning double-shaft stubble-cleaning rotary cultivator, the power is matched with 40 horsepower), and the conventional fertilizer application is 90 percent.
③ hilly areas, slope > 150And (3) returning mechanical straws to the field and reducing fertilizer application, and carrying out rotary tillage and soil turning after manual harvesting.
Experiment A, the walking single-row straw smashing agricultural sorghum harvester plus rotary tillage plus slow release fertilizer conventional fertilization is 90%.
Experiment B, manual harvesting, a hand-held single-row straw returning machine, rotary tillage and conventional slow-release fertilizer application by 90 percent.
Through research, the experiment can still effectively ensure the soil quality of the field on the premise of reducing the dosage of the slow release fertilizer, and the growth condition of the crops on the field is not different from the traditional fertilizing amount.
Experiment two
To successfully complete the experiment, the following criteria are required: the stubble breaking depth is 12 cm, the stubble breaking rate is 80%, the stubble covering rate is 60%, the soil breaking rate is 80%, the qualified rate of the broken length is 90%, the stubble remaining height is 15 cm, the stubble throwing unevenness is 8%, the stubble missing rate is 3%, and the coverage rate of the broken straws is 90%.
Experiment A, B was compared with a whole-procedure mechanical harvester for harvesting and returning to the field, and experiment C was compared with manual harvesting and then rotary tillage and soil turning.
Experiment A dam area with gradient less than 50After harvesting, the straw chopper is matched with a 2.2-meter wide straw returning machine, and is matched with power of 120 horsepower and slow release fertilizer for conventional fertilization of 70 percent.
Experiment B dam area, slope < 50After harvesting, the straw chopper is matched with a 2.2-meter wide straw returning machine, and is matched with power of 120 horsepower and slow release fertilizer for conventional fertilization of 50 percent.
Experiment C in gentle slope area, slope 50—150After harvesting, the straw chopper is matched with a 1.5-meter wide straw returning machine, and is matched with power of 80 horsepower and slow release fertilizer for conventional fertilization of 70 percent.
Experiment D in gentle slope area, slope 50—150After harvesting, the corn is matched with 1.5 meters wideThe straw returning machine and the matched power are 80 horsepower and the conventional fertilizer application of the slow release fertilizer is 50 percent.
Experiment E, slope > 15 in hilly area0The walking single-row agricultural straw crushing harvester, rotary tillage and conventional fertilizer application by slow release are 70 percent.
Experiment F, slope > 15 in hilly area0A walking single-row agricultural straw crushing harvester, rotary tillage and conventional fertilizer application by 50 percent.
Through research, the experiment can still effectively ensure the soil quality of the field on the premise of reducing the dosage of the slow release fertilizer, and the growth condition of the crops on the field is not different from the traditional fertilizing amount.
Experiment three
To successfully complete the experiment, the following criteria are required: the stubble breaking depth is 13 cm, the stubble breaking rate is 85%, the stubble coverage rate is 65%, the soil breaking rate is 85%, the qualified rate of the broken length is 85%, the stubble remaining height is 10 cm, the stubble throwing unevenness is 6%, the stubble missing rate is 7%, and the coverage rate of the broken straws is 95%.
Experiment A, B was compared with a whole-procedure mechanical harvester for harvesting and returning to the field, and experiment C was compared with manual harvesting and then rotary tillage and soil turning.
Experiment A dam area with gradient less than 50After harvesting, a 2.0-meter wide straw returning machine is matched, and the power of 80 horsepower and the conventional fertilizer application of slow release fertilizer are matched for 50 percent.
Experiment B dam area, slope < 50After harvesting, a 2.0-meter wide straw returning machine is matched, the matched power is 100 horsepower) + the conventional fertilization of the slow release fertilizer is 30 percent.
Experiment C in gentle slope area, slope 50—150After harvesting, the straw chopper is matched with a 1.3-meter wide straw returning machine, and is matched with power of 70 horsepower and slow release fertilizer for conventional fertilization of 50 percent.
Experiment D in gentle slope area, slope 50—150After harvesting, the machine is matched with a 1.3-meter wide straw returning machine, and is matched with power of 60 horsepower and conventional fertilizer application of slow release fertilizer of 30 percent.
Experiment E, walking single-row agricultural straw smashing harvester + rotary tillage + conventional fertilizer application of slow release fertilizer in hilly areas is 50%.
Experiment F, the walking single-row agricultural straw smashing harvester + rotary tillage + conventional slow-release fertilizer application in hilly areas is 30%.
Through research, the experiment can still effectively ensure the soil quality of the field on the premise of reducing the dosage of the slow release fertilizer, and the growth condition of the crops on the field is not different from the traditional fertilizing amount.
While the subject matter of the present disclosure and its corresponding details have been described above, it is to be understood that the above description is only illustrative of some embodiments of the subject matter of the present disclosure and that some of the details may be omitted from the detailed description.
In addition, in some of the embodiments disclosed above, there is a possibility that a plurality of embodiments may be combined and implemented, and various combinations are not listed at length. The implementation embodiments can be freely combined according to the requirements when the technical personnel in the field carry out the implementation so as to obtain better application experience.
Claims (9)
1. A method for improving soil quality by returning straws to fields is characterized by comprising the following steps:
harvesting the sorghum by adopting a harvester with stubble breaking capacity, and uniformly spraying the broken stubbles into the field;
and when the water loss of the broken stubbles is not more than 10%, a field machine is adopted to break the stubbles of the harvested field and return the field, and slow release fertilizer is applied to the field while returning the field, wherein the specifications of the harvester and the field machine are determined according to the gradient of the field.
2. The method for improving soil quality by returning straw to field as claimed in claim 1, wherein: determining specifications of the harvester and the field returning machine according to the gradient of the field comprises:
and determining the width of the field returning machine and the power source horsepower of the field returning machine according to the gradient of the field.
3. The method for improving soil quality by returning straw to field as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the determining the width of the field returning machine and the power source horsepower of the field returning machine according to the gradient of the field comprises the following steps:
the field piece with the gradient less than 5 degrees, the width of the field returning machine is 1.8-2.2 meters, wherein the motive power of the field returning machine is 40-120 horsepower;
the field is characterized by comprising a field block with a gradient of 5-15 degrees, wherein the width of the field returning machine is 1.2-1.5 meters, and the motive power of the field returning machine is 40-80 horsepower;
and (3) returning the crushed stubbles to the field by using a field returning machine after the field with the gradient larger than 15 degrees is harvested by adopting a single-row agricultural straw crushing harvester.
4. The method for improving soil quality by returning straw to field as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the returning machine is a rotary cultivator.
5. The method for improving soil quality by returning straw to field as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: before the stubble is returned to the field, the length of the stubble is not more than 5 cm.
6. The method for improving soil quality by returning straw to field as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the coverage rate of the harvested stubble covered field is not less than 50%.
7. The method for improving soil quality by returning straw to field as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the height of the stubbles is not higher than 30 cm.
8. The method for improving soil quality by returning straw to field as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the coverage rate of the field covered by the harvested stubble is not less than 80%.
9. The method for improving soil quality by returning straw to field as claimed in claim 8, wherein: when the coverage rate of the field covered by the harvested stubble smashing is less than 80%, the coverage rate of the field covered by the harvested stubble smashing is not less than 80% through a manual stubble distributing mode.
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| CN202110418893.1A CN113273343A (en) | 2021-04-19 | 2021-04-19 | Method for improving soil quality by returning straw to field |
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