CN113271720B - Printing machine and printing method - Google Patents
Printing machine and printing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113271720B CN113271720B CN202010095699.XA CN202010095699A CN113271720B CN 113271720 B CN113271720 B CN 113271720B CN 202010095699 A CN202010095699 A CN 202010095699A CN 113271720 B CN113271720 B CN 113271720B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
- H05K3/12—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using thick film techniques, e.g. printing techniques to apply the conductive material or similar techniques for applying conductive paste or ink patterns
- H05K3/1275—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using thick film techniques, e.g. printing techniques to apply the conductive material or similar techniques for applying conductive paste or ink patterns by other printing techniques, e.g. letterpress printing, intaglio printing, lithographic printing, offset printing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention providesA printing machine and a printing method are provided, which relate to the technical field of printing. The present invention provides a printing press comprising: a coating roll and a printing platform; wherein the axial length W of the coating roller Coating roller Is less than the width W of the printing substrate on the printing platform Base material And length H Base material And the circumference H of the coating roll Coating roll Is less than the width W of the printing substrate on the printing platform Base material And length H Base material (ii) a The coating roller can rotate, rotate in the direction vertical to the printing substrate and roll along the circumferential direction of the coating roller to perform coating. The technical scheme of the invention can improve the efficiency of the desktop-level electronic additive manufacturing equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of printing, in particular to a printing machine and a printing method.
Background
The liquid metal electronic additive manufacturing technology directly and quickly manufactures flexible stretchable electronic circuits and terminal functional devices through liquid metal electronic ink, completely innovating the manufacturing concept of the traditional electronic engineering, and the circuit printing mode obtained by the technology provides a revolutionary way for developing the popular electronic manufacturing technology and remodeling the traditional electronic and integrated circuit manufacturing rules, and is quick, green, economical and low in cost.
Desktop-level liquid metal electronic additive manufacturing equipment which exists in the prior art comprises a desktop-level electronic circuit printer, can quickly generate high-performance products of functional circuits and flexible circuits, and can be applied to various fields such as art design, electronic equipment maintenance, product development and testing, circuit verification and the like. However, the inventor finds that the efficiency of manufacturing the electronic circuit by using the existing desktop-level electronic circuit printer is low, and the requirement of the electronic circuit for higher efficiency cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a printing machine and a printing method, which can improve the efficiency of desktop-level electronic additive manufacturing equipment.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a printing machine, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the printing machine includes: a coating roll and a printing platform; wherein the axial length W of the coating roller Coating roller Is smaller than the width of the printing substrate on the printing platformDegree W Base material And length H Base material And the circumference H of the coating roll Coating roller Is less than the width W of the printing substrate on the printing platform Base material And length H Base material (ii) a The coating roller can rotate, rotate in the direction vertical to the printing substrate and roll along the circumferential direction of the printing substrate to coat; the printing substrate has a pattern thereon to which printing ink is selectively adhered.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a printing method, which is suitable for the above printing machine, and adopts the following technical scheme:
the printing method comprises the following steps:
step S1, positioning the coating roller at a first printing start end of the printing substrate, and making the coating direction of the coating roller consistent with a first direction, wherein the first direction is a length direction or a width direction of the printing substrate;
step S2, the coating roller is coated from the first printing start end to the other end of the printing substrate along the first direction;
step S3, translating the coating roller along a second direction D1, wherein the second direction is a direction perpendicular to the first direction, and D1 is not less than W Coating roller ；
Step S4, coating the coating roller to the other end of the printing substrate from the current position of the coating roller along the first direction;
and step S5, repeating the steps S3 to S4 until the whole printing substrate is coated.
Further, the printing method further includes: the following steps between step S3 and step S4:
step S3', spinning the coating roller according to a coating strategy, and/or rotating in a direction perpendicular to the printing substrate to improve the uniformity of the ink amount of the printing pattern on the printing substrate.
Further, the coating roller is rotated according to a coating strategy, and the coating roller is rotated by 0 ° or 180 ° in a direction perpendicular to the printing substrate.
Further, the coating strategy comprises:
discretizing the printed substrate into R Base material Line, C Base material A column;
dispersing the peripheral surface of the coating roll into R Coating roll Line, C Coating roller Columns;
defining the ink amount of the printed pattern on the printed substrate after the t-th coating as P t The state of the ink amount on the coating roller after the t-th coating is Q t The coating roller is coated from one end of the printing substrate to the other end of the printing substrate in one coating step;
determining a distribution ratio function, G (P) t (i，j)，Q t (k，l))＝[P t+1 (i，j)，Q t+1 (k，l)](ii) a Wherein the distribution ratio function represents the result of ink amount redistribution after the ith row, the jth column and the kth row of the coating roller and the lth column of the printing substrate are contacted, wherein i is 0,1,2, …, R Base material -1，j＝0,1,…,C Base material -1，k＝0,1,…,R Coating roller -1，l＝0,1,…,C Coating roller -1；P t+1 (i，j)＝αP t (i，j)+βQ t (k，l)；Q t+1 (k，l)＝(1-α)P t (i，j)+(1-β)Q t (k, l), α and β are the same as P t (i, j) and Q t (k, l) corresponding constants;
determining a state jump function F (P) t ，Q t ，A，k 0 )＝[P t+1 ，Q t+1 ]Wherein A is 0 DEG and 180 DEG, k 0 Take 0,1,2 … R Coating roll -1; determining the rotation angle of the coating roller by 0 degrees or 180 degrees along the direction vertical to the printing substrate through the value A; according to k 0 Determining the contact line between the coating roller and the printing substrate before the t +1 th coating, wherein the actual rotation angle of the coating roller is (k) 0 -k t )360°/R Coating roller Wherein k is t The contact line of the coating roller and the printing substrate after the t-th coating;
according to
Determining optimal A and k 0 。
Further, α and β are determined by experiments, and data tables are formed, and α and β are obtained by referring to the data tables when the step S3' is performed.
Optionally, the printing method further comprises the following steps after step S5:
and step S6, judging whether the relative standard deviation of the ink quantity of the printing pattern on the printing substrate reaches below a preset value, if so, finishing coating.
Further, the relative standard deviation of the ink amount of the printed pattern on the printed substrate is higher than the preset value, the printing method further comprises the following steps after step S6:
step S7, the coating roller is positioned at the second printing starting end of the printing substrate, and the coating direction of the coating roller is consistent with the second direction;
step S8, the coating roller is coated from the second printing start end to the other end of the printing substrate along the second direction;
step S9, translating the coating roller along the first direction D2, wherein D2 is not more than W Coating roller ；
Step S10, coating the coating roller to the other end of the printing substrate from the current position along the second direction;
and step S11, repeating the steps S9 to S10 until the whole printing substrate is coated.
Optionally, the printing method further comprises the following steps after step S11: step S12, determining whether the relative standard deviation of the ink amount of the printed pattern on the printed substrate is less than a preset value, if so, ending the coating, otherwise, returning to step S1.
Optionally, the printing method further comprises: the following steps between step S9 and step S10: step S9', spinning the coating roller according to a coating strategy, and/or rotating in a direction perpendicular to the printing substrate to improve the uniformity of the ink amount of the printing pattern on the printing substrate.
The invention provides a printing machine and a printing method, wherein the printing machine comprises a coating roller and a printing platform; wherein the axial length W of the coating roller Coating roller And the circumference H Coating roller Are all smaller than the sealWidth W of printed substrate on brush platform Base material And length H Base material And the coating roller can rotate, rotate along the direction vertical to the printing substrate and roll along the circumferential direction to coat, and the printing substrate is provided with a pattern for selectively adhering printing ink. When the printer is used for manufacturing an electronic circuit, the coating roller is firstly positioned at the first printing starting end of the printing substrate, the coating direction of the coating roller is consistent with the first direction, then the coating roller is coated to the other end of the printing substrate from the first printing starting end of the printing substrate along the first direction, then the coating roller is translated along the second direction D1, then the coating roller is coated to the other end of the printing substrate from the current position of the coating roller along the first direction, the translation and coating processes are repeatedly executed until the whole printing substrate is coated, and compared with the existing desktop-level electronic circuit printer, the efficiency of the printer is obviously improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a printing press provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a first flowchart of a printing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a first schematic diagram of a coating process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a first schematic diagram illustrating a motion trajectory of a coating roller according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a second flowchart of a printing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a printed substrate after singulation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a discrete applicator roll provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a first schematic view of a contact manner between an applicator roll and a printing substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a second schematic view of the contact between the coating roller and the printing substrate according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a third schematic view of the contact between the coating roller and the printing substrate according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a fourth schematic view of the contact between the coating roller and the printing substrate according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a third flowchart of a printing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a second schematic diagram of a coating process provided in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 14 is a second schematic diagram of a motion trajectory of the coating roller according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a fifth schematic view of the contact between the coating roller and the printing substrate according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a sixth schematic view of the contact between the coating roller and the printing substrate according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 17 is a schematic diagram seven of a contact manner between the coating roller and the printing substrate according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 18 is a schematic view eight illustrating a contact manner between the coating roller and the printing substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the technical features in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a printing press, and specifically, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a view for implementing the present inventionA block diagram of a printing press is provided, the printing press comprising: a coating roller 1 and a printing platform 2; wherein the axial length W of the coating roll 1 Coating roller Less than the width W of the printing substrate 3 on the printing platform 2 Base material And length H Base material And the circumference H of the applicator roll 1 Coating roller Less than the width W of the printing substrate 3 on the printing platform 2 Substrate material And length H Base material (ii) a The coating roller 1 can rotate, rotate in the direction vertical to the printing substrate 2 and roll along the circumferential direction to coat; the printing substrate 2 has a pattern on which printing ink is selectively adhered.
When the printer is used for manufacturing an electronic circuit, the coating roller is firstly positioned at the first printing starting end of the printing substrate, the coating direction of the coating roller is consistent with the first direction, then the coating roller is coated to the other end of the printing substrate from the first printing starting end of the printing substrate along the first direction, then the coating roller is translated along the second direction D1, then the coating roller is coated to the other end of the printing substrate from the current position of the coating roller along the first direction, the translation and coating processes are repeatedly executed until the whole printing substrate is coated, and compared with the existing desktop-level electronic circuit printer, the efficiency of the printer is obviously improved.
The implementation manner of the pattern on the printing substrate 2 for selectively adhering the printing ink can be various, and those skilled in the art can select the pattern according to the actual needs. For example, a target pattern is formed by using a material to which the printing ink adheres on a substrate to which the printing ink does not adhere, or a pattern complementary to the target pattern is formed by using a material to which the printing ink does not adhere on a substrate to which the printing ink adheres, or a coating layer to which the printing ink does not adhere is formed first on a substrate with an adhesion effect between adhesion and non-adhesion, and then the target pattern is formed by using a material to which the printing ink adheres, or a coating layer to which the printing ink adheres is formed first on a substrate with an adhesion effect between adhesion and non-adhesion, and then a pattern complementary to the target pattern is formed by using a material to which the printing ink does not adhere.
The printing ink in the embodiment of the present invention may be various inks that can be used for printing, and in particular, various electronic inks, such as conductive silver paste, conductive copper paste, conductive aluminum paste, conductive carbon paste, liquid metal electronic ink, and the like. The liquid metal electronic ink can be a simple metal and/or alloy with a melting point below 300 ℃, is called liquid metal, and can also be a fluid or paste substance with the simple metal and/or alloy with the melting point below 300 ℃ as a main component. Optionally, the liquid metal electronic ink in the embodiment of the present invention includes a liquid metal having a melting point lower than room temperature, and conductive metal particles having a high melting point, such as micro-nano silver powder, copper powder, silver-coated copper powder, and the like, where the conductive metal particles can simultaneously improve the conductivity and viscosity of the liquid metal electronic ink, and the liquid metal electronic ink is in a paste shape. In addition, other metal/nonmetal particles can be added to improve or enhance the corresponding functional properties of the liquid metal electronic ink, such as gold powder and nickel powder, which can enhance the oxidation resistance of the liquid metal electronic ink, and non-conductive fillers such as pigments, which can be used to improve the viscosity of the liquid metal electronic ink.
Optionally, the liquid metal with a melting point lower than room temperature includes a gallium simple substance, and gallium-based alloys such as gallium-indium alloy, gallium-indium-tin alloy, gallium-indium-tin-zinc alloy, and the like.
It should be noted that the printing machine in the embodiment of the present invention may further include an inking structure, an ink uniformizing structure, a driving mechanism, a moving mechanism, and the like, wherein the inking structure is used for supplying printing ink onto the coating roller, the ink uniformizing structure is used for uniformly distributing the printing ink on the coating roller, the driving mechanism is used for driving the coating roller to rotate, roll, lift, and the like in a direction perpendicular to the printing substrate, and the moving mechanism is used for realizing multi-directional movement, such as three-dimensional movement, of the printing platform.
In addition, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a printing method, which is suitable for the above-mentioned printing machine, and specifically, as shown in fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, fig. 2 is a first flowchart of the printing method provided in the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 3 is a first schematic diagram of a coating process provided in the embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 4 is a first schematic diagram of a motion trajectory of a coating roller provided in the embodiment of the present invention, where the printing method includes:
step S1 is to position the application roller at the first printing start end of the printing substrate and to align the application direction with a first direction, which is the longitudinal direction or the width direction of the printing substrate.
The first printing starting end of the printing substrate can be any position of the printing substrate, and preferably any angular position of the printing substrate, so that the printing process is simplified, and the printing efficiency is improved.
Preferably, the first direction is a direction corresponding to one of the length and the width of the printing substrate having a larger size, that is, when the length of the printing substrate is larger than the width, the first direction is the length direction of the printing substrate, and when the width of the printing substrate is larger than the length, the first direction is the width direction of the printing substrate. Fig. 3 illustrates an example in which the first direction is the longitudinal direction of the printing substrate.
Step S2, the coating roller is coated from the first printing start end to the other end of the printing substrate along the first direction.
The contact pressure between the coating roll and the printing substrate, the coating speed of the coating roll, and the like can be set according to actual needs. In the example shown in fig. 4, the first printing start end is the bottom of the printing substrate.
Step S3, translating the coating roller along a second direction D1, wherein the second direction is a direction perpendicular to the first direction, and D1 is not less than W Coating roll 。
That is, when the first direction is the longitudinal direction of the printing substrate, the second direction is the width direction of the printing substrate, and when the first direction is the width direction of the printing substrate, the second direction is the longitudinal direction of the printing substrate. D1 may be related to W Coating roller Equal to or less than W Coating roll Wherein, considering that the printing ink may move to the edge of the coating roller by being squeezed during the coating process of the coating roller, and the ink amount at the edge of the coating roller is inconsistent with the ink amount at the middle part, D1 is preferably smaller than W in the embodiment of the invention Coating roller I.e. the subsequent coating station partially overlaps the previous coating station to further enhance the print on the printing substrateUniformity of ink amount of the brush pattern. The specific value of D1 is determined by considering the printing efficiency and the uniformity of the ink amount of the printing pattern, optionally D1 is 1/4W Coating roller ，1/2W Coating roller Or 3/4W Coating roller 。
Step S4, the coating roller is coated to the other end of the printing substrate from its current position along the first direction.
The contact pressure between the coating roll and the printing substrate, the coating speed of the coating roll, and the like can be set according to actual needs.
And step S5, repeating the steps S3 to S4 until the whole printing substrate is coated.
It will be appreciated that if the dimension of the substrate in the second direction and W are printed Coating roller Not very different, e.g. D1+ W Coating roller If the size of the printing substrate in the second direction is greater than or equal to the size of the printing substrate in the second direction, the whole printing substrate is coated after the step S4 is completed, and the step S5 is not required to be performed.
In addition, if the step S3 needs to be executed multiple times in the whole coating process, D1 in each execution process can be the same or different, as long as D1 is not more than W Coating roll And (4) finishing. Illustratively, D1 was the same for each run except the last run, which was determined to satisfy the condition that the edge of the applicator roll was aligned with the edge of the print substrate D1.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 5, fig. 5 is a second flowchart of the printing method according to the embodiment of the present invention, and the printing method according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes: the following steps between step S3 and step S4: step S3', the coating roller is spun according to a coating strategy, and/or rotated in a direction perpendicular to the printing substrate to improve the uniformity of the ink volume of the printed pattern on the printing substrate. When the printing ink is electronic ink, the printing pattern is an electronic circuit, wherein the uniformity of the ink amount is better, so that the resistance of each position of the electronic circuit is more consistent, and the electrical performance of the electronic circuit is better.
Spinning the coating roll according to a coating strategy, and/or rotating in a direction perpendicular to the printing substrate, includes three cases: first, the coating roll is made to rotate according to a coating strategy; secondly, rotating the coating roller along the direction vertical to the printing substrate according to a coating strategy; thirdly, the coating roller is rotated in the direction perpendicular to the printing substrate according to the coating strategy, and at this time, the sequence of the rotation of the coating roller and the rotation of the coating roller in the direction perpendicular to the printing substrate is not limited.
Further, the coating roll is rotated according to a coating strategy and rotated by 0 ° or 180 ° in a direction perpendicular to the printing substrate. The self-rotation angle of the coating roller can be any angle between 0-360 degrees, and the traversing effect can be achieved by combining the rotation of the coating roller along the direction vertical to the printing substrate by 0-degree or 180-degree.
The specific content of the coating strategy can be varied as long as it is possible to achieve an improvement in the uniformity of the ink amount of the printed pattern on the printed substrate.
Illustratively, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a printing substrate provided by an embodiment of the present invention after being discretized, fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a coating roller provided by an embodiment of the present invention after being discretized, and a coating strategy in an embodiment of the present invention includes:
(1) discretizing a printing substrate into R Base material Line, C Base material And (4) columns.
Assuming the discrete precision is d mm/grid, the width of the printing substrate is W Base material ×H Base material (mm), then the printed substrate is laterally discretized into C Base material ＝W Base material D (grid), longitudinally discretized into R Base material ＝H Base material And d (grid). The discrete accuracy d should be determined by comprehensively considering the calculation accuracy, the calculation efficiency, and the like.
(2) Dispersing the peripheral surface of the coating roller into R Coating roll Line, C Coating roller And (4) columns.
Assuming a dispersion accuracy of d mm/grid, the radius of the coating roll is r Coating roller (mm), the axial length of the applicator roll is W Coating roller (mm), circumference H of the coating roll Coating roller ＝2πr Coating roller (mm) cylinder side breadth is W Coating roller ×H Coating roller (mm), the coating roll is then transversely discretized into C Coating roll ＝W Coating roller D (grid), longitudinally discretized into R Coating roll ＝H Coating roller And d (grid).
(3) Defining the state of the ink quantity of the printing pattern on the printing substrate after the t-th coating as P t The state of the ink amount on the coating roller after the t-th coating is Q t The coating roll is coated from one end of the printing substrate to the other end in one coating.
Wherein, P t (i, j) represents the ink amount of the ith row and jth column on the printing substrate, wherein i is 0,1, …, R Base material -1，j＝0,1,…,C Base material -1。Q t (k, l) represents the amount of ink on the k-th line and l-th column of the coating roll, where k is 0,1, …, R Coating roller -1，l＝0,1,…,C Coating roller -1。
(4) Determining a distribution ratio function, G (P) t (i，j)，Q t (k，l))＝[P t+1 (i，j)，Q t+1 (k，l)](ii) a Wherein the distribution ratio function represents the result of ink amount redistribution after the ith row, the jth column and the k row and the l column of the printing substrate contact with the coating roller, wherein i is 0,1,2, …, R Substrate material -1，j＝0,1,…,C Base material -1，k＝0,1,…,R Coating roller -1，l＝0,1,…,C Coating roll -1；P t+1 (i，j)＝αP t (i，j)+β Q t(k，l)；
Q t+1 (k，l)＝(1-α)P t (i，j)+(1-β)Q t (k, l), α and β are the same as P t (i, j) and Q t (k, l) corresponding constants.
After one coating, the ink amount state of the printing substrate and the coating roller is changed from P t And Q t To P t+1 And Q t+1 。
Further, α and β are determined by experiments, and data tables are formed, and α and β are acquired by referring to the data tables when step S3' is performed. In particular, when the ith row and the jth column on the printing substrate are not inked, α ═ 1 and β ═ 1.
(5) Determining a state jump function F (P) t ，Q t ，A，k 0 )＝[P t+1 ，Q t+1 ]Wherein A is 0 DEG and 180 DEG, k 0 Take 0,1,2…R Coating roll -1; determining that the coating roller rotates 0 degrees or 180 degrees along the direction vertical to the printing substrate through the A value; according to k 0 Determining the contact line between the coating roller and the printing substrate before the t +1 th coating, wherein the actual rotation angle of the coating roller is (k) 0 -k t )360°/R Coating roller Wherein k is t The coating roller is contacted with the printing substrate after the t coating.
(6) According to
Determining optimal A and k 0 。
It is necessary to supplement that in one coating process, the coating direction is determined by the running process and cannot be changed, and whether the coating roller rotates 180 degrees along the vertical direction and the coating roller selects the initial contact line k of this coating 0 Is adjustable, so construct the function F (P) above t ，Q t ，A，k 0 )＝[P t+1 ，Q t+1 ]And are combined with
Determination of A and k 0 The value of (c).
Wherein, RSD (P) t ) Calculated by the following way:
Mean(P t ) The average of the ink amounts of the printed pattern on the printed substrate after the t-th coating is shown.
Var(P t ) The standard deviation of the ink amount of the printed pattern on the printed substrate after the t-th coating is shown.
RSD(P t ) The relative standard deviation of the ink amount of the printed pattern on the printed substrate after the t-th coating is a measure of the flatness of the ink amount of the printed patternAnd (4) converting the index.
The points of the above coating strategy are: after each coating operation (longitudinal or transverse), the optimal rotating angle (0 degrees or 180 degrees) of the coating roller along the direction vertical to the printing substrate and the optimal axial self-rotating angle (the optimal contact line is selected) are selected through the ergodic quantitative calculation, so that the relative standard deviation of the ink quantity of the printing pattern on the printing substrate can be smaller by the next coating operation. The final purpose is to reduce the coating time, improve the coating efficiency and improve the coating quality.
If the coating roller supplies ink after the t-th coating, the coating roller is in a full ink state at the start of the t + 1-th coating, and the coating roller does not rotate around its axis nor rotate in a direction perpendicular to the printing substrate, and the t + 1-th coating may be performed directly.
As is clear from the above description, since the distribution ratio function indicates the result of redistribution of the ink amount after the ith row of the printing substrate, the jth row and the kth row of the application roller, and the ith row of the application roller are in contact with each other, when the application roller and the printing substrate are in different contact modes, the correspondence relationship between the values of i and j and the values of k and l in the distribution ratio function is different, and it is not necessarily that i is 0, and j is 0 corresponds to k being 0, and l is 0. The following examples of the present invention illustrate how the applicator roll contacts the printing substrate in different printing modes when applying in the first direction.
In a first example, as shown in fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a contact manner between the coating roller and the printing substrate according to the embodiment of the present invention, in the longitudinal coating (coating along the first direction), it is assumed that the current contact surface of the coating roller is kth t Line, then when from bottom to top if the coating roll does not turn 180 °, then the [0,1,2, …, R ] th on the printed substrate Substrate material -1]Line sequentially with [ k ] th of the coating roll t ,k t +1,k t +2,…,k t +R Base material -1]Line contact, i.e. printing, in which the left end of the printing substrate is in contact with the left end of the applicator rollNo. 0,1,2, …, C on the brush substrate Coating roller -1]Column by column with [0,1,2, …, C of the applicator roll Coating roller -1]The columns are in contact. Exemplarily, assume k in FIG. 8 t And 0, in this case, i is 0, j is 0 corresponds to k is 0, and l is 0 in the distribution ratio function.
In a second example, as shown in fig. 9, fig. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a contact manner between the coating roller and the printing substrate according to the embodiment of the present invention, and when the coating roller is coated in the longitudinal direction (coated in the first direction), it is assumed that the current contact surface of the coating roller is kth t Line, then when from bottom to top, if the applicator roll is turned 180 °, then the [0,1,2, …, R ] th on the substrate is printed Base material -1]Line sequentially with the [ k ] th of the coating roll t ,k t -1,k t -2,…,k t -(R Base material -1)]Line contact, where the left end of the printed substrate is in contact with the right end of the applicator roll, i.e., [0,1,2, …, C ] on the printed substrate Coating roller -1]Column by column with [ C ] th of the applicator roll Coating roller -1,C Coating roll -2,…,2,1,0]The columns are in contact. Exemplarily, assume k in FIG. 9 t Is 0, when in the distribution ratio function, i is 0, j is 0, k is 0, and l is C Coating roller -1。
In a third example, as shown in fig. 10, fig. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a contact manner between the coating roller and the printing substrate according to the embodiment of the present invention, and when the coating roller is coated in the longitudinal direction (coated in the first direction), it is assumed that the current contact surface of the coating roller is kth t Line, when from top to bottom, if the applicator roll is not turned 180 °, then the R < th > on the substrate is printed Base material -1,R Base material -2,…,1,0]Line sequentially with [ k ] th of the coating roll t ,k t -1,k t -2,…,k t -(R Base material -1)]Line contact, with the left end of the printed substrate in contact with the left end of the applicator roll, i.e., [0,1,2, …, C ] on the printed substrate Coating roller -1]Column by column with [0,1,2, …, C of the applicator roll Coating roll -1]The columns are in contact. Exemplarily, assume k in FIG. 10 t Is 0, when in the distribution ratio function, i is equal to R Base material -1, j-0 corresponds to k-0, l-0.
In a fourth example, as shown in FIG. 11, FIG. 11 shows a contact method of an applying roller and a printing substrate according to an embodiment of the present inventionIn the fourth formula, when longitudinal coating (coating along the first direction), the current contact surface of the coating roller is assumed to be the kth t Line, when from top to bottom, if the applicator roll is turned 180 °, then the R < th > on the substrate is printed Base material -1,R Substrate material -2,…,1,0]Line sequentially with [ k ] th of the coating roll t ,k t +1,k t +2,…,k t +R Base material -1]Line contact, where the left end of the printed substrate is in contact with the right end of the applicator roll, i.e., [0,1,2, …, C ] th on the printed substrate Coating roller -1]Column by column with [ C ] th of the applicator roll Coating roller -1,C Coating roller -2,…,2,1,0]The columns are contacted. Exemplarily, assume k in FIG. 11 t Is 0, when in the distribution ratio function, i is equal to R Base material 1, j-0 corresponds to k-0, l-C Coating roller -1。
Optionally, as shown in fig. 12, fig. 12 is a flowchart three of a printing method provided in the embodiment of the present invention, and the printing method in the embodiment of the present invention further includes the following steps after step S5:
step S6, determining whether the relative standard deviation of the ink amount of the printed pattern on the printed substrate is below a preset value, if yes, the coating is finished. The execution of step S6 is effective in ensuring good uniformity of the ink amount of the printed pattern on the printed substrate obtained after the coating is finished. The above preset value can be set according to actual needs, and is exemplarily selected to be 5% in the embodiment of the present invention.
It should be added that when the relative standard deviation of the ink amount of the printed pattern on the printing substrate is higher than the preset value, there are various operation manners, such as returning to step S1, or, as shown in fig. 12, 13 and 14, fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a second coating process provided by the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a second motion track of the coating roller provided by the embodiment of the present invention, and the printing method further includes the following steps after step S6:
step S7, the coating roller is positioned at the second printing starting end of the printing substrate, and the coating direction is consistent with the second direction;
the second printing start end of the printing substrate may be any position of the printing substrate, such as any angular position of the printing substrate, and preferably, the second printing start end is the position of the coating roller after step S5 is performed, so as to simplify the printing process and improve the printing efficiency.
Step S8, coating the coating roller to the other end of the printing substrate from the second printing starting end along the second direction;
step S9, translating the coating roller along the first direction D2, wherein D2 is less than or equal to W Coating roll ；
Step S10, coating the coating roller to the other end of the printing substrate from the current position along the second direction;
and step S11, repeating the steps S9 to S10 until the whole printing substrate is coated.
In the example shown in fig. 14, the second printing start end of the printing substrate is the left portion of the printing substrate. D2 may be related to W Coating roller Equal to or less than W Coating roller Wherein, considering that the printing ink is extruded to move to the edge of the coating roller in the coating process of the coating roller, so that the ink amount at the edge of the coating roller is inconsistent with the ink amount at the middle part, D2 is preferably smaller than W in the embodiment of the invention Coating roll I.e. the subsequent coating position partially covers the previous coating position to further improve the uniformity of the ink amount of the printed pattern on the printed substrate. The specific value of D2 is determined by considering the printing efficiency and the uniformity of the ink amount of the printing pattern, optionally D2 is 1/4W Coating roller ，1/2W Coating roller Or 3/4W Coating roll 。
In addition, if the step S9 needs to be executed multiple times in the whole coating process, D2 in each execution process can be the same or different, as long as D2 is not more than W Coating roller And (4) finishing. Illustratively, D2 was the same for each run except the last, which was determined to satisfy the condition that the edge of the applicator roll was aligned with the edge of the print substrate D2. The details of the above steps can refer to the corresponding contents of the steps S1 to S5, which are not described herein again.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 12, the printing method in the embodiment of the present invention further includes the following steps after step S11: and step S12, judging whether the relative standard deviation of the ink quantity of the printing patterns on the printing substrate is less than a preset value, if so, finishing the coating, otherwise, returning to the step S1.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 12, the printing method in the embodiment of the present invention further includes: the following steps between step S9 and step S10: step S9', the coating roller is spun according to a coating strategy, and/or rotated in a direction perpendicular to the printing substrate to improve the uniformity of the ink volume of the printed pattern on the printing substrate. Spinning the applicator roll according to an application strategy, and/or rotating in a direction perpendicular to the printing substrate, includes three scenarios: first, the coating roll is made to rotate according to a coating strategy; secondly, rotating the coating roller along the direction vertical to the printing substrate according to a coating strategy; thirdly, the coating roller is rotated in the direction perpendicular to the printing substrate according to the coating strategy, and at this time, the sequence of the rotation of the coating roller and the rotation of the coating roller in the direction perpendicular to the printing substrate is not limited.
Further, the coating roll is rotated according to a coating strategy and rotated by 0 ° or 180 ° in a direction perpendicular to the printing substrate. The self-rotation angle of the coating roller can be any angle between 0-360 degrees, and the traversing effect can be achieved by combining the rotation of the coating roller along the direction vertical to the printing substrate by 0-degree or 180-degree.
The specific contents of the coating strategy can be referred to the previous description, and are not repeated herein.
It should be noted that, as described above, since the distribution ratio function indicates the result of redistribution of the ink amount after the ith row of the printing substrate, the jth row and the kth row of the application roller, and the ith row of the application roller are in contact with each other, when the application roller and the printing substrate are in different contact modes, the correspondence relationship between the values of i and j and the values of k and l in the distribution ratio function is different, and it is not necessary that i is 0, and j is 0 necessarily corresponds to k being 0, and l is 0. Next, the embodiment of the present invention will be described by way of example of the manner in which the coating roller is brought into contact with the printing substrate in the different printing manners when coating in the second direction.
In a first example, as shown in fig. 15, fig. 15 is a schematic view of a contact mode of the coating roller and the printing substrate according to the embodiment of the present inventionIn the case of transverse coating (coating in the second direction), it is assumed that the current contact surface of the coating roll is kth t Line, when from left to right, if the applicator roll is not turned 180 °, then the [0,1,2, …, C on the print substrate Base material -1]Column by column with [ k ] th of the applicator roll t ,k t +1,k t +2,…,k t +C Base material -1]Line contact, with the top of the printing substrate in contact with the left end of the applicator roll, i.e., [0,1,2, …, C on the printing substrate Coating roll -1]Line sequentially with the coating roll Coating roll -1,C Coating roll -2,…,2,1,0]The columns are in contact. Exemplarily, assume k in FIG. 15 t Is 0, when in the distribution ratio function, i is 0, j is 0, k is 0, and l is C Coating roll -1。
In a second example, as shown in fig. 16, fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a contact manner between the coating roller and the printing substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein in the transverse coating (coating along the second direction), it is assumed that the current contact surface of the coating roller is kth t Line, when from left to right, if the applicator roll is turned 180 °, then the [0,1,2, …, C on the substrate is printed Base material -1]Line of the coating roll t ,k t -1,k t -2,…,k t -(C Base material -1)]Line contact, with the upper part of the substrate in contact with the right end of the applicator roll, i.e., [0,1,2, …, C on the printed substrate Coating roller -1]Line sequence with [0,1,2, …, C of the applicator roll Coating roll -1]The columns are contacted. Exemplarily, assume k in fig. 16 t And 0, in this case, i is 0, j is 0 corresponds to k is 0, and l is 0 in the distribution ratio function.
In a third example, as shown in fig. 17, fig. 17 is a schematic diagram seven illustrating a contact manner between the coating roller and the printing substrate according to the embodiment of the present invention, and when the coating roller is coated in the transverse direction (coated in the second direction), it is assumed that the current contact surface of the coating roller is kth t Line, when from right to left, if the applicator roll does not turn 180 °, print the C-th on the substrate Base material -1,C Base material -2,…,1,0]Line of the coating roll t ,k t -1,k t -2,…,k t -(C Substrate material -1)]Line contact, the upper part of the printing substrate being in contact with the left end of the applicator roll, i.e., the second term on the printing substrate0,1,2,…,C Coating roller -1]Line sequence with [ C ] of the applicator roll Coating roll -1,C Coating roller -2,…,2,1,0]The columns are contacted. Exemplarily, assume k in fig. 17 t Is 0, when in the distribution ratio function, i is 0, j is C Substrate material -1 corresponds to k ═ 0, l ═ C Coating roller -1。
In a fourth example, as shown in fig. 18, fig. 18 is a schematic view eight illustrating a contact manner between the coating roller and the printing substrate according to the embodiment of the present invention, and when the coating roller is transversely coated (coated in the second direction), it is assumed that the current contact surface of the coating roller is kth t Line, when from right to left, if the applicator roll is turned 180 °, then the C-th on the substrate is printed Base material -1,C Base material -2,…,1,0]Column by column with [ k ] th of the applicator roll t ,k t +1,k t +2,…,k t +C Base material -1]Line contact, the upper part of the printing substrate being in contact with the right end of the applicator roll, i.e. [0,1,2, …, C ] on the printing substrate Coating roller -1]Line sequence with [0,1,2, …, C of the applicator roll Coating roll -1]The columns are contacted. Exemplarily, assume k in fig. 18 t Is 0, in this case, in the distribution ratio function, i is 0, j is C Base material -1 corresponds to k ═ R Coating roller -1，l＝0。
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A printing press, comprising: a coating roll and a printing platform; wherein the axial length W of the coating roller Coating roller Is less than the width W of the printing substrate on the printing platform Base material And length H Base material And the circumference H of the coating roll Coating roller Smaller than the print on the printing platformWidth W of brush substrate Base material And length H Base material (ii) a The coating roller can rotate, rotate in the direction vertical to the plane of the printing substrate and roll along the circumferential direction of the printing substrate for coating; the printing substrate has a pattern thereon to which printing ink is selectively adhered.
2. A printing method, suitable for use in a printing machine according to claim 1, comprising:
step S1, positioning the coating roller at a first printing start end of the printing substrate, and making the coating direction of the coating roller consistent with a first direction, wherein the first direction is a length direction or a width direction of the printing substrate;
step S2, the coating roller is coated from the first printing start end to the other end of the printing substrate along the first direction;
step S3, translating the coating roller along a second direction D1, wherein the second direction is a direction perpendicular to the first direction, and D1 is not less than W Coating roller ；
Step S4, coating the coating roller to the other end of the printing substrate from the current position of the coating roller along the first direction;
and step S5, repeating the steps S3 to S4 until the whole printing substrate is coated.
3. The printing method of claim 2, further comprising: the following steps between step S3 and step S4:
and step S3', the coating roller is made to rotate automatically according to a coating strategy and/or is rotated along a direction vertical to the plane of the printing substrate, so as to improve the uniformity of the ink quantity of the printing pattern on the printing substrate.
4. A printing method according to claim 3, wherein the applicator roll is rotated according to an application strategy and rotated by 0 ° or 180 ° in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the printing substrate.
5. The printing method of claim 4, wherein the coating strategy comprises:
discretizing the printing substrate into R Base material Line, C Base material A column;
dispersing the peripheral surface of the coating roll into R Coating roller Line, C Coating roller A column;
defining the ink amount of the printed pattern on the printed substrate after the t-th coating as P t The state of the ink amount on the coating roller after the t-th coating is Q t The coating roller is coated from one end of the printing substrate to the other end of the printing substrate in one coating step;
determining a distribution ratio function, G (P) t (i，j)，Q t (k，l))＝[P t+1 (i，j)，Q t+1 (k，l)](ii) a Wherein the distribution ratio function represents the result of ink amount redistribution after the ith row, the jth column and the kth row of the coating roller and the lth column of the printing substrate are contacted, wherein i is 0,1,2, …, R Base material -1，j＝0,1,…,C Base material -1，k＝0,1,…,R Coating roller -1，l＝0,1,…,C Coating roller -1；P t41 (i，j)＝αP t (i，j)+βQ t (k，l)；Q t+1 (k，l)＝(1-α)P t (i，j)+(1-β)Q t (k, l), α and β are the same as P t (i, j) and Q t (k, l) corresponding constants;
determining a state jump function F (P) t ，Q t ，A，k 0 )＝[P t+1 ，Q t+1 ]Wherein A is 0 DEG and 180 DEG, k 0 Take 0,1,2 … R Coating roller -1; determining that the coating roller rotates 0 degree or 180 degrees along the direction vertical to the plane of the printing substrate according to the value A; according to k 0 Determining the contact line between the coating roller and the printing substrate before the t +1 th coating, wherein the actual rotation angle of the coating roller is (k) 0 -k t )360°/R Coating roll Wherein k is t The contact line of the coating roller and the printing substrate after the t-th coating;
according to
Determining optimal A and k 0 。
6. The printing method according to claim 5, wherein α and β are determined experimentally and form a data table, and α and β are obtained by referring to the data table when performing the step S3'.
7. The printing method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, further comprising, after step S5, the steps of:
and step S6, judging whether the relative standard deviation of the ink quantity of the printing pattern on the printing substrate reaches below a preset value, if so, finishing coating.
8. The printing method according to claim 7, wherein the relative standard deviation of the amount of ink of the printed pattern on the printed substrate is higher than the preset value, the printing method further comprising the following step after step S6:
step S7, the coating roller is positioned at the second printing starting end of the printing substrate, and the coating direction of the coating roller is consistent with the second direction;
step S8, the coating roller is coated from the second printing start end to the other end of the printing substrate along the second direction;
step S9, translating the coating roller along the first direction D2, wherein D2 is not more than W Coating roller ；
Step S10, coating the coating roller to the other end of the printing substrate from the current position of the coating roller along the second direction;
and step S11, repeating the steps S9 to S10 until the whole printing substrate is coated.
9. The printing method of claim 8, further comprising: the following steps after step S11: and step S12, judging whether the relative standard deviation of the ink quantity of the printing patterns on the printing substrate is less than a preset value, if so, finishing the coating, otherwise, returning to the step S1.
10. The printing method of claim 8, further comprising: the following steps between step S9 and step S10:
and step S9', the coating roller is made to rotate automatically according to a coating strategy and/or is rotated along a direction vertical to the plane of the printing substrate, so as to improve the uniformity of the ink quantity of the printing pattern on the printing substrate.
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