CN113264633B - Ecological restoration method for black and odorous river channel - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for black and odorous river channel Download PDFInfo
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- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
- C02F1/5245—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents using basic salts, e.g. of aluminium and iron
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- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5263—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using natural chemical compounds
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- C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2203/006—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage details of construction, e.g. specially adapted seals, modules, connections
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- C02F2203/008—Mobile apparatus and plants, e.g. mounted on a vehicle
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- C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
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- C02F2209/08—Chemical Oxygen Demand [COD]; Biological Oxygen Demand [BOD]
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- C02F2305/06—Nutrients for stimulating the growth of microorganisms
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- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
- C02F3/342—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used characterised by the enzymes used
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- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/40—Protecting water resources
- Y02A20/402—River restoration
Abstract
The invention provides a black and odorous river ecological restoration method, and belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment. The method carries out ecological restoration on the black and odorous river channel from five aspects of source control and sewage interception, sediment treatment, water body purification, ecological restoration and maintenance management, and has strong operability, thorough treatment and high treatment efficiency; through the reconstruction of the river ecological system, the self-cleaning capability of the water body is gradually recovered, the peculiar smell and chromaticity of the black and odorous water body are gradually eliminated, the ecological balance of the water body is finally realized, the water quality is improved, the water ecological system can be developed healthily and stably for a long time, and the water ecological system has good environmental protection and ecological functions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and particularly relates to an ecological restoration method for a black and odorous river channel.
Background
Along with the continuous development of industrialization, the discharge of industrial wastewater and domestic water causes the river to be polluted organically, so that the river becomes an eutrophic water body, microorganisms are propagated in a large amount in the water body, oxygen in the water body is consumed to cause the water body to be anoxic, and in the anoxic water body, organic pollutants are decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms to form a large amount of amines, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and the like, so that the water body is blackened and odorous. The physical and chemical environment of the catalyst shows strong reducing property, the organic and inorganic pollution is extremely serious, the water body has stink, is not suitable for the survival of aquatic organisms, the aquatic plants degenerate and even extinct, and only a small number of phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthonic animals are present. The broken food chain and the broken food net are separated, the ecological system structure is seriously unbalanced, and the functions are seriously degenerated or even lost.
Black and odorous water is an extreme manifestation of organic pollution of water, and most of the water forms black and odorous by the same mechanism, and is caused by anoxic water and putrefaction of organic matters. Analysis from the aspect of water quality shows that black and odorous smell occurs because COD, BOD, NH in water body 3 The content of N and the like is too high, so that the water body is severely anoxic. Blackening is mainly carried out by adsorbing black suspended particles of metal sulfides such as FeS, mnS and the like; the odor is generated because a great amount of hydrogen sulfide, mercaptan, ammonia, amine and other gaseous pollutants are generated in the process of converting organic pollutants in the water body by anaerobic microorganisms.
The blackening mechanism is mainly as follows: (1) insoluble materials present in the body of water in solid form or adsorbed onto suspended particles; (2) colored organic compounds (mainly humus organic compounds) dissolved in water. Black sediments such as FeS can be generated by reaction under the participation of different anaerobic microorganisms, and are adsorbed by tiny suspended matters in water, and part of the sediments at the water bottom can also reenter the water body under the supporting and floating action of bubbles generated by the anaerobic reaction at the water bottom.
The odor-causing mechanism is mainly as follows: (1) a large amount of organic matters are decomposed under the action of anaerobic bacteria, and a series of odorous substances such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, mercaptan and the like are generated in intermediate products and final products to cause the odorization of water; (2) by analysis of humic substances, nearly 20 amino acids and a large amount of free ammonia are obtained from acid hydrolysis products of humic acid and fulvic acid, and the amino acids generate a large amount of free ammonia odor and amine, hydrogen sulfide and thiol substances with special malodor in a water body by deamination, decarboxylation and 3 decomposition modes of decomposing sulfur-containing amino acids by certain bacteria such as bacillus; (3) soil malodor and iso-z alcohols secreted by anaerobic actinomycetes under anaerobic conditions can cause strong malodorous effects at very low concentrations.
At present, most urban river channels in China are evolved into black and odorous river channels, organic pollution of the river channels is ubiquitous and increasingly prominent, urban sewage directly discharges the river channels, and seasonal or final-year black and odorous water bodies are all water environment problems which are urgently needed to be solved in the current urban river channel pollution problems in China.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides the ecological restoration method for the black and odorous river channel, which is used for carrying out ecological restoration on the black and odorous river channel from five aspects of source control and pollution interception, sediment treatment, water body purification, ecological restoration and maintenance management.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a black and odorous river ecological restoration method comprises the following steps:
(1) Source control and sewage interception: discharging drain openings on two sides of a river channel, and intercepting sewage flowing into the river channel;
(2) And (3) treating bottom mud: setting a plurality of dams along the water flow direction of the river channel to partition, putting biological enzyme preparation particles into the water body of the river channel in a plurality of partitions to carry out biological decomposition, putting flocculating agent into the water body after 12-15 days of biological decomposition, and dredging the river channel after standing for 20-30 days;
(3) Purifying water: after dredging, adding deodorant into the river water body, and meanwhile, adding a graphene photocatalytic net on the surface of the center of the water body to perform black and odor removal treatment on the water body; adding the microbial sewage treatment agent into the water body 12-20 days after adding the deodorant, degrading organic matters in the water body, and adding the microbial sewage treatment agent again after 8-15 days;
(4) Ecological restoration: when organic matters in the river water body are degraded to a certain degree, namely a large number of protozoa, benthonic animals and plankton appear in the water body, planting submerged plants in the water body, and throwing omnivorous fishes, shellfishes and shrimps into the water body; 10-20 days after planting submerged plants, arranging an ecological floating bed on the coast of a river channel, and planting emergent aquatic plants on the ecological floating bed, wherein the water surface coverage rate of the ecological floating bed is 25-30%; constructing a natural gentle slope revetment in a land area from the normal water line of the river to the top of the revetment, and planting arbor-shrub vegetation;
(5) Maintenance management: the periodic manual inspection comprises the management of river water surfaces, aquatic animals, submerged plants, emergent aquatic plants and arbor and shrub vegetation, the scheduling of water resources and the monitoring of water quality.
As the optimization of the technical scheme, the deodorant in the step (3) is formed by mixing green tea extract, licorice extract, perilla extract, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5-0.8:2-3:0.5-1:0.3-0.8, and the adding amount of the deodorant is 3-5g/m 2 。
As a preferred technical scheme, the preparation of the microbial sewage treatment agent in the step (3) is as follows: taking a composite bacterial liquid, a microbial nitrogen source and a biological carrier according to the mass ratio of 1:6-8:3-5, uniformly mixing the composite bacterial liquid and the microbial nitrogen source, culturing at 24-26 ℃, adding the biological carrier, uniformly stirring, and drying to obtain the microbial sewage treatment agent; the adding amount of the microbial sewage treatment agent is 8-15g/m 2 。
As the optimization of the technical scheme, the composite bacterial liquid is formed by mixing micrococcus luteus, rhizopus nigricans, bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria according to the mass ratio of 3-5:2-4:1:1-2.
As the optimization of the technical scheme, the microbial nitrogen source is formed by mixing fungus stick waste residue powder, glucose, peptone and water according to the mass ratio of 3-5:2-3:1:10-15.
As the optimization of the technical scheme, the biological carrier is formed by mixing cellulose, starch and diatomite according to the mass ratio of 2-3:4-6:1.
As a technical prescriptionPreferably, the biological enzyme preparation particles in the step (2) are particles prepared by mixing cellulase, xylanase and catalase according to a mass ratio of 2-3:1:1, and the adding amount of the biological enzyme preparation particles is 1-3g/m 2 。
As the optimization of the technical scheme, the flocculant in the step (2) is formed by mixing sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyaluminum chloride, polymeric ferric sulfate silicate and active carbon according to the mass ratio of 3-5:1-3:1:4-6, and the adding amount of the flocculant is 15-20g/m 2 。
As the optimization of the technical scheme, the submerged plants in the step (4) are the combination of any three of black algae, foxtail, water caltrop, bitter grass and gynura segetum, and the planting density is 35-50 plants/m 2 。
As the optimization of the technical scheme, the emergent aquatic plants in the step (4) are any combination of more than two of reed, typha and allium fistulosum, and the planting density is 20-30 plants/m 2 。
In the invention, the arbor and shrub vegetation is any combination of more than two of aspen, salix psammophila, silk cotton and oleander, and the planting density is 5-10 plants/100 m 2 。
In the invention, the material of the ecological floating bed is a high-density polyethylene material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention carries out ecological restoration on the black and odorous river channel from five aspects of source control and sewage interception, bottom mud treatment, water body purification, ecological restoration and maintenance management, and the method has strong operability, thorough treatment and high treatment efficiency; by rebuilding the river channel ecological system, the self-cleaning capability of the water body is gradually recovered, the peculiar smell and chromaticity of the black and odorous water body are gradually eliminated, and finally the ecological balance of the water body is realized, so that the ecological of the water body can be developed healthily and stably for a long time, and the water body has good environmental protection and ecological functions.
2. The deodorant used in the invention contains green tea, licorice and perilla extract components, and the plant extracts contain various active ingredients including terpenes, alcohols, ketones, lipids, aldehydes, polyphenols, organic acids, amino acids, alkaloids and the like, wherein the active groups of the organic acids such as citric acid, tartaric acid and the like can be subjected to acid-base neutralization with odor molecules such as ammonia, organic amine and the like to eliminate odor; the alkaloid can react with acidic odor molecules such as hydrogen sulfide and the like to deodorize; catechin (polyphenol substance) can perform esterification and transesterification reaction with odor molecules or form hydrogen bonds with odor substances, so that the odor substances are adsorbed, absorbed and dissolved to bind the odor molecules for deodorization; the polysaccharide substance can form a package for odor molecules, and can achieve better deodorizing effect by adsorption; the polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol contained in the deodorant have good film forming, bonding, condensing and other effects, a layer of film is quickly formed on the surface of part of organic matters, the film has good strength and ductility, the film is insoluble in water after film forming, and part of organic matters in the water body are covered on the microcosmic aspect, so that the release of malodorous substances is inhibited.
3. The microbial sewage treatment agent disclosed by the invention consists of a composite bacterial liquid, a microbial nitrogen source and a biological carrier, wherein micrococcus luteus, rhizopus nigricans, bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria in the composite bacterial liquid are in symbiotic coordination, the activity is high, the propagation is fast, the microbial sewage treatment agent can degrade heavy metals, nitrogen, phosphorus, COD and other pollutants in a black and odorous water body, can rapidly remove black and odor, recover the ecological balance and self-cleaning functions of the water body, create conditions for the growth of indigenous microbial strains, finally form dominant bacterial groups, gradually recover the self-cleaning capability of the water body and improve the water quality; the fungus stick waste residue powder, glucose and peptone are used as a microorganism nitrogen source, so that nutrient substances necessary for growth and reproduction of microorganisms can be provided, and the problem that microorganisms in black and odorous water bodies are not suitable for growth can be solved; the biological carrier is composed of cellulose, starch and diatomite, so that microbial agents can be well immobilized, nutrient substances can be more easily absorbed by the bacteria, and the water purification effect is greatly improved.
4. According to the invention, submerged plants are planted in the water body, and emergent aquatic plant belts are constructed on two sides of a river channel, wherein the submerged plants can play roles in purifying water quality, inhibiting algae growth, precipitating suspended substances, fixing substrates, providing food and space for aquatic animals and increasing the biological diversity and stability of the water body; the emergent aquatic plant belt is constructed along the coast, so that the effects of absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salts, filtering sewage, fixing slopes and shading light can be achieved; the ecological slope protection has the functions of flood control and drainage and stabilization of the river bank, can slow down the erosion of river water and surface runoff to the river bank, can largely intercept and degrade pollutants carried in the surface runoff, and provides habitat and breeding places for some animals and microorganisms; the ecological restoration system has reasonable construction space configuration, can effectively improve the biodiversity, and has irreplaceable important roles in improving the metabolism of the river ecological system, restoring aquatic ecology and enhancing the life health of the river.
5. The biological enzyme preparation particles comprise cellulase, xylanase and catalase, can provide extracellular enzymes for aerobic bacteria, quickly recover the activity of the bacteria, improve the degradation capability of the bacteria on surrounding organic matters, and convert macromolecular organic matters into micromolecular organic matters, thereby being beneficial to degrading the bacteria in water.
6. According to the invention, the graphene photocatalytic net is additionally arranged on the surface of the center of the water body, so that pollutants in the water body can be degraded by the graphene photocatalytic net, the dissolved oxygen content in the water body is increased, and the water quality is improved.
7. The flocculant consists of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyaluminium chloride, polymeric ferric sulfate silicate and active carbon, and the substances are used for effectively removing pollutants such as dissolved organic matters, suspended sludge, colloid, heavy metal ions, phosphorus, nitrogen and the like in the black and odorous water body through combined actions of adsorption, flocculation, precipitation and the like, so that the aim of purifying the water body is fulfilled.
8. According to the invention, the ecological floating bed is arranged on the river channel to plant emergent aquatic plants, so that the emergent aquatic plants can grow and propagate, a better environment is provided for microorganism bacteria, and the self-purification capability of the river channel is improved; the ecological floating bed is made of high-density polyethylene, the density of the polyethylene is smaller than that of river water, the polyethylene can float on water, after the river water is recovered to be clear, the ecological floating bed can be easily recovered, the ecological floating bed can be reused, and secondary pollution to the river can be avoided.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are only intended to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A black and odorous river ecological restoration method comprises the following steps:
(1) Source control and sewage interception: discharging drain openings on two sides of a river channel, and intercepting sewage flowing into the river channel;
(2) And (3) treating bottom mud: a plurality of dams are arranged along the water flow direction of the river channel to divide the river channel, biological enzyme preparation particles are put into the river channel water bodies of the plurality of divisions to carry out biological decomposition, the biological enzyme preparation particles are particles prepared by mixing cellulase, xylanase and catalase according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1, and the adding amount of the biological enzyme preparation particles is 3g/m 2 After 15 days of biological decomposition, adding a flocculating agent into the water body, wherein the flocculating agent is formed by mixing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyaluminium chloride, polymeric ferric sulfate silicate and active carbon according to the mass ratio of 4:2:1:5, and the adding amount of the flocculating agent is 20g/m 2 Standing for 25 days, and dredging the river channel;
(3) Purifying water: after dredging, adding a deodorant into the river channel water body, wherein the deodorant is formed by mixing green tea extract, licorice extract, perilla extract, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol according to the mass ratio of 1:0.6:2:0.8:0.5, and the adding amount of the deodorant is 5g/m 2 Meanwhile, a graphene photocatalytic net is additionally arranged on the surface of the center of the water body, and the black and odor removal treatment of the water body is carried out; 15 days after the deodorant is added, adding a microbial sewage treatment agent into the water body to degrade organic matters in the water body, wherein the adding amount is 12g/m 2 And adding the microbial sewage treatment agent again after 10 days; the microbial sewage treatment agent is prepared as follows: taking a composite bacterial liquid, a microbial nitrogen source and a biological carrier according to the mass ratio of 1:6:5, uniformly mixing the composite bacterial liquid and the microbial nitrogen source, culturing at 26 ℃, adding the biological carrier, uniformly stirring, and drying to obtain the microbial sewage treatment agent; the composite bacterial liquid is formed by mixing micrococcus luteus, rhizopus nigricans, bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria according to the mass ratio of 5:3:1:1; by a means ofThe microbial nitrogen source is formed by mixing fungus stick waste residue powder, glucose, peptone and water according to a mass ratio of 5:2:1:12; the biological carrier is formed by mixing cellulose, starch and diatomite according to a mass ratio of 3:4:1;
(4) Ecological restoration: when organic matters in the river water body are degraded to a certain degree, namely a large number of protozoa, benthonic animals and plankton appear in the water body, submerged plants are planted in the water body, wherein the submerged plants are the combination of the black algae, the foxtail algae and the kucao, and the planting density is 40 plants/m 2 Feeding omnivorous fishes, shellfishes and shrimps into the water body; 20 days after planting submerged plants, arranging an ecological floating bed on the coast of a river course, and planting emergent aquatic plants on the ecological floating bed, wherein the emergent aquatic plants are reed and typha, and the planting density is 25 plants/m 2 The water surface coverage rate of the ecological floating bed is 28%, and the ecological floating bed is made of high-density polyethylene material; constructing a natural gentle slope revetment in a region from a normal water line of a river to a land direction at the top of a revetment, and planting arbor and shrub vegetation, wherein the arbor and shrub vegetation is a combination of aspen, salix psammophila and silk cotton, and the planting density is 8 plants/100 m 2 ；
(5) Maintenance management: the periodic manual inspection comprises the management of river water surfaces, aquatic animals, submerged plants, emergent aquatic plants and arbor and shrub vegetation, the scheduling of water resources and the monitoring of water quality.
The results of detecting the water quality index before the black and odorous river treatment, the water quality index after the treatment for 2 months, the water quality index after the treatment for 4 months, and the water quality index after the treatment for 6 months in the Guangxi region are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 river course Water quality index
Example 2
A black and odorous river ecological restoration method comprises the following steps:
(1) Source control and sewage interception: discharging drain openings on two sides of a river channel, and intercepting sewage flowing into the river channel;
(2) And (3) treating bottom mud: a plurality of dams are arranged along the water flow direction of the river channel to divide the river channel, biological enzyme preparation particles are put into the river channel water bodies of the plurality of divisions to carry out biological decomposition, the biological enzyme preparation particles are particles prepared by mixing cellulase, xylanase and catalase according to the mass ratio of 3:1:1, and the adding amount of the biological enzyme preparation particles is 1g/m 2 After 12 days of biological decomposition, adding a flocculating agent into the water body, wherein the flocculating agent is formed by mixing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyaluminium chloride, polymeric ferric sulfate silicate and active carbon according to the mass ratio of 3:3:1:4, and the adding amount of the flocculating agent is 15g/m 2 Standing for 20 days, and dredging the river channel;
(3) Purifying water: after dredging, adding a deodorant into the river channel water body, wherein the deodorant is formed by mixing green tea extract, licorice extract, perilla extract, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5:3:0.5:0.8, and the adding amount of the deodorant is 3g/m 2 Meanwhile, a graphene photocatalytic net is additionally arranged on the surface of the center of the water body, and the black and odor removal treatment of the water body is carried out; adding microbial sewage treatment agent into the water body for degrading organic matters in the water body 12 days after adding the deodorant, wherein the adding amount is 8g/m 2 And adding the microbial sewage treatment agent again after 15 days; the microbial sewage treatment agent is prepared as follows: taking a composite bacterial liquid, a microbial nitrogen source and a biological carrier according to the mass ratio of 1:8:3, uniformly mixing the composite bacterial liquid and the microbial nitrogen source, culturing at 24 ℃, adding the biological carrier, uniformly stirring, and drying to obtain the microbial sewage treatment agent; the composite bacterial liquid is formed by mixing micrococcus luteus, rhizopus nigricans, bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria according to a mass ratio of 3:2:1:2; the microbial nitrogen source is formed by mixing fungus stick waste residue powder, glucose, peptone and water according to a mass ratio of 3:3:1:10; the biological carrier is formed by mixing cellulose, starch and diatomite according to a mass ratio of 2:4:1;
(4) Ecological restoration: when organic matters in the river water body are degraded to a certain degree, namely a large number of protozoa, benthonic animals and plankton appear in the water body, submerged plants are planted in the water body, wherein the submerged plants are the combination of the bromhidrosis, the crispus and the gynura segetum, and the planting density is 35 plants/m 2 Feeding omnivorous fishes, shellfishes and shrimps into the water body; 10 days after planting submerged plants, arranging an ecological floating bed on the coast of a river channel, and planting emergent aquatic plants on the ecological floating bed, wherein the emergent aquatic plants are typha and allium fistulosum, and the planting density is 20 plants/m 2 The water surface coverage rate of the ecological floating bed is 25%, and the ecological floating bed is made of high-density polyethylene material; constructing a natural gentle slope revetment in a region from above a normal water line of a river to the top land of a revetment, and planting arbor-shrub vegetation, wherein the arbor-shrub vegetation is silk cotton wood and oleander, and the planting density is 5 plants/100 m 2 ；
(5) Maintenance management: the periodic manual inspection comprises the management of river water surfaces, aquatic animals, submerged plants, emergent aquatic plants and arbor and shrub vegetation, the scheduling of water resources and the monitoring of water quality.
The results of detecting the water quality index before the black and odorous river treatment, the water quality index after the treatment for 2 months, the water quality index after the treatment for 4 months, and the water quality index after the treatment for 6 months in the Guangxi region are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 river course Water quality index
Example 3
A black and odorous river ecological restoration method comprises the following steps:
(1) Source control and sewage interception: discharging drain openings on two sides of a river channel, and intercepting sewage flowing into the river channel;
(2) And (3) treating bottom mud: setting a plurality of dams along the river water flow direction to divide the river water body into a plurality of divisions, and throwing biological enzyme preparation particles into the river water body to carry out biological decomposition, wherein the river water body is divided into a plurality of divisionsThe biological enzyme preparation particles are particles prepared by mixing cellulase, xylanase and catalase according to a mass ratio of 2:1:1, and the adding amount of the biological enzyme preparation particles is 2g/m 2 After the biological decomposition is carried out for 14 days, adding a flocculating agent into the water body, wherein the flocculating agent is formed by mixing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyaluminium chloride, polymeric ferric sulfate silicate and activated carbon according to the mass ratio of 5:1:1:6, and the adding amount of the flocculating agent is 18g/m 2 Standing for 30 days, and dredging the river channel;
(3) Purifying water: after dredging, adding a deodorant into the river channel water body, wherein the deodorant is formed by mixing green tea extract, licorice extract, perilla extract, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol according to the mass ratio of 1:0.8:3:1:0.3, and the adding amount of the deodorant is 5g/m 2 Meanwhile, a graphene photocatalytic net is additionally arranged on the surface of the center of the water body, and the black and odor removal treatment of the water body is carried out; 20 days after the deodorant is added, adding a microbial sewage treatment agent into the water body to degrade organic matters in the water body, wherein the adding amount is 15g/m 2 And adding the microbial sewage treatment agent again after 15 days; the microbial sewage treatment agent is prepared as follows: taking a composite bacterial liquid, a microbial nitrogen source and a biological carrier according to the mass ratio of 1:6:3, uniformly mixing the composite bacterial liquid and the microbial nitrogen source, culturing at 24 ℃, adding the biological carrier, uniformly stirring, and drying to obtain the microbial sewage treatment agent; the composite bacterial liquid is formed by mixing micrococcus luteus, rhizopus nigricans, bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria according to the mass ratio of 3:4:1:2; the microbial nitrogen source is formed by mixing fungus stick waste residue powder, glucose, peptone and water according to a mass ratio of 3:2:1:15; the biological carrier is formed by mixing cellulose, starch and diatomite according to a mass ratio of 3:6:1;
(4) Ecological restoration: when organic matters in the river water body are degraded to a certain degree, namely a large number of protozoa, benthic animals and plankton appear in the water body, submerged plants are planted in the water body, wherein the submerged plants are the combination of three of black algae, bitter grass and gynura bicolor, and the planting density is 50 plants/m 2 Feeding omnivorous fishes, shellfishes and shrimps into the water body; 10-20 days after planting the submerged plants,an ecological floating bed is arranged on the coast of the river course, emergent aquatic plants are planted on the ecological floating bed, the emergent aquatic plants are the combination of reed, typha and allium fistulosum, and the planting density is 30 plants/m 2 The water surface coverage rate of the ecological floating bed is 30%, and the ecological floating bed is made of high-density polyethylene material; constructing a natural gentle slope revetment in a region from above a normal water line of a river to a land direction at the top of a revetment, and planting arbor-shrub vegetation, wherein the arbor-shrub vegetation is a combination of three kinds of salix psammophila, silk cotton and oleander, and the planting density is 10 plants/100 m 2 ；
(5) Maintenance management: the periodic manual inspection comprises the management of river water surfaces, aquatic animals, submerged plants, emergent aquatic plants and arbor and shrub vegetation, the scheduling of water resources and the monitoring of water quality.
The results of detecting the water quality index before the black and odorous river treatment, the water quality index after the treatment for 2 months, the water quality index after the treatment for 4 months, and the water quality index after the treatment for 6 months in the Guangxi region were shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 river course Water quality index
Example 4
A black and odorous river ecological restoration method comprises the following steps:
(1) Source control and sewage interception: discharging drain openings on two sides of a river channel, and intercepting sewage flowing into the river channel;
(2) And (3) treating bottom mud: a plurality of dams are arranged along the water flow direction of the river channel to divide the river channel, biological enzyme preparation particles are put into the river channel water bodies of the plurality of divisions to carry out biological decomposition, the biological enzyme preparation particles are particles prepared by mixing cellulase, xylanase and catalase according to the mass ratio of 2.5:1:1, and the adding amount of the biological enzyme preparation particles is 3g/m 2 After 15 days of biological decomposition, adding a flocculant into the water body, wherein the flocculant is prepared by mixing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyaluminium chloride, polymeric ferric sulfate silicate and activated carbon according to a mass ratio of 4:3:1:4The combination is that the adding amount of the flocculating agent is 20g/m 2 Standing for 26 days, and dredging the river channel;
(3) Purifying water: after dredging, adding a deodorant into the river channel water body, wherein the deodorant is formed by mixing green tea extract, licorice extract, perilla extract, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol according to the mass ratio of 1:0.8:2.5:1:0.3, and the adding amount of the deodorant is 5g/m 2 Meanwhile, a graphene photocatalytic net is additionally arranged on the surface of the center of the water body, and the black and odor removal treatment of the water body is carried out; 20 days after the deodorant is added, adding a microbial sewage treatment agent into the water body to degrade organic matters in the water body, wherein the adding amount is 15g/m 2 And adding the microbial sewage treatment agent again after 15 days; the microbial sewage treatment agent is prepared as follows: taking a composite bacterial liquid, a microbial nitrogen source and a biological carrier according to the mass ratio of 1:8:3, uniformly mixing the composite bacterial liquid and the microbial nitrogen source, culturing at 25 ℃, adding the biological carrier, uniformly stirring, and drying to obtain the microbial sewage treatment agent; the composite bacterial liquid is formed by mixing micrococcus luteus, rhizopus nigricans, bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria according to the mass ratio of 3:3:1:2; the microbial nitrogen source is formed by mixing fungus stick waste residue powder, glucose, peptone and water according to a mass ratio of 4:3:1:15; the biological carrier is formed by mixing cellulose, starch and diatomite according to a mass ratio of 2:5:1;
(4) Ecological restoration: when organic matters in the river water body are degraded to a certain degree, namely a large number of protozoa, benthonic animals and plankton appear in the water body, submerged plants are planted in the water body, wherein the submerged plants are the combination of three kinds of foxtail, water caltrop and gynura segetum, and the planting density is 45 plants/m 2 Feeding omnivorous fishes, shellfishes and shrimps into the water body; 10 days after planting submerged plants, arranging an ecological floating bed on the coast of a river channel, and planting emergent aquatic plants on the ecological floating bed, wherein the emergent aquatic plants are typha and allium fistulosum, and the planting density is 25 plants/m 2 The water surface coverage rate of the ecological floating bed is 25%, and the ecological floating bed is made of high-density polyethylene material; constructing natural gentle slope revetment in the area from above the normal water line to the top of the revetment, and planting arborThe arbor and shrub vegetation is the combination of three kinds of white poplar, willow and silk cotton tree, and the planting density is 8 plants/100 m 2 ；
(5) Maintenance management: the periodic manual inspection comprises the management of river water surfaces, aquatic animals, submerged plants, emergent aquatic plants and arbor and shrub vegetation, the scheduling of water resources and the monitoring of water quality.
The results of detecting the water quality index before the black and odorous river treatment, the water quality index after the treatment for 2 months, the water quality index after the treatment for 4 months, and the water quality index after the treatment for 6 months in the Guangxi region were shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 river course Water quality index
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The ecological restoration method for the black and odorous river channel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Source control and sewage interception: discharging drain openings on two sides of a river channel, and intercepting sewage flowing into the river channel;
(2) And (3) treating bottom mud: setting a plurality of dams along the water flow direction of the river channel to partition, putting biological enzyme preparation particles into the water body of the river channel in a plurality of partitions to carry out biological decomposition, putting flocculating agent into the water body after 12-15 days of biological decomposition, and dredging the river channel after standing for 20-30 days; the biological enzyme preparation particles are particles prepared by mixing cellulase, xylanase and catalase according to a mass ratio of 2-3:1:1, and the adding amount of the biological enzyme preparation particles is 1-3g/m 2 ；
(3) Purifying water: after dredging, adding deodorant into river water, and adding graphene light on the surface of the center of the waterA catalytic net for removing black and odor of the water body; adding the microbial sewage treatment agent into the water body 12-20 days after adding the deodorant, degrading organic matters in the water body, and adding the microbial sewage treatment agent again after 8-15 days; the deodorant is prepared by mixing green tea extract, licorice extract, perilla extract, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol according to a mass ratio of 1:0.5-0.8:2-3:0.5-1:0.3-0.8, wherein the adding amount of the deodorant is 3-5g/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The microbial sewage treatment agent is prepared as follows: taking a composite bacterial liquid, a microbial nitrogen source and a biological carrier according to the mass ratio of 1:6-8:3-5, uniformly mixing the composite bacterial liquid and the microbial nitrogen source, culturing at 24-26 ℃, adding the biological carrier, uniformly stirring, and drying to obtain the microbial sewage treatment agent; the adding amount of the microbial sewage treatment agent is 8-15g/m 2 ；
(4) Ecological restoration: when organic matters in the river water body are degraded to a certain degree, namely a large number of protozoa, benthonic animals and plankton appear in the water body, planting submerged plants in the water body, and throwing omnivorous fishes, shellfishes and shrimps into the water body; 10-20 days after planting submerged plants, arranging an ecological floating bed on the coast of a river channel, and planting emergent aquatic plants on the ecological floating bed, wherein the water surface coverage rate of the ecological floating bed is 25-30%; constructing a natural gentle slope revetment in a land area from the normal water line of the river to the top of the revetment, and planting arbor-shrub vegetation;
(5) Maintenance management: the periodic manual inspection comprises the management of river water surfaces, aquatic animals, submerged plants, emergent aquatic plants and arbor and shrub vegetation, the scheduling of water resources and the monitoring of water quality.
2. The black and odorous river ecological restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the composite bacterial liquid is formed by mixing micrococcus luteus, rhizopus nigricans, bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria according to a mass ratio of 3-5:2-4:1:1-2.
3. The black and odorous river ecological restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the microbial nitrogen source is formed by mixing fungus stick waste residue powder, glucose, peptone and water according to a mass ratio of 3-5:2-3:1:10-15.
4. The black and odorous river ecological restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the biological carrier is formed by mixing cellulose, starch and diatomite according to a mass ratio of 2-3:4-6:1.
5. The ecological restoration method for black and odorous river channels according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the flocculating agent is formed by mixing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyaluminium chloride, polymeric ferric sulfate silicate and active carbon according to a mass ratio of 3-5:1-3:1:4-6, and the adding amount of the flocculating agent is 15-20g/m 2 。
6. The ecological restoration method for black and odorous watercourse according to claim 1, wherein the submerged plants in the step (4) are any three of the combination of black algae, foxtail, potamogeton crispus, ku cao and kola-sedge, and the planting density is 35-50 plants/m 2 。
7. The ecological restoration method for black and odorous river channels according to claim 1, wherein the emergent aquatic plants in the step (4) are any two or more of reed, typha and allium giganteum, and the planting density is 20-30 plants/m 2 。
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