CN113261489A - Peanut planting method - Google Patents

Peanut planting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113261489A
CN113261489A CN202110615070.8A CN202110615070A CN113261489A CN 113261489 A CN113261489 A CN 113261489A CN 202110615070 A CN202110615070 A CN 202110615070A CN 113261489 A CN113261489 A CN 113261489A
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Prior art keywords
fertilizer
peanut
planting method
soil
management
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Inventor
司贤宗
张翔
李亮
索炎炎
李亚飞
程培军
范艺宽
何雷
徐敏
郝浩浩
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Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource Environmentof of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource Environmentof of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Priority to CN202110615070.8A priority Critical patent/CN113261489A/en
Publication of CN113261489A publication Critical patent/CN113261489A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/40Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a peanut planting method, which specifically comprises the following steps: (1) soil preparation and ridging; (2) fertilizing and seeding: ditching at a position 12.5cm away from the edge of the ridge surface, firstly applying a lower layer of fertilizer and covering soil, then applying an upper layer of fertilizer and covering soil, ditching, sowing and covering soil, and finally shaping a ridge body; (3) and (3) seedling emergence management: after the peanuts are sowed, sealing and weeding, watering to ensure seedling emergence, and breaking soil to assist seedling emergence; (4) topdressing management; (5) field management: during the growth period, the peanut is prevented and controlled from diseases, pests and weeds, and after the flowering period, a chemical control agent is sprayed, and watering and drainage are carried out in time to harvest in time. According to the method, through five steps of land preparation and ridging, fertilizing and seeding, seedling emergence management, topdressing management, field management and the like, sufficient nutrients are provided for the growth of the peanuts, the prevention and control effects of plant diseases and insect pests are achieved, the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests is prevented and reduced, and therefore the yield and the quality of the peanuts are guaranteed.

Description

Peanut planting method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a peanut planting method.
Background
Scientific fertilization and seeding can effectively improve the yield of crops, the quality of the crops, the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer and the ecological environment of farmlands.
The prior fertilizers have various varieties and different fertilizer properties, such as organic fertilizers and compound fertilizers urea, microbial fertilizers and compound fertilizers, and the fertilizers cannot be mixed together for application during fertilization, particularly the microbial fertilizers and the compound fertilizers cannot be mixed together even after fertilization, otherwise, the functions of the microbial fertilizers cannot be fully exerted; however, the existing fertilization method generally comprises the steps of broadcasting fertilizer on the surface of a plough layer, carrying out rotary tillage, uniformly mixing plough layer soil and the fertilizer, or applying the fertilizer between two rows of peanuts, so that the association degree of the fertilization and the space effectiveness of seeds is poor, the efficiency of the fertilizer cannot be fully exerted, and some nutrients cannot be fully absorbed by the root system of crops. The peanut seed is fertilized in layers, so that fertilizers with different properties and different types can fully exert the effect of the fertilizer, the root system grows downwards in the growth and development process of crops, the fertilizer moves towards the vertical lower part of the seeds under the action of rainfall, the growth of the root system and the spatial effectiveness of the fertilizer are well synchronized, the effect of the fertilizer can be fully exerted, and the high yield and high quality of the crops are promoted.
Therefore, how to provide a high-yield and high-efficiency fertilizing method for crops is a problem which needs to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a peanut planting method to solve the deficiencies in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a peanut planting method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation and ridging
The ridge surface is slightly arc-shaped, the width of the ridge surface is 45cm, the width of a furrow is 30cm, and the height of a ridge body is 18-20 cm;
(2) fertilizing and seeding
Ditching at a position 12.5cm away from the edge of the ridge surface, firstly applying a lower layer of fertilizer and covering soil, then applying an upper layer of fertilizer and covering soil, ditching, sowing and covering soil, and finally shaping a ridge body;
(3) management of emergence
After the peanuts are sowed, sealing and weeding, watering to ensure seedling emergence, and breaking soil to assist seedling emergence;
(4) top application management
Spraying a foliar fertilizer containing boron and zinc in a seedling stage, spraying a foliar fertilizer containing zinc, manganese and calcium in a pod bearing stage, spraying a foliar fertilizer containing zinc and potassium in a full fruit stage, and topdressing urea after a flowering phase;
(5) field management
During the growth period, the peanut is prevented and controlled from diseases, pests and weeds, and after the flowering period, a chemical control agent is sprayed, and watering and drainage are carried out in time to harvest in time.
Further, in the step (2), the distance between the upper-layer fertilizer and the lower-layer fertilizer is 3-5cm, the distance between the seeds and the upper-layer fertilizer is 3-7cm, and the distance between the seeds and the ridge surface is 3-5 cm.
According to the nature of the soil, the mobility of nutrients in the clay soil is poor, and the distance between an upper layer fertilizer and a lower layer fertilizer can be properly reduced; sandy soil has poor nutrient adsorption capacity and strong mobility, is easy to gather to peanut seeds along with water, causes damage to the peanut seeds, is not beneficial to peanut germination, and the distance between an upper layer fertilizer and a lower layer fertilizer is properly increased.
Further, in the step (2), the lower layer fertilizer is a compound fertilizer and a trace element fertilizer, and the upper layer fertilizer is a microbial fertilizer, a sterile fertilizer or a conditioner; or the lower layer fertilizer is organic fertilizer, and the upper layer fertilizer is compound fertilizer and microelement fertilizer.
The fertilizer is divided into the upper layer and the lower layer, so that additional fertilization is not needed, and the growth and development of plants are promoted.
Further, the seeding rate is 14-18 kg/mu.
According to the regional ecological environment conditions and the peanut variety characteristics, the reasonable fertilizing amount is determined, the recommended amount for seeding the small peanuts per mu is 14-16kg, and the recommended amount for seeding the big peanuts is 16-18 kg.
Further, in the step (4), the additional application amount of urea is 5.0-7.5 kg/mu.
The further technical scheme has the beneficial effects that the growth of peanut plants and the yield of peanuts are improved by applying the urea.
Further, in the step (5), the spraying period of the chemical control agent is when the height of the main stem of the peanut exceeds 35 cm; further, the chemical control agent is uniconazole.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that the vegetative growth of the peanuts can be controlled by spraying uniconazole.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, through five steps of land preparation and ridging, fertilizing and seeding, seedling emergence management, topdressing management, field management and the like, sufficient nutrients are provided for the growth of the peanuts, the prevention and control effects of plant diseases and insect pests are achieved, the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests is prevented and reduced, and therefore the yield and the quality of the peanuts are guaranteed.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The peanut planting method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation and ridging
The ridge surface is slightly arc-shaped, the width of the ridge surface is 45cm, the width of a furrow is 30cm, and the height of a ridge body is 18 cm;
(2) fertilizing and seeding
Ditching at a position 12.5cm away from the edge of the ridge surface, firstly applying a lower layer of fertilizer and covering soil, then applying an upper layer of fertilizer and covering soil, ditching, sowing and covering soil, and finally shaping a ridge body;
wherein the distance between the upper layer fertilizer and the lower layer fertilizer is 3cm, the distance between the seeds and the upper layer fertilizer is 7cm, and the distance between the seeds and the ridge surface is 5 cm; the lower layer fertilizer is a compound fertilizer and a trace element fertilizer, and the upper layer fertilizer is a bacterial fertilizer; the seeding rate is 13 kg/mu;
(3) management of emergence
After the peanuts are sowed, proper herbicides are selected in time to carry out closed weeding on the peanut field; checking the peanut emergence situation at any time, and when the precipitation of the peanuts is large after the peanuts are sowed and the ridge surface is easy to form a layer of hard shell, soil is crushed in time to assist the emergence of the seedlings; watering in time when the soil is changed into drought rapidly to ensure seedling emergence; generally, the peanut seedlings begin to emerge 7-10 days after the peanut seeding, and scientific management is needed during the emergence period to ensure that the seedlings are uniform and strong;
(4) top application management
Spraying foliar fertilizers containing boron and zinc in a seedling stage, spraying foliar fertilizers containing zinc, manganese and calcium in a pod bearing stage, spraying foliar fertilizers containing zinc and potassium in a full fruit stage, and topdressing 5.0 kg/mu of urea after a flowering phase;
(5) field management
The method is characterized in that the disease, insect and weed of peanuts are controlled during the growth period, uniconazole is sprayed when the height of the main stem of the peanuts exceeds 35cm after the flowering period, the peanuts are watered in time when the soil in the peanut field is dry, and the water is drained in time when the precipitation in the field is large and the water is stagnant, so that the peanuts are harvested in time.
Example 2
The peanut planting method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation and ridging
The ridge surface is slightly arc-shaped, the width of the ridge surface is 45cm, the width of a furrow is 30cm, and the height of a ridge body is 19 cm;
(2) fertilizing and seeding
Ditching at a position 12.5cm away from the edge of the ridge surface, firstly applying a lower layer of fertilizer and covering soil, then applying an upper layer of fertilizer and covering soil, ditching, sowing and covering soil, and finally shaping a ridge body;
wherein the distance between the upper layer fertilizer and the lower layer fertilizer is 5cm, the distance between the seeds and the upper layer fertilizer is 5cm, and the distance between the seeds and the ridge surface is 4 cm; the lower layer fertilizer is a compound fertilizer and a trace element fertilizer (granular, 40 kg/mu), and the upper layer fertilizer is a biological fertilizer (granular, 40 kg/mu); the seeding rate is 14 kg/mu;
(3) management of emergence
After the peanuts are sowed, proper herbicides are selected in time to carry out closed weeding on the peanut field; checking the peanut emergence situation at any time, and when the precipitation of the peanuts is large after the peanuts are sowed and the ridge surface is easy to form a layer of hard shell, soil is crushed in time to assist the emergence of the seedlings; watering in time when the soil is changed into drought rapidly to ensure seedling emergence; generally, the peanut seedlings begin to emerge 7-10 days after the peanut seeding, and scientific management is needed during the emergence period to ensure that the seedlings are uniform and strong;
(4) top application management
Spraying foliar fertilizers containing boron and zinc in a seedling stage, spraying foliar fertilizers containing zinc, manganese and calcium in a pod bearing stage, spraying foliar fertilizers containing zinc and potassium in a full fruit stage, and topdressing urea 6.0 kg/mu after a flowering phase;
(5) field management
The method is characterized in that the disease, insect and weed of peanuts are controlled during the growth period, uniconazole is sprayed when the height of the main stem of the peanuts exceeds 35cm after the flowering period, the peanuts are watered in time when the soil in the peanut field is dry, and the water is drained in time when the precipitation in the field is large and the water is stagnant, so that the peanuts are harvested in time.
Example 3
The peanut planting method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation and ridging
The ridge surface is slightly arc-shaped, the width of the ridge surface is 45cm, the width of a furrow is 30cm, and the height of a ridge body is 20 cm;
(2) fertilizing and seeding
Ditching at a position 12.5cm away from the edge of the ridge surface, firstly applying a lower layer of fertilizer and covering soil, then applying an upper layer of fertilizer and covering soil, ditching, sowing and covering soil, and finally shaping a ridge body;
wherein the distance between the upper layer fertilizer and the lower layer fertilizer is 5cm, the distance between the seeds and the upper layer fertilizer is 3cm, and the distance between the seeds and the ridge surface is 3 cm; the lower layer fertilizer is organic fertilizer, and the upper layer fertilizer is compound fertilizer and microelement fertilizer; the seeding rate is 15 kg/mu;
(3) management of emergence
After the peanuts are sowed, proper herbicides are selected in time to carry out closed weeding on the peanut field; checking the peanut emergence situation at any time, and when the precipitation of the peanuts is large after the peanuts are sowed and the ridge surface is easy to form a layer of hard shell, soil is crushed in time to assist the emergence of the seedlings; watering in time when the soil is changed into drought rapidly to ensure seedling emergence; generally, the peanut seedlings begin to emerge 7-10 days after the peanut seeding, and scientific management is needed during the emergence period to ensure that the seedlings are uniform and strong;
(4) top application management
Spraying foliar fertilizers containing boron and zinc in a seedling stage, spraying foliar fertilizers containing zinc, manganese and calcium in a pod bearing stage, spraying foliar fertilizers containing zinc and potassium in a full fruit stage, and topdressing 7.5 kg/mu of urea after a flowering phase;
(5) field management
The method is characterized in that the disease, insect and weed of peanuts are controlled during the growth period, uniconazole is sprayed when the height of the main stem of the peanuts exceeds 35cm after the flowering period, the peanuts are watered in time when the soil in the peanut field is dry, and the water is drained in time when the precipitation in the field is large and the water is stagnant, so that the peanuts are harvested in time.
Comparative example
The peanut planting method is only different from the example 2 in that the step (2) is as follows: after soil preparation, fertilizer is spread on the surface of the plough layer, rotary tillage is carried out, the fertilizer and the soil of the plough layer are mixed evenly, and peanuts are sowed in ridges.
Performance testing
The agronomic characteristics (main stem height, lateral branch length, branch number, full fruit number, blighted fruit number) and yield of the peanuts of the planting method of the example 2 and the comparative planting method are respectively counted, and the results are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 influence of example 2 and comparative examples on agronomic traits and yield of peanuts
Figure BDA0003097731490000061
As can be seen from table 1, the planting method of example 2 of the present invention can significantly improve the stem height, lateral branch length, branch number, plump number and yield of peanuts and reduce the number of blighted fruits, compared to the comparative example.
The tests show that the invention provides sufficient nutrients for the growth of the peanuts through five steps of land preparation and ridging, fertilizing and seeding, seedling emergence management, additional fertilization management, field management and the like, and simultaneously plays a role in preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, prevents and reduces the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests, thereby ensuring the yield and the quality of the peanuts.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. The peanut planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) soil preparation and ridging
The ridge surface is slightly arc-shaped, the width of the ridge surface is 45cm, the width of a furrow is 30cm, and the height of a ridge body is 18-20 cm;
(2) fertilizing and seeding
Ditching at a position 12.5cm away from the edge of the ridge surface, firstly applying a lower layer of fertilizer and covering soil, then applying an upper layer of fertilizer and covering soil, ditching, sowing and covering soil, and finally shaping a ridge body;
(3) management of emergence
After the peanuts are sowed, sealing and weeding, watering to ensure seedling emergence, and breaking soil to assist seedling emergence;
(4) top application management
Spraying a foliar fertilizer containing boron and zinc in a seedling stage, spraying a foliar fertilizer containing zinc, manganese and calcium in a pod bearing stage, spraying a foliar fertilizer containing zinc and potassium in a full fruit stage, and topdressing urea after a flowering phase;
(5) field management
During the growth period, the peanut is prevented and controlled from diseases, pests and weeds, and after the flowering period, a chemical control agent is sprayed, and watering and drainage are carried out in time to harvest in time.
2. A peanut planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), the distance between the upper layer of fertilizer and the lower layer of fertilizer is 3-5 cm.
3. A peanut planting method as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step (2), the distance between the seed and the upper fertilizer is 3-7 cm.
4. A peanut planting method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step (2), the distance between the seeds and the ridge surface is 3-5 cm.
5. A peanut planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), the lower layer fertilizer is a compound fertilizer and a trace element fertilizer, and the upper layer fertilizer is a microbial fertilizer, a sterile fertilizer or a conditioner.
6. A peanut planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), the lower layer fertilizer is organic fertilizer, and the upper layer fertilizer is compound fertilizer and microelement fertilizer.
7. A peanut planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), said seeding rate is 14-18 kg/mu.
8. A peanut planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (4), the urea is applied in an amount of 5.0-7.5 kg/acre.
9. A peanut planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (5), said chemical control agent is sprayed for a period of time when the height of the main stem of the peanut exceeds 35 cm.
10. A peanut planting method as claimed in claim 1 or 9, wherein in step (5), said chemical control agent is uniconazole.
CN202110615070.8A 2021-06-02 2021-06-02 Peanut planting method Pending CN113261489A (en)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AR052512A1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2007-03-21 Alberto Oscar Choulet AGRICULTURAL MACHINE SUITABLE FOR CROPS INTERSIEMBRA
CN103819266A (en) * 2014-01-28 2014-05-28 广西喷施宝股份有限公司 Three-dimensional fertilizer applying method for crops
CN104885738A (en) * 2015-05-14 2015-09-09 重庆杨祝食品有限公司 Layered fertilization cultivation method of annual agricultural economic crops
CN107683739A (en) * 2017-09-19 2018-02-13 界首市金灵种植专业合作社 A kind of method of sand grape high-yield cultivation
CN109379959A (en) * 2018-11-12 2019-02-26 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 Accurate fertilization technology for peanuts
CN110692474A (en) * 2019-09-10 2020-01-17 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 Peanut seed fertilizer simultaneous sowing method
CN110915594A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-03-27 镇宁自治县惠群绿色农业综合开发有限公司 Planting method of black peanuts

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AR052512A1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2007-03-21 Alberto Oscar Choulet AGRICULTURAL MACHINE SUITABLE FOR CROPS INTERSIEMBRA
CN103819266A (en) * 2014-01-28 2014-05-28 广西喷施宝股份有限公司 Three-dimensional fertilizer applying method for crops
CN104885738A (en) * 2015-05-14 2015-09-09 重庆杨祝食品有限公司 Layered fertilization cultivation method of annual agricultural economic crops
CN107683739A (en) * 2017-09-19 2018-02-13 界首市金灵种植专业合作社 A kind of method of sand grape high-yield cultivation
CN109379959A (en) * 2018-11-12 2019-02-26 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 Accurate fertilization technology for peanuts
CN110692474A (en) * 2019-09-10 2020-01-17 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 Peanut seed fertilizer simultaneous sowing method
CN110915594A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-03-27 镇宁自治县惠群绿色农业综合开发有限公司 Planting method of black peanuts

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