CN113243271A - High-efficiency cultivation method for Tibet inula root in arid plateau region - Google Patents

High-efficiency cultivation method for Tibet inula root in arid plateau region Download PDF

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CN113243271A
CN113243271A CN202110656513.8A CN202110656513A CN113243271A CN 113243271 A CN113243271 A CN 113243271A CN 202110656513 A CN202110656513 A CN 202110656513A CN 113243271 A CN113243271 A CN 113243271A
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arid
tibet inula
ridge
planting
hole
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白玛玉珍
杨斌
欧珠
土旦吉热
卢伟龙
李淑萍
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VEGETABLE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TIBET ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY SCIENCES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06Coating or dressing seed
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0268Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation in a plateau arid region, and provides a high-efficiency cultivation method of Tibet inula root in the plateau arid region, which comprises the following steps: selecting and processing rhizome, selecting land, preparing land, covering cloth, sowing, managing in field and harvesting. By combining the germination accelerating treatment, ridge culture, covering and optimal planting density screening of the rhizome, the yield per unit area is improved, the average yield per mu is increased by 3 times compared with the yield of the conventional planting method, the labor cost is greatly reduced, and the production period is shortened.

Description

High-efficiency cultivation method for Tibet inula root in arid plateau region
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation in a plateau arid region, in particular to a method for cultivating Tibet inula root in a plateau arid region.
Background
Tibet Inula root, also called Inula racemosa hook, is one of the commonly used Tibetan medicinal materials, and is recorded in Tibet plant record and Chinese plant record as perennial herb. The product is rich in civil incense powder, and can be used for invigorating stomach, promoting urination, eliminating phlegm, and expelling parasites.
Modern researches find that the Tibetan radix aucklandiae has aromatic and rich smell and has the effects of invigorating stomach, promoting digestion, regulating qi, relieving depression, relieving pain and the like. The alantolactone and isoalantolactone are main active ingredients of Tibetan radix aucklandiae, have obvious anti-inflammatory and liver protection activities, can inhibit the infection of human type tubercle bacillus, and can also eliminate active oxygen free radicals. The flavonoid compounds and the polyphenol are common active ingredients, have good effects in aspects of oxidation resistance, tumor resistance, virus resistance, blood fat regulation, blood sugar reduction and the like, and can be directly applied to food as a food additive or developed into functional food as the active ingredients. Therefore, the planting area of Tibet inula in each region of Tibet is continuously enlarged, but the planting technology is backward, the labor cost is high, the yield is low, and the benefit is not obvious.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an efficient cultivation method of Tibet inula root in a plateau arid region, which reduces labor cost, improves yield per unit area and shortens production period.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a high-efficiency cultivation method of Tibet inula root in a plateau arid region, which comprises the following steps:
(1) rhizome selection and treatment: cutting the rootstock into pieces and reserving seeds;
(2) selecting land: selecting sandy soil in a mountainous area with the altitude of 1800-4000 m as a planting field;
(3) land preparation: applying farmyard manure or decomposed cattle and sheep manure to a planting field, turning and burying the farmyard manure or the decomposed cattle and sheep manure in soil as base fertilizer, and ridging;
(4) cloth covering: covering ground cloth on the ridge surface and the ridge side surface, and reserving gaps in the ditch;
(5) sowing: planting in late 3-5 months, perforating on the covered ridge surface, taking out soil in the hole, planting the remained root and stem buds upwards in the hole, covering the taken-out soil on the hole, compacting, and watering thoroughly;
if the roots and stems of the reserved seeds form spores, the seeds are mixed with plant ash and then planted in the holes;
if the roots and stems of the reserved seeds do not form spores, sand storage treatment is needed, then plant ash seed dressing is carried out, and the seeds are planted in the holes;
(6) field management and harvesting: when the seedlings grow to 9-11 cm high, weeding is carried out once, in the seedling emergence period of the second year, irrigation and watering are carried out once, and harvesting can be carried out in autumn.
Preferably, the rhizome selection and treatment is performed by cutting 1 to 4 bud eyes as a unit.
Preferably, the sand storage treatment specific mode is as follows: and storing rhizomes which do not form spores in sand for 5-12 days in an environment with the daily temperature of 10-25 ℃ and the night temperature of more than 0 ℃, and avoiding rain and waterlogging during treatment until the spores are enlarged and dug out.
Preferably, in the rhizome seed dressing treatment process, the volume ratio of the plant ash to the rhizome is 0.5-1.5: 9.5-10.5.
Preferably, sandy soil in mountainous areas with elevation of 3800-3900 m is selected as planting land.
Preferably, 2000-3500 kg of farmyard manure or decomposed cattle and sheep manure is applied to each mu of planting land.
Preferably, the width of the ridge bottom of the ridge is 50-70 cm, the width of the furrow is 20-30 cm, and the height of the ridge is 15-25 cm.
Preferably, the ground fabric is polyethylene ground fabric, the width of the ground fabric is 120-150 cm, and the thickness of the ground fabric is 80-90 g/m3
Preferably, the ridge surface of the covering cloth is perforated, the aperture is 5-7 cm, the pitch is 45-55 cm multiplied by 45-55 cm, and the hole depth is 6-10 cm.
Preferably, 1-2 rootstocks are planted in each hole.
The invention provides a high-efficiency cultivation method of Tibet inula root in a drought plateau area, which greatly reduces labor cost, improves yield in unit area and shortens production period by combining germination accelerating treatment, ridge culture, covering and optimal planting density screening of roots and stems.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the growth of Tibet inula root in the flowering phase of example 2
FIG. 2 shows the root growth of Tibet inula root in harvest stage of example 2
FIG. 3 is a comparison of the flowering phase growth of example 2 and comparative example 1 (experimental field of example 2 on the left and experimental field of comparative example 1 on the right)
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the comparison between the harvest time of example 2 and that of comparative example 1 (experimental field of example 2 on the left side and experimental field of comparative example 1 on the right side)
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the comparison of root growth in example 2 with that in comparative example 1 (experimental field in example 2 on the left side and experimental field in comparative example 1 on the right side)
Detailed Description
The invention provides a high-efficiency cultivation method of Tibet inula root in a plateau arid region, which comprises the following steps:
(1) rhizome selection and treatment: cutting the rootstock into pieces and reserving seeds;
(2) selecting land: selecting sandy soil in a mountainous area with the altitude of 1800-4000 m as a planting field;
(3) land preparation: applying farmyard manure or decomposed cattle and sheep manure to a planting field, turning and burying the farmyard manure or the decomposed cattle and sheep manure in soil as base fertilizer, and ridging;
(4) cloth covering: covering ground cloth on the ridge surface and the ridge side surface, and reserving gaps in the ditch;
(5) sowing: punching holes on the covered ridge surface from late 3 months to early 5 months, extracting soil in the holes, planting the reserved rootstock buds upwards in the holes, covering the extracted soil on the holes, compacting, and watering thoroughly;
if the roots and stems of the reserved seeds form spores, the seeds are mixed with plant ash and then planted in the holes;
if the roots and stems of the reserved seeds do not form spores, sand storage treatment is needed, then plant ash seed dressing is carried out, and the seeds are planted in the holes;
(6) field management and harvesting: when the seedlings grow to 9-11 cm high, weeding is carried out once, in the seedling emergence period of the second year, irrigation and watering are carried out once, and harvesting can be carried out in autumn.
In the present invention, in the rhizome selection and treatment process, the cutting is preferably performed on a 1-4 bud-eye basis, more preferably on a 2-3 bud-eye basis, and still more preferably on a 2 bud-eye basis.
In the sand storage treatment process, the daily temperature is preferably 10-25 ℃, the daily temperature is more preferably 15-20 ℃, and the daily temperature is more preferably 17-19 ℃.
In the present invention, the sand storage treatment time is preferably 5 to 12 days, more preferably 7 to 10 days, and still more preferably 8 days.
In the invention, in the rhizome seed dressing treatment process, the volume ratio of the plant ash to the rhizome is preferably 0.5-1.5: 9.5-10.5, and more preferably 1: 10.
In the invention, sandy soil in a mountain area with an altitude of 3800-3900 m is preferably used as a planting field, and a mountain area with an altitude of 3860m is further preferably used.
In the invention, the application of farmyard manure or decomposed cattle and sheep manure per mu of planting field is preferably 2000-3500 kg, more preferably 2500-3000 kg, and even more preferably 2750 kg.
In the invention, the width of the bottom of the ridge is preferably 50-70 cm, more preferably 55-65 cm, and even more preferably 60 cm; the furrow width is preferably 20-30 cm, more preferably 22-27 cm, and more preferably 25 cm; the ridge height is preferably 15-25 cm, more preferably 18-23 cm, and even more preferably 20 cm.
In the invention, the ground fabric is preferably polyethylene ground fabric, the width of the ground fabric is 120-150 cm, and the thickness of the ground fabric is 80-90 g/m3More preferably, the width is 120cm or 150cm and the thickness is 90g/m3
In the invention, holes are punched on the ridge surface of the covering cloth, the aperture is preferably 5-7 cm, the aperture is more preferably 5.5-6.5 cm, and the aperture is more preferably 6 cm.
In the invention, holes are punched on the ridge surface of the covering cloth, the hole pitch is preferably 45-55 cm multiplied by 45-55 cm, more preferably 48-52 cm multiplied by 48-52 cm, and even more preferably 50cm multiplied by 50 cm.
In the invention, holes are punched on the ridge surface of the covering cloth, the hole depth is preferably 6-10 cm, the hole depth is more preferably 7-9 cm, and the hole depth is more preferably 8 cm.
In the present invention, the number of roots planted in each hole is preferably 1 to 2, and more preferably 1.
In the present invention, the time of the weeding treatment is preferably 9 to 11cm high for seedlings, and more preferably 10cm high for seedlings.
The method for efficiently cultivating Tibet inula in arid plateau areas provided by the invention is described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the method should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A method for efficiently cultivating Tibet inula in arid plateau areas comprises cutting the rhizome of Tibet inula to reserve seeds when harvesting the Tibet inula, wherein the rhizome is required to be cut into pieces by taking 1 bud as a unit, and the Tibet inula has no diseases, insect pests, bud damage and rotten root. Selecting mountain sandy soil with the altitude of 1800m as a planting field, applying 2000kg of farmyard manure, turning and burying the farmland as a base fertilizer, and then ridging, wherein the width of the bottom of each ridge is 50cm, the width of each furrow is 20cm, and the height of each ridge is 15 cm. The width is 120cm and the thickness is 80g/m3Ground cloth is covered on the ridge surface and the ridge side surface, a gap is reserved in the ditch, holes are punched on the covered ridge surface, the hole diameter is 5cm, the hole distance is 45cm multiplied by 45cm, and the hole depth is 6 cm. Carrying out seed dressing treatment on the seed-reserving rootstocks with spores and the plant ash in a volume ratio of 9.5:0.5, carrying out sand storage treatment on the seed-reserving rootstocks without spores in an environment with a daily temperature of 10-25 ℃ and a night temperature of more than 0 ℃, carrying out sand storage for 5 days, sheltering from rain and preventing waterlogging during treatment, digging out the spores when the spores are expanded, and carrying out plant ash seed dressing treatment. And in the period from 20 days in 3 months to 27 days in 3 months, uniformly planting the rootstocks in the holes with the buds facing upwards, covering the extracted soil on the holes for compacting, and watering thoroughly. When the seedlings grow to 9cm high, weeding is carried out once, in the seedling emergence period of the second year, irrigation and water permeation are carried out once, and harvesting is carried out in autumn.
Example 2
An efficient culture method of Tibetan radix aucklandiae in arid plateau region comprises cutting rhizome of Tibetan radix aucklandiae to reserve seed, and requiring that the rhizome has 2 bud eyesIs cut into blocks, and has no plant diseases, insect pests, bud damage and root rot. Selecting mountain sandy soil with the altitude of 3860m as a planting field, applying 2750kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure, turning and burying the manure in soil as a base fertilizer, and then forming ridges, wherein the ridge bottom is 60cm in width, the ridge furrow is 25cm in width, and the ridge height is 20 cm. The width is 150cm and the thickness is 90g/m3The ground cloth is covered on the ridge surface and the ridge side surface, a gap is reserved in the ditch, holes are punched on the covered ridge surface, the aperture is 6cm, the hole distance is 50cm multiplied by 50cm, and the hole depth is 8 cm. Carrying out seed dressing treatment on the seed-reserving rootstocks with the formed spores and the plant ash according to the volume ratio of 10:1, carrying out sand storage treatment on the seed-reserving rootstocks without the formed spores in the environment with the daily temperature of 10-25 ℃ and the night temperature of more than 0 ℃, carrying out sand storage for 8 days, sheltering from rain and preventing waterlogging during treatment, digging out the spores when the spores are expanded, and then carrying out seed dressing treatment on the plant ash. And uniformly planting the roots and stems in the holes with the buds facing upwards and 1 root and stem in each hole in 4-5-4-12 days, covering the extracted soil on the holes, compacting, and watering thoroughly. When the seedlings grow to 10cm high, weeding is carried out once, in the seedling emergence period of the second year, irrigation and water permeation are carried out once, and harvesting is carried out in autumn.
Example 3
A method for efficiently cultivating Tibet inula in arid plateau areas comprises cutting the rhizome of Tibet inula to reserve seeds when harvesting the Tibet inula, and cutting the rhizome into blocks with 4 bud eyes as a unit without diseases, insect pests, bud damage and root rot. Selecting mountain sandy soil with the altitude of 4000m as a planting field, applying 3500kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure, turning and burying the manure in soil as a base fertilizer, and then ridging, wherein the width of the bottom of each ridge is 70cm, the width of each furrow is 30cm, and the height of each ridge is 25 cm. The width is 150cm, the thickness is 85g/m3The ground cloth is covered on the ridge surface and the ridge side surface, a gap is reserved in the ditch, holes are punched on the covered ridge surface, the aperture is 7cm, the hole distance is 55cm multiplied by 55cm, and the hole depth is 10 cm. Carrying out seed dressing treatment on the seed-reserving rootstocks with spores formed and the plant ash according to the volume ratio of 11.5:1.5, carrying out sand storage treatment on the seed-reserving rootstocks without spores formed in the environment with the daily temperature of 10-25 ℃ and the night temperature of more than 0 ℃, carrying out sand storage for 12 days, sheltering from rain and preventing waterlogging during treatment, digging out the spores when the spores are expanded, and then carrying out seed dressing treatment on the plant ash. And uniformly planting the rootstocks in the holes with the buds facing upwards and 1 rootstock in each hole in 4-25-5-2 days, covering the extracted soil on the holes, compacting, and watering thoroughly. Weeding once when the seedlings grow to 11cm high, and emergence of seedlings in the second yearIn the period, irrigation is carried out once and water is permeated, and harvesting is carried out in autumn.
Comparative example 1
The method is characterized in that a conventional Tibetan costus cultivation method is adopted, roots and stems of Tibetan costus are cut into blocks, furrowing, sowing and earthing are directly carried out, and Tibetan costus is cultivated and planted.
The method of example 2 and comparative example 1 were followed, and the statistics of the growth of Tibet inula root are shown in Table 1. FIGS. 1 and 2 show the flowering-stage growth and root-stage growth of Tibet inula root in example 2. FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 are graphs comparing the growth of flowering stage, growth of harvesting stage and growth of root at harvesting stage of example 2 and comparative example 1, respectively (the experimental field of example 2 on the left and the experimental field of comparative example 1 on the right).
TABLE 1 comparison of high-ridge cloth-covering planting and conventional planting of Tibet inula in high-altitude areas
Figure BDA0003113077180000061
TABLE 2 comparison of labor input for high-ridge cloth-covering planting of Tibet inula in high-altitude areas with conventional planting
Figure BDA0003113077180000062
The above examples show that seedlings obtained by the conventional Tibet inula root cultivation technology have inconsistent seedling emergence, high labor cost for removing grass and low yield. The invention provides a high-efficiency cultivation method of Tibet inula in arid plateau areas, which improves the yield per unit area by combining the germination accelerating treatment, ridge culture, covering and screening of the optimal planting density of roots and stems, increases the yield by 3 times compared with the conventional planting method on average per mu, greatly reduces the labor cost and shortens the production period.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An efficient cultivation method of Tibet inula root in arid plateau areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) rhizome selection and treatment: cutting the rootstock into pieces and reserving seeds;
(2) selecting land: selecting sandy soil in a mountainous area with the altitude of 1800-4000 m as a planting field;
(3) land preparation: applying farmyard manure or decomposed cattle and sheep manure to a planting field, turning and burying the farmyard manure or the decomposed cattle and sheep manure in soil as base fertilizer, and ridging;
(4) cloth covering: covering ground cloth on the ridge surface and the ridge side surface, and reserving gaps in the ditch;
(5) sowing: planting in late 3-5 months, perforating on the covered ridge surface, taking out soil in the hole, planting the remained root and stem buds upwards in the hole, covering the taken-out soil on the hole, compacting, and watering thoroughly;
if the roots and stems of the reserved seeds form spores, the seeds are mixed with plant ash and then planted in the holes;
if the roots and stems of the reserved seeds do not form spores, sand storage treatment is needed, then plant ash seed dressing is carried out, and the seeds are planted in the holes;
(6) field management and harvesting: when the seedlings grow to 9-11 cm high, weeding is carried out once, and in the seedling emergence period of the second year, irrigation and watering are carried out once, so that the seedlings can be harvested in autumn.
2. The method for efficiently cultivating Tibet inula in arid plateau areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rhizome selection and processing is performed by cutting into pieces with 1-4 bud eyes as a unit.
3. The method for efficiently cultivating Tibet inula root in arid plateau areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sand storage treatment is carried out in a specific manner: and storing rhizomes which do not form spores in sand for 5-12 days in an environment with the daily temperature of 10-25 ℃ and the night temperature of more than 0 ℃, and avoiding rain and waterlogging during treatment until the spores are enlarged and dug out.
4. The method for efficiently cultivating Tibet inula in arid plateau areas according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the volume ratio of plant ash to roots is 0.5-1.5: 9.5-10.5 in the seed dressing treatment of the roots.
5. The method for efficiently cultivating Tibet inula in arid plateau areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein sandy soil in mountainous areas with elevation of 3800-3900 m is selected as planting land.
6. The method for efficiently cultivating Tibet inula in arid plateau areas as claimed in claim 5, wherein 2000-3500 kg of farmyard manure or decomposed cattle and sheep manure is applied to each mu of planting land.
7. The method for efficiently cultivating Tibet inula in arid plateau areas as claimed in claim 6, wherein the width of ridge bottom of the ridge is 50-70 cm, the width of furrow is 20-30 cm, and the height of ridge is 15-25 cm.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the ground fabric is polyethylene ground fabric with a width of 120-150 cm and a thickness of 80-90 g/m3
9. The method for efficiently cultivating Tibet inula in arid plateau areas as claimed in claim 8, wherein the ridge surface covered with the cloth is perforated with a hole diameter of 5-7 cm, a hole pitch of 45-55 cm x 45-55 cm and a hole depth of 6-10 cm.
10. The method for efficiently cultivating Tibet inula in arid plateau areas as claimed in claim 9, wherein 1-2 rhizomes are planted in each hole.
CN202110656513.8A 2021-06-11 2021-06-11 High-efficiency cultivation method for Tibet inula root in arid plateau region Pending CN113243271A (en)

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Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN105009856A (en) * 2014-04-29 2015-11-04 朵德祥 Inula racemosa planting method
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101779564A (en) * 2010-03-08 2010-07-21 丽江华利生物开发药业有限公司 Integrated control method of radix saussureae lappae root riot
CN101785397A (en) * 2010-03-08 2010-07-28 丽江华利生物开发药业有限公司 High-quality and high-yield cultivation method for aucklandia lappa decne
CN105009856A (en) * 2014-04-29 2015-11-04 朵德祥 Inula racemosa planting method
CN107801548A (en) * 2017-10-30 2018-03-16 红河鑫润生物技术开发有限公司 A kind of method for planting suspension culture of Aquilaria sinensis production agalloch eaglewood

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Title
陈灼;甘玉伟;杨勇;旦智草;: "藏药藏木香的人工栽培试验", 甘肃科技纵横, no. 03, pages 187 *
韩生录;: "高寒地区种植藏木香的生物学特性、栽培管理及病虫害防治", 陕西农业科学, no. 04, pages 229 *

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