CN113238480A - Parameterized regulating and controlling system and method for metal cutting machining cooling gas jet - Google Patents
Parameterized regulating and controlling system and method for metal cutting machining cooling gas jet Download PDFInfo
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- CN113238480A CN113238480A CN202110533991.XA CN202110533991A CN113238480A CN 113238480 A CN113238480 A CN 113238480A CN 202110533991 A CN202110533991 A CN 202110533991A CN 113238480 A CN113238480 A CN 113238480A
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B11/00—Automatic controllers
- G05B11/01—Automatic controllers electric
- G05B11/36—Automatic controllers electric with provision for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral, differential
- G05B11/42—Automatic controllers electric with provision for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral, differential for obtaining a characteristic which is both proportional and time-dependent, e.g. P. I., P. I. D.
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Abstract
The invention discloses a parameterization regulation and control system and a parameterization regulation and control method for cooling gas jet flow in metal cutting machining. The electric sliding table is fixed at a proper position of a machine tool, and the infrared temperature sensor is used for monitoring the temperature of a certain point position on a workpiece in real time so as to reflect the heat exchange effect; when environmental factors, gas supply factors, process factors, machine tool factors and the like change, the PID controller compares the temperature measured value with an expected value by combining the established parameterized model, and the feedback control of the temperature is realized. The invention regulates the pressure of the cooling gas before entering the nozzle by introducing the pressure-stabilizing constant value valve, and introduces the mass flow controller to regulate the instantaneous mass flow of the cooling gas at the inlet of the nozzle according to different cutting environments and conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automatic regulation and control for realizing optimization of cooling of a cutting area in a cutting process of metal; the system and the method ensure that the temperature of a certain point position of a workpiece is controllable during cutting processing, so that the temperature reaches the temperature expected by process requirements, indirectly evaluate the cooling effect and realize closed-loop feedback control and automatic regulation of the temperature.
Background
When metal cutting machining is carried out, cooling and lubricating are needed to be carried out on a cutter and a cutting area so as to achieve the purposes of prolonging the service life of the cutter, ensuring the machining quality, improving the machining efficiency and the like.
According to different cooling modes, metal cutting can be divided into: dry cutting, cast cutting, cold air cutting, minimal quantity lubrication cutting, carbon dioxide low temperature cooling cutting, nitrogen cooling cutting and the like.
In addition to dry cutting and cast cutting, in a cooling mode using compressed gas as a carrier, due to lack of evaluation and automatic regulation and control of cooling capacity of the cooling gas, the problem of insufficient cooling capacity or overcooling is easy to occur under the influence of factors such as process parameter change, gas pressure fluctuation, environmental temperature change and the like, and further, the thermal deformation capacity of a workpiece is large, the surface processing quality of the workpiece is poor, the service life of a cutter is poor and the like.
When compressed gas is used for cooling, the nozzle position has a significant effect on the cooling effect. When metal cutting machining is carried out, due to the influence of external environmental factors, gas supply factors, process factors, machine tool factors and the like, gas thermophysical parameters and the distance between a nozzle and a cutting area need to be adjusted frequently under an ideal condition so as to ensure that the heat exchange effect of gas reaches the best. Until now, when using external cooling type gas cooling equipment, operators usually adjust the distance between the nozzle and the cutting area through trial machining or experience manually, the method has low efficiency and is difficult to carry out parametric quantitative adjustment, the cutting cooling effect cannot be optimized, and the surface of a part with high quality is difficult to obtain. In order to reduce or eliminate the influence of disturbance factors on the whole cutting process, the nozzle can be automatically adjusted on line according to the change of external factors so as to ensure that the cold zone effect of a cutting zone is optimal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art, and provides a cooling gas jet parameterization regulation and control system and a method for metal cutting processing aiming at a gas cooling technology, so that the distance between a nozzle and a cutting area can be adjusted on line, the temperature of a certain point position on a workpiece can reach a desired value and tend to be stable, a better cooling effect is achieved, and the surface quality of the part can be improved.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
the invention relates to a parameterization regulation and control system for metal cutting processing cooling gas jet, which is characterized by comprising the following components: the device comprises a computer PID control system, an electric sliding table, a pressure stabilizing fixed value valve, a mass flow controller, a nozzle, an infrared temperature sensor, an adjustable nozzle bracket and an adjustable infrared temperature sensor bracket;
the voltage-stabilizing fixed valve and the mass flow controller are respectively fixed on the upper table surface of the electric sliding table through bolts; the adjustable nozzle support is characterized in that a U-shaped nozzle support is arranged at the fixed end of the nozzle support, a nozzle clamping sleeve is rotatably connected in the middle of the U-shaped nozzle support, and the nozzle is fixedly arranged on the nozzle clamping sleeve; the adjustable infrared temperature sensor support is characterized in that a U-shaped infrared temperature sensor support is arranged at the fixed end of the support, an infrared temperature sensor clamping sleeve is rotatably connected in the middle of the U-shaped infrared temperature sensor support, and the infrared temperature sensor is fixedly arranged on the infrared temperature sensor clamping sleeve;
the cooling gas is connected with the inlet end of the pressure stabilizing fixed valve through a pipeline;
the outlet of the pressure stabilizing fixed valve is connected with the air inlet end of the mass flow controller through a pipeline;
the outlet of the mass flow controller is directly connected with the inlet of the nozzle through a pipeline;
and the computer PID control system is respectively connected with the electric sliding table and the infrared temperature sensor.
The invention relates to a regulation and control method of a parameterized regulation and control system for metal cutting machining cooling gas jet, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, fixedly installing the bottom of the electric sliding table at a proper position of a machine tool;
step 2, constructing a thermodynamic model inside the nozzle in a computer PID control system;
step 3, adjusting the relative angle between the U-shaped nozzle support and the fixed end of the nozzle support and the relative angle between the nozzle clamping sleeve and the U-shaped nozzle support to enable the nozzle to be right opposite to the cutting area;
step 4, adjusting the relative angle between the U-shaped infrared temperature sensor support and the fixed end of the infrared temperature sensor support and the relative angle between the infrared temperature sensor clamping sleeve and the infrared temperature sensor support, so that the infrared temperature sensor is right opposite to a certain point position to be measured on a workpiece;
step 5, according to the mass flow of the fluid at the outlet of the nozzle required by the process
Enthalpy H2And temperature T2And calculating the pressure requirement p of the fluid at the inlet of the nozzle by combining a thermodynamic model in the nozzle1And mass flow demand value
6, when the cooling gas passes through the pressure stabilizing and constant value valve, according to the fluid pressure requirement value p at the inlet of the nozzle1The cooling gas is adjusted to stabilize the fluid pressure at the nozzle inlet at a desired value p1Nearby to eliminate pressure fluctuations;
and 7, when the cooling gas passes through the mass flow controller, according to the fluid mass flow demand value at the inlet of the nozzle
The cooling gas is adjusted to stabilize the mass flow of the fluid at the nozzle inlet at a desired value
Nearby to eliminate mass flow fluctuations;
9, the cooling gas passes through the outlet of the nozzle and is sprayed to a cutting area, and the temperature T of a certain point on the workpiece is measured for the ith time by an infrared temperature sensori；
And step 12, assigning the value of i +1 to i, and returning to the step 9.
The regulation and control method is also characterized in that the nozzle internal thermodynamic model in the step 2 is established according to the following process:
if the pressure p of the fluid at the inlet is1Satisfies the formula (1), and the temperature T at the outlet of the nozzle is known according to the process requirements2Instantaneous flow rate
And enthalpy H2The required value is obtained by combining the equations (2), (3) and (4) to obtain the pressure p of the cooling gas at the inlet of the nozzle1And mass flow rate
The value of (c):
in the formulae (1) to (4), c1For the flow velocity, eta, of the cooling gas at the nozzle inletnoFor nozzle efficiency, patmIs the local atmospheric pressure, A1Is the internal cross-sectional area at the outlet of the nozzle, k is the specific heat ratio, R is the gas constant, cpFor cooling the constant-pressure specific heat capacity of the gas, T1Is the temperature of the cooling gas at the nozzle inlet;
if the pressure p of the fluid at the inlet is1Satisfies the formula (5), and the temperature T at the outlet of the nozzle is known according to the process requirements2Instantaneous flow rate
And enthalpy H2The pressure p of the cooling gas at the nozzle inlet is obtained by combining the equations (6), (7), (8) and (9)1And mass flow rate
The value of (c):
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, a certain relation can be established between the cooling gas at the inlet of the nozzle and the cooling gas at the outlet of the nozzle by establishing a thermodynamic model in the nozzle. According to the parameters of the cooling gas at the nozzle outlet required by the process, and then by combining the thermodynamic model through a computer PID control system, the pressure requirement value p of the cooling gas at the nozzle inlet can be calculated1And mass flow demand value
The pressure and the mass flow of the fluid at the inlet of the nozzle are adjusted by introducing the pressure-stabilizing constant value valve and the mass flow controller, so that the fluid is stabilized near a required value, the fluctuation of the pressure and the mass flow caused by the influence of the front end on the cooling gas is reduced, the stability of the parameters of the cooling gas at the inlet of the nozzle is improved, the influence of equipment at the front end of the nozzle on a jet flow field is further reduced, and the stability of the jet flow field is improved;
2. the invention introduces an infrared temperature sensor to realize on-line monitoring on the temperature of a certain point on a workpiece during processing, indirectly evaluates the cooling effect of a cutting area by using the temperature, realizes closed-loop feedback control on the temperature by a PID control system, and realizes closed-loop control on the cooling effect of the cutting area; the automatic adjustment of the effect distance between the nozzle and the cutting area is realized according to different cooling effects, so that the temperature of a certain point position on a workpiece is ensured to reach a desired value and tend to be stable, and the self-feedback adjustment of the cooling effect is realized;
3. the invention monitors the temperature of a certain point position on a workpiece on line through the infrared temperature sensor, transmits the signal to the PID control system in real time, compares the temperature with an expected temperature value in the PID control system, and finally sends a micro-displacement signal to the electric sliding table, so that the table top on the electric sliding table drives the nozzle to generate a certain micro-displacement, thereby changing the cooling capacity of cooling gas to a cutting area. The participation of a PID control system realizes the closed-loop feedback control of the temperature, indirectly changes the cooling amount by adjusting the effect distance between the nozzle and the cutting area on line, and realizes the accurate and controllable temperature of a certain point on the workpiece in the cutting area in the machining process, thereby improving the machining quality of the workpiece, reducing the abrasion of a cutter and prolonging the service life;
4. the invention can indirectly evaluate and adjust the cooling effect of the cutting area, and changes the prior method that operators manually adjust through trial processing or experience. The system can realize online adjustment, thereby reducing external and internal factors influencing the processing quality in the machining process, ensuring that the temperature of a certain point on a workpiece always tends to a certain expected value and is stable in the processing process, ensuring that the cooling achieves the best effect and obtaining the surface of a high-quality part.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the overall system apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the nozzle support 6 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the infrared temperature sensor holder 7 of FIG. 1;
reference numbers in the figures: 1, an electric sliding table; 2 a pressure stabilizing constant value valve; 3 a mass flow controller; 4, a nozzle; 5 infrared temperature sensor; 6 an adjustable nozzle mount; 7, an adjustable infrared temperature sensor bracket; 8, nozzle cutting sleeve; 9 a nozzle holder; 10, fixing end of nozzle support; 11 infrared temperature sensor card sleeve; 12 infrared temperature sensor support; 13 infrared temperature sensor bracket fixing end.
Detailed Description
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a parameterized control system for a metal cutting machining cooling gas jet includes: the device comprises a computer PID control system, an electric sliding table 1, a pressure stabilizing constant value valve 2, a mass flow controller 3, a nozzle 4, an infrared temperature sensor 5, an adjustable nozzle support 6 and an adjustable infrared temperature sensor support 7;
a voltage-stabilizing fixed valve 2 and a mass flow controller 3 are respectively fixed on an upper table surface 1-1 of the electric sliding table 1 through bolts; the infrared temperature sensor 5 and the nozzle 4 are respectively fixed on the adjustable infrared temperature sensor bracket 7 and the adjustable nozzle bracket 6; as shown in fig. 2, the adjustable nozzle support 6 is provided with a U-shaped nozzle support 9 on a nozzle support fixed end 10, wherein the U-shaped nozzle support 9 can be adjusted in relative angle left and right relative to the nozzle support fixed end 10, a nozzle cutting sleeve 8 is rotatably connected in the middle of the U-shaped nozzle support 9, and the nozzle cutting sleeve 8 can be adjusted in relative angle up and down relative to the U-shaped nozzle support 9; the nozzle cutting sleeve 8 is fixedly provided with a nozzle 4; as shown in fig. 3, the adjustable infrared temperature sensor support 7 is provided with a U-shaped infrared temperature sensor support 12 on a support fixed end 13, wherein the U-shaped infrared temperature sensor support 12 can adjust a relative angle left and right with respect to the infrared temperature sensor support fixed end 13, an infrared temperature sensor cutting sleeve 11 is rotatably connected in the middle of the U-shaped infrared temperature sensor support 12, and wherein the infrared temperature sensor cutting sleeve 11 can adjust a relative angle up and down with respect to the U-shaped infrared temperature sensor support 12; the infrared temperature sensor 5 is fixedly arranged on the infrared temperature sensor cutting sleeve 11;
the cooling gas is connected with an inlet end 1-2 of a pressure stabilizing fixed value valve 2 through a pipeline, the pressure of the cooling gas at the inlet of the nozzle is adjusted to reach a required value through the pressure stabilizing fixed value valve 2, and the pressure of the cooling gas at the outlet of the nozzle is ensured not to be influenced by external factors to generate large pressure fluctuation so that the pressure of the cooling gas is stabilized near the required value;
the outlet of the pressure-stabilizing fixed valve 2 is connected with the gas inlet end of a mass flow controller 3 through a pipeline, the mass flow of the cooling gas at the inlet of the nozzle is regulated by the mass flow controller 3 to reach a required value, and the mass flow of the cooling gas at the outlet of the nozzle is ensured not to be influenced by external factors to generate large fluctuation so that the mass flow of the cooling gas is stabilized near the required value;
the outlet of the mass flow controller 3 is directly connected with the inlet of the nozzle 4 through a pipeline, and then the nozzle 4 sprays cooling gas to cool and lubricate a cutting area;
and the computer PID control system is respectively connected with the control port of the electric sliding table 1 and the infrared temperature sensor 5 through data transmission lines to form a closed-loop control system, so that the closed-loop feedback control of the temperature of a certain point position on a workpiece is realized.
In this embodiment, a method for controlling a parametric control system for a cooling gas jet for metal cutting processing is performed according to the following steps:
step 1, fixedly installing the bottom of an electric sliding table 1 at the operation position of a machine tool, wherein the position is available as long as the installation of the system does not influence the normal operation of the machine tool according to the form of the machine tool and the cutting condition;
step 2, constructing a thermodynamic model in the nozzle 4 in a computer PID control system, specifically, establishing a heat transfer model in the nozzle 4 according to the following process:
if the pressure p of the fluid at the inlet is1Satisfies the formula (1), and the temperature T at the outlet of the nozzle 4 is known according to the process requirements2Instantaneous flow rate
And enthalpy H2The pressure p of the cooling gas at the inlet of the nozzle 4 is obtained by the simultaneous use of the equations (2), (3) and (4)1And mass flow rate
The value of (c):
in the formulae (1) to (4), c1The flow velocity, η, of the cooling gas at the inlet of the nozzle 4noFor nozzle efficiency, patmIs the local atmospheric pressure, A1Is the internal cross-sectional area at the outlet of the nozzle 4, k is the specific heat ratio, R is the gas constant, cpFor cooling the constant-pressure specific heat capacity of the gas, T1Is the temperature of the cooling gas at the inlet of the nozzle 4;
if the pressure p of the fluid at the inlet is1Satisfies the formula (5), and the temperature T at the outlet of the nozzle 4 is known according to the process requirements2Instantaneous flow rate
And enthalpy H2The pressure p of the cooling gas at the inlet of the nozzle 4 is obtained by the simultaneous use of the equations (6), (7), (8) and (9)1And mass flow rate
The value of (c):
step 3, adjusting the relative angle positions of the U-shaped nozzle support 9 and the nozzle support fixing end 10 and the relative angle positions of the nozzle clamping sleeve 8 and the U-shaped nozzle support 9 to enable the nozzle 4 to be right opposite to the cutting area;
step 4, adjusting the relative angle positions of the U-shaped infrared temperature sensor support 12 and the infrared temperature sensor support fixing end 13 and the relative angle positions of the infrared temperature sensor clamping sleeve 11 and the infrared temperature sensor support 12 to enable the infrared temperature sensor 5 to be right opposite to a certain point position to be measured on the workpiece;
step 5, according to the mass flow of the fluid at the outlet of the nozzle required by the process
Enthalpy H2And temperature T2Calculating the pressure requirement p of the cooling gas at the inlet of the nozzle by means of a computer PID control system in combination with a thermodynamic model inside the nozzle 41And mass flow demand value
Step 6, the cooling gas passes through the pressure stabilizing fixed value valve 2, and the pressure requirement value p of the cooling gas at the inlet of the nozzle is calculated in the step 51It is adjusted so that the pressure at the nozzle inlet is stabilized at the desired value p1Nearby, the pressure fluctuation is eliminated, the influence on cutting machining caused by the unstable pressure of cooling gas at the outlet of the nozzle is avoided, and the error is reduced;
step 7, the cooling gas passes through the mass flow controller 3, and the cooling gas mass flow demand value at the nozzle inlet calculated in step 5 is used
It is adjusted to stabilize the mass flow of cooling gas at the nozzle inlet at a desired value
Nearby, eliminating mass flow fluctuation;
9, cooling gas passes through the outlet of the nozzle 4 and is sprayed to the cutting area, and the temperature T of a certain point on the workpiece is measured for the ith time by the infrared temperature sensor 5iAnd transmitting the temperature value to a PID control system through a data transmission line;
And step 12, assigning the value of i +1 to i, and returning to the step 9.
In conclusion, the scheme is to quantitatively evaluate the cooling effect of the cutting area and regulate and control the cooling effect in order to ensure that the cutting area achieves a good cooling effect under different cutting conditions and environments; the cooling gas from the front end equipment can be parametrized and regulated by constructing a thermodynamic model in the nozzle, the pressure and the mass flow of the cooling gas at the front end of the nozzle are regulated according to the mass flow, the temperature and the enthalpy of the cooling gas required by a cutting area and by combining the model, so that the pressure and the mass flow of the cooling gas at the front end of the nozzle are stabilized near a required value, the pressure fluctuation and the mass flow fluctuation caused by the influence of the front end equipment are eliminated, and the quantitative regulation and control of the parameters of the cooling gas at the front end of the nozzle are realized; the effect distance between the nozzle and the cutting area is adjusted by the electric sliding table, and the automatic adjustment of the effect distance between different nozzles and the cutting area according to the cooling effect is realized by the PID control system, so that the conventional method that an operator manually adjusts the distance between the nozzle and the cutting area through trial machining or experience is changed, the inaccuracy of the operator manually adjusts the distance between the operator and the cutting area is reduced, the labor intensity of the operator is reduced, the cooling capacity of the cutting area is ensured to achieve the optimal effect, and the phenomena of excessive cooling or insufficient cooling and the like are avoided; the temperature of a certain point position of a cutting area is monitored on line through an infrared temperature sensor, the signal is transmitted to a PID control system in real time, a series of calculation and comparison can be carried out in the PID control system, finally, a micro-displacement signal is sent to an electric sliding table, a table top on the electric sliding table drives a nozzle to generate certain micro-displacement, the PID control system realizes closed-loop control on the temperature of the cutting area, and the temperature of the certain point position of the cutting area is monitored on line to enable the temperature to reach the vicinity of the expected temperature and keep stable. In conclusion, the patent can realize parameterization and automatic adjustment of cooling gas in the cutting process so as to achieve good cooling effect, improve the surface quality of parts, prolong the service life of the cutter and the like.
Claims (3)
1. A parametric regulation system for metalworking cooling gas jets comprising: the device comprises a computer PID control system, an electric sliding table (1), a pressure stabilizing fixed value valve (2), a mass flow controller (3), a nozzle (4), an infrared temperature sensor (5), an adjustable nozzle bracket (6) and an adjustable infrared temperature sensor bracket (7);
the pressure-stabilizing constant-value valve (2) and the mass flow controller (3) are respectively fixed on an upper table surface (1-1) of the electric sliding table (1) through bolts; the adjustable nozzle support (6) is characterized in that a U-shaped nozzle support (9) is arranged on a fixed end (10) of the nozzle support, a nozzle clamping sleeve (8) is rotatably connected in the middle of the U-shaped nozzle support (9), and the nozzle (4) is fixedly arranged on the nozzle clamping sleeve (8); the adjustable infrared temperature sensor support (7) is characterized in that a U-shaped infrared temperature sensor support (12) is arranged on a support fixing end (13), an infrared temperature sensor clamping sleeve (11) is rotatably connected in the middle of the U-shaped infrared temperature sensor support (12), and the infrared temperature sensor (5) is fixedly mounted on the infrared temperature sensor clamping sleeve (11);
the cooling gas is connected with the inlet end (1-2) of the pressure-stabilizing fixed value valve (2) through a pipeline;
the outlet of the pressure stabilizing fixed valve (2) is connected with the air inlet end of the mass flow controller (3) through a pipeline;
the outlet of the mass flow controller (3) is directly connected with the inlet of the nozzle (4) through a pipeline;
and the computer PID control system is respectively connected with the electric sliding table (1) and the infrared temperature sensor (5).
2. A method of controlling a parameterised control system for a metal cutting machining cooling gas jet as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
step 1, fixedly installing the bottom of the electric sliding table (1) at a proper position of a machine tool;
step 2, constructing a thermodynamic model inside the nozzle (4) in a computer PID control system;
step 3, adjusting the relative angle between the U-shaped nozzle support (9) and the fixed end (10) of the nozzle support and the relative angle between the nozzle clamping sleeve (8) and the U-shaped nozzle support (9) to enable the nozzle (4) to be opposite to a cutting area;
step 4, adjusting the relative angle between the U-shaped infrared temperature sensor support (12) and the fixed end (13) of the infrared temperature sensor support and the relative angle between the infrared temperature sensor clamping sleeve (11) and the infrared temperature sensor support (12), so that the infrared temperature sensor (5) is just opposite to a certain point position to be measured on the workpiece;
step 5, according to the mass flow of the fluid at the outlet of the nozzle required by the process
Enthalpy H2And temperature T2And calculating the pressure requirement p of the fluid at the inlet of the nozzle by combining a thermodynamic model inside the nozzle (4)1And mass flow demand value
6, when the cooling gas passes through the pressure stabilizing and constant value valve (2), according to the fluid pressure requirement value p at the inlet of the nozzle1The cooling gas is adjusted to stabilize the fluid pressure at the nozzle inlet at a desired value p1Nearby to eliminate pressure fluctuations;
7, when the cooling gas passes through the mass flow controller (3), according to the fluid mass flow demand value at the inlet of the nozzle
The cooling gas is adjusted to stabilize the mass flow of the fluid at the nozzle inlet at a desired value
Nearby to eliminate mass flow fluctuations;
step 8, defining a variable i, and initializing i to be 1;
9, the cooling gas passes through the outlet of the nozzle (4) and is sprayed to a cutting area, and the temperature T of a certain point on the workpiece is measured for the ith time by an infrared temperature sensor (5)i；
Step 10, the computer PID control system obtains the temperature T of a certain point position on the workpiece measured for the ith timeiComparing the temperature of the corresponding point on the expected workpiece with the temperature of the corresponding point on the workpiece according to the requirement of the cooling effect of the process, and calculating the ith relative error epsilon of the twoiAnd a relative error epsilon from the set value*By comparison, if εi＞ε*Executing step 11-step 12; otherwise, maintaining the effective distance L between the nozzle (4) and the cutting zoneiAnd executing step 12;
step 11, the PID control system sends out the ith pulse signal deltaiThe electric sliding table (1) is controlled to generate the ith micro displacement delta from the upper table surface (1-1) of the electric sliding tableiThereby driving the nozzle (4) to generate an ith micro displacement delta relative to the cutting areaiTo adjust the effective distance L between the nozzle (4) and the cutting zoneiThereby changing the heat exchange quantity between the workpiece and the cooling gas and changing the temperature T of a certain point on the surface of the measured workpiecei；
And step 12, assigning the value of i +1 to i, and returning to the step 9.
3. The regulation and control method according to claim 2, wherein the thermodynamic model inside the nozzle (4) in step 2 is established as follows:
if the pressure p of the fluid at the inlet is1Satisfies the formula (1), and the temperature T at the outlet of the nozzle (4) is known according to the process requirements2Instantaneous flow rate
And enthalpy H2The required value is obtained by combining the formula (2), the formula (3) and the formula (4) to obtain the pressure p of the cooling gas at the inlet of the nozzle (4)1And mass flow rate
The value of (c):
in the formulae (1) to (4), c1The flow rate of the cooling gas at the inlet of the nozzle (4) (. eta.)noFor the efficiency of the nozzle (4), patmIs the local atmospheric pressure, A1Is the internal cross-sectional area at the outlet of the nozzle (4), k is the specific heat ratio, R is the gas constant, cpFor cooling the constant-pressure specific heat capacity of the gas, T1Is the temperature of the cooling gas at the inlet of the nozzle (4);
if the pressure p of the fluid at the inlet is1Satisfies the formula (5), and the temperature T at the outlet of the nozzle (4) is known according to the process requirements2Instantaneous flow rate
And enthalpy H2The pressure p of the cooling gas at the inlet of the nozzle (4) is obtained by using the equations (6), (7), (8) and (9) in combination1And mass flow rate
The value of (c):
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| CN113703502A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-26 | 合肥工业大学 | Refrigeration parameter regulation and control method for metal cutting processing cooling gas jet flow field |
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