CN113234956A - Vacuum casting method for large-tonnage chromium-zirconium-copper cast ingot - Google Patents
Vacuum casting method for large-tonnage chromium-zirconium-copper cast ingot Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-tonnage chromium zirconium copper cast ingot vacuum casting method, which comprises the following steps: proportioning, charging, vacuumizing, exhausting, smelting, refining, degassing, zirconium alloying, casting, cooling, demolding and mechanically processing the cast ingot. The CuCrZr series alloy is a high-strength high-conductivity copper alloy seen from the world, and the excellent performance of the CuCrZr series alloy is that the Cr and Zr elements are added to generate interaction, so the grain boundary strength, creep deformation and fatigue performance of the alloy are obviously improved, but the conventional smelting equipment technology is difficult to meet.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of vacuum casting of chromium-zirconium-copper cast ingots, and particularly relates to a large-tonnage chromium-zirconium-copper cast ingot vacuum casting method.
Background
Chromium bronze and zirconium bronze are solid solution aging precipitation strengthening alloy materials of the wire, and have high strength and conductivity. The strengthening phase in the chromium bronze is Cr which is dispersed, the strengthening phase formed by Zr and a matrix in the zirconium bronze is a beta phase, and if Zr is added in the Cu-Cr alloy or Cr is added in the Cu-Zr alloy, the performance of the Cu-Cr-Zr can be further improved. The CuCrZr series alloy is a high-strength high-conductivity copper alloy seen from the world, and the excellent performance of the CuCrZr series alloy is that the Cr and Zr elements are added to generate interaction, so the grain boundary strength, creep deformation and fatigue performance of the alloy are obviously improved, but the conventional smelting equipment technology is difficult to meet.
At present, the cast ingots produced in China have smaller specification, large-size cast ingots are few, more than 6 tons of chromium-zirconium-copper cast ingots are almost not produced, and the uniform addition of Cr and Zr elements in a copper matrix material is difficult, so that a vacuum casting method for large-tonnage chromium-zirconium-copper cast ingots is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a large-tonnage chromium-zirconium-copper cast ingot vacuum casting method, which has the following technical scheme:
a large-tonnage chromium zirconium copper ingot vacuum casting method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials, namely preparing ingot casting materials according to mass percentage, wherein the weight ratio of Cr: 0.50-1.5%, Zr: 0.11-0.21%, less than 0.3% of impurities and the balance of Cu; the ingot raw materials comprise electrolytic copper, Cu-Cr intermediate alloy, qualified old material and sponge zirconium.
(2) Charging, namely adding electrolytic copper and Cu-Cr intermediate alloy into a crucible furnace body in sequence; the electrolytic copper and the Cu-Cr intermediate alloy are compactly arranged. According to the function of the device, the crucible furnace body can be charged under the normal atmospheric pressure, the vacuum state and the inert gas state. When the crucible furnace body is opened when charging is carried out under the normal atmospheric pressure state, the electrolytic copper and the Cu-Cr intermediate alloy are added into the furnace body by manpower, and the charging is needed to be placed as compact as possible so as to melt more quickly and prevent bridging.
(3) Vacuumizing and exhausting; and vacuumizing by using a vacuum system, wherein the vacuum system comprises a mechanical pump and a booster pump, and the cooling system is opened before vacuumizing. The vacuum system of the production equipment consists of a plurality of mechanical pumps and booster pumps, and different cavities can be independently vacuumized according to different requirements. The cooling system is turned on before the vacuum operation so that the various parts can be cooled to the appropriate temperature.
(4) Smelting, namely baking the raw materials at the power of 100-; the smelting is induction heating melting. Copper materials in the furnace body are melted in the ceramic crucible by induction heating, the induction coil generates an alternating electromagnetic field in the crucible to generate heat to conductive materials in the furnace body so as to carry out smelting, and eddy current generated by melting materials in the furnace body can keep the materials turned over so as to prevent overheating.
(5) Refining degassing, wherein degassing in a smelting chamber is carried out on a contact surface between vacuum and a smelting pool in the smelting chamber, a high vacuum pump set is started, the vacuum degree is reduced, the power is improved, electromagnetic stirring is started, and degassing is accelerated;
(6) zirconium alloying, namely adding the zirconium into a smelting chamber by adopting a small charging barrel through vacuum charging, charging inert gas into the smelting chamber before adding the zirconium, and simultaneously starting electromagnetic stirring so as to realize better alloying; the inert gas is argon, the vacuum degree is 2.0E2hpa, and the electromagnetic stirring device is started, so that the zirconium melting rate is increased, the zirconium volatilization loss is reduced, and the material is better alloyed. The vacuum feeding specifically comprises the following steps: the crucible is added in vacuum through a feeding chamber, electrolytic copper is firstly put into a feeding barrel, and the electrolytic copper is filled into the crucible through a lifting mechanism of the feeding chamber. And when the pressure of the feeding chamber is the same as that of the smelting chamber, opening the flap valve, lowering the feeding barrel to the upper end of the page, opening the lower part of the feeding barrel to discharge materials, then lifting the flap valve to close, and breaking vacuum of the feeding chamber to restore to the atmospheric pressure for the next vacuum material supplement.
(7) Casting, wherein the temperature is controlled to 1300-; the center position of the mould is positioned at a position 200mm away from the center of the turntable of the casting chamber, and the mould is kept to continuously rotate in the whole casting process to obtain a more refined and uniform casting structure; pouring the molten metal into the mold quickly when casting is started to quickly fill the launder, and then keeping the liquid level in the mold floating stably at a stable casting speed of 260-300kg/min until the molten metal rises to a heat preservation cap, and slowing down the casting speed by 50-100 kg/min; in the whole casting process, the mold is kept to rotate continuously, and a relatively refined and uniform casting structure is obtained; and a casting mode of firstly quick casting and then slow casting is adopted, so that the metal retention chute is prevented from being incapable of flowing into the mold through the casting nozzle, and a feeding effect is achieved.
(8) Cooling and demoulding, and machining the cast ingot.
The vacuum charging in the step (4) is specifically as follows: adding electrolytic copper into a charging barrel through a charging chamber, and charging the electrolytic copper into a crucible through a charging chamber lifting mechanism; and when the pressure of the feeding chamber is the same as that of the smelting chamber, opening the flap valve, lowering the feeding barrel to the upper end of the page, opening the lower part of the feeding barrel to discharge materials, then lifting the flap valve to close, and breaking vacuum of the feeding chamber to restore to the atmospheric pressure for the next vacuum material supplement.
And (3) in the step (7), the temperature measurement adopts an immersion type thermocouple, a thermocouple probe is immersed into the molten pool through a lifting mechanism, a control system reads data, the temperature measurement lifting mechanism and the feeding lifting mechanism are separately and independently operated, the sampling is realized by connecting a sampling die to the feeding lifting mechanism, the sampling die is immersed into the molten pool, and the sampling die is lifted when being filled with enough effective liquid. Sampling and temperature measuring: the temperature of the furnace body solution is measured by adopting an immersed thermocouple, a thermocouple probe is immersed into a molten pool through a lifting mechanism, and a control system reads data. The temperature measurement lifting mechanism and the charging lifting mechanism are separately and independently operated, and sampling is realized by connecting the sampling die on the charging lifting mechanism, immersing the sampling die in a molten pool, and lifting the sampling die when the sampling die is filled with enough effective liquid.
In the step (7), the runner is firstly baked for 7 hours by small fire and then baked for 3 hours by large fire, the temperature of the runner is not less than 1200 ℃, and the aperture of a pouring gate mouth of the runner is phi 22-28 mm.
And (4) casting in the step (7), wherein the casting angle of the smelting chamber is 0-95 degrees, during casting, the smelting chamber adopts an inclining device to accurately incline and pour into the runner, the solution flows into the mold through a casting nozzle of the runner, and the whole casting process can be observed through a display screen. The center of the mould is positioned at a position 200mm away from the center of the turntable of the casting chamber, and the mould is kept to rotate continuously in the whole casting process.
In the step (7), the inert gas is argon, the vacuum degree is 2.0E2hpa, and the purpose of argon filling is to keep the liquid level of the molten pool stable and reduce the splashing of the solution during casting.
Refining and degassing: degassing of the smelting chamber is carried out on the contact surface of vacuum and a smelting pool of the smelting chamber, an electromagnetic stirring device is started, an oil booster pump set is started, and new solution is brought to the surface of the smelting pool through continuous rolling of the liquid level to increase the speed of deoxidation.
A launder system: the launder functions to transfer the melt from the melting chamber to the mould and to capture dross and larger objects.
Preparing a mould: the mould is the part that finally contains solution on the revolving stage of casting room, closes the casting room after the mould is installed and begins to pump vacuum, and the casting valve plate is opened after adjusting the smelting room, casting room and chute room to reach the same gas-tight pressure, and the chute automatically moves to the casting position.
And (3) cooling: after the casting is finished, breaking vacuum and opening all cavities, demolding after the ingot and the mold are cooled for 24 hours, and naturally cooling under atmospheric pressure.
The technical scheme has the following production parameters:
selecting raw materials: clean oil-free electrolytic copper and qualified old material
Smelting equipment: german ALD model VIM-VIDP1000 vacuum induction furnace
Specification of the die: phi 690/720X 2250mm
Coating the die: titanium white powder
The casting mode is as follows: vacuum top casting (spin casting)
Casting temperature: 1300 ℃ 1350-
Casting speed: 25-30 min/root
Preheating temperature of the die: 200 ℃ and 300 DEG C
Temperature of the launder: not less than 1200 DEG C
Casting vacuum degree: less than or equal to 220pa (filled with inert gas).
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the advantages of the equipment are fully exerted, the internal structure of the cast ingot obtained by adopting a rotary casting mode is more refined, and the subsequent forging and processing are facilitated;
2. the cast ingot has good surface quality and has no defects of air holes, impurities and the like;
3. the ingot casting product with high yield can be obtained by the process, and the product value is higher;
4. the cast ingot has good internal quality, and the dead head end almost has no loose defect.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention relates to a structure diagram of large-tonnage chromium-zirconium-copper cast ingot vacuum casting equipment;
wherein, 1 smelting chamber, 2 casting chambers, 3 runner chambers, 4 charging chambers, 5 vacuum systems, 6 power supply systems and 7 operation platforms.
FIG. 2: the invention is a schematic drawing of the casting process.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a vacuum casting method for a large-tonnage chromium zirconium copper ingot, which comprises the following specific steps:
1. raw material preparation
Cutting off the lug and the periphery of the electrolytic copper when the shearing small blocks of the electrolytic copper are smaller than 200 x 200mm, wherein too many copper beans and residual acid on the surface are obviously not used for producing Cu-Cr-Zr alloy; and the old material ingot can be fed after being polished to remove oxide skin according to requirements. The raw material with stains can be used after being washed and dried.
2. Melting
Checking whether a furnace body cooling system operates, firstly vacuumizing the furnace body, sending the raw material to a low-power baking station, removing water vapor on the surface along with vacuum, increasing power to melt the material after baking, and feeding the material in vacuum if the weight of the material is not enough after the material is completely melted in the furnace body so as to ensure the weight of the cast ingot. And after vacuum feeding is finished, performing high vacuum refining to remove gas in the solution, thereby optimizing the quality of the ingot, filling argon gas until the vacuum degree is 1.0E2hpa, performing vacuum zirconium adding, wherein the volatility of metal zirconium is high, and if the high vacuum adding is performed, a large amount of zirconium is volatilized, so that the content of Zr element is low. And (3) slowly stirring after adding zirconium to ensure that the components are uniform and not uneven, sampling to analyze whether the components meet the component requirements of the cast ingot or not, casting when the components are qualified, and blending if the components have deviation. The temperature measurement was at 1320 ℃ and ready for casting. The smelting equipment used is shown in figure 1.
3. Casting of
And (4) roasting the mould while smelting, and heating the mould to 200 ℃ to prepare for casting. The chute is baked thoroughly for the first time, the chute is baked for 7 hours by small fire, and the chute is baked for at least 3 hours by big fire before casting to reach a proper temperature, so that the metal flows smoothly without breaking off. The center of the mould is positioned at a position 200mm away from the center of the turntable of the casting chamber, and the mould is kept to continuously rotate in the whole casting process so as to obtain a more refined and uniform casting structure. The solution is subjected to temperature measurement before casting so as to ensure proper casting temperature, the temperature of the launder is low, the casting temperature can be properly increased, the selection of the aperture size of a casting nozzle of the launder during casting is very important, and the selection of the aperture of the relevant casting nozzle at different temperatures is related to the casting speed. The casting mode of firstly fast and then slow is adopted, so that the metal is prevented from being retained in the chute and cannot flow into the mold through the casting nozzle, the metal is poured quickly when the casting is started, the chute is filled with the metal liquid quickly, the casting speed is stabilized, the liquid level is maintained to float stably, the casting speed can be properly slowed down when the upper body of the metal liquid is heated and overflowed, and the purpose of feeding is achieved.
4. Cooling and demoulding
And (5) demolding after the ingot and the mold are cooled for 24 hours, and naturally cooling under atmospheric pressure.
5. Machining the ingot
The operation flow is as follows:
feeding in a non-vacuum state, vacuumizing, melting, vacuum feeding, melting, raising the temperature to 1300-1350 ℃ (the vacuum degree is less than 50pa), measuring the temperature, filling inert gas, adding zirconium, stirring, refining, sampling, assembling a mold launder while refining, measuring the temperature (the final casting temperature is determined to be 1320 ℃), and casting.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a vacuum casting method for a large-tonnage chromium zirconium copper ingot, which comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, the chemical composition of the ingot is required to be as follows: cr: 0.50-1.5%, Zr: 0.11-0.21%, less than 0.3% of impurities and the balance of Cu.
The processing method of the chromium zirconium copper cast ingot (step):
preparing raw materials: electrolytic copper, Cu-Cr intermediate alloy, qualified old material and sponge zirconium
Charging: according to the function of the device, the crucible furnace body can be charged under the normal atmospheric pressure, the vacuum state and the inert gas state. When the crucible furnace body is opened when charging is carried out under the normal atmospheric pressure state, the electrolytic copper and the Cu-Cr intermediate alloy are added into the furnace body by manpower, and the charging is needed to be placed as compact as possible so as to melt more quickly and prevent bridging.
Vacuumizing and exhausting: the vacuum system of the production equipment consists of a plurality of mechanical pumps and booster pumps, and different cavities can be independently vacuumized according to different requirements. The cooling system is turned on before the vacuum operation so that the various parts can be cooled to the appropriate temperature.
Smelting: copper materials in the furnace body are melted in the ceramic crucible by induction heating, the induction coil generates an alternating electromagnetic field in the crucible to generate heat to conductive materials in the furnace body so as to carry out smelting, and eddy current generated by melting materials in the furnace body can keep the materials turned over so as to prevent overheating.
Vacuum charging: the crucible is added in vacuum through a feeding chamber, electrolytic copper is firstly put into a feeding barrel, and the electrolytic copper is filled into the crucible through a lifting mechanism of the feeding chamber. And when the pressure of the feeding chamber is the same as that of the smelting chamber, opening the flap valve, lowering the feeding barrel to the upper end of the page, opening the lower part of the feeding barrel to discharge materials, then lifting the flap valve to close, and breaking vacuum of the feeding chamber to restore to the atmospheric pressure for the next vacuum material supplement.
Refining and degassing: degassing of the smelting chamber is carried out at the contact surface of vacuum and a smelting chamber molten pool, the vacuum degree is increased, the power is increased, and new solution is brought to the surface of the molten pool through continuous liquid level rolling to increase the deoxidation rate.
Zirconium alloying: the zirconium is added into the smelting chamber by adopting a small charging barrel through vacuum charging, inert gas is charged into the smelting chamber before the zirconium is added so as to reduce the volatilization of the zirconium, and meanwhile, electromagnetic stirring is started so as to realize better alloying.
Sampling and temperature measuring: the temperature of the furnace body solution is measured by adopting an immersed thermocouple, a thermocouple probe is immersed into a molten pool through a lifting mechanism, and a control system reads data. The temperature measurement lifting mechanism and the charging lifting mechanism are separately and independently operated, and sampling is realized by connecting the sampling die on the charging lifting mechanism, immersing the sampling die in a molten pool, and lifting the sampling die when the sampling die is filled with enough effective liquid.
A launder system: the launder functions to transfer the melt from the melting chamber to the mould and to capture dross and larger objects.
Preparing a mould: the mould is the part that finally contains solution on the casting room revolving stage, and mould central point puts and fixes a distance 200mm department from casting room carousel center, closes the casting room after the mould is installed and begins to pump vacuum, and the casting valve plate is opened after adjusting smelting chamber, casting room and chute chamber and reaching the same gas-tight pressure, and the chute automatically move to the casting position.
Casting: the casting angle of the smelting chamber is 0-95 ℃, and the mold is kept to rotate continuously in the whole casting process so as to obtain a more refined and uniform casting structure. The smelting chamber adopts a set of tilting device to accurately tilt and pour into the launder, the solution flows into the mould through the casting nozzle of the launder, and the whole casting process can be observed through the display screen.
And (3) cooling: after the casting is finished, breaking vacuum and opening all cavities, demolding after the ingot and the mold are cooled for 24 hours, and naturally cooling under atmospheric pressure.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a vacuum casting method for a large-tonnage chromium zirconium copper ingot, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing materials, namely preparing ingot casting materials according to mass percentage, wherein the weight ratio of Cr: 0.50-1.5%, Zr: 0.11-0.21%, less than 0.3% of impurities and the balance of Cu;
(2) loading, namely adding electrolytic copper, qualified old materials and Cu-Cr intermediate alloy into a crucible furnace body in sequence;
(3) vacuumizing and exhausting;
(4) smelting, namely firstly baking the raw materials at the power of 100-300kw, then increasing the power to the power of 1000-1300kw melting materials, and when the weight is insufficient after the furnace body is completely melted, performing vacuum material supplement;
(5) refining degassing, degassing in the smelting chamber at the contact surface between vacuum and smelting chamber, starting high vacuum pump set to reduce vacuum degree and raise power, starting electromagnetic stirring to speed degassing
(6) Alloying zirconium, adding the zirconium into a smelting chamber by adopting a small charging bucket through vacuum charging, charging inert gas into the smelting chamber before adding zirconium, and simultaneously starting electromagnetic stirring;
(7) casting, wherein the temperature is controlled at 1320 ℃ after sampling and temperature measurement, and casting is carried out after the sampling result meets the requirement, as shown in figure 2; the center position of the mould is positioned at a position 200mm away from the center of the turntable of the casting chamber; pouring the molten metal into the mold quickly when casting is started to quickly fill the launder, and then keeping the liquid level in the mold floating stably at a stable casting speed of 260-300kg/min until the molten metal rises to a heat preservation cap, and slowing down the casting speed by 50-100 kg/min; in the whole casting process, the mold is kept to rotate continuously;
(8) cooling and demoulding, and machining the cast ingot.
In the step (2), the electrolytic copper and the Cu-Cr intermediate alloy are compactly placed.
The ingot casting raw materials in the step (1) comprise electrolytic copper, qualified old materials, Cu-Cr intermediate alloy and sponge zirconium.
And (3) vacuumizing by using a vacuum system, wherein the vacuum system comprises a mechanical pump, a roots pump and a booster pump, and the cooling system is opened before vacuumizing.
The smelting in the step (4) is induction heating melting.
The vacuum charging in the step (4) is specifically as follows: adding electrolytic copper into a charging barrel through a charging chamber, and charging the electrolytic copper into a crucible through a charging chamber lifting mechanism; and when the pressure of the feeding chamber is the same as that of the smelting chamber, opening the flap valve, lowering the feeding barrel to the upper end of the page, opening the lower part of the feeding barrel to discharge materials, then lifting the flap valve to close, and breaking vacuum of the feeding chamber to restore to the atmospheric pressure for the next vacuum material supplement.
In the step (6), the inert gas is argon, and the vacuum degree is 1.0E2 hpa.
And (3) in the step (7), the temperature measurement adopts an immersion type thermocouple, a thermocouple probe is immersed into the molten pool through a lifting mechanism, a control system reads data, the temperature measurement lifting mechanism and the feeding lifting mechanism are separately and independently operated, the sampling is realized by connecting a sampling die to the feeding lifting mechanism, the sampling die is immersed into the molten pool, and the sampling die is lifted when being filled with enough effective liquid.
In the step (7), the runner is firstly baked for 7 hours by small fire and then baked for 3 hours by large fire, the temperature of the runner is not less than 1200 ℃, and the aperture of a pouring gate mouth of the runner is phi 22-28 mm.
And (7) casting, wherein the casting angle of the smelting chamber is 0-95 ℃, during casting, the smelting chamber adopts an inclining device to accurately incline and pour the solution into a launder, the solution flows into a mould through a casting nozzle of the launder, and the whole casting process can be observed through a display screen.
In the step (7), the center position of the mold in the casting chamber is positioned at a position 200mm away from the center of a turntable of the casting chamber, and the mold is kept to rotate continuously in the whole casting process so as to obtain a more refined and uniform casting structure; and a casting mode of firstly quick casting and then slow casting is adopted, so that the metal retention chute is prevented from being incapable of flowing into the mold through the casting nozzle, and a feeding effect is achieved.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a vacuum casting method for a large-tonnage chromium zirconium copper ingot, which comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, the chemical composition of the ingot is required to be as follows: 0.50-1.5% of Cr0, Zr: 0.11-0.21%, less than 0.3% of impurities and the balance of Cu.
The processing method of the chromium zirconium copper cast ingot (step):
preparing raw materials: marking raw materials, electrolytic copper, Cu-Cr intermediate alloy and sponge zirconium
Charging: according to the function of the device, the crucible furnace body can be charged under the normal atmospheric pressure, the vacuum state and the inert gas state. When the crucible furnace body is opened when charging is carried out under the normal atmospheric pressure state, the electrolytic copper and the Cu-Cr intermediate alloy are added into the furnace body by manpower, and the charging is needed to be placed as compact as possible so as to melt more quickly and prevent bridging.
Vacuumizing and exhausting: the vacuum system of the production equipment consists of a plurality of mechanical pumps and booster pumps, and different cavities can be independently vacuumized according to different requirements. The cooling system is turned on before the vacuum operation so that the various parts can be cooled to the appropriate temperature.
Smelting: copper materials in the furnace body are melted in the ceramic crucible by induction heating, the induction coil generates an alternating electromagnetic field in the crucible to generate heat to conductive materials in the furnace body so as to carry out smelting, and eddy current generated by melting materials in the furnace body can keep the materials turned over so as to prevent overheating.
Vacuum charging: the crucible is added in vacuum through a feeding chamber, electrolytic copper is firstly put into a feeding barrel, and the electrolytic copper is filled into the crucible through a lifting mechanism of the feeding chamber. And when the pressure of the feeding chamber is the same as that of the smelting chamber, opening the flap valve, lowering the feeding barrel to the upper end of the page, opening the lower part of the feeding barrel to discharge materials, then lifting the flap valve to close, and breaking vacuum of the feeding chamber to restore to the atmospheric pressure for the next vacuum material supplement.
Refining and degassing: degassing of the smelting chamber is carried out at the contact surface of vacuum and a smelting chamber molten pool, the vacuum degree is increased, the power is increased, and new solution is brought to the surface of the molten pool through continuous liquid level rolling to increase the deoxidation rate.
Zirconium alloying: the zirconium is added into the smelting chamber by adopting a small charging barrel through vacuum charging, inert gas is charged into the smelting chamber before the zirconium is added so as to reduce the volatilization of the zirconium, and meanwhile, electromagnetic stirring is started so as to realize better alloying.
Sampling and temperature measuring: the temperature of the furnace body solution is measured by adopting an immersed thermocouple, a thermocouple probe is immersed into a molten pool through a lifting mechanism, and a control system reads data. The temperature measurement lifting mechanism and the charging lifting mechanism are separately and independently operated, and sampling is realized by connecting the sampling die on the charging lifting mechanism, immersing the sampling die in a molten pool, and lifting the sampling die when the sampling die is filled with enough effective liquid.
A launder system: the launder functions to transfer the melt from the melting chamber to the mould and to capture dross and larger objects.
Preparing a mould: the mould is a part which is finally filled with solution on the rotary table of the pouring chamber, the pouring chamber is closed after the mould is installed, vacuumizing is started, the pouring valve plate is opened after the smelting chamber, the pouring chamber and the launder chamber are adjusted to achieve the same pressure by mistake, and the launder automatically moves to a pouring position.
Casting: the casting angle of the smelting chamber is 0-95 ℃, during casting, the smelting chamber adopts a set of tilting device to accurately tilt and pour into the launder, the solution flows into the mould through the pouring nozzle of the launder, and the whole casting process can be observed through the display screen.
And (3) cooling: after the casting is finished, breaking vacuum and opening all cavities, demolding after the ingot and the mold are cooled for 24 hours, and naturally cooling under atmospheric pressure.
The technical scheme has the following production parameters:
selecting raw materials: clean oil-free electrolytic copper and qualified old material
Smelting equipment: german ALD model VIM-VIDP1000 vacuum induction furnace
Specification of the die: phi 690/720X 2250mm
Coating the die: titanium white powder
Pouring mode: vacuum top casting
Pouring temperature: 1300 ℃ 1350-
Preheating temperature of the die: 220 ℃ C. 300 ℃ C
Temperature of the launder: not less than 1200 DEG C
Pouring vacuum degree: less than or equal to 220pa (filled with inert gas).
Claims (8)
1. A large-tonnage chromium zirconium copper cast ingot vacuum casting method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials, namely preparing ingot casting materials according to mass percentage, wherein the weight ratio of Cr: 0.50-1.5%, Zr: 0.11-0.21%, less than 0.3% of impurities and the balance of Cu;
(2) charging, namely adding electrolytic copper and Cu-Cr intermediate alloy into a crucible furnace body in sequence;
(3) vacuumizing and exhausting;
(4) smelting, namely baking the raw materials at the power of 100-;
(5) refining degassing, wherein degassing in a smelting chamber is carried out on a contact surface between vacuum and a smelting pool in the smelting chamber, a high vacuum pump set is started, the vacuum degree is reduced, the power is improved, electromagnetic stirring is started, and degassing is accelerated;
(6) alloying zirconium, adding the zirconium into a smelting chamber by adopting a small charging bucket through vacuum charging, charging inert gas into the smelting chamber before adding zirconium, and simultaneously starting electromagnetic stirring;
(7) casting, wherein the temperature is controlled to 1300-; the center position of the mould is positioned at a position 200mm away from the center of the turntable of the casting chamber; pouring the molten metal into the mold quickly when casting is started to quickly fill the launder, and then keeping the liquid level in the mold floating stably at a stable casting speed of 260-300kg/min until the molten metal rises to a heat preservation cap, and slowing down the casting speed by 50-100 kg/min; in the whole casting process, the mold is kept to rotate continuously;
(8) cooling and demoulding, and machining the cast ingot.
2. The vacuum casting method of the tonnage of chromium zirconium copper ingot of claim 1, characterized by comprising: the smelting in the step (4) is induction heating melting.
3. The vacuum casting method of the tonnage of chromium zirconium copper ingot of claim 1, characterized by comprising: the vacuum charging in the step (4) is specifically as follows: adding electrolytic copper into a charging barrel through a charging chamber, and charging the electrolytic copper into a crucible through a charging chamber lifting mechanism; and when the pressure of the feeding chamber is the same as that of the smelting chamber, opening the flap valve, lowering the feeding barrel to the upper end of the page, opening the lower part of the feeding barrel to discharge materials, then lifting the flap valve to close, and breaking vacuum of the feeding chamber to restore to the atmospheric pressure for the next vacuum material supplement.
4. The vacuum casting method of the tonnage of chromium zirconium copper ingot of claim 1, characterized by comprising: in the step (6), the inert gas is argon, and the vacuum degree is 2.0E2 hpa.
5. The vacuum casting method of the tonnage of chromium zirconium copper ingot of claim 1, characterized by comprising: and (3) in the step (7), the temperature measurement adopts an immersion type thermocouple, a thermocouple probe is immersed into the molten pool through a lifting mechanism, a control system reads data, the temperature measurement lifting mechanism and the feeding lifting mechanism are separately and independently operated, the sampling is realized by connecting a sampling die to the feeding lifting mechanism, the sampling die is immersed into the molten pool, and the sampling die is lifted when being filled with enough effective liquid.
6. The vacuum casting method of the tonnage of chromium zirconium copper ingot of claim 1, characterized by comprising: in the step (7), the runner is firstly baked for 7 hours by small fire and then baked for 3 hours by large fire, the temperature of the runner is not less than 1200 ℃, and the aperture of a pouring gate mouth of the runner is phi 22-28 mm.
7. The vacuum casting method of the tonnage of chromium zirconium copper ingot of claim 1, characterized by comprising: and (4) casting in the step (7), wherein the casting angle of the smelting chamber is 0-95 degrees, during casting, the smelting chamber adopts an inclining device to accurately incline and pour into the runner, the solution flows into the mold through a casting nozzle of the runner, and the whole casting process can be observed through a display screen.
8. The vacuum casting method of the tonnage of chromium zirconium copper ingot of claim 1, characterized by comprising: in the step (7), the mold is kept to rotate continuously in the whole casting process, the inert gas is argon, and the vacuum degree is 2.0E2 hpa.
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