CN114294952A - Rapid casting cold crucible suspension furnace and alloy smelting method - Google Patents
Rapid casting cold crucible suspension furnace and alloy smelting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114294952A CN114294952A CN202111330587.9A CN202111330587A CN114294952A CN 114294952 A CN114294952 A CN 114294952A CN 202111330587 A CN202111330587 A CN 202111330587A CN 114294952 A CN114294952 A CN 114294952A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
A quick casting cold crucible suspension furnace and an alloy smelting method are provided, wherein a smelting crucible water cooling tank, a smelting coil, a smelting crucible and a casting coil are arranged in a smelting chamber, the smelting crucible water cooling tank is welded with the smelting crucible, the smelting crucible water cooling tank is connected with a guide rail of the smelting chamber, the guide rail is welded with the smelting chamber, the smelting crucible water cooling tank moves up and down along the guide rail of the smelting chamber, the smelting coil is connected with the smelting chamber through an insulating material, the casting coil is connected with the smelting chamber through an insulating material, a casting chamber is connected with a casting chamber furnace door, a smelting chamber furnace cover is arranged at the lower part of a gate valve, and an alloy material to be smelted is arranged in the smelting crucible. The invention has the advantages of rapid melting and casting functions, good mold filling, high-purity and easily-oxidized refractory alloy melting, uniform melting components, stable quality and production cost reduction, and is applied to the technical fields of preparation of high-purity active light alloy materials and precision forming of castings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rapid casting cold crucible suspension furnace and an alloy smelting method in the technical fields of preparation of high-purity master alloys, high-purity target materials, high-purity refractory metals and high-purity active light alloy materials and precision forming of castings, in particular to smelting equipment and an alloy smelting method for preparing high-purity materials and precision forming of castings by adopting a dual-power induction smelting process in a vacuum or argon environment.
Background
In the smelting technology, the vacuum induction smelting technology belongs to the more advanced and more common smelting technology, the smelting material is heated in an electromagnetic induction mode, the pollution of atmosphere on the smelting material is eliminated in a vacuum environment, and alloy products with higher purity can be prepared. However, crucible materials can contaminate the materials being melted during induction melting. The vacuum rapid casting is based on a common vacuum induction furnace, and is very suitable for casting small castings through rapid melting casting molding. The american BMI institute, g.h. schippereit et al, 1961, discovered that an electromagnetic field could enter a slotted copper crucible to heat the charge in the crucible. Then, cold crucible induction melting technology was studied in countries such as the united states, germany, and france. In order to prepare products and alloy materials which have high requirements on purity and are difficult to melt, a suspension melting technology, also called a cold crucible vacuum induction melting technology, appears at the end of the last century, and after the sixth international conference on steel in 1990, particularly in recent years, the cold crucible induction melting technology is developed more rapidly, and the main research progresses include: (1) the equipment scale is increased to a level close to the production requirement; (2) in addition to active metals and alloys, cold crucible induction melting technology has been applied to a wider range of material fields, such as superalloys and intermetallic compounds, high purity sputtering targets, refractory metals and alloys, oxide ceramics and gemstones, radioactive materials, polycrystalline silicon, high entropy alloys, and the like; (3) the technology is gradually combined with other modern material technologies, and a cold crucible electromagnetic continuous casting technology, a cold crucible directional solidification technology, a spray deposition technology and a chilling technology which use a cold crucible as an auxiliary device and the like are developed. The cold crucible vacuum induction melting technology adopts a copper crucible to replace a crucible made of ceramic materials such as zirconia, alumina and the like, and an electromagnetic field enables molten furnace burden to be in a suspended or quasi-suspended state in the melting process, thereby eliminating the pollution of the crucible material to the melting material. To prevent the copper crucible from being melted, the crucible needs to be cooled.
The vacuum rapid casting cold crucible suspension furnace is composed of a vacuum system, a cold crucible and a power and water supply system. Wherein the specially designed water-cooled copper crucible and a power supply system (induction power supply) are the core of the technology. The water-cooled copper crucible needs to be manufactured by adopting a split type oxygen-free copper design, each split is manufactured by oxygen-free copper with an independent water-cooling system, the suspension effect of the melted materials is determined by the shape of the inner cavity of the crucible, the suspension effect is good, the superheat degree and the component uniformity of the melted alloy are improved, the damage of the crucible at ultrahigh temperature is prevented by the special water path design, the power supply power is absorbed by the proper wall thickness in a minimized mode, and the use safety is ensured; the proper frequency of the power supply determines the suspension effect and the melting efficiency of the materials and ensures safe melting under vacuum.
At present, high-quality metal or alloy can be melted and cast in a vacuum rapid casting mode, and the application is more and more extensive, and the method belongs to the current advanced melting equipment; (2) the alloy flows into the casting mold while being melted, which is certainly not satisfactory for products with higher quality requirements; (3) the smelting crucible is made of zirconia, alumina and other ceramic materials which cannot provide suspension force for the alloy, and the alloy is easily polluted by the crucible material after being melted. However, with the increase of the types of the smelting alloys, the continuous increase of the temperature of the smelting alloys and the gradual maturity of the smelting process, some problems are generated in the aspects of the equipment adapting to the industrial production, and mainly include: (1) because the equipment is mainly formed by rapid melting and casting, only small castings with low quality requirements can be cast, and generally, the casting defects can be generated when the casting is too large and is below 3 kg; (2) at present, the rapid casting process also takes crucibles made of ceramic materials such as zirconia, alumina and the like as main materials, each furnace needs one crucible, refractory materials of the ceramic crucibles pollute alloy melt, foreign impurities are introduced, the mechanical properties of the materials are seriously damaged, and the cost is increased; (3) at present, the crucible form cannot be used for smelting high-temperature alloy, because of the problem of heat resistance of ceramic materials, the crucible in the form is generally used for smelting at the temperature of below 1700 ℃, the crucible burning loss is accelerated when the temperature exceeds 1700 ℃, the alloy is polluted, and the ingredients cannot be mixed and melted, so that the ingredients are not uniform; (4) because the traditional suspension furnace adopts the water-cooled copper crucible to overturn and cast, alloy and the water-cooled copper crucible can form a solidified shell in the overturning process, and the alloy utilization rate is reduced.
The rapid casting equipment can be rapidly melted and cast for molding, so the application is more and more extensive, but the application is greatly limited in the actual industrial production due to the limitation of capacity and incomplete function, and the defects of alloy pollution, time waste, production efficiency reduction, cost increase and the like exist in the condition of being incapable of continuously producing. (in FIG. 6, 1 represents a smelting coil, 2 represents a to-be-smelted alloy, 3 represents a smelting crucible, and 4 represents a casting mold), so that the development of a rapid casting cold crucible suspension furnace and an alloy smelting method are new problems to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a quick casting cold crucible suspension furnace and an alloy smelting method.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a quick casting cold crucible suspension furnace comprises a feeding chamber, a gate valve, a smelting chamber furnace cover, a smelting crucible water-cooling box, a smelting coil, a smelting crucible, a smelting chamber, a flap valve, a casting mold chamber, a lifting mechanism base, a casting mold chamber pneumatic valve, a smelting chamber pneumatic valve, a vacuum unit, a casting mold chamber furnace door, a to-be-smelted alloy material, a feeding chamber pneumatic valve, a casting coil and a guide rail, wherein the smelting crucible water-cooling box, the smelting coil, the smelting crucible and the casting coil are arranged in the smelting chamber, the smelting crucible water-cooling box is welded with the smelting crucible, the smelting crucible water-cooling box is connected with the guide rail of the smelting chamber, the guide rail is welded with the smelting chamber, the smelting crucible water-cooling box moves up and down along the guide rail of the smelting chamber, the smelting coil is connected with the smelting chamber through an insulating material, the casting coil is connected with the smelting chamber through the insulating material, and the smelting chamber is connected with the casting mold chamber through the flap valve, the method comprises the following steps of realizing communication or isolation of a smelting chamber and a casting chamber through a flap valve, arranging a casting in a lifting mechanism, connecting the lifting mechanism with a lifting mechanism base, welding the lifting mechanism base with the casting chamber, respectively connecting a casting chamber pneumatic valve with the casting chamber and a vacuum unit through two ends of a pipeline, respectively connecting the smelting chamber pneumatic valve with the smelting chamber and the vacuum unit through two ends of the pipeline, respectively connecting a feeding chamber pneumatic valve with the vacuum unit through two ends of the pipeline, connecting the casting chamber with a casting chamber furnace door, arranging a gate valve at the lower part of the feeding chamber, arranging a smelting chamber furnace cover at the lower part of the gate valve, and arranging an alloy material to be smelted in a smelting crucible;
the alloy smelting method of the rapid casting cold crucible suspension furnace comprises the following steps: firstly, putting an alloy material to be melted into a melting crucible in a water-cooling copper structure form, wherein the processing size of a boss at the bottom of the alloy material to be melted corresponds to a casting opening at the bottom of the melting crucible; cooling water is introduced, the cooling water is used for cooling a smelting crucible through a smelting crucible water cooling box, a casting mold is placed into a casting mold chamber, a smelting chamber furnace cover is closed, a vacuum unit is started, a smelting chamber pneumatic valve and a casting mold chamber pneumatic valve are opened, when the vacuum degree reaches a required value, a flap valve is opened, a lifting mechanism is started to drive the casting mold to lift into a specified position in the smelting chamber, a smelting coil is electrified to generate an alternating magnetic field to rapidly heat the to-be-melted alloy material, when the upper part of the to-be-melted alloy material is completely melted, the alloy is only contacted with the bottom of the smelting crucible under the action of an electromagnetic field, the side wall of the to-be-melted alloy material is not contacted, a casting coil is started to rapidly melt the boss at the bottom of the to-be-melted alloy material, after the boss at the bottom of the to-be-melted alloy material is melted, the alloy flows into the casting mold along a casting opening at the bottom of the smelting crucible to finish casting, and the coil at the lower part of the casting coil is ensured that the alloy does not enter the casting mold and then is immediately solidified, after the alloy material to be melted completely enters the casting mold, the alloy is cut off and rapidly solidified to form a casting; starting a lifting mechanism to drive the casting mold to return to a specified position in the casting mold chamber, closing the flap valve, and completing the one-time casting process within one to two minutes very quickly in the whole smelting and casting process; then putting the alloy to be melted into a feeding chamber, opening a pneumatic valve of the feeding chamber, vacuumizing the feeding chamber, opening a gate valve after the vacuum degree meets the requirement, slowly dropping the alloy to be melted into a melting crucible, closing the gate valve, simultaneously closing a pneumatic valve of a casting chamber, breaking the vacuum, opening a furnace door of the casting chamber, taking out the casting of the previous furnace, putting the next furnace into the next furnace again, closing the furnace door of the casting chamber, opening the pneumatic valve of the casting chamber, vacuumizing again, opening the gate valve after the vacuum degree meets the requirement, starting a lifting mechanism to drive the casting to ascend to a specified position in the melting chamber, and then entering the melting production process of a second furnace;
the design of the quick casting cold crucible suspension furnace is characterized in that the equipment replaces a crucible made of zirconia, alumina and other ceramic materials adopted by the original quick casting furnace with a water-cooled copper crucible, and the water-cooled copper crucible has the water-cooling function and has the characteristics of continuous use, maintenance-free property and the like; the smelting coil and the casting coil are independently powered, so that the problems of complicated mechanical action of the existing casting plug and pollution of a bottom plug to alloy liquid are solved, the problem of pollution of alloy with high smelting temperature and high quality is solved, the problem of waste of a ceramic crucible is solved, the problem of a common rapid casting furnace is solved, the problem of skull coagulation of a water-cooled copper crucible during turning over and casting is solved, the material utilization rate is improved, the complexity of equipment is reduced, and the components and the temperature can be ensured to be uniform after all the molten components of the upper alloy are uniformly melted in the melting bottom plug due to the suspension smelting effect and ingredient smelting; therefore, the whole smelting chamber does not need to break vacuum, continuous production is always kept in a vacuum state, the vacuum degree of the smelting chamber can be well guaranteed, the quality of produced products is improved, and large castings are cast by one-time casting after all smelting without casting defects, so that the method is suitable for large-scale production of enterprises and can realize continuous production.
The key point of the invention lies in its structure and alloy smelting method.
Compared with the prior art, the quick casting cold crucible suspension furnace and the alloy smelting method have the advantages of quick melting and casting functions, good filling, high-purity, easy oxidation and refractory alloy smelting, uniform smelting components, stable quality, no contact between the smelted alloy and the crucible wall, prevention of alloy liquid pollution, simple equipment, no need of casting, reduction of skull, improvement of the utilization rate of alloy materials, reduction of production cost and the like, and can be widely applied to the technical fields of preparation of high-purity master alloys, high-purity target materials, high-purity refractory metals, high-purity active light alloy materials and precision forming of castings.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a melting crucible and a portion of an alloy to be melted according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a first schematic view of the shape change of the molten alloy material after partial melting.
FIG. 4 is a second schematic view showing the shape change of the molten alloy material after partial melting.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the guide rail portion of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a prior art rapid casting furnace configuration.
Detailed Description
Referring to the attached drawings, the quick casting cold crucible suspension furnace comprises a feeding chamber 1, a gate valve 2, a melting chamber furnace cover 3, a melting crucible water cooling tank 4, a melting coil 5, a melting crucible 6, a melting chamber 7, a flap valve 8, a casting mold 9, a casting mold chamber 10, a lifting mechanism 11, a lifting mechanism base 12, a casting mold chamber pneumatic valve 13, a melting chamber pneumatic valve 14, a vacuum unit 15, a casting mold chamber furnace door 16, a to-be-melted alloy material 17, a feeding chamber pneumatic valve 18, a casting coil 19 and a guide rail 20, wherein the melting crucible water cooling tank 4, the melting coil 5, the melting crucible 6 and the casting coil 19 are arranged in the melting chamber 7, the melting crucible water cooling tank 4 is welded with the melting crucible 6, the melting crucible water cooling tank 4 is connected with the guide rail 20 of the melting chamber 7, the guide rail 20 is welded with the melting chamber 7, the crucible melting water cooling tank 4 moves up and down along the guide rail 20 of the melting chamber 7, the melting coil 5 is connected with the melting chamber 7 through an insulating material, the casting coil 19 is connected with the smelting chamber 7 through an insulating material, the smelting chamber 7 is connected with the casting chamber 10 through a flap valve 8, the smelting chamber 7 is communicated or isolated with the casting chamber 10 through the flap valve 8, a casting 9 is arranged on a lifting mechanism 11, the lifting mechanism 11 is connected with a lifting mechanism base 12, the lifting mechanism base 12 is welded with the casting chamber 10, a casting chamber pneumatic valve 13 is respectively connected with the casting chamber 10 and a vacuum unit 15 through two ends of a pipeline, a smelting chamber pneumatic valve 14 is respectively connected with the smelting chamber 7 and the vacuum unit 15 through two ends of the pipeline, a charging chamber pneumatic valve 18 is respectively connected with a charging chamber 1 and the vacuum unit 15 through two ends of the pipeline, the casting chamber 10 is connected with a casting chamber furnace door 16, a gate valve 2 is arranged at the lower part of the charging chamber 1, a smelting chamber furnace cover 3 is arranged at the lower part of the gate valve 2, and an alloy material to be melted 17 is arranged in the smelting crucible 6.
The alloy smelting method of the rapid casting cold crucible suspension furnace comprises the following steps: firstly, placing an alloy material 17 to be melted into a melting crucible 6 in a water-cooling copper structure form, wherein the processing size of a boss at the bottom of the alloy material 17 to be melted corresponds to a casting opening at the bottom of the melting crucible 6; cooling water is introduced, the cooling water provides cooling for a smelting crucible 6 through a smelting crucible water cooling box 4, a casting mould 9 is placed into a casting mould chamber 10, a smelting chamber furnace cover 3 is closed, a vacuum unit 15 is started, a smelting chamber pneumatic valve 14 and a casting mould chamber pneumatic valve 13 are opened, when the vacuum degree reaches a required value, a flap valve 8 is opened, a lifting mechanism 11 is started to drive the casting mould 9 to be lifted to a specified position in a smelting chamber 7, power is supplied to a smelting coil 5, an alternating magnetic field is generated to rapidly heat a to-be-melted alloy material 17, when the upper part of the to-be-melted alloy material 17 is completely melted, the alloy is contacted with the bottom of the smelting crucible 6 under the action of an electromagnetic field, the side wall is not contacted, a casting coil 19 is started to rapidly melt the bottom boss of the to-be-melted alloy material 17, after the bottom boss of the to-be-melted alloy material 17 is melted, the alloy flows into the casting mould 9 along a casting opening at the bottom of the smelting crucible 6 to finish casting, and the lower part of the casting coil 19 ensures that the alloy does not enter the casting mould 9 to be solidified immediately, after the alloy material 17 to be melted completely enters the casting mold 9, the alloy is cut off and rapidly solidified to form a casting; starting the lifting mechanism 11 to drive the casting mould 9 to return to a specified position in the casting mould chamber 10, closing the flap valve 8, and completing the one-time casting process in one to two minutes very quickly in the whole smelting and casting process; and then putting the to-be-melted alloy material 17 into the feeding chamber 1, opening the pneumatic valve 18 of the feeding chamber, vacuumizing the feeding chamber, opening the gate valve 2 when the vacuum degree meets the requirement, slowly dropping the to-be-melted alloy material 17 into the melting crucible 6, closing the gate valve 2, closing the pneumatic valve 13 of the casting chamber, breaking the vacuum, opening the door 16 of the casting chamber, taking out the previous casting mold 9, putting the next casting mold 9 again, closing the door 16 of the casting chamber, opening the pneumatic valve 13 of the casting chamber, vacuumizing again, opening the gate valve 8 after the vacuum degree meets the requirement, starting the lifting mechanism 11 to drive the casting mold 9 to rise to a specified position in the melting chamber 7, and then entering the second furnace melting production process.
The design of the quick casting cold crucible suspension furnace is characterized in that the equipment replaces a crucible made of zirconia, alumina and other ceramic materials adopted by the original quick casting furnace with a water-cooled copper crucible, and the water-cooled copper crucible has the water-cooling function and has the characteristics of continuous use, maintenance-free property and the like; the smelting coil and the casting coil are independently powered, so that the problems of complicated mechanical action of the existing casting plug and pollution of a bottom plug to alloy liquid are solved, the problem of pollution of alloy with high smelting temperature and high quality is solved, the problem of waste of a ceramic crucible is solved, the problem of a common rapid casting furnace is solved, the problem of skull coagulation of a water-cooled copper crucible during turning over and casting is solved, the material utilization rate is improved, the complexity of equipment is reduced, and the components and the temperature can be ensured to be uniform after all the molten components of the upper alloy are uniformly melted in the melting bottom plug due to the suspension smelting effect and ingredient smelting; therefore, the whole smelting chamber does not need to break vacuum, continuous production is always kept in a vacuum state, the vacuum degree of the smelting chamber can be well guaranteed, the quality of produced products is improved, and large castings are cast by one-time casting after all smelting without casting defects, so that the method is suitable for large-scale production of enterprises and can realize continuous production.
Example one
Smelting a titanium-based composite material by using a rapid casting cold crucible suspension furnace, wherein the titanium-based composite material comprises the following alloy components: the balance being 0.8 percent of Ni, 0.5 percent of C, 0.3 percent of Mo and 5 percent of Cr; the method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, putting a standard to-be-melted alloy material 17 into a melting crucible 6, putting a casting mold 9 into a casting chamber 10, closing a melting chamber furnace cover 3, starting a vacuum unit 15, opening a melting chamber pneumatic valve 14 and a casting chamber pneumatic valve 13, and starting a lifting mechanism 11 to drive the casting mold 9 to be lifted to a specified position in a melting chamber 7 when the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 10-2 Pa;
and secondly, electrifying the smelting coil 5 to generate an alternating magnetic field to rapidly heat the alloy material, keeping the heating power of 200KW for 15-20 minutes, when the upper part of the alloy material is completely molten, the alloy is contacted with only the bottom of the smelting crucible 6 under the action of the electromagnetic field, the side wall of the smelting crucible is not contacted, starting the casting coil 19, keeping the heating power of 200KW for 5-8 minutes, rapidly melting a boss at the bottom of the alloy material 17 to be molten, after the boss at the bottom of the alloy material 17 to be molten is molten, enabling the alloy to flow into the casting mold 9 along a casting opening at the bottom of the smelting crucible 6 to complete casting, ensuring that the alloy is not solidified immediately after entering the casting mold 9 by the lower part of the casting coil 19, and cutting off the rapid solidification of the alloy to form a casting after the alloy completely enters the casting mold 9.
The advantages are that: the titanium-based composite alloy is smelted and cast by using the quick casting cold crucible suspension furnace, the oxygen content is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, while the oxygen content of the traditional induction smelting furnace reaches 0.08 percent, the defect that too much skull is formed in the turning casting process due to the poor fluidity of the titanium-based composite material is solved, and the large casting can be cast by one-time casting after the alloy is completely melted. Therefore, the rapid casting cold crucible suspension furnace has obvious advantages of chemical composition control and casting, and has better effect if continuous production is carried out.
Example two
Smelting an aluminum lithium alloy material by utilizing a rapid casting cold crucible suspension furnace, adding Ti: 0.3 percent; the method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, putting a standard alloy ingot processed in advance into a bottom casting hole in a smelting crucible 6, mixing alloy materials and putting the mixture into the smelting crucible 6, putting a casting mold 9 into a casting chamber 10, closing a smelting chamber furnace cover 3, starting a vacuum unit 15, opening a smelting chamber pneumatic valve 14 and a casting chamber pneumatic valve 13, and starting a lifting mechanism 11 to drive the casting mold 9 to ascend to a specified position in a smelting chamber 7 when the vacuum degree is not more than 10-2 Pa;
and secondly, electrifying the smelting coil 5 to generate an alternating magnetic field to rapidly heat the alloy material, keeping the melting power of 30KW for 10-20 minutes, continuously electrifying for a period of time when the upper part of the alloy material is completely melted, fully homogenizing the alloy, and contacting the alloy with the bottom and the side walls of the smelting crucible 6 under the action of an electromagnetic field and violently stirring. The casting coil 19 is started, the melting power is kept at 30KW for 3-5 minutes, a pre-processed alloy ingot placed at the bottom of the melting crucible 6 can be quickly melted, after the alloy at the bottom is melted, the alloy flows into the casting mold 9 along a casting opening at the bottom of the melting crucible 6, the casting is finished, the coil at the lower part of the casting coil 19 ensures that the alloy cannot enter the casting mold 9 and then is immediately solidified, and after all the alloy materials enter the casting mold 9, the alloy is cut off to be quickly solidified to form a casting;
the advantages are that: the aluminum-lithium alloy material alloy is smelted and cast by utilizing the rapid casting cold crucible suspension furnace, the purity of the alloy is high, the phenomenon of uneven smelting components caused by large difference of melting temperatures of titanium, aluminum and lithium is solved, the defect of too many solidified shells formed in the process of turning over the furnace and casting is avoided, and the large casting can be cast by one-time casting after the alloy is completely melted. Therefore, the rapid casting cold crucible suspension furnace has obvious advantages of chemical composition control and casting, and has better effect if continuous production is carried out.
EXAMPLE III
Smelting a high-entropy alloy material by utilizing a rapid casting cold crucible suspension furnace, wherein Zr: 20 percent of Ti, 20 percent of Ni, 20 percent of W and 20 percent of Mo; the method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, putting a standard to-be-melted alloy material 17 into a melting crucible 6, putting a casting mold 9 into a casting chamber 10, closing a melting chamber furnace cover 3, starting a vacuum unit 15, opening a melting chamber pneumatic valve 14 and a casting chamber pneumatic valve 13, and starting a lifting mechanism 11 to drive the casting mold 9 to be lifted to a specified position in a melting chamber 7 when the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 10-2 Pa;
secondly, electrifying the smelting coil 5 to generate an alternating magnetic field to rapidly heat the alloy material, keeping the heating power of 300KW for 25-35 minutes, when the upper part of the alloy material is completely molten, the alloy is contacted with only the bottom of the smelting crucible 6 under the action of the electromagnetic field, the side wall of the smelting crucible is not contacted, starting the casting coil 19, keeping the heating power of 300KW for 5-10 minutes, rapidly melting a boss at the bottom of the alloy material 17 to be molten, after the boss at the bottom of the alloy material 17 to be molten is molten, enabling the alloy to flow into the casting mold 9 along a casting opening at the bottom of the smelting crucible 6 to finish casting, ensuring that the alloy is not solidified immediately after entering the casting mold 9 by the lower part of the casting coil 19, and cutting off the rapid solidification of the alloy to form a casting after the alloy material completely enters the casting mold 9;
the advantages are that: the high-entropy material alloy is smelted and cast by utilizing a quick casting cold crucible suspension furnace, the oxygen content is less than or equal to 0.01 percent, the high-melting high-entropy alloy smelting cannot be realized by the traditional oxide crucible induction smelting, and the oxygen content is more than or equal to 0.05 percent, the defect that too many solidified shells are formed in the turning casting process due to the fact that the fluidity of the high-entropy alloy material is not good is solved, and the large casting can be cast by one-time casting after the alloy is completely melted. Therefore, the rapid casting cold crucible suspension furnace has obvious advantages of chemical composition control and casting, and has better effect if continuous production is carried out.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a quick casting cold crucible suspension furnace, includes charging chamber, push-pull valve, smelting chamber bell, smelts crucible water-cooling box, smelts the coil, smelts the crucible, smelts room, flap valve, casting mould room, elevating system base, casting mould room pneumatic valve, smelts room pneumatic valve, vacuum unit, casting mould room furnace gate, wait to melt alloy material, charging chamber pneumatic valve, casting coil, guide rail, its characterized in that: a smelting crucible water cooling box, a smelting coil, a smelting crucible and a casting coil are arranged in a smelting chamber, the smelting crucible water cooling box is welded with the smelting crucible, the smelting crucible water cooling box is connected with a guide rail of the smelting chamber, the guide rail is welded with the smelting chamber, the smelting crucible water cooling box moves up and down along the guide rail of the smelting chamber, the smelting coil is connected with the smelting chamber through an insulating material, the casting coil is connected with the smelting chamber through an insulating material, the smelting chamber is connected with a casting chamber through a flap valve, the smelting chamber is communicated or isolated with the casting chamber through the flap valve, a casting mold is arranged on a lifting mechanism, the lifting mechanism is connected with a lifting mechanism base, the lifting mechanism base is welded with the casting chamber, the casting chamber pneumatic valve is respectively connected with the casting chamber and a vacuum unit through two ends of a pipeline, the smelting chamber pneumatic valve is respectively connected with the smelting chamber and the vacuum unit through two ends of a pipeline, a charging chamber pneumatic valve is respectively connected with a charging chamber and the vacuum unit through two ends of a pipeline, the casting chamber is connected with a furnace door of the casting chamber, a gate valve is arranged at the lower part of the feeding chamber, a furnace cover of the smelting chamber is arranged at the lower part of the gate valve, and the to-be-melted alloy material is arranged in the smelting crucible.
2. The alloy smelting method for the rapid casting cold crucible suspension furnace according to claim 1, wherein the alloy smelting method comprises the following steps: the alloy smelting method of the rapid casting cold crucible suspension furnace comprises the following steps: firstly, putting an alloy material to be melted into a melting crucible in a water-cooling copper structure form, wherein the processing size of a boss at the bottom of the alloy material to be melted corresponds to a casting opening at the bottom of the melting crucible; cooling water is introduced, the cooling water is used for cooling a smelting crucible through a smelting crucible water cooling box, a casting mold is placed into a casting mold chamber, a smelting chamber furnace cover is closed, a vacuum unit is started, a smelting chamber pneumatic valve and a casting mold chamber pneumatic valve are opened, when the vacuum degree reaches a required value, a flap valve is opened, a lifting mechanism is started to drive the casting mold to lift into a specified position in the smelting chamber, a smelting coil is electrified to generate an alternating magnetic field to rapidly heat the to-be-melted alloy material, when the upper part of the to-be-melted alloy material is completely melted, the alloy is only contacted with the bottom of the smelting crucible under the action of an electromagnetic field, the side wall of the to-be-melted alloy material is not contacted, a casting coil is started to rapidly melt the boss at the bottom of the to-be-melted alloy material, after the boss at the bottom of the to-be-melted alloy material is melted, the alloy flows into the casting mold along a casting opening at the bottom of the smelting crucible to finish casting, and the coil at the lower part of the casting coil is ensured that the alloy does not enter the casting mold and then is immediately solidified, after the alloy material to be melted completely enters the casting mold, the alloy is cut off and rapidly solidified to form a casting; starting a lifting mechanism to drive the casting mold to return to a specified position in the casting mold chamber, closing the flap valve, and completing the one-time casting process within one to two minutes very quickly in the whole smelting and casting process; and then putting the alloy material to be melted into the feeding chamber, opening a pneumatic valve of the feeding chamber, vacuumizing the feeding chamber, opening a gate valve after the vacuum degree meets the requirement, slowly dropping the alloy material to be melted into a melting crucible, closing the gate valve, simultaneously closing a pneumatic valve of the casting chamber, breaking the vacuum, opening a furnace door of the casting chamber, taking out the casting of the previous furnace, putting the next casting into the next furnace again, closing the furnace door of the casting chamber, opening the pneumatic valve of the casting chamber, vacuumizing again, opening the gate valve after the vacuum degree meets the requirement, starting a lifting mechanism to drive the casting to ascend to a specified position in the melting chamber, and thus entering the melting production process of the second furnace.
3. The rapid casting cold crucible suspension furnace of claim 1, wherein: the design of the quick casting cold crucible suspension furnace is characterized in that the equipment replaces a crucible made of zirconia, alumina and other ceramic materials adopted by the original quick casting furnace with a water-cooled copper crucible, and the water-cooled copper crucible has the water-cooling function and has the characteristics of continuous use, maintenance-free property and the like; the smelting coil and the casting coil are independently powered, so that the problems of complicated mechanical action of the existing casting plug and pollution of a bottom plug to alloy liquid are solved, the problem of pollution of alloy with high smelting temperature and high quality is solved, the problem of waste of a ceramic crucible is solved, the problem of a common rapid casting furnace is solved, the problem of skull coagulation of a water-cooled copper crucible during turning over and casting is solved, the material utilization rate is improved, the complexity of equipment is reduced, and the components and the temperature can be ensured to be uniform after all the molten components of the upper alloy are uniformly melted in the melting bottom plug due to the suspension smelting effect and ingredient smelting; therefore, the whole smelting chamber does not need to break vacuum, continuous production is always kept in a vacuum state, the vacuum degree of the smelting chamber can be well guaranteed, the quality of produced products is improved, and large castings are cast by one-time casting after all smelting without casting defects, so that the method is suitable for large-scale production of enterprises and can realize continuous production.
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| CN114850450A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-08-05 | 北京理工大学唐山研究院 | Refractory high-activity multi-element complex alloy suspension induction smelting negative-pressure suction casting device and method |
| CN114918387A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-08-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Device and method for preparing ultra-high temperature alloy bar with low cost and short process |
| CN115090850A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-09-23 | 北京航空航天大学 | Full-automatic production line and production method for centrifugal casting of high-temperature alloy castings |
| CN115178714A (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2022-10-14 | 有研亿金新材料有限公司 | Preparation device and method of high-purity copper and copper alloy cast ingot |
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