CN113207547A - Closed-loop circulation mutual-benefit type edible mushroom high-yield cultivation technology - Google Patents
Closed-loop circulation mutual-benefit type edible mushroom high-yield cultivation technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN113207547A CN113207547A CN202110531382.0A CN202110531382A CN113207547A CN 113207547 A CN113207547 A CN 113207547A CN 202110531382 A CN202110531382 A CN 202110531382A CN 113207547 A CN113207547 A CN 113207547A
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 15
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 7
- 241000221987 Russula Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000121220 Tricholoma matsutake Species 0.000 description 5
- 240000002769 Morchella esculenta Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000002779 Morchella esculenta Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 244000191482 Cantharellus cibarius Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000015722 Cantharellus cibarius Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000134916 Amanita Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000222455 Boletus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000272503 Sparassis radicata Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000609666 Tuber aestivum Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000984061 Aquilaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000931913 Cephalotaxus fortunei Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002469 Clitocybe nuda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001600094 Gastroboletus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000149440 Lentinus tuber-regium Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000290281 Lepista nuda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000984989 Onchidium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001248610 Ophiocordyceps sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000993288 Oudemansiella Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000131316 Panax pseudoginseng Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001237975 Termitomyces Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000101568 Thelephora ganbajun Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031068 symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a closed-loop circulation mutual-profit type edible fungus high-yield cultivation technology, and relates to the field of fungus cultivation. The closed-loop circulation mutual-benefit type edible fungus high-yield cultivation technology comprises the following preparation steps: s1: the formula is as follows: raw materials: wood dust, bran, sugar, compound fertilizer and lime; proportioning: 85% of sawdust, 10% of bran, 2% of sugar, 1% of compound fertilizer and 2% of lime. S2: mixing materials: the raw materials are put into a stirrer and fully mixed. S3: charging: and filling the mixed raw materials into a culture bag through a filling machine to prepare the fungus stick. S4, strain: the liquid strain is injected into the bacteria stick by the injector, and the injection port is disinfected and marked. S5: stacking: and (4) placing the fungus sticks on a culture rack, controlling the environmental temperature and humidity, and culturing the edible fungi. S6: hypha culture: and controlling the ambient temperature at 20-30 ℃, controlling the humidity at 60-65% and keeping the environment dark. The new fungus stick is prepared by recycling the fungus stick after the production of the edible fungus, so that the resource utilization rate is improved, and the yield is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fungus cultivation, in particular to a closed-loop circulation mutual-benefit type edible fungus high-yield cultivation technology.
Background
According to the biological and ecological characteristics of high macrofungi and the development of bacterial scientists in China for a long time, a plurality of rare mushrooms are domesticated and cultivated by people to form the result of marketing of industrialized commodities, so that the division of the groups of the rare mushrooms is changed newly. From the conventional viewpoint, the classification of Liu Gui Bei et al (2009) is generally classified into the following three categories.
(1) The endangered species are mainly those mushroom species which are seriously damaged due to their unique biological characteristics and environmental requirements or due to extremely narrow distribution areas of production places, so that the population quantity is sharply reduced and even nearly extinct, and the remaining population is still seriously threatened. Such as truffle, matsutake, thelephora ganbajun, cordyceps sinensis, etc. According to research and investigation on diversity of Yunnan trade fungi, the endangered mushroom only accounts for 1.1 percent of the whole mushroom flora, so that the variety is extremely few, and the situation is extremely endangered. Such varieties have attracted attention, for example, matsutake Mushroom has been included in the national secondary protection of plants.
(2) The rare group has great scientific value and is an important natural biological available resource in China. Such as Boletus abdominis (Gastroboletus), Russula (Russula), Amanita (Amanita), Axinangii-urn, and Corynebacteria (Termi Tomyces spp). More than 30 rare species belong to single species, and the special species of China are regionally distributed to represent the species group, become wiggery or remnant species in the evolution process, and have important biological and ecological significance for recovering the vegetation in the ecological environment. Although the artificial cultivation has been reported successfully, the product is not seen in the market and the price is still expensive only by smelling the name. Although success of cultivation is reported in morchella esculenta, boletus, russula, sparassis crispa, white ginseng, chanterelle and the like, market products are extremely deficient, and the existing prices are that dried morchella esculenta is 1500 yuan/kg, dried russula is 400 yuan/kg, and fresh chanterelle is 150 yuan/kg, so that the morchella esculenta is still in a stable position.
(3) Rare species refer primarily to groups that depend on natural wild forest ectomycorrhiza and symbiosis with insects. Such as truffle, matsutake, bolete, 5L fungi of JITU, russula, Pleurotus tuber-regium, Lepista nuda, chanterelle, Lactaria matsutake, Oudemansiella (Onchidium Aquilaria), Sparassis crispa, Cephalotaxus fortunei, Sarcophyta (Largehead), etc. The quantity of these rare varieties is extremely small. The 2007 statistical data of the national annual book of food shows that: the national yield of the tricholoma matsutake is only 1535 tons, the yield of the bolete is 16172 tons, and the yield of the morchella esculenta is 1082 tons. The total of the three products is 18789 tons, and only accounts for the total yield of 27 edible fungi varieties counted in the list. 682 ten thousand tons of the crude oil is 0.11 percent, the yield is extremely rare, and the price is not constant. Therefore, the realization of sustainable utilization of the artificial cultivation of wild edible fungi with bacteriorrhizal and insect properties is always the focus of the world's difficult problem and innovation research
For the existing fungus culture technology, the utilization rate of fungus sticks for culturing edible fungi is too low, so that the yield of the edible fungi is low, and a novel edible fungus high-yield culture technology is designed for improving the yield of the edible fungi and improving the energy utilization.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a closed-loop circulation mutual-benefit type edible fungus high-yield cultivation technology, and solves the problem of low utilization rate of fungus stick resources.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a closed-loop circulation mutual-benefit type edible fungus high-yield cultivation technology comprises the following preparation steps:
s1: the formula is as follows:
raw materials: wood dust, bran, sugar, compound fertilizer and lime;
proportioning: 85% of sawdust, 10% of bran, 2% of sugar, 1% of compound fertilizer and 2% of lime.
S2: mixing materials:
the raw materials are put into a stirrer and fully mixed.
S3: charging:
and filling the mixed raw materials into a culture bag through a filling machine to prepare the fungus stick.
S4, strain:
the liquid strain is injected into the bacteria stick by the injector, and the injection port is disinfected and marked.
S5: stacking:
and (4) placing the fungus sticks on a culture rack, controlling the environmental temperature and humidity, and culturing the edible fungi.
S6: hypha culture:
controlling the environmental temperature at 20-30 ℃, controlling the humidity at 60-65%, keeping the environment dark, paying attention to ventilation every day for about one hour, or setting oxygen supply equipment.
S7: solid culture:
controlling the environment temperature to be 10-25 ℃, controlling the humidity to be 85-95%, and regularly spraying water for humidification, wherein the water spraying interval is 3-4 hours; a light supplement device is added, the light source is in a scattering state, the illumination intensity is weak light intensity, the light requirement range is 200-1500 lux, and the illumination is kept; the ventilation is noticed, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the environment is reduced, and a gas detector can be added for auxiliary monitoring.
S8: picking:
picking and packaging mature edible fungi.
S9: waste material utilization:
after the fungus sticks are cultured by the edible fungi, a large amount of rich crude fibers and crude proteins are still contained in the fungus sticks;
(1) crushing the fungus sticks, adding 45% of fertilizer, 10% of bran, 2% of sugar, 1% of compound fertilizer and 2% of lime, mixing and charging again to prepare the fungus sticks;
(2) crushing, drying and sterilizing the fungus sticks to prepare fuel for combustion, wherein the fuel is used for maintaining the temperature in the cultivation shed;
(3) crushing the fungus stick, sterilizing, adding forage, bran, wheat bran, nutritional agent, etc., and making into feed for livestock breeding.
Preferably, in S3, the culture bag is made of high-pressure polyethylene.
Preferably, in S5, the injection site of the inoculated strain is placed so as to prevent the inner hyphae from growing slowly due to excessive squeezing.
Preferably, in S6, attention is paid to whether the culture bag is damaged, so as to ensure the integrity of the culture bag and to ensure that the hyphae inside the culture bag are not eroded by external fungi and affect the growth of the culture bag.
Preferably, in S7, the culture bag is partially opened, and the opening position depends on the arrangement of the fungus sticks and the kind of the fungus.
Preferably, in S8, the picked edible fungi may be preserved by drying, pickling, soaking in water, and the like, and may be preserved by corresponding treatment according to the marketing channel of the product.
Preferably, in S9, the excrement from livestock is collected, dried, sterilized, and made into fertilizer for (1), and the fertilizer is recycled to make the mushroom stick.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a closed-loop circulation mutual-benefit type edible mushroom high-yield cultivation technology. The method has the following beneficial effects:
1. through utilizing the fungus stick, the fungus stick that will accomplish edible mushroom production is handled through three kinds of modes, has improved the utilization ratio of fungus stick, through with fungus stick breakage, disinfection, add material, mix, make the fodder, feed and poultry and eat, collect the poultry excrement again, make fertilizer, mix with fungus stick breakage, add the breed composition, make new fungus stick, accomplish resource recycling, increase of production.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment of the invention provides a closed-loop circulation mutual-benefit type edible fungus high-yield cultivation technology, which comprises the following preparation steps:
s1: the formula is as follows:
raw materials: wood dust, bran, sugar, compound fertilizer and lime;
proportioning: 85% of sawdust, 10% of bran, 2% of sugar, 1% of compound fertilizer and 2% of lime.
S2: mixing materials:
the raw materials are put into a stirrer and fully mixed.
S3: charging:
and filling the mixed raw materials into a culture bag through a filling machine to prepare the fungus stick.
S4, strain:
the liquid strain is injected into the bacteria stick by the injector, and the injection port is disinfected and marked.
S5: stacking:
and (4) placing the fungus sticks on a culture rack, controlling the environmental temperature and humidity, and culturing the edible fungi.
S6: hypha culture:
controlling the environmental temperature at 20-30 ℃, controlling the humidity at 60-65%, keeping the environment dark, paying attention to ventilation every day for about one hour, or setting oxygen supply equipment.
S7: solid culture:
controlling the environment temperature to be 10-25 ℃, controlling the humidity to be 85-95%, and regularly spraying water for humidification, wherein the water spraying interval is 3-4 hours; a light supplement device is added, the light source is in a scattering state, the illumination intensity is weak light intensity, the light requirement range is 200-1500 lux, and the illumination is kept; the ventilation is noticed, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the environment is reduced, and a gas detector can be added for auxiliary monitoring.
S8: picking:
picking and packaging mature edible fungi.
S9: waste material utilization:
after the fungus sticks are cultured by the edible fungi, a large amount of rich crude fibers and crude proteins are still contained in the fungus sticks;
(1) crushing the fungus sticks, adding 45% of fertilizer, 10% of bran, 2% of sugar, 1% of compound fertilizer and 2% of lime, mixing and charging again to prepare the fungus sticks;
(2) crushing, drying and sterilizing the fungus sticks to prepare fuel for combustion, wherein the fuel is used for maintaining the temperature in the cultivation shed;
(3) crushing the fungus stick, sterilizing, adding forage, bran, wheat bran, nutritional agent, etc., and making into feed for livestock breeding.
In S3, the culture bag is made of high-pressure polyethylene.
In S5, the injection position of the inoculated strain is taken care of when the strain is placed, so that the phenomenon that the hyphae in the strain grows slowly due to excessive extrusion is avoided.
And S6, paying attention to whether the culture bag is damaged or not, ensuring the integrity of the culture bag, and ensuring that internal hyphae are not corroded by external fungi to influence the growth.
In S7, the culture bag is partially opened, and the position of the opening depends on the placement of the mushroom stick and the type of the mushroom.
In S8, the picked edible fungi can be preserved by drying, pickling, water immersion and the like, and are correspondingly treated and preserved according to the sale channel of the product.
S9, collecting the excrement of livestock, drying, sterilizing, preparing fertilizer for (1), and circularly preparing the bacteria stick.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A closed-loop circulation mutual-benefit type edible fungus high-yield cultivation technology is characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following preparation steps:
s1: the formula is as follows:
raw materials: wood dust, bran, sugar, compound fertilizer and lime;
proportioning: 85% of sawdust, 10% of bran, 2% of sugar, 1% of compound fertilizer and 2% of lime.
S2: mixing materials:
the raw materials are put into a stirrer and fully mixed.
S3: charging:
and filling the mixed raw materials into a culture bag through a filling machine to prepare the fungus stick.
S4, strain:
the liquid strain is injected into the bacteria stick by the injector, and the injection port is disinfected and marked.
S5: stacking:
and (4) placing the fungus sticks on a culture rack, controlling the environmental temperature and humidity, and culturing the edible fungi.
S6: hypha culture:
controlling the environmental temperature at 20-30 ℃, controlling the humidity at 60-65%, keeping the environment dark, paying attention to ventilation every day for about one hour, or setting oxygen supply equipment.
S7: solid culture:
controlling the environment temperature to be 10-25 ℃, controlling the humidity to be 85-95%, and regularly spraying water for humidification, wherein the water spraying interval is 3-4 hours; a light supplement device is added, the light source is in a scattering state, the illumination intensity is weak light intensity, the light requirement range is 200-1500 lux, and the illumination is kept; the ventilation is noticed, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the environment is reduced, and a gas detector can be added for auxiliary monitoring.
S8: picking:
picking and packaging mature edible fungi.
S9: waste material utilization:
after the fungus sticks are cultured by the edible fungi, a large amount of rich crude fibers and crude proteins are still contained in the fungus sticks;
(1) crushing the fungus sticks, adding 45% of fertilizer, 10% of bran, 2% of sugar, 1% of compound fertilizer and 2% of lime, mixing and charging again to prepare the fungus sticks;
(2) crushing, drying and sterilizing the fungus sticks to prepare fuel for combustion, wherein the fuel is used for maintaining the temperature in the cultivation shed;
(3) crushing the fungus stick, sterilizing, adding forage, bran, wheat bran, nutritional agent, etc., and making into feed for livestock breeding.
2. The closed-loop circulation mutual-benefit type edible fungus high-yield cultivation technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in S3, the culture bag is made of high-pressure polyethylene.
3. The closed-loop circulation mutual-benefit type edible fungus high-yield cultivation technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in S5, the injection position of the inoculated strains is taken care of when the strain is placed, so that the phenomenon that the hyphae in the strain grows slowly due to excessive extrusion is avoided.
4. The closed-loop circulation mutual-benefit type edible fungus high-yield cultivation technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step S6, paying attention to whether the culture bag is damaged or not, ensuring the integrity of the culture bag and ensuring that internal hyphae are not corroded by external fungi and influence the growth.
5. The closed-loop circulation mutual-benefit type edible fungus high-yield cultivation technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in S7, the culture bag is partially opened, and the position of the opening depends on the placement of the mushroom stick and the type of the mushroom.
6. The closed-loop circulation mutual-benefit type edible fungus high-yield cultivation technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S8, the picked edible fungi can be preserved by drying, pickling, water immersion and the like, and are correspondingly treated and preserved according to the sale channel of the product.
7. The closed-loop circulation mutual-benefit type edible fungus high-yield cultivation technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and S9, collecting the excrement of livestock raising, drying, sterilizing, and preparing into fertilizer for (1) and circularly preparing into bacteria sticks.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114967779A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-30 | 江苏国耳生物科技有限公司 | Intelligent stirring control system of edible mushroom cultivation material mixer |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114967779A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-30 | 江苏国耳生物科技有限公司 | Intelligent stirring control system of edible mushroom cultivation material mixer |
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Application publication date: 20210806 |