CN113207434A - Efficient leaf vegetable harvester system and control working method - Google Patents
Efficient leaf vegetable harvester system and control working method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113207434A CN113207434A CN202110480653.4A CN202110480653A CN113207434A CN 113207434 A CN113207434 A CN 113207434A CN 202110480653 A CN202110480653 A CN 202110480653A CN 113207434 A CN113207434 A CN 113207434A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D46/00—Picking of fruits, vegetables, hops, or the like; Devices for shaking trees or shrubs
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency leaf vegetable harvester system and a control working method, wherein the system comprises a header structure and a chassis vehicle-mounted device; the header structure is obliquely arranged at the vehicle-mounted front end of the chassis, and the low end of the header structure is close to the ground and correspondingly cut at the root of the leaf vegetables; the header structure inclined surface is the conveyer belt, just the conveyer belt is carried leaf dish to header structure high-order end and is dropped into the chassis and on-vehicle. The efficient leaf vegetable harvester system and the control working method provided by the invention have the effect of effectively and quickly harvesting and collecting leaf vegetables.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of leaf vegetable harvester systems.
Background
When the leaf vegetables are mature and need to be harvested, time and labor are wasted in harvesting due to the fact that the harvesting area is large, particularly in planting areas with low automation degree, harvesting is carried out only by means of manpower or some simple cutting machines, but the whole structure of the leaf vegetables can be damaged to a good degree, and the harvesting speed is low; when the harvester is operated for a long time, the freshness of the harvested leaf vegetables can be lost due to excessive water loss, and the quality is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the efficient leaf vegetable harvester system and the control working method, which can effectively and quickly harvest and collect leaf vegetables.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a high-efficiency leaf vegetable harvester system comprises a header structure and a chassis vehicle-mounted structure; the header structure is obliquely arranged at the vehicle-mounted front end of the chassis, and the low end of the header structure is close to the ground and correspondingly cut at the root of the leaf vegetables; the header structure inclined surface is the conveyer belt, just the conveyer belt is carried leaf dish to header structure high-order end and is dropped into the chassis and on-vehicle.
Further, the chassis vehicle comprises a frame and a frame bridge; the frame bridge comprises a bogie bridge and a front bridge; the whole frame is U-shaped; the frame is of a broken line type structure; a pedal is arranged in the middle of the frame; a seat is arranged at one end of the pedal; a steering bridge is correspondingly arranged at the bottom of the seat in the transverse direction; the other end of the pedal is correspondingly provided with a mounting rack; the bottom of the mounting rack is arranged at the same height with the pedal; the top of the mounting frame is of a box structure; the top of the mounting frame is downwards inclined towards one end far away from the pedal; a power supply power system is correspondingly arranged in the mounting rack; the inclined lower end of the mounting frame is correspondingly provided with a front bridge; two ends of the front frame bridge and the bogie bridge are respectively supported by wheel bearings, and the frame is arranged at a distance from the ground; and the header structure is erected on the inclined end surface of the mounting frame through a cross beam frame support.
Further, the header structure includes side panels; the symmetrical side plates are respectively arranged at the two sides of the mounting frame, and the middle parts and the top parts of the symmetrical side plates are fixedly connected through transverse plates and are of a frame structure; the frame structure is correspondingly and adaptively arranged on the inclined end surface of the mounting frame, and the frame structure is firmly fixed on the mounting frame through a cross beam; the cross beam frame comprises a hinge seat and a connecting rod; the hinge base is arranged in the middle of the high end of the mounting base, and the connecting rods extend from the hinge base to two ends of the transverse plate in the middle of the side plate to be fixedly connected; the upper cylinder of the front bridge is respectively in driving connection with two ends of the transverse plate in the middle of the side plate
A plurality of atomizing and water spraying devices are arranged on the inner wall of the middle part of the side plate at intervals and are communicated with the water pipe; the atomizing and water-spraying devices arranged oppositely are staggered; the atomization water spraying device on one side is a high-spraying device assembly, and the atomization water spraying device on the other side is a low-spraying device assembly; the high-spraying device assembly is arranged higher than the low-spraying device assembly on the same horizontal line, and a nozzle of the high-spraying device assembly is higher than a nozzle of the low-spraying device assembly; an intermittent air injection pipe is arranged on the side wall of the side plate and is communicated with an air compression device; the intermittent gas ejector pipe is arranged corresponding to one side of the high-spraying device assembly, and the intermittent gas ejector pipe is lower than the high-spraying device assembly and is arranged in a staggered mode; the intermittent gas ejector nozzle faces to the intersection of the mist ejected by the high-ejection device assembly and the low-ejection device assembly;
the water mist granularity sprayed by the high-spraying device assembly is larger than that sprayed by the low-spraying device assembly, normal-temperature water is filled in the low-spraying device assembly, and cold water is filled in the high-spraying device assembly; the water mist sprayed by the high-spraying device assembly forms a large-particle water mist barrier; the water mist sprayed by the low-spraying device assembly forms a vaporization area; the large particle water mist barrier shields the vaporization region, and gas sprayed by the intermittent gas spraying pipe corresponds to the intersection of large particle water mist and small particle water mist in the vaporization region to form a turbulent flow region;
the high-level end of the side plate is correspondingly covered with a blocking cover; the blocking cover is correspondingly covered on the high-position end of the conveying belt; the inner wall of the shield is curved, and a plurality of cold air pipes are arranged on the inner wall of the shield; the cold air pipe is communicated with the gas refrigerator; a cooling area is formed in the baffle cover; a bearing plate is arranged at the outlet of the cooling area and shields the outlet of the cooling area; the side wall of the bearing plate is rotationally connected with the inner wall of the shield through an elastic reset key; a vegetable collecting box is correspondingly arranged on the pedal below the blocking cover.
Furthermore, conveying belts are correspondingly arranged between the side plates, a driving device on the side plates is in driving connection with a rotating shaft on the conveying belts, and the conveying direction of the conveying belts faces to the high-position ends of the side plates; a screening structure is arranged at the low-position end of the conveying belt between the side plates, and one end of the screening structure corresponding to the conveying belt is correspondingly clamped on the low-position end of the conveying belt by a gap; the screening structure comprises a swing frame and an eccentric structure; eccentric structures are correspondingly arranged on the inner walls of the symmetrical side plates respectively; the symmetrical eccentric structures are correspondingly provided with swing frames, the swing frames are arranged at intervals in a staggered stacking mode, the eccentric structures respectively drive the swing frames to swing back and forth relatively, and the swing frames convey the vegetables on the conveying belt.
Further, the swing frame comprises a fixed rod and a screening plate; the screening plate blocks are arranged vertically in the lateral direction; the screening plate blocks are arranged in parallel at intervals; the fixed rods are connected in series at the bottom of the screening plate block at intervals; arc-shaped notches are formed among the plurality of fixing rods at the bottom of the screening plate block; notches are respectively formed at two ends of the bottom of the screening plate block; one end of the screening plate block, which corresponds to the conveying belt, is correspondingly clamped on the conveying belt through a notch; a through hole is formed in the side plate corresponding to the position of the fixing rod, and two ends of the fixing rod correspondingly penetrate through the through hole;
the eccentric structure comprises an eccentric wheel disc and a rotating main shaft; one end of each of the rotating main shafts is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the shell on the side wall of the side plate, and the power device in the shell drives the rotating main shafts to rotate through chains; the other ends of the rotating main shafts extend to be connected with the eccentric wheel discs in series respectively, the extending ends of the rotating main shafts are rotatably connected to the side walls of the side plates, and the central shafts of the adjacent eccentric wheel discs are arranged in a staggered mode; the eccentric wheel discs in the same plane are fixedly connected through the plate to form a traction wheel disc structure; traction plates are fixedly arranged at two ends of one side of the traction wheel disc structure, which is close to the ground, respectively; one ends of the traction plates, far away from the traction wheel disc structure, are respectively and fixedly connected to the penetrating ends of the fixing rods;
the traction wheel disc structure comprises a first traction wheel disc and a second traction wheel disc; the first traction wheel disc is higher than the second traction wheel disc; the ground-near end of the traction plate, close to the conveying belt, on the first traction wheel disc is obliquely downwards arranged towards one side of the conveying belt; the ground-near end of the traction plate, far away from the conveying belt, on the second traction wheel disc is downwards inclined towards one side far away from the conveying belt; crisscross stack setting between first drive rim plate fixed connection's the swing span and the swing span of second drive rim plate fixed connection, just first drive rim plate fixed connection's dead lever send the arc notch on the board piece corresponding to the sieve that the second drive rim plate is connected, just second drive rim plate fixed connection's dead lever sends the arc notch on the board piece corresponding to the sieve that first drive rim plate is connected.
Furthermore, a plurality of salient points are arranged on the surface of the screening plate; supporting rods are arranged on one side wall of the top of the screening plate block at intervals side by side; the rotating device in the screening plate block is in driving connection with one corresponding end of the supporting rod, and the other end of the supporting rod is arranged in a gap with the side wall of the adjacent screening plate block; the side wall of the supporting rod is fixedly provided with a plurality of salient points, and the rotating direction of the salient points on the supporting rod faces to the conveying belt; a screen structure is formed between the plurality of screen conveying plates and the plurality of support rods; a plurality of said screen structures which overlap chase undulating movements relative to each other.
Further, the low end of the side plate is correspondingly provided with a cutting knife structure; the low end of the side plate is fixedly provided with a parallel plate; the parallel plates are parallel to the ground; the cutter structure comprises a bracket; the bracket is of an inverted U-shaped structure, and two ends of the bracket are correspondingly fixed on the side walls of the parallel plates; the middle part of the side wall of the bracket, which is far away from the conveying belt, is correspondingly and adaptively provided with a U-shaped groove; swing arms are symmetrically arranged in the vertical direction at two ends of the U-shaped groove respectively; the middle part of the swing arm is stabilized in the U-shaped groove through an equal-height bolt, and the swing arm is rotatably connected with the equal-height bolt; a linkage shaft is arranged in the U-shaped groove in the transverse direction; two ends of the linkage shaft are respectively and rotatably connected with one corresponding end of the swing arm; a power structure is arranged in the U-shaped groove and corresponds to the swing arm at one end; the power structure comprises an eccentric shaft and a traction rod; the power device on the side wall of the U-shaped groove is in driving connection with the eccentric shaft; one end of the traction rod is rotatably connected to a boss of the eccentric shaft; the other end of the traction rod is hinged with the top of the swing arm at the corresponding end; the traction rod drives the plurality of swing arms to synchronously and reciprocally swing through the linkage shaft, and the swing arms drive the cutting ends of the cutting knife structures to reciprocally cut the leaf vegetables.
Further, the cutting knife structure comprises a cutting knife; the cutting knife is of a sheet structure, the cutting knife is arranged in parallel close to the ground, and the cutting knife is lower than the lowest end of the screen structure; one end of the cutting knife, which is far away from the conveying belt, is gradually reduced; the two ends of the cutting knife are respectively and fixedly connected with the bottom end of the swing arm, and the swing arm drives the cutting knife to reciprocate in the direction vertical to the advancing direction;
a plurality of accommodating holes are arranged on the enlarged end of the cutting knife and penetrate through the cutting knife; rolling wheel beads are correspondingly and adaptively arranged in the accommodating holes, and the edges of the rolling wheel beads protrude out of the accommodating holes; a transmission shaft penetrates through the cutting knife in the length direction; the transmission shaft is fixedly connected with a plurality of rolling wheel beads in series, a rotating device at one end of the cutting knife is in driving connection with one end of the transmission shaft, and the rolling direction of the rolling wheel beads is consistent with the advancing direction; a water cavity is formed in the middle of the rolling wheel bead; a water guide channel is arranged inside the transmission shaft in a penetrating way; one end of the water guide channel is communicated with the water pipe, and the water guide channel is connected with a plurality of water cavities in series; the edge of the rolling wheel bead is provided with a water leakage hole; the water cavity is communicated with the outside through a water outlet.
Further, the first step: the power source on the vehicle frame bridge drives the wheels to drive the vehicle frame to move, so that the header structure on the vehicle frame is driven to move, and the header structure can correspondingly harvest leaf vegetables;
the second step is that: a cutting knife on the cutting knife structure is driven by the swing arm to swing to cut the roots of the leaf vegetables in a reciprocating mode; the rolling wheel beads on the cutting knife sprinkle water on the knife face of the cutting knife, so that the cutting is facilitated;
the third step: the cut leaf vegetables are poured onto the screen structure in a proper way, then the plurality of screen structures which move relatively move back and forth in an up-and-down swinging mode to screen the leaf vegetables, and then the leaf vegetables are conveyed to a vegetable collection box through a conveying belt;
the fourth step: during the process of conveying the leaf vegetables by the conveying belt, the atomizing and water spraying device sprays water on the surfaces of the leaf vegetables, and then the leaf vegetables are cooled by cold air in a cooling interval.
Has the advantages that: the invention can rapidly and conveniently harvest the leaf vegetables and can keep the freshness of the leaf vegetables; including but not limited to the following benefits:
1) the eccentric structure drives the plurality of overlapped screen structures to move up and down and back and forth, so that the leaf vegetables can be correspondingly conveyed, soil on the leaf vegetables can be screened, and the work of manually removing the soil is reduced;
2) the rolling wheel beads spray water on the cutter face of the cutter, so that the function of lubricating the cutter face can be achieved, and the cutter can be used for better cutting; simultaneously, moisture sprayed by the rolling wheel beads can be scattered on the ground, so that the soil on the ground can be adsorbed, and excessive dust can be prevented from being generated in the cutting process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a harvester system;
FIG. 2 is a view of a chassis on-board configuration;
FIG. 3 is a cross-beam frame construction;
FIG. 4 is a view showing a structure of a cooling section;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a turbulent flow;
FIG. 6 is a screening configuration view;
FIG. 7 is an eccentric construction view;
FIG. 8 is a screen construction diagram;
FIG. 9 is a view of the structure of the swing frame;
FIG. 10 is a view of the structure of the strut;
FIG. 11 is a view of an eccentric disc structure;
FIG. 12 is a drawing of a plate construction;
FIG. 13 is a view of a cutter configuration;
FIG. 14 is a swing arm construction view;
FIG. 15 is a water conducting channel;
FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the structure of a rolling ball.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figures 1-16: a high-efficiency leaf vegetable harvester system comprises a header structure 1 and a chassis vehicle-mounted 2; the header structure 1 is obliquely arranged at the front end of the chassis vehicle-mounted 2, and the low end of the header structure 1 is close to the ground and correspondingly cut at the root of the leaf vegetables; the inclined surface of the header structure 1 is a conveying belt 11, and the conveying belt 11 conveys the leaf vegetables to the high end of the header structure 1 and drops into the chassis vehicle-mounted 2. The on-vehicle header structure that drives in chassis moves on the leaf dish soil and reaps, then carries through the conveyer belt and collect, convenient operation like this to can the efficient reap, improve the efficiency of reaping.
The chassis vehicle 2 comprises a frame 21 and a frame bridge 22; the truck bridge 22 comprises a steering bridge 221 and a front bridge 222; the frame 21 is U-shaped as a whole; the frame 21 is of a broken line type structure; a pedal 211 is arranged in the middle of the frame; one end of the pedal 211 is provided with a seat 212; a steering bridge 221 is correspondingly arranged at the bottom of the seat 212 in the transverse direction; the other end of the pedal 211 is correspondingly provided with a mounting rack 23; the bottom of the mounting rack 23 is arranged at the same height as the pedal 211; the top of the mounting frame 23 is of a box structure; the top of the mounting frame 23 is inclined downwards to the end far away from the pedal 211; a power supply power system 24 is correspondingly arranged in the mounting frame 23; the inclined lower end of the mounting rack 23 is correspondingly provided with a front bridge 222; the two ends of the front bridge 222 and the steering bridge 221 are respectively supported by wheel bearings, and the frame 21 is arranged at a distance from the ground; the header structure 1 is supported and erected on the inclined end face of the mounting frame 23 through a cross beam frame 24. People can sit on the seat and start the harvester through the operation panel to reap, set up chassis vehicle-mounted like this and can avoid using artifical promotion, save the labour to you can effectual acceleration harvest speed like this. The speed stabilizing control system adopts PID speed closed-loop control, so that the speed of the vehicle is constant and cannot stall whether the vehicle is in an uphill working condition or a downhill working condition; the stability of the harvesting operation can be ensured. A planetary speed reducing mechanism is arranged on a wheel rim to form a large speed reducing ratio drive axle, so that the vehicle can be ensured to have the performance of low speed and large torque, and the requirements of field working conditions and leaf vegetable harvesting are met. The vehicle is provided with a range extending system, under the condition of normal operation, the vehicle uses a battery to supply power for operation, and when the operation is busy and the charging is not in time, the range extending system can use gasoline to extend the range.
The header structure 1 comprises side plates 12; the symmetrical side plates 12 are respectively arranged at two sides of the mounting frame 23, and the middle parts and the top parts of the symmetrical side plates 12 are fixedly connected through a transverse plate 121, so that the side frame is of a frame structure; the frame structure is correspondingly and adaptively arranged on the inclined end surface of the mounting frame 23, and the frame structure is firmly fixed on the mounting frame 23 through a cross beam frame 24; the cross beam 24 comprises a hinge seat 241 and a connecting rod 242; the hinge base 241 is mounted in the middle of the high end of the mounting base 23, and the connecting rods 242 extend from the hinge base 241 to two ends of the transverse plate 121 in the middle of the side plate 12 to be fixedly connected; the air cylinders on the front bridge 222 are respectively in driving connection with two ends of the transverse plate 121 in the middle of the side plate 12, so that the height of the upper part and the lower part of the low end of the cutting table can be correspondingly controlled, and the cutting knife structure can be lifted up when not used, thereby avoiding damage in the transportation process; the cross-piece 24 thus stabilizes the frame structure on the chassis bed, which is more convenient in operational use.
A plurality of atomizing and water spraying devices 15 are arranged on the inner wall of the middle part of the side plate 12 at intervals, and the atomizing and water spraying devices 15 are communicated with a water pipe; the atomizing water-spraying devices 15 arranged oppositely are staggered; the atomizing water sprayer 15 on one side is a high sprayer assembly 156, and the atomizing water sprayer 15 on the other side is a low sprayer assembly 157; the high-spraying device assembly 156 is arranged higher than the low-spraying device assembly 157 on the same horizontal line, and the nozzle of the high-spraying device assembly 156 is higher than that of the low-spraying device assembly 157; an intermittent gas injection pipe 16 is arranged on the side wall of the side plate 12, and the intermittent gas injection pipe 16 is communicated with an air compression device; the intermittent gas ejector 16 is arranged corresponding to one side of the high-spraying device assembly 156, and the intermittent gas ejector 16 is lower than the high-spraying device assembly 156 and is arranged in a staggered manner; the intermittent gas ejector 16 orifices are oriented at the fog junction ejected by the high and low spray device assemblies 156 and 157; the middle part of the conveying belt is provided with the atomizing structure, so that an atomizing layer can be formed on the surface of the leaf vegetables, and cold air crystallization is conveniently matched for preservation; the air compression device intermittently injects air to the turbulent flow region at the intersection of the fog sprayed by the high spraying device assembly 156 and the low spraying device assembly 157 through the intermittent air injection pipe, so that more fog in the turbulent flow region is dispersed, and the fog can be more uniformly attached to the surfaces of the leafy vegetables when falling onto the leafy vegetables; the better fresh-keeping after cooling crystallization is facilitated;
the granularity of the water mist sprayed by the high-pressure spraying device assembly 156 is larger than that of the water mist sprayed by the low-pressure spraying device assembly 157, the low-pressure spraying device assembly 157 is filled with normal-temperature water, and the high-pressure spraying device assembly 156 is filled with cold water; the water mist sprayed by the high spray assembly 156 forms a large particle water mist barrier 158; the water mist sprayed by the low spray device assembly 157 forms a vaporization region 159; the large particle mist barrier 158 is shielded in the vaporization region 159, and the gas ejected from the intermittent gas ejector 16 corresponds to the intersection of the large particle mist and the small particle mist in the vaporization region 159 to form a turbulent flow region 160; the formed water mist in the vaporization area is diffused quickly, the formed large-particle water mist barrier can play a certain role in limiting diffusion, and the large-particle water mist can carry small-particle water mist to uniformly fall onto the surfaces of the leaf vegetables in the falling process of the large-particle water mist; meanwhile, excessive water mist in the turbulent flow area is also dispersed, so that the water mist can be more uniformly dispersed, the water mist is prevented from diffusing outwards, and the water mist is better and uniformly attached to the leaf vegetables; meanwhile, water mist with high temperature in the vaporization region is more easily vaporized, the water mist in the large-particle water mist barrier is low in temperature, the too fast vaporization of the water mist in the vaporization region can be well limited, the water mist is prevented from diffusing outwards to cause loss, and the intermittent air injection pipe intermittently injects air to the turbulent flow region, so that the water drops formed by too fast intersection of the too much water mist are avoided, and the effect of forming a mist layer on the surface of the leaf vegetables cannot be achieved;
the high-position end of the side plate 12 is correspondingly covered with a blocking cover 151; the blocking cover 151 correspondingly covers the discharge end at the high-position end of the conveyer belt 11; the inner wall of the shield 151 is curved, and a plurality of cold air pipes 152 are arranged on the inner wall of the shield 151; the cold gas pipe 152 is in communication with a gas refrigerator; a cooling area 153 is formed in the shield 152; a bearing plate 155 is arranged at the outlet of the cooling area 153, and the bearing plate 155 shields the outlet of the cooling area 153; the side wall of the bearing plate 155 is rotatably connected with the inner wall of the shield 151 through an elastic reset key; the leaf vegetables are temporarily stored and accumulated on the bearing plate after entering the cooling area, when a certain weight is reached, the bearing plate descends to open the outlet, and the leaf vegetables can fall into the vegetable receiving box, so that enough time can be reserved for cooling and crystallizing the water mist on the surface of the leaf vegetables, and a good fresh-keeping effect is achieved; a vegetable collecting box 154 is correspondingly arranged on the pedal 211 below the shield 152. During the conveying process of the conveying belt, the atomizing and water spraying device atomizes water on the surfaces of the leaf vegetables, so that the leaf vegetables can be kept fresh, and the influence on the quality due to excessive water loss of the leaf vegetables in the harvesting operation is avoided; meanwhile, when the leaf vegetables pass through the cooling area, the cold air can correspondingly cool the leaf vegetables and the moisture on the surfaces of the leaf vegetables, so that the leaf vegetables can be kept fresh after being collected in the vegetable collection box; therefore, the leaf vegetables are subjected to primary cooling preservation treatment during collection, and are dispersedly accumulated, so that the preservation effect of the dispersive treatment is better than that of the centralized treatment; therefore, the loss of moisture in the transportation process can be reduced, and the effect of refreshing is better than that of refreshing in the later storage process.
The conveying belts 11 are correspondingly arranged between the side plates 12, the driving device on the side plates 12 is in driving connection with the rotating shafts on the conveying belts 11, and the conveying direction of the conveying belts 11 faces to the high-position ends of the side plates 12; a screening structure 4 is arranged at the low end of the conveying belt 11 between the side plates 12, and the screening structure 4 is correspondingly clamped on the low end of the conveying belt 11 at a gap corresponding to one end of the conveying belt 11; the screening structure 4 comprises a swing frame 41 and an eccentric structure 42; the inner walls of the symmetrical side plates 12 are respectively and correspondingly provided with an eccentric structure 42; swing frames 41 are correspondingly arranged between the symmetrical eccentric structures 42, the swing frames 41 are arranged at staggered stacking intervals, the eccentric structures 42 respectively drive the swing frames 41 to swing back and forth relatively, and the swing frames 41 convey the vegetables to the conveying belt 11. The eccentric structure drives the swing frames to move up and down correspondingly, so that the leaf vegetables can be conveyed, the effect of screening soil on the leaf vegetables can be achieved, the cost of manual cleaning is reduced, the treatment efficiency is high, and labor force can be saved.
The swing frame 41 includes a fixing rod 411 and a screening plate 412; the screening plate block 412 is arranged vertically in the lateral direction; the screening plate blocks 412 are arranged in parallel at intervals; the fixed rods 411 are connected in series at the bottom of the screening plate 412 and are arranged at intervals; an arc-shaped notch 413 is formed among the plurality of fixing rods 411 at the bottom of the screening plate 412; notches 414 are respectively formed at two ends of the bottom of the screening plate 412; one end of the screening plate block 412, corresponding to the conveyer belt 11, is correspondingly clamped on the conveyer belt 11 through a notch 414; a through hole 123 is formed in the side plate 12 at a position corresponding to the fixing rod 411, and two ends of the fixing rod 411 correspondingly penetrate through the through hole 123; the eccentric structure drives the fixed rod to swing in a reciprocating mode in the advancing direction at the two ends of the swing frame, so that leaf vegetables can be conveyed correspondingly by the screening plate block, soil on the leaf vegetables can be screened simultaneously, and manual cleaning is avoided.
The eccentric structure 42 comprises an eccentric wheel disc 421 and a rotating main shaft 422; one end of each of the rotating main shafts 422 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the housing 122 on the side wall of the side plate 12, and a power device in the housing 122 drives the rotating main shafts 422 to rotate through chains 423; the other ends of the rotating spindles 422 extend to be connected with the eccentric discs 421 in series respectively, the extending ends of the rotating spindles 422 are rotatably connected to the side walls of the side plates 12, and the central axes of the adjacent eccentric discs 421 are staggered; a plurality of eccentric wheel discs 421 in the same plane are fixedly connected through a plate 424 to form a traction wheel disc structure 425; the two ends of the traction wheel disc structure 425 close to the ground are respectively and fixedly provided with a traction plate 426; one end of the traction plate 426, which is far away from the traction wheel disc structure 425, is respectively and fixedly connected to the penetrating ends of the plurality of fixing rods 411; the power device drives the chains to move, and then drives the plurality of rotating main shafts to rotate; then the main shaft is rotated to drive the eccentric wheel discs to move, so that the motion swing ranges and heights of the eccentric wheel discs at different eccentric positions are different, the eccentric wheel discs correspondingly move up and down and back and forth, the swing frame can be driven to move up and down, and leaf vegetables can be screened correspondingly.
The traction sheave structure 425 includes a first traction sheave 427 and a second traction sheave 428; the first traction sheave 427 is disposed higher than the second traction sheave 428; the near end of the first traction wheel disc 427, which is close to the traction plate 426 of the conveyor belt 11, is inclined downwards towards one side of the conveyor belt 11; the near end of the second traction wheel disc 428 far away from the traction plate 426 of the conveying belt is inclined downwards to the side far away from the conveying belt 11; the swing frame 41 fixedly connected with the first traction wheel disc 427 and the swing frame 41 fixedly connected with the second traction wheel disc 428 are arranged in a staggered and stacked mode, the fixing rod 411 fixedly connected with the first traction wheel disc 427 corresponds to the arc-shaped notch 413 on the screening plate block 412 connected with the second traction wheel disc 428, and the fixing rod 411 fixedly connected with the second traction wheel disc corresponds to the arc-shaped notch 413 on the screening plate block 412 connected with the first traction wheel disc 427; the staggered screening and conveying plates move along the circumference in a phase difference of 180 degrees, and then screening and conveying are carried out. The first traction wheel disc 427 and the second traction wheel disc 428 do rolling motion under the action of the rotation main shaft, so that the screen structure is driven to perform rolling motion in a catch-up mode, leaf vegetables on the screen structure can be conveyed, soil on the leaf vegetables can be screened, and manual operation is avoided.
A plurality of salient points 415 are arranged on the surface of the screening plate 412; the side wall of the top of the screening plate 412 is provided with support rods 416 in parallel at intervals; the rotating device in the screening plate block 412 is in driving connection with one end of the supporting rod 416 corresponding to the rotating device, and the other end of the supporting rod 416 is arranged in a gap with the side wall of the adjacent screening plate block 412; the side wall of the supporting rod 416 is fixedly provided with a plurality of salient points 415, and the rotating direction of the salient points 415 on the supporting rod 416 faces to the conveying belt 11; a screen mesh structure 417 is formed between the screening plate blocks 412 and the supporting rods 416; the overlapping screen structures 417 chase undulation against each other.
The low end of the side plate 12 is correspondingly provided with a cutting knife structure 3; the low end of the side plate 12 is fixedly provided with a parallel plate 124; the parallel plates 124 are parallel to ground; the cutting blade arrangement 3 comprises a bracket 31; the bracket 31 is of an inverted U-shaped structure, and two ends of the bracket 31 correspond to the side walls of the fixed parallel plates 124; the middle part of the side wall of the bracket 31 far away from the conveying belt 11 is correspondingly and adaptively provided with a U-shaped groove 311; the two ends of the U-shaped groove 311 are respectively and symmetrically provided with a swinging arm 32 in the vertical direction; the middle part of the swing arm 32 is stabilized in the U-shaped groove 321 through an equal-height bolt 322, and the swing arm 32 is rotatably connected with the equal-height bolt 322; a linkage shaft 321 is arranged in the U-shaped groove 311 in the transverse direction; two ends of the linkage shaft 321 are respectively and rotatably connected with one corresponding end of the swing arm 32; a power structure 33 is arranged in the U-shaped groove 311 corresponding to the swing arm 32 at one end; the power structure 33 comprises an eccentric shaft 331 and a traction rod 332; the power device on the side wall of the U-shaped groove 311 is in driving connection with the eccentric shaft 331; one end of the draw bar 332 is rotatably connected to a boss 333 of the eccentric shaft 331; the other end of the traction rod 332 is hinged with the top of the swing arm 32 at the corresponding end; the traction rod 332 drives the plurality of swing arms 32 to synchronously swing back and forth through the linkage shaft 321, and the swing arms 32 drive the cutting ends of the cutting knife structure 3 to cut the leaf vegetables back and forth. The power device drives the eccentric shaft to rotate, then the boss on the eccentric shaft and the eccentric shaft are arranged eccentrically, so that the boss can drive the traction rod to swing back and forth, then the traction rod correspondingly draws the swing arms back and forth, and under the action of the coupler, the swing arms synchronously reciprocate to further drive the cutting knife to reciprocate, so that the vegetables can be cut efficiently and quickly.
The cutter structure 3 comprises a cutter 34; the cutting knife 34 is of a sheet structure, the cutting knife 34 is arranged in parallel close to the ground, and the cutting knife 34 is lower than the lowest end of the screen structure 417; the cutting knife 34 is gradually reduced away from one end of the conveying belt 11; two ends of the cutting knife 34 are respectively and fixedly connected with the bottom end of the swing arm 32, and the swing arm 32 drives the cutting knife 34 to reciprocate in a direction perpendicular to the advancing direction; therefore, when the chassis is carried on a vehicle and moves forward, the leaf vegetables can be cut and collected.
A plurality of accommodating holes 341 are arranged on the enlarged end of the cutting knife 34, and the accommodating holes 341 penetrate through the cutting knife 34; the accommodating hole 341 is correspondingly and adaptively provided with a rolling wheel bead 342, and the edge of the rolling wheel bead 232 protrudes out of the accommodating hole 341; a transmission shaft 343 penetrates through the cutting knife 34 in the length direction; the transmission shaft 343 is fixedly connected with a plurality of rolling wheel beads 342 in series, a rotating device at one end of the cutting knife 34 is in driving connection with one end of the transmission shaft 343, and the rolling direction of the rolling wheel beads 342 is consistent with the advancing direction; a water cavity 344 is formed in the middle of the rolling wheel bead 342; a water guide channel 345 is formed in the transmission shaft 343 in a penetrating manner; one end of the water guide channel 345 is communicated with a water pipe, and the water guide channel 345 is connected in series with a plurality of water cavities 344; the edge of the rolling wheel bead 342 is provided with a water leakage hole 346; the water cavity 344 is communicated with the outside through a water leakage hole 346; the water in the water pipe passes through the water cavity through the water guide channel and is discharged from the water outlet hole. When the cutting knife cuts the leaf vegetables, the rolling wheel beads can correspondingly drive the roots of the leaf vegetables to move, so that the phenomenon that some leaf vegetables are clamped on the cutting knife when the cutting knife cuts can be avoided, and meanwhile, the rolling wheel beads spray water on the knife face of the cutting knife, so that the effect of lubricating the knife face can be achieved, and the cutting knife can be used for better cutting; simultaneously, moisture sprayed by the rolling wheel beads can be scattered on the ground, so that the soil on the ground can be adsorbed, excessive dust can be prevented from being caused in the cutting process, the surfaces of the leaf vegetables are covered, and the cleaning work is reduced.
The first step is as follows: the power source on the frame bridge 22 drives the wheels to drive the frame 21 to move, and further drives the header structure 1 on the frame 21 to move, so that the header structure 1 can correspondingly harvest leaf vegetables; therefore, the harvesting can be conveniently carried out through the vehicle-mounted driving of the chassis, the labor force is saved, and the use of hand pushing is avoided.
The second step is that: the cutting knife 34 on the cutting knife structure 3 is driven by the swing arm 32 to swing and cut the root of the leaf vegetables in a reciprocating manner; the rolling wheel beads 342 on the cutter 34 sprinkle water on the cutter surface of the cutter 34, so that the cutting is facilitated; the cutting knife moves back and forth to cut the root of the leaf vegetables, so that the effect of collecting the leaf vegetables can be achieved, manual harvesting is avoided, and the harvesting efficiency is improved.
The third step: the cut leaf vegetables are poured onto the screen structure 417, and then the plurality of screen structures 417 which move relatively move back and forth in an up-and-down swinging manner to screen the leaf vegetables, and then the leaf vegetables are conveyed to the vegetable collection box 154 through the conveying belt 11; like this a plurality of overlapping screen cloth structure fluctuation fore-and-aft swing, corresponding just can convey the leaf dish to can sieve earth on the leaf dish, reduce the work that artifical earth was got rid of.
The fourth step: during the process of conveying the leaf vegetables by the conveyor belt 11, the atomizing and water spraying device 15 sprays water on the surfaces of the leaf vegetables, and then the leaf vegetables are cooled by cold air through the cooling section 153. Some moisture is sprayed on the leaf vegetables in the conveying process, and then when the leaf vegetables are cooled, the moisture and the leaf vegetables are cooled, so that a good fresh-keeping effect can be achieved.
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and finishes can be made without departing from the principles of the invention, and such modifications and finishes are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a high-efficient leaf dish harvester system which characterized in that: comprises a header structure (1) and a chassis vehicle-mounted structure (2); the header structure (1) is obliquely arranged at the front end of the chassis vehicle-mounted part (2), and the low end of the header structure (1) is close to the ground and correspondingly cut at the root of the leaf vegetables; the header structure (1) inclined surface is conveyer belt (11), just leaf dish is carried to header structure (1) high-order end to conveyer belt (11) and drops into in the chassis is on-vehicle (2).
2. The efficient leafy vegetable harvester system of claim 1, wherein: the chassis vehicle (2) comprises a frame (21) and a frame bridge (22); the truck bridge (22) comprises a bogie bridge (221) and a front bridge (222); the frame (21) is integrally U-shaped; the frame (21) is of a broken line type structure; a pedal (211) is arranged in the middle of the frame; one end of the pedal (211) is provided with a seat (212); a steering bridge (221) is correspondingly arranged at the bottom of the seat (212) in the transverse direction; the other end of the pedal (211) is correspondingly provided with a mounting rack (23); the bottom of the mounting rack (23) is arranged at the same height as the pedal (211); the top of the mounting rack (23) is of a box structure; the top of the mounting frame (23) is downwards inclined towards one end far away from the pedal (211); a power supply power system (24) is correspondingly arranged in the mounting frame (23); the inclined lower end of the mounting rack (23) is correspondingly provided with a front bridge (222); the two ends of the front frame bridge (222) and the bogie bridge (221) are respectively supported by wheel bearing frames, and the frame (21) is arranged at a distance from the ground; the header structure (1) is supported and erected on the inclined end face of the mounting rack (23) through a cross beam frame (24).
3. The efficient leafy vegetable harvester system of claim 2, wherein: the header structure (1) comprises side plates (12); the symmetrical side plates (12) are respectively arranged at two sides of the mounting rack (23), and the middle parts and the top parts of the symmetrical side plates (12) are fixedly connected through a transverse plate (121) to form a frame structure; the frame structure is correspondingly and adaptively arranged on the inclined end surface of the mounting frame (23), and the frame structure is firmly fixed on the mounting frame (23) through a cross beam frame (24); the cross beam frame (24) comprises a hinge seat (241) and a connecting rod (242); the hinge seat (241) is arranged in the middle of the high end of the mounting seat (23), and the connecting rods (242) extend from the hinge seat (241) to two ends of the transverse plate (121) in the middle of the side plate (12) to be fixedly connected; the air cylinders on the front bridge (222) are respectively in driving connection with two ends of a transverse plate (121) in the middle of the side plate (12);
a plurality of atomizing and water spraying devices (15) are arranged on the inner wall of the middle part of the side plate (12) at intervals, and the atomizing and water spraying devices (15) are communicated with a water pipe; the atomizing and water spraying devices (15) arranged oppositely are staggered; the atomization water spraying device (15) on one side is a high spraying device assembly (156), and the atomization water spraying device (15) on the other side is a low spraying device assembly (157); the high-spraying device assembly (156) is arranged higher than the low-spraying device assembly (157) on the same horizontal line, and the nozzle of the high-spraying device assembly (156) is higher than that of the low-spraying device assembly (157); an intermittent air injection pipe (16) is arranged on the side wall of the side plate (12), and the intermittent air injection pipe (16) is communicated with an air compression device; the intermittent gas injection pipe (16) is arranged corresponding to one side of the high-spraying device assembly (156), and the intermittent gas injection pipe (16) is lower than the high-spraying device assembly (156) and is staggered; the nozzle of the intermittent gas ejector pipe (16) faces to the junction of the mist ejected by the high-spraying device assembly (156) and the low-spraying device assembly (157);
the granularity of water mist sprayed by the high-spraying device assembly (156) is larger than that of water mist sprayed by the low-spraying device assembly (157), normal-temperature water is filled in the low-spraying device assembly (157), and cold water is filled in the high-spraying device assembly (156); the water mist sprayed by the high spray assembly (156) forms a large particle water mist barrier (158); a mist sprayed by the low spray device assembly (157) forms a vaporization region (159); the large particle water mist barrier (158) is shielded in the vaporization area (159), and the gas sprayed by the intermittent gas spraying pipe (16) corresponds to the junction of the large particle water mist and the small particle water mist in the vaporization area (159) to form a turbulent flow area (160);
the high-position end of the side plate (12) is correspondingly covered with a blocking cover (151); the blocking cover (151) correspondingly covers the discharge end at the high-position end of the conveying belt (11); the inner wall of the blocking cover (151) is of a curved surface type, and a plurality of cold air pipes (152) are arranged on the inner wall of the blocking cover (151); the cold gas pipe (152) is communicated with a gas refrigerator; a cooling area (153) is formed in the shield cover (151); a bearing plate (155) is arranged at the outlet position of the cooling area (153), and the bearing plate (155) shields the outlet of the cooling area (153); the side wall of the bearing plate (155) is rotationally connected with the inner wall of the shield (151) through an elastic reset key; a vegetable collecting box (154) is correspondingly arranged on the pedal (211) below the shield (152).
4. The efficient leafy vegetable harvester system of claim 3, wherein: the conveying belts (11) are correspondingly arranged between the side plates (12), the driving devices on the side plates (12) are in driving connection with the rotating shafts on the conveying belts (11), and the conveying direction of the conveying belts (11) faces to the high-position ends of the side plates (12); a screening structure (4) is arranged at the low end of the conveying belt (11) between the side plates (12), and one end of the screening structure (4) corresponding to the conveying belt (11) is correspondingly clamped on the low end of the conveying belt (11) through a gap; the screening structure (4) comprises a swing frame (41) and an eccentric structure (42); eccentric structures (42) are correspondingly arranged on the inner walls of the symmetrical side plates (12) respectively; swing brackets (41) are correspondingly arranged between the symmetrical eccentric structures (42), the swing brackets (41) are arranged at intervals in a staggered and stacked mode, the eccentric structures (42) respectively drive the swing brackets (41) to swing back and forth relatively, and the swing brackets (41) convey the leafy vegetables to the conveying belt (11).
5. The efficient leafy vegetable harvester system of claim 4, wherein: the swing frame (41) comprises a fixed rod (411) and a screening plate block (412); the screening plate block (412) is arranged vertically in the lateral direction; the screening plates (412) are arranged in parallel at intervals; the fixed rods (411) are connected in series at the bottom of the screening plate (412) at intervals; an arc-shaped notch (413) is formed among a plurality of fixing rods (411) at the bottom of the screening plate block (412); notches (414) are respectively formed at two ends of the bottom of the screening plate block (412); one end of the screening plate (412) corresponding to the conveying belt (11) is correspondingly clamped on the conveying belt (11) through a notch (414); a through hole (123) is formed in the side plate (12) corresponding to the position of the fixing rod (411), and two ends of the fixing rod (411) correspondingly penetrate through the through hole (123);
the eccentric structure (42) comprises an eccentric wheel disc (421) and a rotating main shaft (422); one ends of the rotating main shafts (422) are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the shell (122) on the side wall of the side plate (12), and a power device in the shell (122) drives the rotating main shafts (422) to rotate through a chain (423); the other ends of the rotating main shafts (422) extend to be connected with the eccentric wheel discs (421) in series respectively, the extending ends of the rotating main shafts (422) are rotatably connected to the side walls of the side plates (12), and the central shafts of the adjacent eccentric wheel discs (421) are arranged in a staggered mode; a plurality of eccentric wheel discs (421) in the same plane are fixedly connected through a plate (424) to form a traction wheel disc structure (425); the two ends of the traction wheel disc structure (425) close to the ground are respectively and fixedly provided with a traction plate (426); one ends of the traction plates (426) far away from the traction wheel disc structure (425) are respectively and fixedly connected to the penetrating ends of the fixing rods (411);
the traction sheave structure (425) comprises a first traction sheave (427) and a second traction sheave (428); the first traction wheel disc (427) is higher than the second traction wheel disc (428); the ground-near end of a traction plate (426) close to the conveying belt (11) on the first traction wheel disc (427) is obliquely downwards arranged towards one side of the conveying belt (11); the ground-near end of the traction plate (426) far away from the conveying belt on the second traction wheel disc (428) is downwards inclined towards one side far away from the conveying belt (11); swing span (41) that first drive rim plate (427) fixed connection and swing span (41) that second drive rim plate (428) fixed connection are crisscross the pile setting between, and the dead lever (411) of first drive rim plate (427) fixed connection is corresponding to arc notch (413) on the sieve sending plate piece (412) that second drive rim plate (428) are connected, and dead lever (411) of second drive rim plate fixed connection is corresponding to arc notch (413) on the sieve sending plate piece (412) that first drive rim plate (427) is connected.
6. The efficient leafy vegetable harvester system of claim 5, wherein: a plurality of salient points (415) are arranged on the surface of the screening plate (412); supporting rods (416) are arranged on one side wall of the top of the screening plate block (412) in parallel at intervals; the rotating device in the screening and conveying plate block (412) is in driving connection with one corresponding end of the supporting rod (416), and the other end of the supporting rod (416) is arranged in a gap with the side wall of the adjacent screening and conveying plate block (412); the side wall of the supporting rod (416) is fixedly provided with a plurality of salient points (415), and the rotating direction of the salient points (415) on the supporting rod (416) faces to the conveying belt (11); a screen structure (417) is formed between the screening plates (412) and the supporting rods (416); the overlapping screen structures (417) chase an undulating movement to each other.
7. The efficient leafy vegetable harvester system of claim 6, wherein: the low end of the side plate (12) is correspondingly provided with a cutting knife structure (3); the low end of the side plate (12) is fixedly provided with a parallel plate (124); the parallel plates (124) are parallel to the ground; the cutting blade structure (3) comprises a bracket (31); the support (31) is of an inverted U-shaped structure, and two ends of the support (31) are correspondingly fixed on the side walls of the parallel plates (124); the middle part of the side wall of the bracket (31) far away from the conveyor belt (11) is correspondingly and adaptively provided with a U-shaped groove (311); swing arms (32) are symmetrically arranged at the two ends of the U-shaped groove (311) in the vertical direction respectively; the middle part of the swing arm (32) is stabilized in the U-shaped groove (321) through an equal-height bolt (322), and the swing arm (32) is rotatably connected with the equal-height bolt (322); a linkage shaft (321) is arranged in the U-shaped groove (311) in the transverse direction; two ends of the linkage shaft (321) are respectively and rotatably connected with one corresponding end of the swing arm (32); a power structure (33) is arranged in the U-shaped groove (311) corresponding to the swing arm (32) at one end; the power structure (33) comprises an eccentric shaft (331) and a traction rod (332); the power device on the side wall of the U-shaped groove (311) is in driving connection with the eccentric shaft (331); one end of the draw bar (332) is rotatably connected to a boss (333) of the eccentric shaft (331); the other end of the traction rod (332) is hinged with the top of the swing arm (32) at the corresponding end; the traction rod (332) drives the swing arms (32) to synchronously swing back and forth through the linkage shaft (321), and the swing arms (32) drive the cutting ends of the cutting knife structures (3) to cut leaf vegetables back and forth.
8. The efficient leafy vegetable harvester system of claim 7, wherein: the cutting knife structure (3) comprises a cutting knife (34); the cutting knife (34) is of a sheet structure, the cutting knife (34) is arranged close to the ground in parallel, and the cutting knife (34) is lower than the lowest end of the screen structure (417); one end of the cutting knife (34) far away from the conveying belt (11) is gradually reduced; two ends of the cutting knife (34) are respectively and fixedly connected with the bottom end of the swing arm (32), and the swing arm (32) drives the cutting knife (34) to reciprocate in the direction vertical to the advancing direction;
a plurality of containing holes (341) are arranged on the enlarged end of the cutting knife (34), and the containing holes (341) penetrate through the cutting knife (34); rolling wheel beads (342) are correspondingly and adaptively arranged in the accommodating holes (341), and the edges of the rolling wheel beads (232) protrude out of the accommodating holes (341); a transmission shaft (343) penetrates through the cutting knife (34) in the length direction; the transmission shaft (343) is fixedly connected with a plurality of rolling wheel beads (342) in series, a rotating device at one end of the cutting knife (34) is in driving connection with one end of the transmission shaft (343), and the rolling direction of the rolling wheel beads (342) is consistent with the advancing direction; a water cavity (344) is formed in the middle of the rolling wheel bead (342); a water guide channel (345) is arranged in the transmission shaft (343) in a penetrating way; one end of the water guide channel (345) is communicated with a water pipe, and the water guide channel (345) is connected in series with a plurality of water cavities (344); the edge of the rolling wheel bead (342) is provided with a water emitting hole (346); the water chamber (344) communicates with the outside through a water emitting hole (346).
9. The control working method of the high-efficiency leafy vegetable harvester system according to any one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first step: the power source on the frame bridge (22) drives wheels to drive the frame (21) to move, and further drives the header structure (1) on the frame (21) to move, so that the header structure (1) can correspondingly harvest leaf vegetables;
the second step is that: a cutting knife (34) on the cutting knife structure (3) is driven by a swing arm (32) to swing to cut the roots of the leaf vegetables in a reciprocating manner; the rolling wheel beads (342) on the cutting knife (34) sprinkle water on the knife surface of the cutting knife (34) to facilitate cutting;
the third step: the cut leaf vegetables are poured on the screen structure (417) in a proper way, then the plurality of screen structures (417) which move relatively move back and forth in an up-and-down swinging manner to screen the leaf vegetables, and then the leaf vegetables are conveyed to the vegetable collection box (154) through the conveying belt (11);
the fourth step: during the process of conveying the leaf vegetables by the conveying belt (11), the atomizing and water spraying device (15) sprays water on the surfaces of the leaf vegetables, and then the leaf vegetables are cooled by cold air through the cooling section (153).
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| CN202110480653.4A CN113207434B (en) | 2021-04-30 | 2021-04-30 | Efficient leaf vegetable harvester system and control working method |
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| CN113207434B (en) | 2022-07-26 |
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