CN113207338B - Ditching-free fertilizer-soil mixed fertilization method for organic fertilizer in orchard and fertilizer applicator - Google Patents
Ditching-free fertilizer-soil mixed fertilization method for organic fertilizer in orchard and fertilizer applicator Download PDFInfo
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- CN113207338B CN113207338B CN202110715321.XA CN202110715321A CN113207338B CN 113207338 B CN113207338 B CN 113207338B CN 202110715321 A CN202110715321 A CN 202110715321A CN 113207338 B CN113207338 B CN 113207338B
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 330
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 title abstract description 32
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002881 soil fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 244000298697 Actinidia deliciosa Species 0.000 description 9
- 235000009436 Actinidia deliciosa Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a ditching-free fertilizer-soil mixed fertilization method for organic fertilizer in an orchard and a fertilizer applicator, and belongs to the field of fertilizer application machinery. The organic fertilizer is spread on one side or two sides of the soil surface between the rows of the orchard in a mechanized mode, and is mixed into the orchard soil, the organic fertilizer is in gradual change distribution proportion under different soil depths, and meanwhile, the soil surface is free from fertilizer exposure. The fertilizer distributor mainly comprises a wheeled tractor, a traction type vehicle body, a carriage, a fertilizer device, a fertilizer throwing device, a rotating frame, a fertilizer mixing device, a torsion-resistant device, a damping device, a swinging device and a hydraulic system. The method and the fertilizer applicator are suitable for the fertilizer application operation of the organic fertilizer in the orchard, on one hand, the organic fertilizer is applied to the position suitable for the growth of the fruit trees in proportion, the application quality of the fertilizer is improved, on the other hand, the fertilizer applicator can finish the fertilizer strip laying and soil mixing operation at one time under the condition of not ditching, the application efficiency of the organic fertilizer in the orchard is improved, the labor intensity is reduced, and a new device is provided for the field of agricultural machinery equipment in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a ditching-free fertilizer-soil mixed fertilization method and a fertilizer applicator for organic fertilizer in an orchard, and relates to the field of fertilization machinery, in particular to the field of orchard fertilization machinery.
Background
The kiwi fruit which is called as the fruit king, the world fruit king and the vitamin C fruit king has extremely high nutrition value, has special health care function, is a high-grade nourishing nutrition product and a green health care product, and is widely used in the fields of medical care, beauty care, skin care, eating and the like.
An important link in the production management of kiwi fruits is a fertilization link of an orchard, and the fertilization of the orchard has a decisive effect on improving the quality and the yield of kiwi fruits. The problem of improper fertilization of kiwi fruit orchards in China generally exists, the prior kiwi fruit orchards are mainly fertilized with fertilizers, organic fertilizers are fewer, and the organic fertilizer fertilization is concentrated in deep layers, so that organic matters of upper soil are deficient, the activities of microorganisms and enzymes are reduced, nutrients and nutrients in the soil are not fully decomposed and utilized, further, soil hardening is caused, the soil structure and physical and chemical properties are deteriorated, the fertilizer utilization rate is low, and the problems of acid-base unbalance, soil fertility reduction and the like are solved, and the soil pollution problem to a certain extent is also generated. Therefore, the application amount and the application quality of the organic fertilizer in the kiwi fruit garden are improved.
Although the organic fertilizer has rich nutrient and nutrient substance, the organic fertilizer has less content, so that the organic fertilizer has large unit application amount, and the problems of difficult fertilization, high labor intensity and the like exist. Aiming at the problems of large labor amount, severe fertilization environment and conditions, low efficiency, insufficient labor force and the like of traditional manual fertilization, the mechanized fertilization can reduce the labor intensity and the production cost, improve the efficiency and increase the economic benefit, and is a necessary trend of orchard fertilization. However, china lacks organic fertilizer applying machinery suitable for orchards, and foreign organic fertilizer applying machinery is not suitable for orchards with planting modes in China, and tends to have higher cost.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the ditching-free fertilizer soil mixed fertilization method and the fertilizer applicator for the organic fertilizer in the orchard, which not only improve the content of soil organic matters, but also promote the growth of kiwi fruit root systems, and meanwhile, the design of the fertilizer applicator improves the application efficiency of the organic fertilizer in the orchard, reduces the labor intensity, saves the operation energy consumption in the ditching-free operation, simplifies the operation process, and promotes the development of the mechanical organic fertilizer applied in the orchard.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to disclose a ditching-free fertilizer-soil mixed fertilization method and a fertilizer applicator for an orchard organic fertilizer, which improve the application quality of the orchard organic fertilizer, improve the application efficiency of the orchard organic fertilizer and reduce the labor intensity.
The invention aims to solve the technical problems: 1) How to improve the application quality of the organic fertilizer in the orchard; 2) How to improve the application efficiency of organic fertilizer in orchards and reduce the labor intensity.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the ditching-free fertilizer-soil mixed fertilization method for the organic fertilizer in the orchard is characterized in that the organic fertilizer is mechanically spread on one side or two sides of the soil surface between the rows of the orchard and is mixed into the soil in the orchard, the organic fertilizer is distributed in a gradual change mode at different soil depths, and meanwhile, the soil surface is not exposed, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing an organic fertilizer: preparing organic fertilizer according to the orchard requirements, adding soil nutrients and soil improvement substances, adjusting the nutrients of the organic fertilizer, and carrying out proper harmless treatment according to the requirements;
(2) And (3) mechanical parameter adjustment: adjusting mechanical parameters of the fertilizer applicator according to the running speed of the fertilizer applicator and the fertilizer application requirement of an orchard so as to meet the fertilizer application requirement;
(3) Mixing fertilizer and soil: the fertilizer applicator advances at a constant speed along the orchard rows, the organic fertilizer in the step (1) is spread at the front end of the fertilizer mixer, and a strip with a certain width is formed on the soil surface along one side or two sides of the orchard rows, wherein the width of the strip is not more than the width of the fertilizer mixer; the fertilizer mixer on the fertilizer applicator synchronously brings the organic fertilizer into a certain soil depth through the rotary cutting of the blade, gradually-changed fertilizer concentration is formed in soil layers with different depths, and the surface layer is free from exposing fertilizer; according to agronomic requirements, the trend of gradual change of the fertilizer concentration of different soil depths is controlled by the structural parameters and the operation parameters of the fertilizer mixer.
The step (1) can be omitted completely or partially according to different conditions of the orchard, the fruit tree and the fertilizer.
The ditching-free fertilizer-soil mixed fertilization method for the organic fertilizer in the orchard is not only limited to the organic fertilizer, but also suitable for the chemical fertilizer.
The ditching-free method is characterized in that soil is not taken out from the ground during the fertilization operation, a fertilization strip ditch is opened, fertilizer strips are directly paved on the soil surface of one side or two sides of the orchard between the rows of the trees, which is close to the fruit trees, and meanwhile, organic fertilizer is brought into a certain soil depth through the rotary cutting of a blade.
The ditching and fertilizing-free mixed fertilizer applicator for the organic fertilizer in the orchard is characterized by at least comprising a wheeled tractor 1, a traction type vehicle body 12, a carriage 2, a fertilizer device 3, a fertilizer throwing device 4, a rotating frame 7, a fertilizer mixing device 9, a torsion-resistant device 6, a damping device 5, a swinging device 8 and a hydraulic system.
The traction type vehicle body 12 is hinged to the wheeled tractor 1, a carriage 2 is arranged above the traction type vehicle body 12, a discharge hole 11 is formed in an opening of the rear side plate of the carriage 2, and the height of the discharge hole 11 is adjustable; the fertilizer device 3 is arranged on the inner bottom surface of the carriage 2, and the rear end of the fertilizer device extends out of the rear part of the carriage 2 from the discharge hole 11; the fertilizer throwing device 4 is transversely and horizontally arranged below the rear end of the fertilizer discharging device 3, so that fertilizer discharged through the discharge hole 11 falls on the fertilizer throwing device 4, a fertilizer throwing hole 10 is formed in the left side of the fertilizer throwing device 4, and the fertilizer falling point of the organic fertilizer is regulated through the opening size of the fertilizer throwing hole 10.
The rotating frame 7 is horizontally arranged at the rear side of the fertilizer throwing device 4, the front end of the rotating frame is hinged with the bottom of the rear end of the traction type vehicle body 12, and the rear end of the rotating frame is supported by the damping device 5 fixed on the traction type vehicle body 12; the damping device 5 is arranged between the rotating frame 7 and the traction type vehicle body 12 and is used for reducing the vibration amplitude of the rotating frame 7 and avoiding the damage of the device; the swinging device 8 is fixedly connected to the left end of the rotating frame 7, and the rotation center line of the swinging device is consistent with the advancing direction; the fertilizer mixing device 9 is fixedly connected to the swinging device 8, so that the fertilizer mixing device 9 can overturn around the rotation center line of the swinging device 8, the overturning angle range is 0-180 degrees, the overturning angular speed and the overturning angle are adjustable, and the fertilizer mixing device 9 can properly adjust the included angle with the ground according to different terrains, so that the fertilizer mixing device has certain terrain-imitating capability, the operation effect is improved, the fertilizer mixing device 9 can be freely folded, the turning radius of a fertilizer distributor is reduced, and the walking capability of the fertilizer distributor is improved; the torsion resistance device 6 is hinged to the right end of the rotating frame 7; the hydraulic system is mounted at the front end of the tractor body 12.
The fertilizer throwing device 4 at least comprises a driving chain roller 15, a driven chain roller 16, a fertilizer throwing chain plate 14, a fertilizer throwing groove 13 and a fertilizer baffle 17; the fertilizer throwing groove 13 is transversely and horizontally arranged at the rear end of the traction type vehicle body 12 and is positioned below the rear end of the fertilizer discharging device 3, a fertilizer throwing chain plate 14 is arranged on the inner bottom surface of the fertilizer throwing groove 13, a driving chain roller 15 and a driven chain roller 16 are arranged at two ends of the outer bottom surface of the fertilizer throwing groove 13, the driving chain roller 15 is parallel to the driven chain roller 16, a fertilizer blocking plate 17 is arranged at the left end of the fertilizer throwing groove 13, and the telescopic distance of the fertilizer blocking plate 17 is adjustable; the fertilizer throwing chain plate 14 is installed around the driving chain roller 15 and the driven chain roller 16, and the upper side of the fertilizer throwing chain plate is supported by the bottom plate of the fertilizer throwing groove 13.
The fertilizer mixing device 9 at least comprises a swinging frame 29, a transmission device 23, a fertilizer mixer 27, a depth wheel 24, a mud shield 28, a soil leveling carriage 26, a pull rod 25 and a turnover plate 22; the right side of the swing frame 29 is provided with a transmission device 23; the fertilizer mixer 27 is transversely arranged at the bottom end of the swinging frame 29, and the installation height of the fertilizer mixer 27 is required to ensure a certain soil penetration depth when the fertilizer mixer 27 works; the mud shield 28 is fixed above the fertilizer mixer 27, so that soil particles are prevented from splashing during operation; the front end of the soil leveling carriage 26 is hinged on the mud shield 28, and the rear end is connected to the swing frame 29 through the pull rod 25 for leveling the soil surface after the operation; the depth limiting wheel 24 is fixedly connected to the right outer side of the swinging frame 29, so that the fertilizer mixing device 9 can finely adjust the operation depth according to the fertilization requirement; one end of the turnover plate 22 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the right outer side of the swinging frame 29, and the other end of the turnover plate is fixedly connected with two ends of the swinging device 8.
The fertilizer mixer 27 at least comprises a fertilizer mixing knife roll 30; a certain number of blades 31 are uniformly arranged on the fertilizer mixing knife roller 30, and two ends of the fertilizer mixing knife roller 30 are respectively arranged at the bottom ends of the left side and the right side of the swinging frame 29; the fertilizer dropping point of the fertilizer throwing port 10 is positioned right in front of the fertilizer mixing knife roll 30.
The torsion-resistant device 6 at least comprises a balance wheel frame 21, a balance wheel 20, a winch 18 and a steel cable 19; the balance wheel frame 21 is hinged to the right end of the rotating frame 7, and the balance wheels 20 are arranged on the left side and the right side of the balance wheel frame 21; the winch 18 is fixed on the swinging device 8, so that the winch 18 rotates along with the swinging device 8; the wire rope 19 is wound around the winch 18 at one end and connected to the balance wheel frame 21 at the other end. The torsion-resistant device 6 may not be installed when the fertilizer applicator is subjected to a small torque due to the fact that the ground soil is softer or the working depth is shallower.
The power of the fertilizer device 3, the fertilizer throwing device 4, the fertilizer mixing device 9, the swinging device 8 and the hydraulic system is from the wheeled tractor 1, wherein the fertilizer device 3, the fertilizer mixing device 9 and the swinging device 8 are driven by the hydraulic system. The fertilizer throwing amount of the fertilizer distributor can be regulated by regulating the rotating speed of the fertilizer distributor 3 and the size of the discharge hole 11.
After the fertilizer mixing device 9 is turned over and retracted, the fertilizer applicator can be independently used for paving and applying fertilizer to conventional organic fertilizer strips in an orchard or fertilizing to furrows.
A ditching-free fertilizer-soil mixed fertilizer applicator for organic fertilizer in an orchard has the following working principle:
the ditching-free fertilizer-soil mixed fertilizer machine for the orchard provided by the invention can finish the transportation of the organic fertilizer in the carriage and the throwing of the organic fertilizer on the soil surface at one side among the rows of the orchard tree to form an organic fertilizer strip with a certain width at one time under the condition that a fertilizer ditch is not opened, meanwhile, the organic fertilizer is brought into a certain soil depth, the gradual change fertilizer concentration is formed in soil layers with different depths, and the surface layer is not exposed, and the specific process is as follows:
before operation, according to orchard fertilization agronomic requirement and fertilizer characteristic adjustment mechanical parameters, including fertilizer device fertilizer discharge speed, discharge gate size, fertilizer throwing mouth size, mixing fertile ware cutter and rotational speed, then adjust the automobile body and control pendulous device and rotate with certain rotational speed, with mixing fertile ware adjustment to appointed position. In operation, the fertilizer device, the fertilizer throwing device and the fertilizer mixing device are manually started, the fertilizer applicator is controlled to advance at a constant speed, and the organic fertilizer is mixed to a certain soil depth. Firstly, the fertilizer device discharges the organic fertilizer from a discharge hole at the rear side of a carriage and falls on the fertilizer throwing device; then, the fertilizer throwing device conveys the organic fertilizer to a fertilizer throwing port on the left side, and after the organic fertilizer is thrown out through the fertilizer throwing port, the organic fertilizer falls on the surface of the orchard soil on one side among the orchard tree rows to form an organic fertilizer strip with a certain width and thickness; finally, the organic fertilizer is brought to a certain soil depth by the fertilizer mixing device, gradual fertilizer concentrations are formed in soil layers with different depths, and the surface layer is free from exposing fertilizer. After the operation, the swinging device is controlled to rotate at a certain rotating speed, and the fertilizer mixing device is turned over and retracted.
The beneficial technical effects are as follows: the invention discloses a ditching-free fertilizer-soil mixed fertilization method and a fertilizer applicator for organic fertilizer in an orchard, which improve the application quality of the organic fertilizer in the orchard, improve the application efficiency of the organic fertilizer in the orchard, reduce the labor intensity, save the operation energy consumption by simultaneously avoiding ditching operation and simplify the operation process.
Reference numerals: 1. the device comprises a wheeled tractor 2, a carriage 3, a fertilizer device 4, a fertilizer throwing device 5, a shock absorbing device 6, a torsion device 7, a rotating frame 8, a swinging device 9, a fertilizer mixing device 10, a fertilizer throwing port 11, a discharge port 12, a traction type vehicle body 13, a fertilizer throwing groove 14, a fertilizer throwing chain plate 15, a driving chain roller 16, a driven chain roller 17, a fertilizer blocking plate 18, a winch 19, a steel rope 20, a balance wheel 21, a balance wheel frame 22, a turnover plate 23, a transmission device 24, a depth limiting wheel 25, a pull rod 26, a soil leveling carriage 27, a fertilizer mixer 28, a mud blocking cover 29, a swinging frame 30, a fertilizer mixing knife roller 31, a blade 32, an organic fertilizer 33, soil 34 and fruit trees.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a left side view of a ditching-free fertilizer-soil hybrid fertilizer applicator for an orchard;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the organic fertilizer ditching-free fertilizer soil mixing fertilizer applicator for an orchard;
FIG. 3 is a partial left side view of an orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free soil-fertilizer hybrid fertilizer applicator in an unworked state;
FIG. 4 is a partial right side view of an orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free soil-fertilizer hybrid fertilizer applicator in an unworked state;
FIG. 5 is a left side view of the fertilizer throwing device of the ditching-free fertilizer soil mixing fertilizer applicator for the organic fertilizer in the orchard;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the coordination of a fertilizer throwing chain plate and a chain roller on a fertilizer throwing device of the organic fertilizer ditching-free fertilizer soil mixing fertilizer applicator for an orchard;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the left side of the mechanism of the organic fertilizer ditching-free fertilizer soil mixing fertilizer applicator for the orchard;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the right side of the mechanism of the organic fertilizer ditching-free fertilizer soil mixing fertilizer applicator for the orchard;
FIG. 9 is a left side view of the fertilizer mixing device of the ditching-free fertilizer soil mixing fertilizer applicator for the organic fertilizer in the orchard;
FIG. 10 is a right side view of the organic fertilizer ditching-free and soil-fertilizer mixing device of the orchard;
FIG. 11 is a left side schematic view of the upper part mechanism of the organic fertilizer ditching-free and fertilizer-soil mixing fertilizer applicator of the orchard;
FIG. 12 is a left side view of the upper fertilizer mixer of the organic fertilizer ditching-free and soil-fertilizer mixing fertilizer applicator of the orchard;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free and fertilizer-soil mixing fertilizer applicator operation from the left;
FIG. 14 is a schematic top view of an orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free soil-fertilizer mixing fertilizer applicator;
fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a ditching-free fertilizer-soil mixed fertilization method for organic fertilizer in an orchard.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the specific implementation scheme of the ditching-free fertilizer-soil mixed fertilization method for the organic fertilizer in the orchard is as follows:
the embodiment performs the operation of the organic fertilizer ditching-free fertilizer soil mixing fertilization machine in the kiwi fruit garden. The row spacing of the kiwi fruit garden is 3-5 m, the height of the tree body is 1.6-2.5 m, and the garden is in a trellis structure. The embodiment is integrally completed by the fertilizer applicator.
As shown in fig. 1, 13, 14 and 15, the ditching-free fertilizer-soil mixed fertilization method for the organic fertilizer in the orchard is characterized in that the organic fertilizer is mechanically spread on one side or two sides of the soil surface between the rows of the orchard, and an organic fertilizer strip with the width slightly smaller than the width of a fertilizer mixer is formed at the distance of about 30cm from the root of the fruit tree; simultaneously, the fertilizer mixer mixes the fertilizer into shallow soil of an orchard, and the depth range is 0-15 cm; after fertilizer mixing, the organic fertilizer is distributed regularly in a pyramid shape on a soil depth layer, and meanwhile, the fertilizer is not exposed on the soil surface, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing an organic fertilizer: preparing an organic fertilizer according to the orchard requirements, adding soil nutrients and soil improvement substances, adjusting the nutrients of the organic fertilizer, and carrying out proper harmless treatment;
(2) And (3) mechanical parameter adjustment: adjusting mechanical parameters of the fertilizer applicator according to the running speed of the fertilizer applicator and the fertilizer application requirement of an orchard so as to meet the fertilizer application requirement;
(3) Mixing fertilizer and soil: the fertilizer applicator advances at a constant speed along the orchard rows, the organic fertilizer in the step (1) is spread at the front end of the fertilizer mixer, and a strip with a certain width is formed on the soil surface along one side or two sides of the orchard rows, wherein the width of the strip is not more than the width of the fertilizer mixer; the fertilizer mixer on the fertilizer applicator synchronously brings the organic fertilizer into a certain soil depth through the rotary cutting of the blade, so that a pyramidal distribution rule is formed in the soil layer, and the surface layer is not exposed.
The ditching-free method is characterized in that soil is not taken out from the ground during the fertilization operation, a fertilization strip ditch is opened, fertilizer strips are directly paved on the soil surface of one side or two sides of the orchard between the rows of the trees, which is close to the fruit trees, and meanwhile, organic fertilizer is brought into a certain soil depth through the rotary cutting of a blade.
The specific implementation structural scheme of the ditching-free fertilizer-soil mixed fertilizer applicator for the organic fertilizer in the orchard is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free and fertilizer-soil mixing fertilizer applicator is characterized by at least comprising a wheeled tractor 1, a traction type vehicle body 12, a carriage 2, a fertilizer device 3, a fertilizer throwing device 4, a rotating frame 7, a fertilizer mixing device 9, a torsion-resistant device 6, a damping device 5, a swinging device 8 and a hydraulic system.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the traction type vehicle body 12 is hinged on the wheeled tractor 1, a carriage 2 is arranged above the traction type vehicle body 12, a discharge hole 11 is formed in an opening of the rear side plate of the carriage 2, and the height of the discharge hole 11 is adjustable; the fertilizer device 3 is arranged on the inner bottom surface of the carriage 2, and the rear end of the fertilizer device extends out of the rear part of the carriage 2 from the discharge hole 11; the fertilizer throwing device 4 is transversely and horizontally arranged below the rear end of the fertilizer discharging device 3, so that fertilizer discharged through the discharge hole 11 falls on the fertilizer throwing device 4, a fertilizer throwing hole 10 is formed in the left side of the fertilizer throwing device 4, and the fertilizer falling point of the organic fertilizer is regulated through the opening size of the fertilizer throwing hole 10.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8, the rotating frame 7 is horizontally arranged at the rear side of the fertilizer throwing device 4, the front end of the rotating frame is hinged with the bottom of the rear end of the traction type vehicle body 12, and the rear end of the rotating frame is supported by a damping device 5 fixed on the traction type vehicle body 12; the damping device 5 is arranged between the rotating frame 7 and the traction type vehicle body 12 and is used for reducing the vibration amplitude of the rotating frame 7 and avoiding the damage of the device; the swinging device 8 is fixedly connected to the left end of the rotating frame 7, and the rotation center line of the swinging device is consistent with the advancing direction; the fertilizer mixing device 9 is fixedly connected to the swinging device 8, so that the fertilizer mixing device 9 can overturn around the rotation center line of the swinging device 8, the overturning angle range is 0-180 degrees, the overturning angular speed and the overturning angle are adjustable, and the fertilizer mixing device 9 can properly adjust the included angle with the ground according to different terrains, so that the fertilizer mixing device has certain terrain-imitating capability, the operation effect is improved, the fertilizer mixing device 9 can be freely folded, the turning radius of a fertilizer distributor is reduced, and the walking capability of the fertilizer distributor is improved; the torsion resistance device 6 is hinged to the right end of the rotating frame 7; the hydraulic system is mounted at the front end of the tractor body 12.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 5 and 6, the fertilizer throwing device 4 at least comprises a driving chain roller 15, a driven chain roller 16, a fertilizer throwing chain plate 14, a fertilizer throwing groove 13 and a fertilizer blocking plate 17; the fertilizer throwing groove 13 is transversely and horizontally arranged at the rear end of the traction type vehicle body 12 and is positioned below the rear end of the fertilizer discharging device 3, a fertilizer throwing chain plate 14 is arranged on the inner bottom surface of the fertilizer throwing groove 13, a driving chain roller 15 and a driven chain roller 16 are arranged at two ends of the outer bottom surface of the fertilizer throwing groove 13, the driving chain roller 15 is parallel to the driven chain roller 16, a fertilizer blocking plate 17 is arranged at the left end of the fertilizer throwing groove 13, and the telescopic distance of the fertilizer blocking plate 17 is adjustable; the fertilizer throwing chain plate 14 is installed around the driving chain roller 15 and the driven chain roller 16, and the upper side of the fertilizer throwing chain plate is supported by the bottom plate of the fertilizer throwing groove 13.
As shown in fig. 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, the fertilizer mixing device 9 at least comprises a swinging frame 29, a transmission device 23, a fertilizer mixer 27, a depth wheel 24, a mud shield 28, a soil leveling carriage 26, a pull rod 25 and a turnover plate 22; the right side of the swing frame 29 is provided with a transmission device 23; the fertilizer mixer 27 is transversely arranged at the bottom end of the swinging frame 29, and the installation height of the fertilizer mixer 27 is required to ensure a certain soil penetration depth when the fertilizer mixer 27 works; the mud shield 28 is fixed above the fertilizer mixer 27, so that soil particles are prevented from splashing during operation; the front end of the soil leveling carriage 26 is hinged on the mud shield 28, and the rear end is connected to the swing frame 29 through the pull rod 25 for leveling the soil surface after the operation; the depth limiting wheel 24 is fixedly connected to the right outer side of the swinging frame 29, so that the fertilizer mixing device 9 can finely adjust the operation depth according to the fertilization requirement; one end of the turnover plate 22 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the right outer side of the swinging frame 29, and the other end of the turnover plate is fixedly connected with two ends of the swinging device 8.
As shown in fig. 9, 10, 11 and 12, the fertilizer mixer 27 includes at least a fertilizer mixing knife roll 30; a certain number of blades 31 are uniformly arranged on the fertilizer mixing knife roller 30, and two ends of the fertilizer mixing knife roller 30 are respectively arranged at the bottom ends of the left side and the right side of the swinging frame 29; the fertilizer dropping point of the fertilizer throwing port 10 is positioned right in front of the fertilizer mixing knife roll 30.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the torsion-resistant device 6 at least comprises a balance wheel frame 21, a balance wheel 20, a winch 18 and a steel cable 19; the balance wheel frame 21 is hinged to the right end of the rotating frame 7, and the balance wheels 20 are arranged on the left side and the right side of the balance wheel frame 21; the winch 18 is fixed on the swinging device 8, so that the winch 18 rotates along with the swinging device 8; the wire rope 19 is wound around the winch 18 at one end and connected to the balance wheel frame 21 at the other end. The torsion-resistant device 6 may not be installed when the fertilizer applicator is subjected to a small torque due to the fact that the ground soil is softer or the working depth is shallower.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the power of the fertilizer device 3, the fertilizer throwing device 4, the fertilizer mixing device 9, the swinging device 8 and the hydraulic system comes from the wheeled tractor 1, wherein the fertilizer device 3, the fertilizer mixing device 9 and the swinging device 8 are all driven by the hydraulic system. The fertilizer throwing amount of the fertilizer distributor can be regulated by regulating the rotating speed of the fertilizer distributor 3 and the size of the discharge hole 11.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, after the fertilizer mixing device 9 is turned over and retracted, the fertilizer applicator can be independently used for paving and fertilizing conventional organic fertilizer strips in an orchard or fertilizing furrows.
Further illustrates the working principle of the ditching-free fertilizer-soil mixed fertilizer applicator for the organic fertilizer in the orchard:
the ditching-free fertilizer-soil mixed fertilizer machine for the orchard provided by the invention can finish the transportation of the organic fertilizer in the carriage and the throwing of the organic fertilizer on the soil surface at one side among the rows of the orchard tree to form an organic fertilizer strip with a certain width at one time under the condition that a fertilizer ditch is not opened, meanwhile, the organic fertilizer is brought into a certain soil depth, the gradual change fertilizer concentration is formed in soil layers with different depths, and the surface layer is not exposed, and the specific process is as follows:
before operation, according to orchard fertilization agronomic requirement and fertilizer characteristic adjustment mechanical parameters, including fertilizer device fertilizer discharge speed, discharge gate size, fertilizer throwing mouth size, mixing fertile ware cutter and rotational speed, then adjust the automobile body and control pendulous device and rotate with certain rotational speed, with mixing fertile ware adjustment to appointed position. In operation, the fertilizer device, the fertilizer throwing device and the fertilizer mixing device are manually started, the fertilizer applicator is controlled to advance at a constant speed, and the organic fertilizer is mixed to a certain soil depth. Firstly, the fertilizer device discharges the organic fertilizer from a discharge hole at the rear side of a carriage and falls on the fertilizer throwing device; then, the fertilizer throwing device conveys the organic fertilizer to a fertilizer throwing port on the left side, and after the organic fertilizer is thrown out through the fertilizer throwing port, the organic fertilizer falls on the surface of the orchard soil on one side among the orchard tree rows to form an organic fertilizer strip with a certain width and thickness; finally, the organic fertilizer is brought to a certain soil depth by the fertilizer mixing device, gradual fertilizer concentrations are formed in soil layers with different depths, and the surface layer is free from exposing fertilizer. After the operation, the swinging device is controlled to rotate at a certain rotating speed, and the fertilizer mixing device is turned over and retracted.
Claims (5)
1. The ditching-free fertilizer-soil mixed fertilizer applicator for the organic fertilizer in the orchard is characterized by at least comprising a wheeled tractor (1), a traction type vehicle body (12), a carriage (2), a fertilizer device (3), a fertilizer throwing device (4), a rotating frame (7), a fertilizer mixing device (9), a torsion-resistant device (6), a damping device (5), a swinging device (8) and a hydraulic system;
the traction type tractor is characterized in that the traction type tractor body (12) is hinged to the wheeled tractor (1), a carriage (2) is arranged above the traction type tractor body (12), a discharging hole (11) is formed in an opening of the rear side plate of the carriage (2), and the height of the discharging hole (11) is adjustable; the fertilizer device (3) is arranged on the inner bottom surface of the carriage (2), and the rear end of the fertilizer device extends out of the rear part of the carriage (2) from the discharge hole (11); the fertilizer throwing device (4) is transversely and horizontally arranged below the rear end of the fertilizer discharging device (3), so that fertilizer discharged through the discharge hole (11) falls on the fertilizer throwing device (4), a fertilizer throwing opening (10) is arranged on the left side of the fertilizer throwing device (4), and the opening size of the fertilizer throwing opening (10) is adjustable;
the rotating frame (7) is horizontally arranged at the rear side of the fertilizer throwing device (4), the front end of the rotating frame is hinged with the bottom of the rear end of the traction type vehicle body (12), and the rear end of the rotating frame is supported by the damping device (5) fixed on the traction type vehicle body (12); the damping device (5) is arranged between the rotating frame (7) and the traction type vehicle body (12); the swinging device (8) is fixedly connected to the left end of the rotating frame (7), and the rotation center line of the swinging device is consistent with the advancing direction; the fertilizer mixing device (9) is fixedly connected to the swinging device (8), so that the fertilizer mixing device (9) can turn around the rotation center line of the swinging device (8), the turning angle range is 0-180 degrees, and the turning angular speed and the turning angle are adjustable; the torsion-resistant device (6) is hinged at the right end of the rotating frame (7); the hydraulic system is arranged at the front end of the traction type vehicle body (12);
the fertilizer throwing device (4) at least comprises a driving chain roller (15), a driven chain roller (16), a fertilizer throwing chain plate (14), a fertilizer throwing groove (13) and a fertilizer baffle plate (17); the fertilizer throwing groove (13) is transversely and horizontally arranged at the rear end of the traction type vehicle body (12) and positioned below the rear end of the fertilizer discharging device (3), a fertilizer throwing chain plate (14) is arranged on the inner bottom surface of the fertilizer throwing groove (13), a driving chain roller (15) and a driven chain roller (16) are arranged at two ends of the outer bottom surface of the fertilizer throwing groove (13), the driving chain roller (15) is parallel to the driven chain roller (16), a fertilizer blocking plate (17) is arranged at the left end of the fertilizer throwing groove (13), and the telescopic distance of the fertilizer blocking plate (17) is adjustable; the fertilizer throwing chain plate (14) is arranged around the driving chain roller (15) and the driven chain roller (16), and the upper side of the fertilizer throwing chain plate is supported by the bottom plate of the fertilizer throwing groove (13);
the fertilizer mixing device (9) at least comprises a swinging frame (29), a transmission device (23), a fertilizer mixer (27), a depth wheel (24), a mud shield (28), a soil leveling carriage (26), a pull rod (25) and a turnover plate (22); a transmission device (23) is arranged on the right side of the swing frame (29); the fertilizer mixer (27) is transversely arranged at the bottom end of the swinging frame (29), and the installation height of the fertilizer mixer is required to ensure that the fertilizer mixer (27) has a certain soil penetration depth during working; the mud shield (28) is fixed above the fertilizer mixer (27); the front end of the soil leveling carriage (26) is hinged to the mud shield (28), and the rear end of the soil leveling carriage is connected to the swing frame (29) through a pull rod (25); the depth limiting wheel (24) is fixedly connected to the right outer side of the swing frame (29); one end of the turnover plate (22) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the right outer side of the swing frame (29), and the other end of the turnover plate is fixedly connected with two ends of the swing device (8);
the fertilizer mixer (27) at least comprises a fertilizer mixing knife roll (30); a certain number of blades (31) are uniformly arranged on the fertilizer mixing knife roller (30), and two ends of the fertilizer mixing knife roller (30) are respectively arranged at the bottom ends of the left side and the right side of the swinging frame (29); the fertilizer dropping point of the fertilizer throwing port (10) is positioned right in front of the fertilizer mixing knife roll (30).
2. The orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free and soil-fertilizer mixing fertilizer applicator according to claim 1, wherein the torsion-resistant device (6) at least comprises a balance wheel frame (21), a balance wheel (20), a winch (18) and a steel cable (19); the balance wheel frame (21) is hinged to the right end of the rotating frame (7), and the balance wheels (20) are arranged on the left side and the right side of the balance wheel frame (21); the winch (18) is fixed on the swinging device (8) so that the winch (18) rotates along with the swinging device (8); one end of the steel cable (19) is wound on the winch (18), and the other end of the steel cable is connected with the balance wheel frame (21); the torsion-resistant device (6) can be selectively installed according to the operating conditions of the fertilizer applicator.
3. The orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free and soil-fertilizer mixing fertilizer applicator according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer device (3), the fertilizer throwing device (4), the fertilizer mixing device (9), the swinging device (8) and the hydraulic system are powered by a wheeled tractor (1), and the fertilizer device (3), the fertilizer mixing device (9) and the swinging device (8) are driven by a hydraulic system.
4. The ditching-free fertilizer-soil mixed fertilizer applicator for orchards according to claim 1, wherein after the fertilizer mixing device (9) is turned over and retracted, the fertilizer applicator can be independently used for paving and fertilizing conventional organic fertilizer strips for orchards or for fertilizing ditches.
5. The orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free and fertilizer-soil mixed fertilizer applicator according to claim 1, wherein the orchard organic fertilizer ditching-free and fertilizer-soil mixed fertilizer applicator spreads organic fertilizer strips on one side or both sides of the soil surface between the rows of the orchard and mixes the organic fertilizer strips into the orchard soil, and the organic fertilizer is in gradual distribution proportion under different soil depths, and meanwhile, the soil surface is not exposed, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing an organic fertilizer: preparing organic fertilizer according to the orchard requirements, adding soil nutrients and soil improvement substances, adjusting the nutrients of the organic fertilizer, and carrying out proper harmless treatment according to the requirements;
(2) And (3) mechanical parameter adjustment: adjusting mechanical parameters of the fertilizer applicator according to the running speed of the fertilizer applicator and the fertilizer application requirement of an orchard so as to meet the fertilizer application requirement;
(3) Mixing fertilizer and soil: the fertilizer applicator advances at a constant speed along the orchard rows, the organic fertilizer in the step (1) is spread at the front end of the fertilizer mixer, and a strip with a certain width is formed on the soil surface along one side or two sides of the orchard rows, wherein the width of the strip is not more than the width of the fertilizer mixer; the fertilizer mixer on the fertilizer applicator synchronously brings the organic fertilizer into a certain soil depth through the rotary cutting of the blade, gradually-changed fertilizer concentration is formed in soil layers with different depths, and the surface layer is free from exposing fertilizer; according to agronomic requirements, the trend of gradual change of the fertilizer concentration of different soil depths is controlled by the structural parameters and the operation parameters of the fertilizer mixer.
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| CN115316074B (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2024-05-24 | 中国农业大学 | Chain disc combination and bionic ditching type forest orchard organic fertilizer layering deep-fertilizing machine |
| CN115633570B (en) * | 2022-11-08 | 2024-05-24 | 西北农林科技大学 | Tectorial membrane maize deep layer fertilizer distributor |
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