CN111527849A - Orchard organic fertilizer ditching and fertilizing integrated fertilizer applicator - Google Patents
Orchard organic fertilizer ditching and fertilizing integrated fertilizer applicator Download PDFInfo
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- CN111527849A CN111527849A CN202010591042.2A CN202010591042A CN111527849A CN 111527849 A CN111527849 A CN 111527849A CN 202010591042 A CN202010591042 A CN 202010591042A CN 111527849 A CN111527849 A CN 111527849A
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 390
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 189
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 abstract description 24
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
- A01C15/18—Fertiliser distributors with endless chains, i.e. side transporting elements, e.g. auger or screw conveyors, swash plates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C3/00—Treating manure; Manuring
- A01C3/06—Manure distributors, e.g. dung distributors
- A01C3/063—Side-spreaders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
- A01C5/064—Devices for making drills or furrows with rotating tools
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an orchard organic fertilizer ditching and fertilizing integrated fertilizer applicator, and belongs to the field of agricultural machinery. The fertilizer applicator at least comprises a vehicle body, a carriage, a fertilizer conveying device, a fertilizer spreading device and a ditching and fertilizer burying device; the vehicle body at least comprises a traveling wheel mechanism, a cab, an engine, a hydraulic oil tank and a hydraulic pump; the fertilizer conveying device at least comprises a fertilizer conveying chain plate mechanism, a fertilizer conveying motor and a speed reducer thereof; the fertilizer spreading device at least comprises a fertilizer spreading chain plate mechanism, a fertilizer spreading motor, a fertilizer spreading rack, a fertilizer spreading groove and a fertilizer spreading groove baffle; the ditching and fertilizer burying device at least comprises a ditching and soil throwing knife roller, a soil guide plate, a housing, a ditching and soil throwing motor and a height adjusting hydraulic cylinder; the ditching and soil throwing knife roll at least comprises a ditching knife shaft, a plurality of ditching blades and soil throwing blades. The fertilizer applicator ditches and fetches the soil through the ditching and soil throwing knife roller and throws the soil backwards to form an arched soil throwing track, covers the organic fertilizer applied into the ditch, and is suitable for the integrated fertilization operation of ditching and fertilizing the organic fertilizer in the orchard and burying the fertilizer and filling the ditch.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses an orchard organic fertilizer ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilizer applicator, belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to orchard organic fertilizer ditching, fertilizer filling and soil covering integrated fertilizer application mechanical equipment.
Background
The application of a large amount of organic fertilizer in the orchard is a necessary link for improving the current situation of improper fertilization of the orchard and improving the fruit yield and the fruit quality, and accords with the green development concept. The organic fertilizer mainly comprises compost, stable manure, straws, fungus residues, green manure, mud manure and the like, if the wastes are not effectively utilized, the environment can be greatly polluted, but the wastes are reasonably utilized and applied to the field of an orchard as the organic fertilizer, so that the soil structure can be improved, the soil fertility can be improved, the cultivated land output rate can be improved, the pollution of various wastes such as livestock manure, crop straws, production and living organic garbage to the environment can be reduced, and the method is an effective method for realizing sustainable development of agriculture.
In orchard management, organic fertilizer is applied in a mode that furrows are formed in a position, away from fruit trees, between fruit tree rows by a furrowing machine, and then the organic fertilizer is manually filled into the furrows to cover the soil, so that the manual fertilization efficiency is low, the labor intensity is high, the cost is high, a large amount of labor force is bound, the fertilization uniformity is poor, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is low; with the continuous enlargement of the planting area of the orchard and the continuous improvement of the modern planting management technology, the requirements of people on the technology of mechanically applying the organic fertilizer to the fruit trees are higher and higher, the orchard fertilizing machinery in China is still imperfect, and especially because the mechanical technical difficulty of applying the organic fertilizer to the orchard is higher, the mechanical application of the organic fertilizer to the orchard is more limited, and the technical requirements of the orchard on the fertilizing machinery can not be met far; in addition, the ditching-fertilizer filling-soil covering integrated fertilizer applying machine for ditching and applying fertilizer between rows of an orchard and burying fertilizer into ditches to a certain depth is still quite vacant in China, and the fertilizer applying machine is required to have the functions of ditching, fertilizer filling and soil covering and certain coordination.
The invention discloses an orchard organic fertilizer ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilizer applicator which can realize mechanized ditching and fertilizer application and soil covering of an orchard, solves the problem of difficulty in an orchard ditch fertilization and soil covering integrated fertilization technology, has the characteristics of high fertilization efficiency, powerful function, simple structure, good adaptability and the like, and is particularly suitable for integrated fertilization operation of ditching and fertilizer burying of the orchard.
Disclosure of Invention
The organic fertilizer ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilizer applicator for the orchard can realize mechanized ditching and fertilizer application and soil covering of the orchard, solves the problem of difficulty in a strip-ditch fertilization and soil covering integrated fertilization technology, has the characteristics of high fertilization efficiency, powerful functions, simple structure, good adaptability and the like, and is particularly suitable for ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilization operation of the orchard.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the ditching, fertilizer filling and soil covering all-in-one machine for fertilizing is used for realizing the ditching and the fertilizer filling and soil covering all-in-one machine for continuously and uniformly spreading organic fertilizer into ditches while ditching in an orchard, directly covering soil cut by ditching on the upper layer of the organic fertilizer and covering the ditches.
In order to solve the technical problems, the following technical scheme is provided:
an orchard organic fertilizer ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilizer applicator is characterized in that a fertilizer applicator 1 at least comprises a body 2, a carriage 3, a fertilizer conveying device 4, a fertilizer spreading device 5 and a ditching and fertilizer burying device 6; the vehicle body 2 at least comprises a traveling wheel mechanism 8, a cab 9, an engine 10, a hydraulic oil tank 11 and a hydraulic pump 18; the traveling wheel mechanism 8 comprises four wheels and is arranged below the vehicle body 2; a cab 9 and an engine 10 are respectively mounted on the left and right sides of the front end of the vehicle body 2; a hydraulic pump 18 is installed under the engine 10, and is powered by the engine 10; the hydraulic oil tank 11 is arranged in front of the carriage 3, provides hydraulic oil for the hydraulic pump 18 through a hydraulic oil pipe to form a hydraulic transmission system, converts mechanical power output by the engine 10 into hydraulic power, and provides power for the operation of the fertilizer conveying device 4, the fertilizer spreading device 5 and the ditching and fertilizer burying device 6.
The carriage 3 at least comprises a fertilizer limiting adjusting hand wheel 15, a fertilizer limiting plate 16 and a carriage body 17; the carriage 3 is composed of four inclined plane carriage bodies 17 forming a certain angle with the plumb surface, and the inclination angle is larger than the stacking angle of the organic fertilizer; the rear part of the carriage body 17 is provided with a fertilizer limiting plate 16 and a fertilizer limiting adjusting hand wheel 15, and the size of the fertilizer limiting opening 14 is adjusted by manually rotating the fertilizer limiting adjusting hand wheel 15.
The fertilizer conveying device 4 at least comprises a fertilizer conveying chain plate mechanism 12, a fertilizer conveying motor and a speed reducer 13 thereof and a fertilizer conveying tensioning mechanism 7; the fertilizer conveying chain plate mechanism 12 is horizontally arranged at the bottom of a carriage body 17 of the carriage 3; the fertilizer conveying chain plate mechanism 12 at least comprises two fertilizer conveying shafts and chain wheels 19, a fertilizer conveying chain 20 and a plurality of fertilizer conveying scraping strips 21; the two fertilizer conveying shafts and the chain wheel 19 are horizontally and transversely arranged in the carriage 3 in tandem; the fertilizer conveying shaft and the chain wheel 19 are provided with a fertilizer conveying chain 20; each section of the fertilizer conveying chain 20 is provided with a fertilizer conveying scraping strip 21; the fertilizer conveying motor and the speed reducer 13 thereof are arranged on the outer edge of one side of the rear part of the carriage 3, are connected with a fertilizer conveying shaft and a chain wheel 19 at the rear end of the fertilizer conveying device 4 and provide power for the fertilizer conveying device 4; the fertilizer conveying tensioning mechanism 7 is arranged on the outer edge of one side of the front part of the carriage 3, and the fertilizer conveying chain plate mechanism 12 is tensioned by manually adjusting the fertilizer conveying tensioning mechanism 7.
The fertilizer spreading device 5 at least comprises a fertilizer spreading chain plate mechanism 24, a fertilizer spreading motor 25, a fertilizer spreading rack 26, a fertilizer spreading groove 22 and a fertilizer spreading groove baffle 23; the fertilizer spreading chain plate mechanism 24 is horizontally and transversely arranged in the fertilizer spreading groove 22, and the fertilizer spreading chain plate mechanism 24 at least comprises two fertilizer spreading chains 27, a plurality of fertilizer spreading scraping strips 28 and two fertilizer spreading shafts and chain wheels 29; the two fertilizer spreading chains 27 are respectively and transversely arranged on the two fertilizer spreading shafts and chain wheels at two ends of the chain wheel 29; each section of the fertilizer spreading chain 27 is fixedly provided with a fertilizer spreading scraper bar 28; two fertilizer spreading shafts and chain wheels 29 are horizontally arranged at the left end and the right end of the fertilizer spreading groove 22; the fertilizer spreading frame 26 is fixed at the tail part of the vehicle body 2; the fertilizer spreading groove 22 is fixed at the center of the fertilizer spreading frame 26; fertilizer spreading groove baffles 23 are fixedly arranged on two sides of the fertilizer spreading groove 22; the fertilizer spreading motor 25 is arranged at the outer end shaft of a fertilizer spreading shaft and chain wheel 29 and used as a driving fertilizer spreading shaft and chain wheel 29 to provide fertilizer spreading power for the fertilizer spreading chain plate mechanism 24.
The ditching and fertilizer burying device 6 at least comprises a ditching and soil throwing knife roller 33, a soil guide plate and housing 32, a ditching and soil throwing motor 30 and a height adjusting hydraulic cylinder 31; the ditching and soil throwing knife roll 33 at least comprises a ditching knife shaft 34, a plurality of ditching blades 35 and soil throwing blades 36; the ditching cutter shaft 34 is horizontally and transversely arranged in front of the fertilizer spreading side of the fertilizer spreading device 5, and the rotation direction during working is the same as the rotation direction during advancing of the traveling wheel mechanism 8; four rows of ditching blades 35 are uniformly arranged on the ditching cutter shaft 34 in the circumferential direction, wherein the cutting edges of the ditching blades 35 in the same row are in the same direction, and the cutting edges of two adjacent rows of ditching blades 35 are opposite; the soil guide plate and the housing 32 are arranged above the ditching and soil throwing knife roll 33 and play roles in retaining soil and limiting soil; the ditching and soil throwing motor 30 is arranged at the inner side shaft end of the ditching cutter shaft 34 and provides power for the ditching and soil throwing knife roller 33; the height adjusting hydraulic cylinder 31 is positioned in front of the fertilizer spreading device 5 and is arranged at the directional connection part of the ditching and soil throwing knife roller 33 and the fertilizer spreading device 5 so as to adjust the working height of the ditching and fertilizer burying device 6.
The ditching and soil throwing knife roll 33 at least comprises a ditching knife shaft 34, a plurality of ditching blades 35 and soil throwing blades 36; during ditching and soil throwing operation, ditching and soil taking are carried out on one side between rows of the orchard by the ditching blade 35, soil cut by ditching is thrown backwards by the soil throwing blade 36, the soil starts to fall after crossing a fertilizer spreading center on a fertilizer spreading side of the fertilizer spreading device 5 to form an arch-shaped arc soil throwing track, organic fertilizer which is already scattered into a ditch is buried and covered, and ditching and fertilizer burying are realized.
The ditching depth and the soil throwing height of the ditching and fertilizer burying device 6 are adjustable; the depth of the ditching and soil throwing knife roll 33 is adjusted by changing the extending position of the height adjusting hydraulic cylinder 31 so as to adjust the ditching depth; the soil throwing speed of the ditching and soil throwing knife roller 33 is adjusted by changing the speed of the ditching and soil throwing motor 30 so as to change the speed and the direction of a soil throwing point and further adjust the soil throwing height. By adjusting the ditching depth and the soil throwing height, the soil throwing track is controlled, and the condition that the fertilizer falling area and the fertilizer application uniformity are influenced by the interference of the thrown soil and the fertilizer.
The ditching blade 35 is of a sickle-shaped blade structure and has soil cutting and crushing capabilities; the back of the inner side of the ditching blade 35 is provided with a soil throwing blade 36 which plays roles of soil throwing and ditch cleaning, and the cutting edge direction of the soil throwing blade 36 and the cutting edge direction of the ditching blade 35 form an obtuse angle so as to reduce the soil cutting and ditching resistance and play a role of throwing the soil after gathering the soil to the middle; soil cutting and ditching are carried out through the soil cutting edge of the ditching blade 35, and soil is guided to the soil throwing blade 36; the soil is thrown out by the soil throwing blade 36 toward a tangential line of the rotation direction of the ditching blade 35.
The ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilizer applicator for the organic fertilizer in the orchard has the following working principle:
the ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilizer applicator for the organic fertilizer in the orchard can realize mechanized ditching and fertilizer application and soil covering of the orchard, solves the problem of difficulty in a strip-ditch fertilization and soil covering integrated fertilization technology of the orchard, has the characteristics of high fertilization efficiency, powerful functions, simple structure, good adaptability and the like, and is particularly suitable for ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilization operation of the orchard. The specific process and the working principle are expressed as follows:
in the ditching and fertilizer burying operation of the organic fertilizer among the rows of the orchard, the extending position of the height adjusting hydraulic cylinder is adjusted to adjust the soil penetration depth of the ditching and soil throwing knife roller according to the fertilizing depth requirements of different operations so as to change the ditching depth; according to the fertilizing amount requirements of different fruit trees, the position of the fertilizer limiting plate is adjusted, and the size of the fertilizer limiting opening is adjusted. During fertilizing operation, the ditching and fertilizer burying device ditches and throws soil to one side of a row space under the driving of a ditching and soil throwing motor along with the advance of a fertilizer applicator, ditches and fetches soil through a ditching blade arranged on a ditching and soil throwing knife roller, leads the soil to a soil throwing blade arranged on the ditching blade, and throws the soil to the rear side under the action of the soil throwing blade and naturally falls down to form an arched soil throwing track; meanwhile, organic fertilizer in the carriage enters the fertilizer spreading device from the fertilizer limiting opening under the action of a fertilizer conveying chain plate mechanism of the fertilizer conveying device, and is spread out to the ditching side among the rows under the action of the fertilizer spreading chain plate mechanism, and the spread organic fertilizer is spread into the ditched groove from the arched lower part of the arched soil spreading track; the arched track of the thrown soil continuously moves forwards under the forward movement of the fertilizer applicator to cover the fertilizer scattered into the ditch, thereby realizing the fertilizer burying operation. When the ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilizer applicator for the orchard organic fertilizer is used for fertilizing in an orchard, the speed of the fertilizer conveying device and the fertilizing amount can be controlled by adjusting the size of the fertilizer limiting opening, and the ditching and soil throwing motor of the ditching and fertilizer burying device can be adjusted in soil throwing height and arch-shaped track.
The beneficial technical effects are as follows:
the ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilizer applicator for the organic fertilizer in the orchard disclosed by the invention can realize mechanized ditching and fertilizer application and soil covering of the orchard, solves the problem of difficulty in a strip-ditch fertilization and soil covering integrated fertilization technology of the orchard, has the characteristics of high fertilization efficiency, powerful functions, simple structure, good adaptability and the like, and is particularly suitable for ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilization operation of the orchard. Suitable organic fertilizers include commercial organic fertilizers, livestock and poultry manure, and granular or powdery carbon-based agricultural wastes.
Reference numerals:
1. the fertilizer applicator 2, the vehicle body 3, the carriage 4, the fertilizer conveying device 5, the fertilizer spreading device 6, the ditching fertilizer burying device 7, the fertilizer conveying tensioning mechanism 8, the travelling wheel mechanism 9, the cab 10, the engine 11, the hydraulic oil tank 12, the fertilizer conveying chain plate mechanism 13, the fertilizer conveying motor and the speed reducer 14, the fertilizer limiting opening 15, the fertilizer limiting adjusting hand wheel 16, the fertilizer limiting plate 17, the carriage body 18, the hydraulic pump 19, the fertilizer conveying shaft and the chain wheel 20, the fertilizer conveying chain 21, the fertilizer conveying scraper 22, the fertilizer spreading groove 23, the fertilizer spreading groove baffle 24, the fertilizer spreading chain plate mechanism 25, the fertilizer spreading motor 26, the fertilizer spreading rack 27, the fertilizer spreading chain 28, the fertilizer spreading scraper 29, the fertilizer spreading shaft and the chain wheel 30, the ditching soil spreading motor 31, the height adjusting hydraulic cylinder 32, the soil guiding plate and the housing 33, the ditching soil spreading knife roller 34, the knife shaft 35, the soil spreading blade 36 and the soil blade.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a left side view of the general structure of an organic fertilizer ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilizer applicator for an orchard;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the general structure of an orchard organic fertilizer ditching and burying integrated fertilizer applicator;
FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a vehicle body, a carriage and a fertilizer conveying device of the ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilizer applicator for organic fertilizers in an orchard;
FIG. 4 is a right side view of a vehicle body, a carriage and a fertilizer conveying device of the ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilizer applicator for organic fertilizers in an orchard;
FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a fertilizer conveying chain plate mechanism of the ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilizer applicator for organic fertilizers in an orchard;
FIG. 6 is a structure diagram of a fertilizer spreading device of the ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilizer applicator for organic fertilizers in an orchard;
FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of a fertilizer spreading chain plate mechanism of the ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilizer applicator for organic fertilizers in an orchard;
FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of a ditching and fertilizer burying device of an orchard organic fertilizer ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilizer applicator;
FIG. 9 is a bottom view of a ditching and fertilizer burying device of the ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilizer applicator for organic fertilizers in orchards;
FIG. 10 is a structural diagram of a ditching and soil throwing knife roll of an organic fertilizer ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilizer applicator for an orchard;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of ditching and fertilizer burying of the ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilizer applicator for organic fertilizers in orchards.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
according to the embodiment, ditching is carried out in the areas near the root systems of fruit trees on two sides or one side of a row of the orchard, then organic fertilizer is filled into the ditch, and the ditch is covered by the ditched soil, so that ditching-fertilizing-earthing operation of the all-in-one machine is realized.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilizer applicator for organic fertilizers in orchards at least comprises a fertilizer applicator 1, a vehicle body 2, a carriage 3, a fertilizer conveying device 4, a fertilizer spreading device 5 and a ditching and fertilizer burying device 6.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the vehicle body 2 at least comprises a traveling wheel mechanism 8, a cab 9, an engine 10, a hydraulic oil tank 11 and a hydraulic pump 18; the traveling wheel mechanism 8 comprises four wheels and is arranged below the vehicle body 2; a cab 9 and an engine 10 are respectively mounted on the left and right sides of the front end of the vehicle body 2; a hydraulic pump 18 is installed under the engine 10, and is powered by the engine 10; the hydraulic oil tank 11 is arranged in front of the carriage 3, provides hydraulic oil for the hydraulic pump 18 through a hydraulic oil pipe to form a hydraulic transmission system, converts mechanical power output by the engine 10 into hydraulic power, and provides power for the operation of the fertilizer conveying device 4, the fertilizer spreading device 5 and the ditching and fertilizer burying device 6.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the carriage 3 at least comprises a fertilizer limiting adjusting handwheel 15, a fertilizer limiting plate 16 and a carriage body 17; the carriage 3 is composed of four inclined plane carriage bodies 17 forming a certain angle with the plumb surface, and the inclination angle is larger than the stacking angle of the organic fertilizer; the rear part of the carriage body 17 is provided with a fertilizer limiting plate 16 and a fertilizer limiting adjusting hand wheel 15, and the size of the fertilizer limiting opening 14 is adjusted by manually rotating the fertilizer limiting adjusting hand wheel 15.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the fertilizer feeding device 4 at least comprises a fertilizer feeding chain plate mechanism 12, a fertilizer feeding motor and a speed reducer 13 thereof, and a fertilizer feeding tensioning mechanism 7; the fertilizer conveying chain plate mechanism 12 is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the carriage body 17 of the carriage 3.
As shown in fig. 5, the fertilizer conveying chain plate mechanism 12 at least comprises two fertilizer conveying shafts and chain wheels 19, a fertilizer conveying chain 20 and a plurality of fertilizer conveying scrapers 21; the two fertilizer conveying shafts and the chain wheel 19 are horizontally and transversely arranged in the carriage 3 in tandem; the fertilizer conveying shaft and the chain wheel 19 are provided with a fertilizer conveying chain 20; each section of the fertilizer conveying chain 20 is provided with a fertilizer conveying scraping strip 21; the fertilizer conveying motor and the speed reducer 13 thereof are arranged on the outer edge of one side of the rear part of the carriage 3, are connected with a fertilizer conveying shaft and a chain wheel 19 at the rear end of the fertilizer conveying device 4 and provide power for the fertilizer conveying device 4; the fertilizer conveying tensioning mechanism 7 is arranged on the outer edge of one side of the front part of the carriage 3, and the fertilizer conveying chain plate mechanism 12 is tensioned by manually adjusting the fertilizer conveying tensioning mechanism 7.
As shown in fig. 6, the fertilizer spreading device 5 at least comprises a fertilizer spreading chain plate mechanism 24, a fertilizer spreading motor 25, a fertilizer spreading frame 26, a fertilizer spreading groove 22 and a fertilizer spreading groove baffle 23; the fertilizer spreading chain plate mechanism 24 is horizontally and transversely arranged in the fertilizer spreading groove 22.
As shown in fig. 7, the fertilizer spreading chain plate mechanism 24 at least comprises two fertilizer spreading chains 27, a plurality of fertilizer spreading scrapers 28, and two fertilizer spreading shafts and chain wheels 29; the two fertilizer spreading chains 27 are respectively and transversely arranged on the two fertilizer spreading shafts and chain wheels at two ends of the chain wheel 29; each section of the fertilizer spreading chain 27 is fixedly provided with a fertilizer spreading scraper bar 28; two fertilizer spreading shafts and chain wheels 29 are horizontally arranged at the left end and the right end of the fertilizer spreading groove 22; the fertilizer spreading frame 26 is fixed at the tail part of the vehicle body 2; the fertilizer spreading groove 22 is fixed at the center of the fertilizer spreading frame 26; fertilizer spreading groove baffles 23 are fixedly arranged on two sides of the fertilizer spreading groove 22; the fertilizer spreading motor 25 is arranged at the outer end shaft of a fertilizer spreading shaft and chain wheel 29 and used as a driving fertilizer spreading shaft and chain wheel 29 to provide fertilizer spreading power for the fertilizer spreading chain plate mechanism 24.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the ditching and fertilizing device 6 at least comprises a ditching and soil-throwing knife roll 33, a soil guide plate and housing 32, a ditching and soil-throwing motor 30 and a height-adjusting hydraulic cylinder 31; the ditching and soil throwing knife roll 33 at least comprises a ditching knife shaft 34, a plurality of ditching blades 35 and soil throwing blades 36; the ditching cutter shaft 34 is horizontally and transversely arranged in front of the fertilizer spreading side of the fertilizer spreading device 5, and the rotation direction during working is the same as the rotation direction during advancing of the traveling wheel mechanism 8; four rows of ditching blades 35 are uniformly arranged on the ditching cutter shaft 34 in the circumferential direction, wherein the cutting edges of the ditching blades 35 in the same row are in the same direction, and the cutting edges of two adjacent rows of ditching blades 35 are opposite; the soil guide plate and the housing 32 are arranged above the ditching and soil throwing knife roll 33 and play roles in retaining soil and limiting soil; the ditching and soil throwing motor 30 is arranged at the inner side shaft end of the ditching cutter shaft 34 and provides power for the ditching and soil throwing knife roller 33; the height adjusting hydraulic cylinder 31 is positioned in front of the fertilizer spreading device 5 and is arranged at the directional connection part of the ditching and soil throwing knife roller 33 and the fertilizer spreading device 5 so as to adjust the working height of the ditching and fertilizer burying device 6.
As shown in fig. 10, the ditching and soil throwing knife roll 33 at least comprises a ditching knife shaft 34, a plurality of ditching blades 35 and soil throwing blades 36; during ditching and soil throwing operation, ditching and soil taking are carried out on one side between rows of the orchard by the ditching blade 35, soil cut by ditching is thrown backwards by the soil throwing blade 36, the soil starts to fall after crossing a fertilizer spreading center on a fertilizer spreading side of the fertilizer spreading device 5 to form an arch-shaped arc soil throwing track, organic fertilizer which is already scattered into a ditch is buried and covered, and ditching and fertilizer burying are realized.
As shown in fig. 8, 9 and 11, the ditching depth and the soil throwing height of the ditching and fertilizer burying device 6 are adjustable; the depth of the ditching and soil throwing knife roll 33 is adjusted by changing the extending position of the height adjusting hydraulic cylinder 31 so as to adjust the ditching depth; the soil throwing speed of the ditching and soil throwing knife roller 33 is adjusted by changing the speed of the ditching and soil throwing motor 30 so as to change the speed and the direction of a soil throwing point and further adjust the soil throwing height. By adjusting the ditching depth and the soil throwing height, the soil throwing track is controlled, and the condition that the fertilizer falling area and the fertilizer application uniformity are influenced by the interference of the thrown soil and the fertilizer.
As shown in fig. 8, 9, 10 and 11, the ditching blade 35 is of a 'sickle' type blade structure and has soil cutting and crushing capabilities; the back of the inner side of the ditching blade 35 is provided with a soil throwing blade 36 with soil throwing and ditch cleaning functions, and the cutting edge direction of the soil throwing blade 36 and the cutting edge direction of the ditching blade 35 form an obtuse angle so as to reduce soil cutting and ditching resistance and simultaneously play a role in gathering soil to the middle and then throwing the soil; soil cutting and ditching are carried out through the soil cutting edge of the ditching blade 35, and soil is guided to the soil throwing blade 36; the soil is thrown out by the soil throwing blade 36 toward a tangential line of the rotation direction of the ditching blade 35.
Further explaining the working principle of the ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilizer applicator for the organic fertilizer in the orchard, disclosed by the invention, comprises the following steps:
the ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilizer applicator for the organic fertilizer in the orchard can realize mechanized ditching and fertilizer application and soil covering of the orchard, solves the problem of difficulty in a strip-ditch fertilization and soil covering integrated fertilization technology of the orchard, has the characteristics of high fertilization efficiency, powerful functions, simple structure, good adaptability and the like, and is particularly suitable for ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilization operation of the orchard. The specific process and the working principle are expressed as follows:
in the ditching and fertilizer burying operation of the organic fertilizer among the rows of the orchard, the extending position of the height adjusting hydraulic cylinder is adjusted to adjust the soil penetration depth of the ditching and soil throwing knife roller according to the fertilizing depth requirements of different operations so as to change the ditching depth; according to the fertilizing amount requirements of different fruit trees, the position of the fertilizer limiting plate is adjusted, and the size of the fertilizer limiting opening is adjusted. During fertilizing operation, the ditching and fertilizer burying device ditches and throws soil to one side of a row space under the driving of a ditching and soil throwing motor along with the advance of a fertilizer applicator, ditches and fetches soil through a ditching blade arranged on a ditching and soil throwing knife roller, leads the soil to a soil throwing blade arranged on the ditching blade, and throws the soil to the rear side under the action of the soil throwing blade and naturally falls down to form an arched soil throwing track; meanwhile, organic fertilizer in the carriage enters the fertilizer spreading device from the fertilizer limiting opening under the action of a fertilizer conveying chain plate mechanism of the fertilizer conveying device, and is spread out to the ditching side among the rows under the action of the fertilizer spreading chain plate mechanism, and the spread organic fertilizer is spread into the ditched groove from the arched lower part of the arched soil spreading track; the arched track of the thrown soil continuously moves forwards under the forward movement of the fertilizer applicator to cover the fertilizer scattered into the ditch, thereby realizing the fertilizer burying operation. When the ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilizer applicator for the orchard organic fertilizer is used for fertilizing in an orchard, the speed of the fertilizer conveying device and the fertilizing amount can be controlled by adjusting the size of the fertilizer limiting opening, and the ditching and soil throwing motor of the ditching and fertilizer burying device can be adjusted in soil throwing height and arch-shaped track.
Claims (4)
1. An orchard organic fertilizer ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilizer applicator is characterized in that a fertilizer applicator (1) at least comprises a body (2), a carriage (3), a fertilizer conveying device (4), a fertilizer spreading device (5) and a ditching and fertilizer burying device (6); the vehicle body (2) at least comprises a traveling wheel mechanism (8), a cab (9), an engine (10), a hydraulic oil tank (11) and a hydraulic pump (18); the traveling wheel mechanism (8) comprises four wheels and is arranged below the vehicle body (2); a cab (9) and an engine (10) are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the front end of the vehicle body (2); the hydraulic pump (18) is arranged below the engine (10) and is powered by the engine (10); the hydraulic oil tank (11) is arranged in front of the carriage (3), provides hydraulic oil for the hydraulic pump (18) through a hydraulic oil pipe to form a hydraulic transmission system, converts mechanical power output by the engine (10) into hydraulic power, and provides power for the operation of the fertilizer conveying device (4), the fertilizer spreading device (5) and the ditching and fertilizer burying device (6);
the carriage (3) at least comprises a fertilizer limiting adjusting hand wheel (15), a fertilizer limiting plate (16) and a carriage body (17); the carriage (3) is composed of four inclined plane carriage bodies (17) forming a certain angle with the plumb surface, and the inclination angle is larger than the stacking angle of the organic fertilizer; a fertilizer limiting plate (16) and a fertilizer limiting adjusting hand wheel (15) are arranged at the rear part of the carriage body (17), and the size of the fertilizer limiting opening (14) is adjusted by manually rotating the fertilizer limiting adjusting hand wheel (15);
the fertilizer conveying device (4) at least comprises a fertilizer conveying chain plate mechanism (12), a fertilizer conveying motor and a speed reducer (13) thereof and a fertilizer conveying tensioning mechanism (7); the fertilizer conveying chain plate mechanism (12) is horizontally arranged at the bottom of a carriage body (17) of the carriage (3); the fertilizer conveying chain plate mechanism (12) at least comprises two fertilizer conveying shafts, a chain wheel (19), a fertilizer conveying chain (20) and a plurality of fertilizer conveying scraping strips (21); the two fertilizer conveying shafts and the chain wheel (19) are horizontally and transversely arranged in the carriage (3) in tandem; a fertilizer conveying chain (20) is arranged on the fertilizer conveying shaft and the chain wheel (19); each section of the fertilizer conveying chain (20) is provided with a fertilizer conveying scraping strip (21); the fertilizer conveying motor and the speed reducer (13) thereof are arranged on the outer edge of one side of the rear part of the carriage (3), are connected with a fertilizer conveying shaft and a chain wheel (19) at the rear end of the fertilizer conveying device (4), and provide power for the fertilizer conveying device (4); the fertilizer conveying tensioning mechanism (7) is arranged at the outer edge of one side of the front part of the carriage (3), and the fertilizer conveying chain plate mechanism (12) is tensioned by manually adjusting the fertilizer conveying tensioning mechanism (7);
the fertilizer spreading device (5) at least comprises a fertilizer spreading chain plate mechanism (24), a fertilizer spreading motor (25), a fertilizer spreading rack (26), a fertilizer spreading groove (22) and a fertilizer spreading groove baffle (23); the fertilizer spreading chain plate mechanism (24) is horizontally and transversely arranged in the fertilizer spreading groove (22), and the fertilizer spreading chain plate mechanism (24) at least comprises two fertilizer spreading chains (27), a plurality of fertilizer spreading scraping strips (28), two fertilizer spreading shafts and a chain wheel (29); the two fertilizer spreading chains (27) are respectively and transversely arranged on the two fertilizer spreading shafts and chain wheels at two ends of the chain wheel (29); each section of the fertilizer spreading chain (27) is fixedly provided with a fertilizer spreading scraping strip (28); the two fertilizer spreading shafts and the chain wheel (29) are horizontally arranged at the left end and the right end of the fertilizer spreading groove (22); the fertilizer spreading rack (26) is fixed at the tail part of the vehicle body (2); the fertilizer spreading groove (22) is fixed at the center of the fertilizer spreading rack (26); fertilizer spreading groove baffles (23) are fixedly arranged on two sides of the fertilizer spreading groove (22); the fertilizer spreading motor (25) is arranged at the outer end shaft of the fertilizer spreading shaft and the chain wheel (29) and is used as a driving fertilizer spreading shaft and the chain wheel (29) to provide fertilizer spreading power for the fertilizer spreading chain plate mechanism (24);
the ditching and fertilizer burying device (6) at least comprises a ditching and soil throwing knife roller (33), a soil guide plate and a housing (32), a ditching and soil throwing motor (30) and a height adjusting hydraulic cylinder (31); the ditching and soil throwing knife roll (33) at least comprises a ditching knife shaft (34), a plurality of ditching blades (35) and soil throwing blades (36); the ditching cutter shaft (34) is horizontally and transversely arranged in front of the fertilizer spreading side of the fertilizer spreading device (5), and the rotation direction during working is the same as the rotation direction during advancing of the traveling wheel mechanism (8); four rows of ditching blades (35) are uniformly arranged on the ditching cutter shaft (34) in the circumferential direction, wherein the cutting edges of the ditching blades (35) in the same row have the same direction, and the cutting edges of two adjacent rows of ditching blades (35) are opposite; the soil guide plate and the housing (32) are arranged above the ditching and soil throwing knife roller (33) and play roles in retaining soil and limiting soil; the ditching and soil throwing motor (30) is arranged at the inner shaft end of the ditching cutter shaft (34) and provides power for the ditching and soil throwing knife roller (33); the height adjusting hydraulic cylinder (31) is positioned in front of the fertilizer spreading device (5) and is arranged at the directional connection part of the ditching and soil throwing knife roller (33) and the fertilizer spreading device (5) so as to adjust the working height of the ditching and fertilizer burying device (6).
2. The ditching and fertilizing integrated fertilizer distributor for orchards with organic fertilizers according to claim 1, wherein the ditching and soil-throwing knife roll (33) comprises at least one ditching knife shaft (34), a plurality of ditching blades (35) and soil-throwing blades (36); when the ditching and soil throwing operation is carried out, ditching and soil taking are carried out on one side between rows of the orchard by the ditching blade (35), soil cut by ditching is thrown backwards by the soil throwing blade (36), the soil starts to fall after crossing a fertilizer spreading center on a fertilizer spreading side of the fertilizer spreading device (5), an arch-shaped arc soil throwing track is formed, organic fertilizer which is already scattered into a ditch is buried and covered, and ditching and fertilizer burying are realized.
3. The ditching and fertilizing integrated fertilizer distributor for orchards with organic fertilizers according to claim 1, wherein the ditching and fertilizing device (6) has adjustable ditching depth and soil throwing height; the depth of the ditching and soil throwing knife roll (33) is adjusted by changing the extending position of the height adjusting hydraulic cylinder (31) so as to adjust the ditching depth; the soil throwing speed of the ditching and soil throwing knife roll (33) is adjusted by changing the speed of the ditching and soil throwing motor (30) so as to change the speed and direction of a soil throwing point and further adjust the soil throwing height; by adjusting the ditching depth and the soil throwing height, the soil throwing track is controlled, and the condition that the fertilizer falling area and the fertilizer application uniformity are influenced by the interference of the thrown soil and the fertilizer.
4. The ditching and fertilizer burying integrated fertilizer applicator for organic orchards according to claim 1, wherein the ditching blade (35) is of a sickle-shaped blade structure and has soil cutting and crushing capabilities; a soil throwing blade (36) which plays roles of soil throwing and ditch cleaning is arranged on the back of the inner side of the ditching blade (35), and the cutting edge direction of the soil throwing blade (36) and the cutting edge direction of the ditching blade (35) form an obtuse angle so as to reduce soil cutting and ditching resistance and play a role of throwing after gathering soil towards the middle; soil cutting and ditching are carried out through the soil cutting edge of the ditching blade (35), and soil is guided to the soil throwing blade (36); the soil is thrown out to the tangential line of the rotation direction of the ditching blade (35) through the soil throwing blade (36).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010591042.2A CN111527849A (en) | 2020-06-25 | 2020-06-25 | Orchard organic fertilizer ditching and fertilizing integrated fertilizer applicator |
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| CN202010591042.2A CN111527849A (en) | 2020-06-25 | 2020-06-25 | Orchard organic fertilizer ditching and fertilizing integrated fertilizer applicator |
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| CN111527849A true CN111527849A (en) | 2020-08-14 |
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| CN113228865A (en) * | 2021-06-27 | 2021-08-10 | 西北农林科技大学 | Ditching-free type fertilizing device |
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