CN113198453B - Lamellar Bi 2 O 2 SiO 3 -Si 2 Bi 24 O 40 Heterogeneous composite photocatalyst and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Lamellar Bi 2 O 2 SiO 3 -Si 2 Bi 24 O 40 Heterogeneous composite photocatalyst and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113198453B
CN113198453B CN202110552269.0A CN202110552269A CN113198453B CN 113198453 B CN113198453 B CN 113198453B CN 202110552269 A CN202110552269 A CN 202110552269A CN 113198453 B CN113198453 B CN 113198453B
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composite photocatalyst
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CN113198453A (en
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伍媛婷
关梦瑶
韩琳
王锦荣
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Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
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    • B01J35/39
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/16Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/18Arsenic, antimony or bismuth
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Abstract

The invention discloses a lamellar Bi 2 O 2 SiO 3 ‑Si 2 Bi 24 O 40 A heterogeneous composite photocatalyst and a preparation method thereof. Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and sodium metasilicate nonahydrate are used as raw materials, absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water are used as solvents, citric acid, Ethylene Glycol (EG), polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 6000 and the like are used as dispersing agents, polystyrene microspheres (PS) are used as modifiers, and the mixture is reacted in a stainless steel closed high-pressure kettle for 8 to 15 hours, so that the lamellar Bi with more active sites is prepared 2 O 2 SiO 3 ‑Si 2 Bi 24 O 40 A heterogeneous composite photocatalyst. The method is simple to operate, the prepared powder has uniform particle size distribution and good dispersibility, the obtained composite material not only has the function of a new heterostructure, but also has a smaller and thinner lamellar structure, provides more active sites and shows higher photocatalytic performance.

Description

Lamellar Bi 2 O 2 SiO 3 -Si 2 Bi 24 O 40 Heterogeneous composite photocatalyst and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photocatalysts, and particularly relates to lamellar Bi 2 O 2 SiO 3 -Si 2 Bi 24 O 40 A heterogeneous composite photocatalyst and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The bismuth-based semiconductor generally has good photocatalytic performance, has wide visible light response range and good physical and chemical stability due to the appropriate forbidden band width and the special layered structure, and is a great research hotspot in the field of photocatalysis. However, the problems of easy electron-hole recombination and narrow response wavelength range still exist, and further improvement and solution are needed.
The narrow forbidden bandwidth can improve the utilization rate of sunlight, and the wide forbidden bandwidth can inhibit the recombination of photon-generated carriers. Therefore, it is difficult for a single semiconductor photocatalytic material to simultaneously have excellent light absorption capability and higher photogenerated carrier separation and transfer efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a sheet-shaped heterogeneous composite photocatalyst and a preparation method thereof, the contradiction is solved by constructing a heterojunction, the obtained composite photocatalyst has uniform particle size distribution, a smaller and thinner sheet-shaped structure and more active sites, the structure can effectively improve the utilization rate of light and the photocatalytic activity, and the preparation process is simple.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a lamellar heterogeneous composite photocatalyst with Bi as expression 2 O 2 SiO 3 -Si 2 Bi 24 O 40 The structure is a three-dimensional cross-type lamellar structure consisting of sheets with the thickness of about 15-25 nm and the side length of not more than 1.5 mu m. Compared with the thick plate before modification, the modified plate has a smaller and thinner microstructure; the three-dimensional crossed lamellar structure provides more active sites and improves the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst.
The preparation method of the lamellar heterogeneous composite photocatalyst comprises the following steps:
step 1, adding a dispersing agent into a bismuth nitrate solution to obtain a solution A, and taking a sodium metasilicate solution as a solution B, wherein the molar ratio of silicon ions to bismuth ions is 1: 1-1.5: 1;
step 2, slowly dripping the solution B into the solution A, continuously stirring, uniformly mixing, and then adding the PS suspension to obtain a precursor solution;
step 3, keeping the precursor solution in a stainless steel closed autoclave with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining for 8-15 hours at the temperature of 150-250 ℃, and then naturally cooling to room temperature;
step 4, collecting and centrifuging the obtained product, washing the product for a plurality of times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, then drying the product at the temperature of between 60 and 80 ℃, and grinding the product to obtain the lamellar Bi 2 O 2 SiO 3 -Si 2 Bi 24 O 40 A heterogeneous composite photocatalyst.
The mass concentration of the bismuth nitrate solution is 60-80%, and the concentration of the dispersing agent in the solution A is controlled to be 0.3-1.2 mol/L.
The dispersing agent is one or more of citric acid, EG, polyethylene glycol 400 and polyethylene glycol 6000, and when the dispersing agent is multiple, the proportion is random.
The mass concentration of the sodium metasilicate solution is 20-50%.
The addition amount of the PS suspension is 20-80% of the total volume of the solution B and the solution A, and the PS suspension serves as a modifier.
The filling ratio of the precursor solution in a stainless steel closed high-pressure kettle is 46-70%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with other types of heterojunction, the bismuth-based/bismuth-based semiconductor heterojunction can solve the problem of difficult carrier transmission caused by lattice distortion of a heterojunction interface, and the heterojunction formed between two bismuth-based semiconductors may share [ Bi 2 O 2 ] 2+ Unit of layered structure, which favors charges in [ Bi ] 2 O 2 ] 2+ The transmission in the layer is transferred, so that the photocatalytic performance of the bismuth semiconductor is improved.
2. Effectively utilize Bi 2 O 2 SiO 3 With Si 2 Bi 24 O 40 The similar structure and the matched energy band form Bi through the processes of polymerization reaction, homogeneous reaction, hydrothermal reaction and the like 2 O 2 SiO 3 -Si 2 Bi 24 O 40 A heterojunction.
3. The utilization rate of sunlight is improved while the recombination rate of photo-generated electrons and holes is reduced.
4. The PS suspension is added to generate steric hindrance effect in a hydrothermal environment, so that overgrowth of crystal grains is effectively controlled, an original thick plate is changed into a smaller and thinner lamellar shape, more active sites are exposed, and the photocatalytic performance of the composite material is further improved.
5. Under the action of visible light, Bi 2 O 2 SiO 3 Electron generated in the electron donor will transit to Si 2 Bi 24 O 40 On the conduction band of (2), reacts with surface oxygen to generate superoxide radical (. O) 2- ) At the same time, Si 2 Bi 24 O 40 Upper hole (h) + ) Will migrate to Bi 2 O 2 SiO 3 The superoxide radical and the cavity in the system are main catalytic degradation active groups of the system, namely, the generated superoxide radical reacts with the cavity and pollutants to complete degradation reaction.
6. The preparation process is simple, the prepared powder has uniform particle size distribution and lighter agglomeration, and the photocatalytic activity is enhanced by the synergistic effect of the heterojunction interface and the layered structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an XRD pattern of the powder prepared by the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of the powder prepared by the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the pollutant degradation performance of the powder prepared by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preparation method comprises the steps of using bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and sodium metasilicate nonahydrate as raw materials, using absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water as solvents, using citric acid, Ethylene Glycol (EG), polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 6000 and the like as dispersing agents, using polystyrene microspheres (PS) as modifiers, mixing, and reacting in a stainless steel closed high-pressure kettle for 8-15 hours, thereby preparing the lamellar Bi with more active sites 2 O 2 SiO 3 -Si 2 Bi 24 O 40 A heterogeneous composite photocatalyst. The method is simple to operate, the prepared powder has good dispersibility, the obtained composite material not only has the function of a new heterostructure, but also has a smaller and thinner lamellar structure, provides more active sites and shows higher photocatalytic performance.
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
Example 1
(1) Mixing styrene, alpha-methacrylic acid and deionized water, taking potassium persulfate as an initiator, stirring at a constant temperature of 60-80 ℃, and carrying out polymerization reaction for 6-10 hours. Centrifuging and washing after the reaction is finished, and finally dissolving in absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain a Polystyrene (PS) suspension;
(2) preparing a bismuth nitrate solution with the mass percentage of 60-80%, adding a certain amount of dispersant in the stirring process, and stirring until the dispersant is dissolved to obtain a solution A;
(3) slowly dripping 20-50% of sodium metasilicate solution (the molar ratio of silicon ions to bismuth ions is 1: 1-1: 1.5) in percentage by mass into the solution A, and continuously stirring. After uniform mixing, adding 12mL of PS suspension to obtain a precursor solution;
(4) keeping the precursor solution in a stainless steel closed autoclave with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining at 150-250 ℃ for 8-15 hours, and then naturally cooling to room temperature;
(5) and collecting and centrifuging the obtained product, washing the product for a plurality of times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, drying the product at the temperature of between 60 and 80 ℃, and grinding the product to obtain the lamellar heterogeneous composite photocatalyst.
Example 2
(1) Mixing styrene, alpha-methacrylic acid and deionized water, taking potassium persulfate as an initiator, stirring at a constant temperature of 60-80 ℃, and carrying out polymerization reaction for 6-10 hours. Centrifuging and washing after the reaction is finished, and finally dissolving in absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain a Polystyrene (PS) suspension;
(2) preparing a bismuth nitrate solution with the mass percentage of 60-80%, adding a certain amount of dispersing agents (including citric acid, EG, polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 6000 and the like, controlling the concentration of each dispersing agent to be 0.3-1.2 mol/L) in the stirring process, and stirring until the dispersing agents are dissolved to obtain a solution A;
(3) slowly dripping 20-50% of sodium metasilicate solution (the molar ratio of silicon ions to bismuth ions is 1: 1-1: 1.5) in percentage by mass into the solution A, and continuously stirring. After uniform mixing, adding 16mL of PS suspension to obtain a precursor solution;
(4) keeping the precursor solution in a stainless steel closed high-pressure kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining at the temperature of 150-250 ℃ for 8-15 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(5) collecting and centrifuging the obtained product, washing the product for a plurality of times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, drying the product at the temperature of between 60 and 80 ℃, and grinding the product to obtain the lamellar Bi 2 O 2 SiO 3 -Si 2 Bi 24 O 40 A heterogeneous composite photocatalyst.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, substitutions, combinations, simplifications, etc. made based on the principle or spirit of the present invention should be considered as equivalent replacements within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A preparation method of a lamellar heterogeneous composite photocatalyst, wherein the expression of the lamellar heterogeneous composite photocatalyst is Bi 2 O 2 SiO 3 -Si 2 Bi 24 O 40 The structure is a three-dimensional crossed lamellar structure consisting of sheets with the thickness of about 15-25 nm and the side length of not more than 1.5 mu m, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, adding a dispersing agent into a bismuth nitrate solution to obtain a solution A, taking a sodium metasilicate solution as a solution B, wherein the molar ratio of silicon ions to bismuth ions is 1: 1-1.5: 1;
step 2, slowly dripping the solution B into the solution A, continuously stirring, uniformly mixing, and then adding the PS suspension to obtain a precursor solution;
step 3, keeping the precursor solution in a stainless steel closed high-pressure kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining at the temperature of 150-250 ℃ for 8-15 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
step 4, collecting and centrifuging the obtained product, washing the product for a plurality of times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, then drying the product at the temperature of between 60 and 80 ℃, and grinding the product to obtain the lamellar Bi 2 O 2 SiO 3 -Si 2 Bi 24 O 40 A heterogeneous composite photocatalyst.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of the bismuth nitrate solution is 60 to 80%, and the concentration of the dispersant in the solution A is controlled to be 0.3 to 1.2 mol/L.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dispersant is one or more of citric acid, EG, polyethylene glycol 400 and polyethylene glycol 6000, and when the dispersant is more than one, the proportion is arbitrary.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the sodium metasilicate solution is 20-50% by mass.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the PS suspension is added in an amount of 20 to 80% of the total volume of the solutions B and A.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the filling ratio of the precursor solution in the stainless steel closed autoclave is 46-70%.
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CN112337459A (en) * 2020-11-30 2021-02-09 湖南城市学院 Preparation method of bismuth tungstate composite photocatalyst

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CN110252278A (en) * 2019-06-18 2019-09-20 陕西科技大学 A kind of porous heterogeneous Bi2O2SiO3/Bi12SiO20The preparation method of high efficiency photocatalyst
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CN112337459A (en) * 2020-11-30 2021-02-09 湖南城市学院 Preparation method of bismuth tungstate composite photocatalyst

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