CN113197259B - Medicinal and edible homologous medicine king tea compound granule for relieving visual fatigue and preparation method and quality control method thereof - Google Patents
Medicinal and edible homologous medicine king tea compound granule for relieving visual fatigue and preparation method and quality control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113197259B CN113197259B CN202110605601.5A CN202110605601A CN113197259B CN 113197259 B CN113197259 B CN 113197259B CN 202110605601 A CN202110605601 A CN 202110605601A CN 113197259 B CN113197259 B CN 113197259B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a medicinal and edible medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granule for relieving visual fatigue, a preparation method and a quality control method thereof. The compound granule consists of a medicinal and edible raw material composite extract, stevioside, zinc gluconate, selenocysek carrageenan, ascorbic acid and the like, wherein the medicinal and edible raw material composite extract is obtained by crushing and extracting medicinal king tea, semen cassiae, chrysanthemum and medlar according to the mass ratio of 2:4:3:3. The compound granule can relieve visual fatigue, can remove DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine), ABTS (2, 2-biazal-di (3-ethyl-benzothiazole-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) and OH (hydroxyl) free radicals, reduces the integral of human visual fatigue symptoms, improves the effective rate and the photopic persistence of symptoms, and has the characteristics of obvious effect of relieving visual fatigue, unique formula, safety, reliability, economy, feasibility, good quality, controllable quality and the like. The compound granule provides a thinking for the development and utilization of medicine king tea resources and the development of a healthy product for relieving visual fatigue.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of functional foods, and in particular relates to a medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and edible king tea compound granule for relieving visual fatigue, a preparation method and a quality control method thereof.
Background
Visual fatigue is also called asthenopia, and refers to an ocular fatigue syndrome caused by excessive use of eyes when working or learning at close fixation for a long time. Visual fatigue mainly takes blurred vision, ghost, photophobia, non-durable vision, dry eyes, pain and itching, acid swelling, lacrimation, headache and dizziness and the like as clinical manifestations. The patient with visual fatigue is not only easy to have symptoms such as eye fatigue and pain, but also can cause negative moods such as anxiety, dysphoria and depression due to visual problems (see related research summary of visual fatigue of Yao Yanghua and the like [ J ]. Chinese journal of ophthalmology, 2016), and the working, learning and life quality are seriously affected. Many factors that cause visual fatigue include both ocular defects (e.g., overuse of the eyes) and other physical defects (e.g., nutritional problems) and environmental defects (e.g., screen flickering) (see the student's visual fatigue epidemic situation in Beijing city and sea lake area university studied by Ma Le and its related factors [ J ]. University of Beijing, 2011). Recent studies have confirmed that visual fatigue is closely related to oxidative stress, free radicals can cause inflammation of ocular tissues, generate harmful substances such as lipid peroxides, and induce visual fatigue (see the protection of oxidative stress type visual impairment by the compound crude extract studied by Liujie, J. Food safety quality detection school, 2020). In recent years, the problem of visual fatigue is becoming more common, and the problem has become an important factor affecting the quality of life of teenager students, white collar workers, and particularly people who overuse smart phones, computers or multimedia screens for a long time. However, currently, there are few commercially available medicines, large health products, and particularly functional foods for alleviating visual fatigue. The functional food which takes medicinal and edible plants as main raw materials and can relieve visual fatigue is researched and developed, and has important positive significance for the physical and psychological health of the new age public health, especially the teenager students, white collar workers and other crowds.
The homology of medicine and food is a unique nutrition and health care theory in China. The first medical classics of China, huangdi Nei, firstly proposes the idea of homology of medicine and food: the five cereals are used for nourishing, the five fruits are used for assisting, the five animals are used for nourishing, and the five vegetables are used for filling and taking together with smell to replenish essence and replenish qi. Five of them are sweet and salty in taste, and they are good in either dispersing or collecting, slow or urgent, or fast or firm, and they are good for four-time five-storage, so they are also good for five flavors. The meaning of homology of medicine and food is further elucidated in Huangdi's Neotain @ "Sui Dynasty Poplar Shang): "five cereals and five animals, five fruits and five dishes" are used to allay hunger, so they are eaten for treating diseases, so they are medicines. After that, the medical science and food homology theory of 'medical and food homology', 'medical and food homology of theory', 'diet therapy', 'food therapy' is gradually formed through the perfection of medical and pharmaceutical science and food specialists in the past. The national food safety law clearly indicates that food refers to "various finished products and raw materials for human consumption or drinking and articles which are traditionally both food and medicine, but do not include articles for therapeutic purposes", wherein the legal status of the food and medicine homologous articles is established according to the regulatory specification of "articles which are traditionally both food and medicine", the basic meaning of the food and medicine homologous articles is clarified, and the boundaries of food and medicine are also clarified. The medicine-food homology theory not only emphasizes the medicine-food homology and the same theory, but also emphasizes the limit of medicine-food, and non-medicine-food homology traditional Chinese medicines cannot be used in food manufacturing illegally, otherwise, the health of human bodies can be seriously endangered. The compound medicinal granules developed according to the medicine-food homology theory meet national legal requirements, have high safety and have obvious nutrition and health care effects.
In the prior art, chinese patent CN1225273A discloses a traditional Chinese medicine health care product and a preparation method thereof, which are prepared by mixing, decocting, filtering and preparing liquid products from medicinal and edible raw materials (which can be used for manufacturing foods) such as gardenia, semen cassiae, chrysanthemum, medlar, pearl barley, cooked rheum officinale, poria cocos, concha haliotidis, dendrobe and medicinal raw materials (which can not be used for manufacturing foods) such as antelope horn, periostracum cicada, earthworm, concha haliotidis (shell of abalone family), coptis chinensis, radix bupleuri and the like. Chinese patent CN1287845A discloses a chrysanthemum health-care tea and a preparation method thereof, wherein semen cassiae and chrysanthemum are crushed into fine powder and then mixed with green tea to prepare the health-care tea. Chinese patent CN105076609A discloses a preparation method of medlar and chrysanthemum tea beverage, which comprises the steps of respectively preparing medlar and chrysanthemum into water extract, mixing, adding rock sugar and stabilizer (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), homogenizing, and sterilizing to obtain the liquid beverage. The paper toxicology test and safety evaluation of the wolfberry fruit beverage for relieving visual fatigue reports that a liquid fruit juice beverage prepared from fresh wolfberry fruit (non-dried wolfberry fruit) is safe and nontoxic. In general, the prior art has the following features and disadvantages:
(1) Most of the prior art only mixes the raw materials such as cassia seeds and chrysanthemum, or simply washes, cuts or pulverizes the raw materials and mixes them together, does not extract active ingredients in the raw materials, is difficult to ensure the effectiveness of the product, and is inconvenient to drink.
(2) Most of the prior art does not consider using medicinal and edible raw material medicine king tea in the formula.
(3) In the prior art, the effect of trace elements and vitamins on relieving visual fatigue is not considered in the formula. In fact, visual fatigue, eye health and trace elements (such as selenium) and vitamins (such as vitamin A) are closely related.
(4) Some of the prior art uses nutritive sweeteners such as rock sugar, sucrose, honey and the like or various processing auxiliary materials and auxiliary agents which are not beneficial to human health. The intake of too much carbohydrate may not only induce or exacerbate myopia, but may also exacerbate diabetic retinopathy, affecting vision.
(5) Some of the prior art uses traditional Chinese medicinal materials which are not homologous to medicines and foods, and does not meet the national health food raw material regulation and food safety requirements. If such Chinese medicinal materials are used for preparing common food or functional food, the health of consumers can be threatened.
(6) Most of the prior art does not consider the cost of raw materials when selecting the medicinal and edible raw materials, and can not comprehensively consider the active function and the economic benefit, thereby influencing the feasibility and the practicability of the product.
(7) Many prior arts lack of quality control methods and standards for raw materials and finished products, and it is difficult to ensure quality and effect of products for relieving visual fatigue.
(8) Many of the prior art has no functional experimental basis for relieving visual fatigue, and does not carry out necessary safety detection (such as heavy metal detection) on products, and the scientificity and the practicability are lacking.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a medicinal and edible king tea compound granule for relieving visual fatigue, a preparation method and a quality control method thereof, and the compound granule has the characteristics and advantages of obvious effect of relieving visual fatigue, unique formula, safety, reliability, economy, feasibility, good quality, controllable quality and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
The invention discloses a medicinal and edible medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granule for relieving visual fatigue, which is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 8000-12000 parts of medicine and food homologous raw material composite extract, 7000-9000 parts of stevioside, 500-1500 parts of zinc gluconate, 3-5 parts of carrageenan selenide, 21000-25000 parts of ascorbic acid and 6-10 parts of vitamin A;
The medicinal and edible raw material composite extract is prepared by mixing and extracting medicinal and edible raw materials of medicinal and edible tea, cassia seed, chrysanthemum and medlar according to a mass ratio of 2:4:3:3.
Preferably, the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and edible king tea compound granule for relieving visual fatigue is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 10000 parts of medicinal and edible raw material composite extract, 9000 parts of stevioside, 1500 parts of zinc gluconate, 4 parts of selenized carrageenan, 23000 parts of ascorbic acid and 8 parts of vitamin A;
The medicinal and edible raw material composite extract is prepared by mixing and extracting medicinal and edible raw materials of medicinal and edible tea, cassia seed, chrysanthemum and medlar according to a mass ratio of 2:4:3:3.
Preferably, the extraction method of the medicinal and edible raw material composite extract is as follows:
Cleaning semen cassiae and medlar, drying the herb king tea and the chrysanthemum tea, mixing 4 medicinal materials according to the mass ratio, and crushing to obtain mixed powder with the granularity of 40-60 meshes;
immersing the mixed powder in hot water with the solid-to-liquid ratio of 60g/L for 8+/-3 min at 50+/-3 ℃, boiling the hot water, extracting for 0.5h in a boiling state, centrifuging at 5000rpm for 8+/-3 min after the extraction is finished, discarding the precipitate, and collecting the supernatant to obtain an extract;
Concentrating the extract to 1/3-1/4 of the original volume to obtain concentrated solution, and freeze-drying the concentrated solution at-50+ -3deg.C under vacuum degree of 20+ -3 Pa to obtain water extract of medicinal tea, semen Cassiae, fructus Lycii and flos Chrysanthemi, i.e. medicinal and edible raw material composite extract.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and edible king tea compound granule for relieving visual fatigue, which comprises the following steps of: according to the parts by weight, 8000-12000 parts of medicine and food homologous raw material composite extract, 7000-9000 parts of stevioside, 500-1500 parts of zinc gluconate, 3-5 parts of seleno-carrageenan, 21000-25000 parts of ascorbic acid and 6-10 parts of vitamin A are respectively weighed and uniformly mixed to obtain medicine and food homologous compound medicinal granules for relieving visual fatigue;
The medicinal and edible raw material composite extract is prepared by mixing and extracting medicinal and edible raw materials of medicinal and edible tea, cassia seed, chrysanthemum and medlar according to a mass ratio of 2:4:3:3.
Preferably, the extraction method of the medicinal and edible raw material composite extract is as follows:
cleaning and drying raw materials of semen cassiae and medlar, drying raw materials of king tea and chrysanthemum tea, mixing 4 medicinal materials according to the mass ratio, and crushing to obtain mixed powder with the granularity of 40-60 meshes;
immersing the mixed powder in hot water with the solid-to-liquid ratio of 60g/L for 8+/-3 min at 50+/-3 ℃, boiling the hot water, extracting for 0.5h in a boiling state, centrifuging at 5000rpm for 8+/-3 min after the extraction is finished, discarding the precipitate, and collecting the supernatant to obtain an extract;
Concentrating the extract to 1/3-1/4 of the original volume to obtain concentrated solution, and freeze-drying the concentrated solution at-50+ -3deg.C under vacuum degree of 20+ -3 Pa to obtain water extract of medicinal tea, semen Cassiae, fructus Lycii and flos Chrysanthemi, i.e. medicinal and edible raw material composite extract.
Preferably, the quality control method of the bulk drug king tea comprises the following steps:
1) Firstly, observing the appearance of the medicinal king tea by adopting a naked eye observation method, wherein the surface of a leaf of the medicinal king tea is required to be green to dark green, and if the leaf is of other colors, the medicinal king tea is determined to be unsatisfactory; the leaves are required to be free from mildew, and if mildew spots exist, the leaves are determined to be unsatisfactory;
2) And then, measuring the content of quercetin, gallic acid and quercetin in the medicinal king tea by adopting a high performance liquid chromatography, wherein the content of the quercetin is not lower than 0.210%, the content of the gallic acid is not lower than 0.205% and the content of the quercetin is not lower than 0.120%, otherwise, the medicinal king tea is not qualified.
The invention also discloses a quality control method of the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and edible king tea compound granule for relieving visual fatigue, wherein the content of total flavonoids in the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and king tea compound granule is determined by a spectrophotometry, and the content of the total flavonoids is required to be not lower than 25%, otherwise, the content is determined to be unsatisfactory.
The invention also discloses another quality control method of the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and edible king tea compound granule for relieving visual fatigue, which adopts a high performance liquid chromatography to measure the contents of quercetin, gallic acid, quercetin, chrysophanol, betaine and luteolin in the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and edible king tea compound granule, and has the following requirements: the content of quercetin is not lower than 1.86mg/g, the content of gallic acid is not lower than 1.75mg/g, the content of quercetin is not lower than 1.08mg/g, the content of chrysophanol is not lower than 4.50 mug/g, the content of betaine is not lower than 6.50mg/g and the content of luteolin is not lower than 0.30mg/g, otherwise, the method is considered to be unsatisfactory.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) Has unique formula and obvious effect. The invention prepares the medicine-food homologous raw material composite extract by taking 4 medicine-food homologous traditional Chinese medicinal materials of medicine king tea, cassia seed, medlar and chrysanthemum as plant raw materials, takes microelements (selenium, zinc) and vitamins (vitamin A and ascorbic acid) as functional food additives or nutrition enhancers, takes stevioside as sweetening agents, takes ascorbic acid as sour agents, and develops the medicine-food homologous medicine king tea compound electuary capable of relieving visual fatigue on the basis of a large number of experimental researches by applying principles and technologies of modern nutrition, food technology, food toxicology and the like and combining with the traditional medicine-food homologous theory of China. The formula is unique in that related research reports of applying the medicine king tea to relieving visual fatigue are not seen so far, the medicine king tea is a special medicine and food homologous plant in mountain areas of Qinling in Shanxi province, can clear summer heat, benefit brain and clear heart, is mainly used for treating summer-heat dizziness, poor eyesight and the like, has faint scent and fresh taste, and has good development and application values. Proved by experimental study, the medicine king tea extract has stronger antioxidant activity and plays an important role in relieving asthenopia compound medicinal granules. The invention provides a reference for scientific development and deep utilization of special medicinal and edible plant medicinal king tea resources in Qinling areas of Shanxi province. Functional experiments carried out according to the national food and drug administration (current national market administration) notification about 9 health function evaluation methods such as the printed antioxidant function evaluation method show that the compound granule can remove DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine), ABTS (2, 2-diaza-bis (3-ethyl-benzothiazole-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) and OH (hydroxyl) free radicals, reduce the integral of visual fatigue symptoms, improve the effective rate and the photopic durability of symptoms, and have good effect of relieving visual fatigue.
(2) Safe and reliable, economical and feasible. The 4 plant raw materials (medicinal king tea, cassia seed, medlar and chrysanthemum) adopted by the invention are all Chinese medicinal materials approved by the national health committee (original health department) and used for food or Chinese medicinal materials which can be eaten and used for medical use traditionally, belong to legal medicinal and edible raw materials, do not use non-medicinal and edible Chinese medicinal materials (such as coptis chinensis), and have high safety. The invention uses water as extractant to prepare medicinal and edible Chinese medicinal material extract, and does not use organic solvents such as ethanol, methanol and the like or harmful extractants. When the medicinal and edible raw materials are selected, the activity of the extract is considered, the cost of the raw materials is considered, and finally the proportion of the medicinal king tea, the cassia seed, the chrysanthemum and the medlar is set to be 2:4:3:3, so that the feasibility of the raw materials in cost economy is ensured. The stevioside is selected as a sweetener, the ascorbic acid is selected as an acidulant and a nutritional supplement, and no nutritive sweetener such as rock sugar, sucrose, honey and the like is used. Stevioside has adjuvant treatment effect on diabetes, and ascorbic acid has antioxidant stress effect, and is helpful for rehabilitation of diabetes patients without affecting vision health of diabetic patients. The raw materials such as stevioside, zinc gluconate, vitamin A, selenized carrageenan and the like used in the invention are all food additives or nutrient enhancers licensed by the national food nutrient enhancer use standard (GB 14880-2012) and the like, and have higher edible safety. The invention also does not use excessive processing auxiliary materials or auxiliary agents such as maltodextrin, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and the like. In addition, the heavy metal of the compound granule is detected, and the compound granule meets the national food safety standard requirement.
(3) The quality is excellent and controllable. In the aspect of sensory characteristics, the invention takes color, flavor (smell), composition state and taste as sensory indexes, and adopts a single factor experiment and an orthogonal experiment method to optimize the formula of the medicinal and edible medicinal king tea compound granule; in the aspect of nutrient and active substance composition, the contents of protein, trace elements, vitamins, quercetin, gallic acid and the like of the compound granule are measured by using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer, a high performance liquid chromatograph and the like; in terms of product properties, the brewing performance of the compound granule is analyzed by adopting an infiltration sinking test and the like; in terms of functional activity, the compound granule has been identified by free radical scavenging experiment, photopic vision persistence experiment, etc. The compound granule for relieving visual fatigue is prepared finally, and the compound granule has rich nutrition, definite function and better quality, has faint scent and fresh taste and has the unique flavor of the medicinal king tea. The invention also provides a quality control method and a standard of the medicine king tea raw material and the compound medicinal granule product, which are helpful for ensuring the quality and the effect of the medicine and food homologous medicine king tea compound medicinal granule for relieving visual fatigue.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows DPPH radical scavenging activity;
FIG. 2 is an ABTS radical scavenging activity;
FIG. 3 shows the OH radical scavenging activity.
In the figure, A, B, C, D, E and F respectively represent medicine king tea, semen Cassiae, flos Chrysanthemi, fructus Lycii, medicine and food homologous raw material compound extract (medicine king tea: semen Cassiae: flos Chrysanthemi: fructus Lycii=2:4:3:3) and medicine and food homologous medicine king tea compound granule.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a detailed description of embodiments of the present invention will be provided below, wherein it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A medicinal and edible medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granule for relieving visual fatigue is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 10000 parts of medicinal and edible raw material composite extract, 9000 parts of stevioside, 1500 parts of zinc gluconate, 4 parts of selenized carrageenan, 23000 parts of ascorbic acid and 8 parts of vitamin A.
The medicine and food homologous raw material composite extract is obtained by mixing and extracting 4 medicine and food homologous raw materials of medicine king tea, cassia seed, chrysanthemum and medlar according to the mass ratio of 2:4:3:3.
The preparation method of the medicinal and edible compound granule for relieving visual fatigue comprises the following steps of:
step 1, preparing medicinal and edible raw materials: 4 medicinal and edible Chinese medicinal materials of medicinal king tea, chrysanthemum, wolfberry fruit and cassia seed are prepared.
Step 2, quality control of the raw materials of the medicine king tea: the quality of the raw materials of the medicinal king tea is checked by using 2 methods. 1) Adopting a visual observation method to examine the appearance of the medicinal king tea, requiring the surface of the leaf to be green to dark green, and if the leaf is in other colors, determining that the leaf is not satisfactory; the leaves are required to be free from mildew, and if mildew spots exist, the leaves are determined to be unsatisfactory; 2) The content of quercetin, gallic acid and quercetin in the medicinal king tea is determined by high performance liquid chromatography, wherein the content of quercetin is not less than 0.210%, the content of gallic acid is not less than 0.205% and the content of quercetin is not less than 0.120%, otherwise, the medicinal king tea is not qualified.
Step 3, crushing and sieving: washing selected semen Cassiae and fructus Lycii with clear water for 2 times, oven drying at 40+ -3deg.C, and directly oven drying selected herb tea and flos Chrysanthemi at 40+ -3deg.C. Mixing 4 Chinese medicinal materials according to the mass ratio, and crushing to obtain mixed powder of the medicine king tea, the cassia seed, the medlar and the chrysanthemum with the granularity of 40-60 meshes for standby.
Step 4, extracting: weighing the mixed powder of the medicinal herb tea, the cassia seed, the medlar and the chrysanthemum, wrapping the mixed powder by using 4 layers of gauze, binding the mixed powder by using ropes, soaking the mixed powder in hot water with the temperature of 50+/-3 ℃ for 8+/-3 min (the solid-to-liquid ratio is 60 g/L), boiling the hot water, extracting the mixed powder for 0.5h in a boiling state, centrifuging the mixed powder at 5000rpm for 8+/-3 min after the extraction is finished, discarding the precipitate, and collecting supernatant to obtain the medicinal herb tea, the cassia seed, the medlar and the chrysanthemum extract.
Step 5, concentrating: vacuum rotary evaporating and concentrating the extract of the medicine king tea, the cassia seed, the medlar and the chrysanthemum to 1/3-1/4 of the original volume to obtain concentrated solution.
Step 6, freeze drying: lyophilizing the concentrated solution at-50+ -3deg.C and vacuum degree of 20+ -3 Pa to obtain water extract of medicinal tea, semen Cassiae, fructus Lycii and flos Chrysanthemi, i.e. medicinal and edible raw material composite extract.
Step 7, mixing: according to the weight portion ratio, the medicine and food homologous raw material compound extract, stevioside, zinc gluconate, seleno carrageenan, ascorbic acid and vitamin A are respectively weighed and evenly mixed to prepare the medicine and food homologous medicine king tea compound medicinal granules.
The quality control method of the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal king tea compound granule for relieving visual fatigue comprises the following steps of:
The quality of the compound granule is checked by using 2 methods:
1) The spectrophotometry is adopted to measure the content of total flavonoids in the medicinal and edible medicinal king tea compound granule, and the content of the total flavonoids is required to be not lower than 25%, otherwise, the medicinal and edible medicinal king tea compound granule is determined to be unsatisfactory;
2) The content of quercetin, gallic acid, quercetin, chrysophanol, betaine and luteolin in the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and edible medicinal compound medicinal granule is determined by adopting a high performance liquid chromatography, wherein the content of quercetin is not lower than 1.86mg/g, the content of gallic acid is not lower than 1.75mg/g, the content of quercetin is not lower than 1.08mg/g, the content of chrysophanol is not lower than 4.50 mug/g, the content of betaine is not lower than 6.50mg/g and the content of luteolin is not lower than 0.30mg/g, otherwise, the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and edible medicinal compound medicinal granule is not lower than the requirement.
The functions and actions of the edible and edible raw materials in this example were analyzed as follows.
The medicine king tea is a special medicinal and edible homologous traditional Chinese medicine in mountain areas of Qinling mountains of Shanxi province, and is mainly produced in mountain meadow areas of about 3000 m of Taibai mountain sea. The phasor is named because the Chinese medicine king and the Chinese health preserving nasal ancestor are discovered and drunk for life in the period of diving repair in the Qinling Taibai mountain area. According to literature, the medicine king tea can clear summer heat, nourish brain, clear heart, regulate menstruation and strengthen stomach, and is mainly used for treating summer heat dizziness, unclear eyes, incoordination between stomach qi, food stagnation and irregular menstruation. In 2014, the office of national health and county committee (current country Wei Jianwei) pointed out in mail (national health and food letter [ 2014 ] 1075) of health and county committee (current Shaanxi Wei Jianwei) of Shaanxi province that the King tea can be managed according to the rules of food safety law and new food raw material safety inspection management method and common food with traditional eating habits. From this, the medicinal king tea is formally a national licensed medicinal and edible plant. The research of the invention shows that the medicine king tea has stronger antioxidation capability, contains active substances such as quercetin, gallic acid, quercetin and the like, and has higher total flavone content. The flavonoid compound has strong antioxidant activity, can effectively remove free radicals in vivo, and can prevent cell degeneration and aging. Some flavonoids have good effect on retinopathy caused by diabetes. Because visual fatigue and oxidative stress and eye diseases are in close relation, the medicinal king tea has development prospect in the field of relieving visual fatigue.
Semen Cassiae, fructus Lycii, flos Chrysanthemi are also traditional Chinese medicinal materials in China. In 2002, the national ministry of health (now national Wei Jianwei) classified it as an article useful as a food in the notice on further standardization of raw materials management for health foods (Wei Fajian, publication [ 2002 ] 51), and so far, cassia seed, wolfberry fruit and chrysanthemum are formally licensed as a medicinal and edible plant for the country. Semen Cassiae is bitter, sweet and salty in taste, and slightly cold in nature, entering liver, kidney and large intestine meridians. According to Shennong Ben Cao Jing, jue Ming can treat green blindness, eye-wear, conjunctiva congestion, eye-wear pain and tear. "Bai Hua Ben Cao" records that Bai Zi can treat headache and improve eyesight, better than Bai He Zi. "Ben Cao Bei Yao" records that Cassia Torae seed can treat all eye diseases, so it is known as Cassia Torae semen. "the book of Ben Cao Chong Yuan" states that Cassia Torae semen can be used for treating green blindness, eye-disorder and skin redness. "Ben Cao Qizhen" indicates that semen Cassiae dispels wind and dissipates heat. The eyes are not harvested, eye pain is not enough, and wind-heat internal excessive flow is mostly caused, so that blood cannot go upwards, and the treatment is expelling; it is an important herb for treating lacrimation and pain because it can dispel heat by bitter and salty, soften hardness, nourish blood, thin in strength and air-float, and also can promote and dispel wind evil. It can be used as pillow to treat headache, but if the person takes it too much, he can search for wind and avoid the damage of wind, so it is more powerful if he is combined with chamomile and wolfberry fruit as the complement. The meaning of cassia is this. "the" De-compound herbal "indicates that the semen Cassiae is combined with the Chinese wolfberry fruit, honey pills for treating eye diseases due to yin deficiency. Modern scientific researches show that the semen cassiae contains more chrysophanol, has a certain antibacterial effect and has better prevention and treatment effects on eye infections such as acute conjunctivitis and acute keratitis. According to the description of the "Lei Gong Yao Ji", the fruit of Chinese wolfberry is bitter and sweet in taste, slightly cold in nature and nontoxic, and enters liver and kidney meridians. Five internal pathogenic heat, dysphoria, diabetes, peripheral arthralgia, rheumatism, qi in the lower chest and hypochondrium, headache, eye sight improving, fatigue relieving, tendons and bones strengthening, marrow and essence replenishing, heart qi strengthening, yin strengthening, intelligence improving, skin and bone interarticular wind removing, sore swelling and heat toxin eliminating. Long-term administration of the Chinese medicinal composition can prolong the service life, avert cheese, and relieve facial toxicity. "Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang" states that wolfberry fruit can treat "red eyes and pain, not open every day and night". The materia medica outline of materia medica records that medlar has the efficacy of treating eye astringency with nebula, etc. Fructus Lycii is rich in polysaccharide and betaine. Betaine has antioxidant and liver protecting effects. Traditional Chinese medicine considers that liver function has close relation with eye health. Chrysanthemum, flos Chrysanthemi is cold in nature and enters the liver meridian. According to Shen nong Ben Cao Jing, ju Hua can treat dizziness, swelling and pain, eye drop, lacrimation, skin death, and arthralgia due to wind-dampness. "Ben Cao gang mu" records that Ju Hua can treat wind-heat, headache, and desire to take off, tear, nourish eyes and remove blindness, and act as pillow to improve eyesight. "Du Ji Zhi Ben Cao" records that Ju Hua can treat skin damp arthralgia and dizziness. "flos Chrysanthemi contains more luteolin and chlorogenic acid. Luteolin has effects of protecting cardiovascular system and central nervous system, and chlorogenic acid has antibacterial, free radical scavenging and antiaging effects.
According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, four kinds of Chinese medicines, namely cassia seed, medlar, chrysanthemum and medicinal king tea, are combined to be beneficial to human bodies. According to the invention, a large number of experimental researches prove that the medicinal and edible raw material composite extract prepared by mixing medicinal and edible tea, cassia seed, medlar and chrysanthemum according to the optimal ratio (2:4:3:3) has better antioxidant activity, has stronger scavenging ability to DPPH free radical than that of single cassia seed, chrysanthemum and medlar, has stronger scavenging ability to ABTS free radical than that of single medlar and cassia seed, and has stronger scavenging ability to OH free radical than that of single cassia seed (see below). The 4 raw materials of the medlar, the cassia seed, the medicinal king tea and the chrysanthemum are medicinal and edible traditional Chinese medicinal materials, so that the edible safety is high, and the national standard requirements of plant beverage (GB/T31326-2014) and the like are met.
The functions and actions of the food additive and the nutrition enhancer in this example were analyzed as follows.
The selenized carrageenan is an important selenium supplementing agent, has high safety and can supplement trace element selenium. Selenium is helpful for eliminating free radicals harmful to eyes, and has certain effect on improving eyesight. The selenized carrageenan also has liver protecting effect. Stevioside is a non-nutritive sweetener, has high safety, is suitable for patients with diabetes, obesity and arteriosclerosis, and does not harm the vision health of patients with diabetes and ophthalmopathy. The zinc gluconate is an important zinc supplement agent, has high safety and good bioavailability, and can supplement trace element zinc. The zinc has effects of improving eye nutrition and protecting vision. Vitamin a is an essential substance for maintaining normal eye function. Ascorbic acid has various biological functions of resisting oxidation, regulating immunity, participating in amino acid and protein metabolism, etc. Ascorbic acid is an important vitamin (vitamin C). Ascorbic acid is distributed in the eye lens and cornea more, and can reduce the oxidative damage of the eye induced by light. The ascorbic acid can also be used as an acidulant for adjusting the taste of the medicinal and edible medicinal king tea compound granule. The food additive and the nutrition enhancer used in the embodiment are safe and reliable, and are beneficial to maintaining eyeball health and relieving visual fatigue.
Example 2
A medicinal and edible medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granule for relieving visual fatigue is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 10000 parts of medicinal and edible raw material composite extract, 7000 parts of stevioside, 1000 parts of zinc gluconate, 4 parts of carrageenan selenide, 23000 parts of ascorbic acid and 8 parts of vitamin A. The medicine and food homologous raw material composite extract is obtained by mixing and extracting 4 medicine and food homologous raw materials of medicine king tea, cassia seed, chrysanthemum and medlar according to the mass ratio of 2:4:3:3. The preparation and quality control method of the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal king tea compound granule of the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 1.
Example 3
A medicinal and edible medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granule for relieving visual fatigue is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 10000 parts of medicinal and edible raw material composite extract, 7000 parts of stevioside, 1500 parts of zinc gluconate, 4 parts of carrageenan selenide, 25000 parts of ascorbic acid and 8 parts of vitamin A. The medicine and food homologous raw material composite extract is obtained by mixing and extracting 4 medicine and food homologous raw materials of medicine king tea, cassia seed, chrysanthemum and medlar according to the mass ratio of 2:4:3:3. The preparation and quality control method of the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal king tea compound granule of the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 1.
Example 4
A medicinal and edible medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granule for relieving visual fatigue is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 10000 parts of medicinal and edible raw material composite extract, 8000 parts of stevioside, 500 parts of zinc gluconate, 4 parts of carrageenan selenide, 24000 parts of ascorbic acid and 8 parts of vitamin A. The medicine and food homologous raw material composite extract is obtained by mixing and extracting 4 medicine and food homologous raw materials of medicine king tea, cassia seed, chrysanthemum and medlar according to the mass ratio of 2:4:3:3. The preparation and quality control method of the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal king tea compound granule of the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 1.
Example 5
A medicinal and edible medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granule for relieving visual fatigue is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 10000 parts of medicinal and edible raw material composite extract, 8000 parts of stevioside, 1000 parts of zinc gluconate, 4 parts of carrageenan selenide, 25000 parts of ascorbic acid and 8 parts of vitamin A. The medicine and food homologous raw material composite extract is obtained by mixing and extracting 4 medicine and food homologous raw materials of medicine king tea, cassia seed, chrysanthemum and medlar according to the mass ratio of 2:4:3:3. The preparation and quality control method of the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal king tea compound granule of the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 1.
Example 6
A medicinal and edible medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granule for relieving visual fatigue is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 9000 parts of medicinal and edible raw material composite extract, 9000 parts of stevioside, 1000 parts of zinc gluconate, 4 parts of selenized carrageenan, 24000 parts of ascorbic acid and 8 parts of vitamin A. The medicine and food homologous raw material composite extract is obtained by mixing and extracting 4 medicine and food homologous raw materials of medicine king tea, cassia seed, chrysanthemum and medlar according to the mass ratio of 2:4:3:3. The preparation and quality control method of the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal king tea compound granule of the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 1.
In order to determine the optimal formula of the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal king tea compound granule, evaluate the nutritional value, the quality characteristics and the visual fatigue relieving effect of the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal king tea compound granule, a great deal of experimental researches are carried out, and various analysis conditions are as follows:
1. The compound medicinal granule formula of medicinal and edible medicinal king tea is preferably selected
1.1 Experimental materials and instrumentation
The experimental materials mainly comprise commercial medicinal and edible Chinese medicinal materials of semen cassiae, medlar, chrysanthemum and herb tea, as well as steviol glycoside (food grade), ascorbic acid (food grade), zinc gluconate (food grade), seleno carrageenan (food grade), vitamin A (food grade), ABTS (analytical grade), DPPH (analytical grade), bovine serum albumin (purity of more than or equal to 98%), ascorbic acid (vitamin C, V C, purity of more than or equal to 99%), absolute ethyl alcohol (analytical grade), PBS buffer solution (phosphate buffer solution, pH=6.6), ferrous sulfate (FeSO 4·7H2 O, analytical grade), potassium ferricyanide (K 3Fe(CN)6, analytical grade), ferric trichloride (FeCl 3, analytical grade), aluminum nitrate (Al (NO) 3·9H2 O, analytical grade), potassium acetate (CH 3 COOK, analytical grade), hydrogen peroxide (H 2O2) aqueous solution (30%, analytical grade), rutin (analytical grade), salicylic acid (C 7H6O3, analytical grade), potassium persulfate (K 2S2O8, analytical grade), methanol (chromatographic grade), acetonitrile (chromatographic grade), chrysin (chromatographic grade), quercetin (chromatographic grade), chromatographic grade (grade), and grade (quercetin (chromatographic grade), chromatographic grade (quercetin (grade), phosphoric acid (chromatographic grade). The instrument and equipment mainly comprises a full-wavelength enzyme labeling instrument, a vacuum freeze dryer, a rotary evaporator, constant-temperature heating equipment and a centrifuge.
1.2 Preparation method of medicinal and edible homologous medicine king tea compound electuary
1.2.1 Semen Cassiae purchase and inspection
Dry processed cassia seeds are purchased at the drug store in western security, shanxi province. 1) The color and appearance characteristics of the cassia seeds are inspected by adopting a naked eye observation mode, the cassia seeds are required to be slightly rhombic or short cylindrical, the two ends of the cassia seeds are inclined in parallel, the length of the cassia seeds is 3-7 mm, the width of the cassia seeds is 2-4 mm, and the cassia seeds are not required to be met if the cassia seeds are in other shapes. The surface is green-brown or dark brown, smooth and glossy, and is considered undesirable if it is of another color (e.g., black). The worm damage and deformation rate must not exceed 2%, and the mildew-free property is achieved. If the mildew or worm-eating rate exceeds 2%, the method is regarded as unsatisfactory. 2) And (3) determining the content of chrysophanol in the cassia seeds by adopting high performance liquid chromatography, if the content of chrysophanol in the cassia seeds is not lower than 0.21%, considering the cassia seeds to meet the requirements, otherwise, considering the cassia seeds to not meet the requirements. Meanwhile, the semen cassiae raw material detected by a visual observation method and a high performance liquid chromatography can be used for preparing the medicine and food homologous medicine king tea compound medicinal granules.
1.2.2 Purchase and inspection of Lycium barbarum
Dried wolfberry fruit was purchased at the drug store in western security, shanxi province. Checking medlar: 1) The color and appearance of the wolfberry fruit are inspected by adopting a naked eye observation mode, the wolfberry fruit is required to be in a spindle-like shape or an elliptic shape, the length is 6-20 mm, the diameter is 3-10 mm, and if the wolfberry fruit is in other shapes, the wolfberry fruit is not required to be in compliance. Surface reds or reds are considered undesirable if they are of other colors (e.g., yellow to brown). The worm damage and deformation rate must not exceed 2%, and the mildew-free property is achieved. If the mildew or worm-eating rate exceeds 2%, the method is regarded as unsatisfactory. 2) And (3) determining the betaine content in the wolfberry by adopting a high performance liquid chromatography, if the betaine content in the wolfberry is not lower than 0.51%, considering the wolfberry to meet the requirements, otherwise, considering the wolfberry to be not met. Meanwhile, the wolfberry fruit raw material prescription detected by naked eye observation method and high performance liquid chromatography can be used for preparing medicine and food homologous medicine king tea compound medicinal granules.
1.2.3 Purchase and inspection of King tea
Dry pharmaceutical king tea is purchased at Taibai county pharmaceutical company, shaanxi province. Purchase and inspection of the medicine king tea: 1) The appearance of the medicinal king tea is inspected by adopting a visual observation method, the surface of the leaf is required to be green to dark green, and if the leaf is in other colors (such as yellow to brown), the leaf is not required to be qualified; no mildew is required, and if mildew spots are found, they are considered undesirable. 2) The content of quercetin, gallic acid and quercetin in the medicinal king tea is determined by high performance liquid chromatography, wherein the content of quercetin is not less than 0.210%, the content of gallic acid is not less than 0.205% and the content of quercetin is not less than 0.120%, otherwise, the medicinal king tea is not qualified. Meanwhile, the medicine king tea raw material prescription detected by naked eye observation method and high performance liquid chromatography can be used for preparing medicine and food homologous medicine king tea compound medicinal granules.
1.2.4 Chrysanthemum purchase and verification
Dried chrysanthemums were purchased at the drug store in western security, shanxi province. 1) The color and appearance characteristics of the chrysanthemum are inspected by adopting a naked eye observation mode, the chrysanthemum is required to be in a flat sphere shape or an irregular sphere shape, the diameter is 1.5-2.5 cm, and if the chrysanthemum is in other shapes, the chrysanthemum is not required to be in compliance. The flapper is white or yellow and is deemed undesirable if it is of another color (e.g., black). The worm damage and deformation rate must not exceed 2%, and the mildew-free property is achieved. If the mildew or worm-eating rate exceeds 2%, the method is regarded as unsatisfactory. 2) And (3) measuring the content of luteolin in the chrysanthemum by adopting high performance liquid chromatography, and if the content of luteolin in the chrysanthemum is measured to be not less than 0.081, considering that the chrysanthemum meets the requirements, otherwise, considering that the chrysanthemum does not meet the requirements. Meanwhile, the chrysanthemum raw material detected by a naked eye observation method and a high performance liquid chromatography can be used for preparing the medicinal and edible medicinal king tea compound granule. Through inspection, 4 medicinal and edible raw materials of cassia seed, medlar, chrysanthemum and medicinal king tea used in the research all meet the requirements.
1.2.5 Crushing and sieving
Washing selected semen Cassiae and fructus Lycii with clear water for 2 times, oven drying at 40+ -3deg.C, and directly oven drying selected herb tea and flos Chrysanthemi at 40+ -3deg.C. Then mixing 4 Chinese medicinal materials according to a certain mass ratio, and pulverizing to obtain mixed powder of medicinal king tea, cassia seed, wolfberry fruit and chrysanthemum with the granularity of 40-60 meshes for standby.
1.2.6 Extraction
Weighing 60g of the mixed powder of the medicinal king tea, the cassia seed, the medlar and the chrysanthemum, wrapping the mixed powder by 4 layers of gauze, binding the mixed powder by ropes, soaking the mixed powder in 1L of hot water (50+/-3 ℃) for 8+/-3 minutes, boiling the hot water, extracting the mixed powder for 0.5 hour under the boiling state, centrifuging the mixed powder for 8+/-3 minutes under the condition of 5000rpm after the extraction is finished, discarding the precipitate, and collecting the supernatant to obtain the medicinal king tea, the cassia seed, the medlar and the chrysanthemum extract.
1.2.7 Concentration
Vacuum rotary evaporating and concentrating the extract of the herb tea, the cassia seed, the medlar and the chrysanthemum to 1/3-1/4 of the original volume to obtain the concentrated solution.
1.2.8 Freeze drying
Lyophilizing the concentrated solution at-50+ -3deg.C and vacuum degree of 20+ -3 Pa to obtain water extract (medicinal and edible raw material composite extract) of herb tea, semen Cassiae, fructus Lycii and flos Chrysanthemi.
1.2.9 Mixing materials
And respectively weighing the medicinal and edible raw material compound extract, stevioside, zinc gluconate, selenized carrageenan, ascorbic acid and vitamin A according to the experimental design and proportion, and uniformly mixing to obtain the medicinal and edible king tea compound granule.
1.2.10 Quality inspection of medicinal and edible homologous medicine king tea compound electuary
The spectrophotometry is adopted to measure the total flavone content in the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and king tea compound granule, the high performance liquid chromatography is adopted to measure the contents of chrysophanol, betaine, luteolin, quercetin and gallic acid in the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and king tea compound granule, the total flavone content in the medicinal and edible medicinal king tea compound medicinal granule is not less than 25%, the quercetin content is not less than 1.86mg/g, the gallic acid content is not less than 1.75mg/g, the quercetin content is not less than 1.08mg/g, the chrysophanol content is not less than 4.50 mu g/g, the betaine content is not less than 6.50mg/g and the luteolin content is not less than 0.30mg/g, otherwise, the prepared medicinal and edible medicinal king tea compound medicinal granule is not met.
1.3 Antioxidant assay
1.3.1DPPH determination of radical scavenging Rate
Preparing 0.04mg/mL of DPPH solution by absolute ethyl alcohol, accurately sucking 1mL of the solution to be detected of the sample and 2mL of the mixed solution of the DPPH absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly mixing, placing the mixture at room temperature in a dark place for 30min, immediately measuring absorbance at the wavelength of 517nm, and parallelly measuring each sample for 3 times. Vitamin C was used as a positive control. The clearance (%) of each sample to be tested to DPPH radical was calculated.
1.3.2ABTS determination of radical scavenging Rate
First, 0.89mL of a potassium persulfate solution with a concentration of 140mmoL/L was added to 50mL of an ABTS radical solution with a concentration of 7mmoL/L, and the mixture was stored at 4℃overnight to prepare an ABTS stock solution. The ABTS stock solution was diluted just before use and absorbance at 734nm was adjusted to (0.70.+ -. 0.02) to prepare an ABTS working solution. 0.1mL of the sample was added to 1.9mL of the ABTS working solution, the mixture was thoroughly mixed, the reaction was conducted in the dark for 6min, and the absorbance was measured at 734 nm. Vitamin C was used as a positive control. The clearance (%) of each sample to be tested to ABTS free radicals was calculated.
1.3.3 Determination of the free radical hydroxyl radical removal
Adding 1.0mL of 9.0mmol/LFeSO 4 solution, 1.0mL of sample solution and 9.0mmol/LH 2O2 1.0.0 mL of solution into a 10.0mL centrifuge tube respectively, shaking uniformly, standing for 10min, adding 1.0mL of 9.0mmol/L salicylic acid-ethanol solution, shaking uniformly, preserving heat at 37 ℃ for 30min, cooling, centrifuging at 3500r/min for 10min, and taking supernatant to measure the absorbance at 510 nm. The hydroxyl radical clearance (%) is calculated by using equal volume of distilled water instead of salicylic acid as a sample control group, equal volume of distilled water instead of the sample as a blank control group and vitamin C as a positive control.
1.4 Sensory evaluation methods
According to the general principle of sensory evaluation, the sensory evaluation standards of the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and edible king tea compound granule for relieving visual fatigue are formulated by combining national standards of plant beverage (GB/T31326-2014), solid beverage (GB/T29602-2013) and the like, and are shown in table 1. The sensory panel consisted of 20 members of different gender and age, meeting relevant regulations. In order to eliminate the influence of subjective factors of panelists on sensory evaluation results, the products are not marked in the evaluation process, wherein the influence possibly affects the evaluation results.
Table 1 sensory evaluation criteria
1.5 Method of formula optimization
1.5.1 Formulation preference strategy
The optimal formula of the medicinal and edible medicinal king tea compound granule is preferably obtained by taking functions (antioxidant activity), price cost and sensory characteristics (color, smell, tissue state and taste) as investigation indexes and adopting a multi-index comprehensive evaluation method.
1.5.2 Optimization method of medicine and food homologous raw material ratio
The optimal proportion of the raw materials is determined by comprehensively considering the antioxidant activity and the price cost of 4 medicinal and edible raw materials of the medicinal and edible tea, the cassia seed, the medlar and the chrysanthemum and the mixture with specific proportion.
1.5.3 Orthologous medicine and king tea compound granule formulation orthogonal test method
Firstly, screening factors with great influence on the organoleptic characteristics of the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granule through a pre-experiment (single factor experiment), and then further determining the factor level through an orthogonal experiment. Specifically, the effects of 6 factors of the additive amount of the medicinal and edible raw material composite extract, the additive amount of stevioside, the additive amount of zinc gluconate, the additive amount of vitamin A, the additive amount of seleno carrageenan and the additive amount of ascorbic acid on the sensory characteristics of medicinal and edible medicinal king tea compound granule are examined by adopting a single factor experiment method, and the result shows that the additive amount of the medicinal and edible raw material composite extract, the additive amount of seleno carrageenan and the additive amount of vitamin A have small influence on the flavor and taste, so the additive amounts of the medicinal and edible raw material composite extract, the additive amount of seleno carrageenan and the additive amount of vitamin A are respectively fixed to 10000 parts, 4 parts, 8 parts by referring to national standards such as food nutrition enhancer use standard (GB 14880-2012) and food additive use standard (GB 2760-2014). On the basis, stevioside addition (A), zinc gluconate addition (B) and ascorbic acid addition (C) which have great influence on flavor and taste are selected as orthogonal test factors, and a three-factor three-level orthogonal test [ L 9 (33) ] is designed to preferably select the formula of the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal king tea compound granule.
1.6 Experimental results and analysis
1.6.1 Preference of the mixture ratio of the medicinal and edible raw materials (determination of the synergistic mixture ratio of the medicinal and edible raw materials)
In order to ensure the bioactivity (function) and production feasibility of the medicinal and edible king tea compound granule, the optimal ratio (table 2) of 4 raw materials is determined by comprehensively considering the antioxidant activity and the price cost of 4 medicinal and edible raw materials of medicinal and edible king tea, cassia seed, medlar and chrysanthemum and a specific ratio mixture thereof. Numerous studies have shown that visual fatigue is closely related to oxidative stress and that improving the oxidative stress state of the body helps to alleviate visual fatigue (see below).
TABLE 2 analysis of the functional (Activity) and economic benefits of the medicinal and edible raw materials
a The medicine king tea comprises semen cassiae, chrysanthemum and medlar=2:4:3:3.
As can be seen from Table 2 and FIGS. 1 to 3, the 4 kinds of medicinal and edible raw materials of the herb tea, the cassia seed, the medlar and the chrysanthemum have large differences (see below for details) in the EC 25 and the EC 50 of the ABTS, DPPH and OH free radical scavenging activities, which indicate that the antioxidant capacities of the 4 kinds of medicinal and edible raw materials are different. It can be seen from Table 2 that the price cost of the herb tea, semen Cassiae, fructus Lycii, and flos Chrysanthemi also has a large difference. When the medicine king tea, the cassia seed, the chrysanthemum and the medlar are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:4:3:3, the antioxidation activity is higher, and the price cost is lower (table 2). The medicinal and edible raw material composite extract prepared according to the optimal ratio (medicinal king tea: semen cassiae: chrysanthemum: medlar=2:4:3:3) has higher scavenging ability on DPPH free radical than semen cassiae, chrysanthemum and medlar, higher scavenging ability on ABTS free radical than semen cassiae and semen cassiae, and higher scavenging ability on OH free radical than semen cassiae (table 2). In conclusion, the medicine and food homologous medicine king tea compound medicinal granules are prepared by matching 4 medicine and food homologous raw materials of cassia seed, chrysanthemum, medlar and medicine king tea according to the optimal mass ratio (medicine king tea: cassia seed: chrysanthemum: medlar=2:4:3:3). The medicinal and edible raw material composite extract prepared according to the raw material proportion shows stronger antioxidant activity, has lower price cost and has better market development prospect.
1.6.2 Preference of the formulation of the Compound granule of the medicinal and edible herb King tea
According to the pre-experimental results, the additive amount of the composite extract of the medicinal and edible raw materials, the additive amount of the selenized carrageenan and the additive amount of the vitamin A were fixed to 10000 parts, 4 parts and 8 parts respectively, and the additive amounts of stevioside (A), zinc gluconate (B) and ascorbic acid (C) were optimized through the orthogonal experiments (Table 3). As is clear from Table 3, the optimal theoretical combination of stevioside addition amount (A), zinc gluconate addition amount (B) and ascorbic acid addition amount (C) was A 3B3C2, namely, the addition amounts of stevioside, zinc gluconate and ascorbic acid were 9000 parts, 1500 parts and 23000 parts, respectively. The level of each factor in this theoretical combination (a 3B3C2) was exactly the same as the 9 th experiment in the orthogonal experiment, while the sensory score (84.60) in the 9 th experiment was highest among the 9 experiments in the orthogonal experiment, which is reasonable to reflect the theoretical combination from the side. As can be seen from the analysis results of tables 3, 4 and 5, the effect of stevioside addition amount (A) on sensory quality was the greatest, and the effect of zinc gluconate addition amount (B) was the least. In summary, the optimal formula of the medicinal and edible medicinal king tea compound granule is as follows: 9000 parts of stevioside, 1500 parts of zinc gluconate, 23000 parts of ascorbic acid, 10000 parts of medicinal and edible raw material composite extract, 4 parts of selenized carrageenan and 8 parts of vitamin A. The medicinal and edible homologous medicinal king tea compound granule prepared according to the optimal formula has the special flavor of medicinal king tea, fresh and cool taste, proper sweet and sour taste and superior sensory quality.
TABLE 3 orthogonal test design and results
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Table 4 organoleptic evaluation results frequency distribution table of medicinal and edible king tea compound granule
a The experimental numbers were the same as those in table 3, and the data were the number of persons in the rating group who were in favor of the corresponding rating scale.
TABLE 5 scoring of weights for different sensory indices
| Color and luster of | Mouthfeel of the product | Flavor of nourishment (Qi) | Tissue state |
| 0.20525 | 0.3675 | 0.2525 | 0.17475 |
2. Method for controlling quality of medicinal and edible medicinal king tea compound granule
2.1 Experimental materials and instrumentation
The experimental materials are the same as the above, and the instrument and equipment are also a high performance liquid chromatograph (matched with a C 18 chromatographic column) besides the above.
2.2 Experimental methods
2.2.1 Establishment of method for determining active ingredients of King tea
2.2.1.1 Determination of the content of quercetin
The method for measuring the content of the quercetin by referring to Chinese pharmacopoeia and the like adopts a high performance liquid chromatography, and the chromatographic conditions are as follows: separation was performed using a C 18 column with acetonitrile and 0.5% phosphoric acid as mobile phases. Gradient elution, gradient procedure: 0-34 min, acetonitrile, 0.5% phosphoric acid solution = 14:86→15:85; 34-44 min, acetonitrile 0.5% phosphoric acid solution = 15:85→24:76; 44-65 min, acetonitrile, 0.5% phosphoric acid solution = 24:76→31:69. The flow rate is 1.0mL/min, the detection wavelength is 369nm, the column temperature is 25 ℃, and the sample injection amount is 10 mu L.
2.2.1.2 Determination of quercetin content
The method for measuring the content of the quercetin by referring to Chinese pharmacopoeia and the like adopts a high performance liquid chromatography, and the chromatographic conditions are as follows: separation was performed using a C 18 column with acetonitrile and 0.5% phosphoric acid as mobile phases. Gradient elution, gradient procedure: 0-34 min, acetonitrile, 0.5% phosphoric acid solution = 14:86→15:85; 34-44 min, acetonitrile 0.5% phosphoric acid solution = 15:85→24:76; 44-65 min, acetonitrile, 0.5% phosphoric acid solution = 24:76→31:69. The flow rate is 1.0mL/min, the detection wavelength is 369nm, the column temperature is 25 ℃, and the sample injection amount is 10 mu L.
2.2.1.3 Determination of gallic acid content
The method for determining the gallic acid content by adopting a high performance liquid chromatography with reference to Chinese pharmacopoeia comprises the following chromatographic conditions: separating with C 18 chromatographic column, and eluting with methanol and 0.05% phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase at equal degree, wherein the ratio of mobile phase is methanol to 0.05% phosphoric acid solution=7:93, and the time is 30min. The flow rate is 1.0mL/min, the detection wavelength is 271nm, the column temperature is 30 ℃, and the sample injection amount is 10 mu L.
2.2.2 Establishment of quality control method of medicinal and edible homologous medicine king tea compound granule
2.2.2.1 Establishment of the method for determining the Total Flavonoids
The content of the total flavone in the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and edible king tea compound electuary is determined by referring to national standard of spectrophotometry colorimetry (GB/T20574-2006) of determination method of the content of the total flavone in propolis.
2.2.2.2 Determination of the content of chrysophanol
Determining chrysophanol content by high performance liquid chromatography under the following chromatographic conditions: separating by using a C 18 chromatographic column, and taking acetonitrile and 0.1 percent phosphoric acid solution as mobile phases, and performing gradient elution, wherein the gradient program is as follows: 0-15 min, acetonitrile, 0.1% phosphoric acid solution = 40:60; 15-30 min, acetonitrile, 0.1% phosphoric acid solution=40:60→90:10; 30-40 min, acetonitrile, 0.1% phosphoric acid solution=90:10. The flow rate is 1.0mL/min, the detection wavelength is 284nm, the column temperature is 30 ℃, and the sample injection amount is 10 mu L.
Determination of 2.2.2.3 luteolin content
The luteolin content is measured by adopting a high performance liquid chromatography method, and the chromatographic conditions are as follows: separation was performed using a C 18 column with methanol and 0.5% acetic acid as mobile phases. Gradient elution, the gradient procedure is: 0-5 min, methanol to 0.5% acetic acid solution = 15:85→30:70; 5-8 min, methanol 0.5% acetic acid solution = 30:70→50:50;8-16min, methanol: 0.5% acetic acid solution = 50:50→52:48; 16-20 min, methanol 0.5% acetic acid solution=52:48→54:46. The flow rate is 1.0mL/min, the detection wavelength is 254nm, the column temperature is 30 ℃, and the sample injection amount is 10 mu L.
Determination of 2.2.2.4 betaine content
The betaine content is measured by adopting a high performance liquid chromatography method, and the chromatographic conditions are as follows: separating with C 18 chromatographic column, using KH 2PO4 of 50mmol/L as mobile phase, and measuring at 200nm with flow rate of 0.4mL/min, column temperature of 30deg.C, and sample injection amount of 20 μl.
The rest of the experimental methods are the same as the previous ones.
2.3 Experimental results and analysis
2.3.1 Quality control method for raw materials of Yaowang tea
The quality control method for the raw materials of the medicine king tea comprises the following steps: 1) The appearance of the medicinal king tea is inspected by adopting a visual observation method, the surface of the leaf is required to be green to dark green, and if the leaf is in other colors (such as yellow to brown), the leaf is not required to be qualified; no mildew is required, and if mildew spots are found, they are considered undesirable. 2) The content of quercetin, gallic acid and quercetin in the medicinal king tea is determined by high performance liquid chromatography, wherein the content of quercetin is not less than 0.210%, the content of gallic acid is not less than 0.205% and the content of quercetin is not less than 0.120%, otherwise, the medicinal king tea is not qualified. Meanwhile, the medicine king tea raw material prescription detected by naked eye observation method and high performance liquid chromatography can be used for preparing medicine and food homologous medicine king tea compound medicinal granules.
2.3.2 Method for controlling quality of medicinal and edible homologous medicine king tea compound electuary
The quality control method for the medicinal and edible medicinal king tea compound granule comprises the following steps: 1) The spectrophotometry is adopted to measure the content of total flavonoids in the medicinal and edible medicinal king tea compound granule, and the content of the total flavonoids is required to be not less than 25 percent, otherwise, the medicinal and edible medicinal king tea compound granule is determined to be unsatisfactory. 2) The content of quercetin, gallic acid, quercetin, chrysophanol, betaine and luteolin in the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and edible medicinal compound medicinal granule is determined by adopting a high performance liquid chromatography, wherein the content of quercetin is not lower than 1.86mg/g, the content of gallic acid is not lower than 1.75mg/g, the content of quercetin is not lower than 1.08mg/g, the content of chrysophanol is not lower than 4.50 mug/g, the content of betaine is not lower than 6.50mg/g and the content of luteolin is not lower than 0.30mg/g, otherwise, the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and edible medicinal granule is not in compliance with the requirements. Meanwhile, the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal king tea compound medicinal granule formula detected by a spectrophotometry and a high performance liquid chromatography is a qualified product. Quercetin, gallic acid and quercetin are important active ingredients of the medicinal king tea, chrysophanol is a marker compound of semen cassiae, betaine is a main active substance of fructus Lycii, and luteolin is a main active substance of flos Chrysanthemi. The quality control index of the compound medicinal granule of the medicinal and edible homologous medicine king tea is adopted by using chrysophanol, betaine, luteolin, quercetin, gallic acid and quercetin as the quality control index, so that the quality of the compound medicinal granule can be accurately controlled, and the biological activity of the compound medicinal granule (the function of relieving visual fatigue) is ensured.
3. Analysis of nutrition composition and quality characteristics of medicinal and edible medicinal king tea compound granule
3.1 Experimental materials and instrumentation
The medicine and food homologous medicine king tea compound medicinal instant granules are prepared according to the proportion and the method. The main reagents comprise 2, 6-dichloro indophenol (analytically pure), aluminum nitrate (Al (NO 3)3, analytically pure), metaphosphoric acid (HPO 3, analytically pure) and coomassie brilliant blue G-250 dye liquor.
3.2 Experimental methods
3.2.1 Quantitative analysis method of ascorbic acid
The content of ascorbic acid was determined by titration with 2, 6-dichloroindophenol in national standard of determination of ascorbic acid in food (GB 5009.86-2016).
3.2.2 Quantitative analysis method for heavy metals and microelements
3.2.2.1 Zinc
The zinc content was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-EMS) with reference to national standard of determination of zinc in food (GB 5009.14-2017).
3.2.2.2 Lead
The lead content was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-EMS) with reference to national standard of determination of lead in food (GB 5009.12-2017).
3.2.2.3 Selenium
The selenium content was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-EMS) with reference to national standard of selenium determination in food (GB 5009.93-2017).
3.2.3 Proteins
Protein content was determined using classical coomassie brilliant blue staining.
3.2.4 Quantitative analysis method of plant secondary metabolite
3.2.4.1 Chrysophanol
The measurement method is described above.
3.2.4.2 Oleacetamide
The measurement method is described above.
3.2.4.3 Betaine
The measurement method is described above.
3.2.4.4 Total Flavonoids
The measurement method is described above.
3.2.4.5 Quercetin
The measurement method is described above.
3.2.4.6 Quercetin
The measurement method is described above.
3.2.5 Flushing performance analysis method
3.2.5.1 Immersion sinking property
Referring to standard specifications such as solid beverage (GB/T29602-2013), distilled water is poured into a beaker, a certain amount of medicinal and edible medicinal and medicinal king tea compound medicinal and medicinal granule is weighed and rapidly spread on the water surface, and the time required for the medicinal and edible medicinal and medicinal king tea compound medicinal granule to fully infiltrate and sink under the static state and stirring condition is recorded.
3.2.5.2 Quick solubility
Weighing a certain amount of medicinal and edible medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granule, pouring into a beaker, brewing with distilled water, stirring uniformly, and observing the dissolution effect.
3.3 Experimental results and analysis
3.3.1 Microelements
The determination shows that the content of zinc in the medicinal and edible medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granule is 4.80mg/g, and the content of selenium is 0.16 mug/g. Zinc is essential trace element for human body, and has effects of improving eye nutrition and protecting vision. Animal experiments show that zinc is closely related to the content of eyeball vitamin A. Human experiments show that a certain correlation exists between the zinc level in the body and the incidence rate of myopia. Supplementing microelements such as zinc and the like helps promote the vision development of children [19]. Selenium is also extremely important for the function of visual organs. Selenium helps to eliminate free radicals harmful to the eye. If the human eye is in a selenium deficiency state for a long time, vision is possibly reduced and eye diseases (such as cataract and retinopathy) are even caused. Clinical trials show that selenium has a certain effect on improving eyesight. The medicinal and edible medicinal tea compound granule contains a certain amount of zinc and selenium elements, and is helpful for protecting vision.
3.3.2 Vitamins
The determination shows that the medicinal and edible medicinal tea compound granule contains ascorbic acid and vitamin A. Ascorbic acid has various biological functions of resisting oxidation, regulating immunity, participating in amino acid and protein metabolism, etc. Ascorbic acid is distributed in the eye lens and cornea more, and can reduce the oxidative damage of the eye induced by light. Proper replenishment of ascorbic acid helps to prevent early corneal oedema, cataracts and certain chemical and physical ocular injuries. Vitamin a is an essential substance for maintaining normal eye function. The medicinal and edible medicinal tea compound granule contains vitamin A and ascorbic acid, and is beneficial to maintaining eyeball health. In addition, the ascorbic acid can be used as an acidulant to adjust the taste of the medicinal and edible medicinal king tea compound granule, so that the medicinal and edible medicinal king tea compound granule is suitable for sour and sweet.
3.3.3 Proteins
The determination shows that the protein content in the medicinal and edible medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granule is 53.45mg/g. Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body. The medicinal and edible medicinal herb king tea compound granule contains abundant proteins, is beneficial to supplementing proteins and amino acids, and maintains the health of eyeball tissues.
3.3.4 Total Flavonoids
The determination shows that the total flavone content in the medicinal and edible medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granule is 28.43%. Visual fatigue has a large correlation with oxidative stress. Researches show that flavonoid compounds in the medicine king tea, the cassia seed, the medlar and the chrysanthemum have better antioxidation effect, and proper intake is beneficial to reducing free radical oxidative damage.
3.3.5 Chrysophanol
The determination shows that the content of chrysophanol in the medicinal and edible medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granule is 5.3 mug/g. Rheum emodi is the main active component of semen Cassiae, has certain antibacterial effect, and has good curative effects on eye infection such as acute conjunctivitis, acute keratitis [41-43].
3.3.6 Betaines
The determination shows that the betaine content in the medicinal and edible medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granule is 6.67mg/g. Betaine is the main active ingredient of fructus Lycii, and has antioxidant and liver protecting effects. Traditional Chinese medicine considers that liver function has close relation with eye health.
3.3.7 Luteolin
The determination shows that the content of luteolin in the medicinal and edible medicinal king tea compound granule is 0.32mg/g. Luteolin is the main active ingredient of flos Chrysanthemi, and has effects of protecting cardiovascular system and central nervous system.
3.3.8 Quercetin
The determination shows that the content of quercetin in the medicinal and edible medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granule is 2.05mg/g. Quercetin has certain antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects.
3.3.9 Quercetin
The determination shows that the content of quercetin in the medicinal and edible medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granule is 1.56mg/g. Quercetin has multiple biological activities such as antioxidant, antiviral and antiinflammatory effects, and has certain positive effects on liver diseases, nervous system diseases, etc.
3.3.10 Gallic acid
The determination shows that the gallic acid content in the medicinal and edible medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granule is 1.98mg/g. Gallic acid has various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-mutation and anti-oxidation; in addition, the gallic acid has a certain protection effect on the liver and can resist the liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride.
3.3.11 Heavy metals
The determination shows that the lead content in the medicinal and edible medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granule is 6.1 mug/kg, and other heavy metals are not detected. The limit of lead in the national standard is 1.0mg/kg. It can be seen that the heavy metal content of the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal king tea compound granule meets the national standard requirement, namely the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal king tea compound granule has better safety in terms of heavy metal.
3.3.12 Impact performance analysis
The infiltration sinking test analysis shows that the time of all infiltration sinking of the medicinal and edible medicinal king tea compound granule under the static condition is 117.00s and the time of all infiltration sinking under the stirring condition is 18.17s. The quick-solubility test analysis shows that the medicinal and edible medicinal king tea compound granule does not have lumps or particles after being mixed, and the cup bottom has no obvious sediment. The experimental result of infiltration sinking and instant solubility shows that the compound medicinal granule of the medicinal and edible medicinal king tea has better brewing performance.
In conclusion, the medicinal and edible homologous medicine king tea compound granule contains trace elements zinc and selenium, ascorbic acid, protein, flavonoid compounds, chrysophanol, luteolin, betaine and other nutrients and active substances, and a plurality of components play an important role in maintaining eyeball tissue health and relieving visual fatigue. The heavy metal content in the medicinal and edible medicinal herb king tea compound granule meets the national standard requirement, which indicates that the medicinal and edible medicinal herb king tea compound granule has better safety. The infiltration sinking property and instant solubility test shows that the compound medicinal granule of the medicinal and edible medicinal king tea has better brewing performance. The medicinal and edible medicinal tea compound granule is easier to store and carry than liquid beverage.
4. Evaluation of visual fatigue relieving function of medicinal and edible medicinal king tea compound granule
4.1 Experimental materials and instrumentation
The experimental instrument is an eye chart and a three-dimensional block diagram in the shape of Chinese character 'pin'. The rest experimental materials and instruments are the same as the above.
4.2 Experimental methods
4.2.1 Antioxidant Activity test method
ABTS, DPPH, OH experiments are described above.
4.2.2 Evaluation method for visual fatigue relieving function
The visual fatigue relieving effect of the medicinal and edible medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granule is evaluated by referring to the methods listed in the national food and medicinal administration (current national market administration) of the 9 health function evaluation methods such as the printed antioxidant function evaluation method. The experiments were divided into 2 major groups: medicine and food homologous medicine king tea compound electuary test group (short test group) and control group (medicine and food homologous medicine king tea compound electuary group is not taken). Each large group was divided into several subgroups according to experimental design. The method of combining questionnaire and ophthalmic test is adopted to test the efficacy of the medicine and food homologous medicine king tea compound granule in relieving visual fatigue.
4.3 Experimental results and analysis
4.3.1 Antioxidant Activity
As can be seen from figures 1-3, along with the increase of the concentration of the extracts of the medicine king tea, the cassia seed, the medlar and the chrysanthemum, the clearance rate of the extracts to ABTS, DPPH and OH free radicals is gradually increased, which indicates that the 4 medicine and food homologous raw materials have certain antioxidant activity. The medicinal and edible raw material composite extract prepared by mixing medicinal and edible raw material tea, cassia seed, medlar and chrysanthemum according to the optimal ratio (medicinal and edible raw material tea: cassia seed: chrysanthemum: medlar=2:4:3:3) which is preferable has better antioxidant activity (table 6). EC 25 and EC 50 of the medicinal and edible raw material composite extract on DPPH free radical clearance rate are lower than that of semen cassiae alone and lower than that of chrysanthemum and medlar alone; EC 25 and EC 50 for ABTS radical clearance were lower than for wolfberry and cassia seed alone; EC 25 and EC 50 of the radical scavenging rate of OH were lower than that of individual cassia seeds (table 2 and table 6), suggesting that after 4 medicinal and edible raw materials are mixed according to a certain mass ratio (medicinal king tea: cassia seed: chrysanthemum: medlar=2:4:3:3) to prepare a composite extract, the antioxidant activity of the composite extract is obviously improved, and a certain synergistic effect is shown (table 6).
From Table 6, the EC 25 and EC 50 of the clearance rate of the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and king tea compound granule to ABTS, DPPH and OH free radicals are lower than those of the medicinal and edible homologous raw material compound extract, which shows that the antioxidant activity of the medicinal and edible homologous raw material compound extract, ascorbic acid, selenized carrageenan and the like are further improved after the medicinal and edible homologous raw material compound extract, the ascorbic acid, the selenized carrageenan and the like are prepared into the compound granule according to a certain mass ratio. It can also be seen from table 6 that the compound medicinal granule of medicinal and edible medicinal king tea has lower EC 25 and EC 50 on the clearance rate of DPPH free radicals than the medicinal king tea, chrysanthemum, medlar and cassia seed alone, lower EC 25 and EC 50 on the clearance rate of ABTS free radicals than the chrysanthemum, medlar and cassia seed alone, and lower EC 25 and EC 50 on the clearance rate of OH free radicals than the chrysanthemum, medlar and cassia seed alone, which indicates that the compound medicinal granule prepared by taking the medicinal king tea, chrysanthemum, medlar and cassia seed as raw materials has stronger antioxidant activity.
TABLE 6 results of antioxidant Activity analysis
a In the fitting equation, x and y represent mass concentration and radical scavenging rate, respectively.
The antioxidant activity of the medicinal and edible medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granule can be related to the richer flavonoid compounds (see the above), ascorbic acid and the like. The occurrence and development mechanisms of visual fatigue are very complex, and many researches indicate that there is a very close correlation between visual fatigue and oxidative stress. The eye tissue metabolism is easily increased after long-term fixation study or work, more metabolic wastes such as free radicals are generated, and a serious oxidative stress state is caused, so that the eye tissue is injured, and visual fatigue is initiated or aggravated. The medicinal and edible medicinal herb king tea compound granule has better free radical scavenging activity and positive effect on relieving visual fatigue.
4.2.2 Symptomatic improvement effectiveness
The test shows that the effective rate of improving visual fatigue of the test group is 100%, and the effective rate of improving the control group is 0, so that the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and medicinal king tea compound medicinal granules have certain effect of improving visual fatigue symptoms.
4.2.3 Mean integral of symptoms
As can be seen from table 7, the integral of the visual fatigue symptom is obviously reduced after the panelists of the test group take the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granules; the symptom score of the majority of panelists in the control group is not obviously reduced, and the symptom score of the majority of panelists in the control group is respectively increased. Comparing the test groups per se, it is known that there is a significant difference in symptom score before and after investigation (P < 0.05); comparing the control group itself, the difference in symptom score before and after investigation was not significant (P > 0.05).
TABLE 7 mean integral analysis of visual fatigue symptoms
4.2.4 Photopic persistence
As shown in Table 8, the average value of the photopic vision persistence before test feeding of the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and king tea compound granule is 42.42%, and the increase of the photopic vision persistence after test feeding is 72.39% and exceeds 10%. Statistical analysis found that there was a significant difference in photopic persistence before and after ingestion (P < 0.05).
TABLE 8 photopic persistence analysis
| Grouping | Before ingestion of the test food, the duration of photopic vision (%) | After ingestion, photopic persistence (%) |
| 1 | 59.48 | 80.56 |
| 2 | 52.56 | 82.78 |
| 3 | 53.78 | 75.56 |
| 4 | 48.07 | 78.89 |
| 5 | 44.11 | 80.00 |
| 6 | 42.52 | 65.00 |
| 7 | 38.11 | 66.11 |
| 8 | 31.89 | 66.67 |
| 9 | 27.04 | 63.89 |
| 10 | 26.67 | 64.44 |
| Average value of | 42.42 | 72.39 |
In conclusion, the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granule has stronger antioxidant activity, can reduce the average integral of visual fatigue symptoms, improve the effective rate of symptom improvement and the persistence of photopic vision, and shows that the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and king tea compound granule has better visual fatigue relieving function.
Claims (6)
1. The medicinal and edible medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granule for relieving visual fatigue is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 8000-12000 parts of medicine and food homologous raw material composite extract, 7000-9000 parts of stevioside, 500-1500 parts of zinc gluconate, 3-5 parts of carrageenan selenide, 21000-25000 parts of ascorbic acid and 6-10 parts of vitamin A;
The medicinal and edible raw material composite extract is prepared by mixing and extracting medicinal and edible raw materials of medicinal and edible tea, cassia seed, chrysanthemum and medlar according to a mass ratio of 2:4:3:3;
the extraction method of the medicinal and edible raw material composite extract comprises the following steps of:
Cleaning semen cassiae and medlar, drying the herb king tea and the chrysanthemum tea, mixing 4 medicinal materials according to the mass ratio, and crushing to obtain mixed powder with the granularity of 40-60 meshes;
immersing the mixed powder in hot water with the solid-to-liquid ratio of 60g/L for 8+/-3 min at 50+/-3 ℃, boiling the hot water, extracting for 0.5h in a boiling state, centrifuging at 5000rpm for 8+/-3 min after the extraction is finished, discarding the precipitate, and collecting the supernatant to obtain an extract;
Concentrating the extract to 1/3-1/4 of the original volume to obtain concentrated solution, and freeze-drying the concentrated solution at-50+ -3deg.C under vacuum degree of 20+ -3 Pa to obtain water extract of medicinal tea, semen Cassiae, fructus Lycii and flos Chrysanthemi, i.e. medicinal and edible raw material composite extract.
2. The medicinal and edible homologous herb king tea compound granule for relieving visual fatigue according to claim 1 is characterized by being prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 10000 parts of medicinal and edible raw material composite extract, 9000 parts of stevioside, 1500 parts of zinc gluconate, 4 parts of selenized carrageenan, 23000 parts of ascorbic acid and 8 parts of vitamin A;
The medicinal and edible raw material composite extract is prepared by mixing and extracting medicinal and edible raw materials of medicinal and edible tea, cassia seed, chrysanthemum and medlar according to a mass ratio of 2:4:3:3.
3. A preparation method of medicinal and edible medicinal and medicinal king tea compound granules for relieving visual fatigue is characterized by comprising the following steps of: according to the parts by weight, 8000-12000 parts of medicine and food homologous raw material composite extract, 7000-9000 parts of stevioside, 500-1500 parts of zinc gluconate, 3-5 parts of seleno-carrageenan, 21000-25000 parts of ascorbic acid and 6-10 parts of vitamin A are respectively weighed and uniformly mixed to obtain medicine and food homologous compound medicinal granules for relieving visual fatigue;
The medicinal and edible raw material composite extract is prepared by mixing and extracting medicinal and edible raw materials of medicinal and edible tea, cassia seed, chrysanthemum and medlar according to a mass ratio of 2:4:3:3;
the extraction method of the medicinal and edible raw material composite extract comprises the following steps of:
cleaning and drying raw materials of semen cassiae and medlar, drying raw materials of king tea and chrysanthemum tea, mixing 4 medicinal materials according to the mass ratio, and crushing to obtain mixed powder with the granularity of 40-60 meshes;
immersing the mixed powder in hot water with the solid-to-liquid ratio of 60g/L for 8+/-3 min at 50+/-3 ℃, boiling the hot water, extracting for 0.5h in a boiling state, centrifuging at 5000rpm for 8+/-3 min after the extraction is finished, discarding the precipitate, and collecting the supernatant to obtain an extract;
Concentrating the extract to 1/3-1/4 of the original volume to obtain concentrated solution, and freeze-drying the concentrated solution at-50+ -3deg.C under vacuum degree of 20+ -3 Pa to obtain water extract of medicinal tea, semen Cassiae, fructus Lycii and flos Chrysanthemi, i.e. medicinal and edible raw material composite extract.
4. The preparation method of the medicinal and edible homologous herb king tea compound granule for relieving visual fatigue according to claim 3, wherein the quality control method of the crude herb king tea is as follows:
1) Firstly, observing the appearance of the medicinal king tea by adopting a naked eye observation method, wherein the surface of a leaf of the medicinal king tea is required to be green to dark green, and if the leaf is of other colors, the medicinal king tea is determined to be unsatisfactory; the leaves are required to be free from mildew, and if mildew spots exist, the leaves are determined to be unsatisfactory;
2) And then, measuring the content of quercetin, gallic acid and quercetin in the medicinal king tea by adopting a high performance liquid chromatography, wherein the content of the quercetin is not lower than 0.210%, the content of the gallic acid is not lower than 0.205% and the content of the quercetin is not lower than 0.120%, otherwise, the medicinal king tea is not qualified.
5. The quality control method of the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and edible king tea compound granule for relieving visual fatigue according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that spectrophotometry is adopted to determine the content of total flavonoids in the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and king tea compound granule, and the content of the total flavonoids is required to be not lower than 25%, otherwise, the content is determined to be unsatisfactory.
6. The quality control method of the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and edible king tea compound granule for relieving visual fatigue according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the content of quercetin, gallic acid, quercetin, chrysophanol, betaine and luteolin in the medicinal and edible homologous medicinal and edible king tea compound granule is determined by adopting a high performance liquid chromatography method, and the requirements are that: the content of quercetin is not lower than 1.86mg/g, the content of gallic acid is not lower than 1.75mg/g, the content of quercetin is not lower than 1.08mg/g, the content of chrysophanol is not lower than 4.50 mug/g, the content of betaine is not lower than 6.50mg/g and the content of luteolin is not lower than 0.30mg/g, otherwise, the method is considered to be unsatisfactory.
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