CN113197020A - Ecological environment-friendly lawn guniting film-covering planting method - Google Patents
Ecological environment-friendly lawn guniting film-covering planting method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G20/10—Pre-cultivated sod or turf; Apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a spraying and film-covering planting method for an ecological environment-friendly lawn, which comprises the following steps: the grass seeds are subjected to germination accelerating, proportioning materials are processed, the field is leveled, the spraying planting and field management are carried out, the mixed sowing technology is adopted, the selected grass seeds comprise protection grass seeds and group-building grass seeds, the proportioning materials comprise adhesives and soil conditioners, the adhesives are hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, the soil conditioners are wormcast, gunite formed by the proportioning materials can be attached to the ground, the weed growth is inhibited, the germination rate of the grass seeds is improved, the grass seeds can adapt to various terrains, and the planting cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a spraying and film-covering planting method for an ecological and environment-friendly lawn.
Background
Urban lawns are a very important part of urban ecology and also make a very important contribution to environmental protection. The urban lawn comprises stems, leaves, root systems and surface soil layer parts for planting lawn grass, plays an important role in beautifying urban environment, preserving water and fixing soil, purifying atmosphere and providing outdoor activities for residents, and is also increasingly becoming a mark of civilized progress of modern cities. Although the large-area lawn cannot be compared with a multilayer arbor and shrub community in the aspect of ecological effect, the whole greening effect and the application under certain special ground and terrain conditions can not be replaced.
At present, most of lawn planting still adopts the mode of harvesting and transplanting the turf blocks after sowing and propagation or the mode of directly sowing and planting. However, the two planting modes have high requirements on the terrain and soil quality of the planting field, frequent irrigation is needed, the germination rate is greatly influenced by external climatic conditions, and great economic challenges are brought to the operation and maintenance cost of the green grassland. Therefore, an economical and feasible planting mode is selected, the effect requirement of lawn planting can be met, and the significance of reducing planting and maintenance cost is great.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a spraying and film-covering planting method for an ecological and environment-friendly lawn, which is used for solving the problem that two planting modes in the prior art have high operation and maintenance costs.
On one hand, the embodiment of the invention provides an ecological environment-friendly lawn guniting film-covering planting method, which comprises the following steps:
accelerating germination of grass seeds: soaking grass seeds, draining, and putting the grass seeds in a shade place for germination; the method for selecting the grass seeds comprises the following steps: selecting at least two grass seeds according to the type of the main grass seeds of the pre-planting field, and mixing the at least two grass seeds according to the proportion, wherein the at least two grass seeds comprise protection grass seeds and colonization grass seeds;
processing a mixture: stirring the organic matter covering material, grass seeds, fertilizer, lawn grass fungicide and water in proportion, adding the adhesive and the soil conditioner, and uniformly stirring to obtain gunite; wherein the adhesive is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and the soil conditioner is wormcast;
leveling the field: spraying bottom water on the pre-planting field;
spraying and planting: spraying the gunite in a pre-planting field;
site management: and covering non-woven fabrics in the pre-planting field.
In one possible implementation mode, the method comprises the following steps of soaking grass seeds, draining water, and putting the grass seeds in a shade for germination acceleration, wherein the method comprises the following steps: soaking the grass seeds in water for 24 hours, draining the water, putting the grass seeds in a shade place for germination acceleration, turning the grass seeds for 1 time every 5 hours in the germination acceleration process, and treating the grass seeds for 3-4 days.
In one possible implementation, the grass seeds are composed of 20% annual ryegrass and 80% tall fescue, and the amount of the grass seeds is 12-15g/m2。
In one possible implementation, the organic covering material is obtained by crushing winter wheat straw and sieving the crushed straw with a sieve of 3mm, and the amount of the organic covering material is 2-3% of the weight of water.
In one possible implementation mode, the fertilizer consists of a quick-acting fertilizer and a slow-release fertilizer, and the quick-acting fertilizer consists of ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate, wherein the application rates of the ammonium sulfate, the calcium superphosphate and the potassium sulfate are respectively as follows: 22g/m2、500g/m2And 480g/m2The slow-release fertilizer is Jinzheng slow-release fertilizer, quick-acting fertilizer and slow-release fertilizerThe proportion of the fertilizer is 1: 3.
In one possible implementation, the turfgrass agent is VA mycorrhiza, and the VA mycorrhiza and water are proportioned according to a ratio of 1: 400.
In one possible implementation, the amount of binder is 0.1% to 0.15% of water.
In one possible implementation, the amount of soil amendment is 0.075% of water.
In one possible implementation mode, the organic covering material, grass seeds, fertilizer, lawn grass inoculum and water are stirred in proportion, the adhesive and the soil conditioner are added, and the mixture is stirred uniformly again to obtain gunite, which comprises the following steps: mixing organic covering material, grass seeds, fertilizer and lawn grass inoculum, adding water to 2/3, and stirring; adding the adhesive and the soil conditioner while stirring, and stirring for 10min to form uniform gunite.
In one possible implementation, the nonwoven is a nonwoven that disintegrates over a lifetime of 20 days, 60 days.
The ecological environment-friendly lawn guniting film-covering planting method has the following advantages:
1. the planting cost is low. By adopting the planting method, the planting cost per square meter is only 3.0 yuan.
2. Fast germination, early lawn formation and high quality of grass. The mixed sowing method of 20 percent annual ryegrass and 80 percent tall fescue is selected, the former germinates fast to form early lawn, and the latter is the colonization grass seed. The lawn growth nutrients are applied together with the grass seeds, so that the germination of the grass seeds and the quick growth of the seedling stage can be effectively promoted, and the lawn forming time is shortened by 3-5 days. Because the nutrients are sufficient, the undesirable growth symptoms such as seedling tip yellowing caused by nutrient deficiency do not exist, and the lawn grass has higher quality.
3. Less weeds and less rework. The hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose adhesive is added in the guniting and film covering technology, a transient water film can be formed between guniting and the ground, the water film can effectively inhibit the growth of weeds on the ground, and when the root system growth of turfgrass breaks through the growth of the water film and is stuck into the ground, the growth advantage is realized, so that the growth of weeds is effectively inhibited. By applying the non-woven fabric and the adhesive, the evaporation and the loss of soil moisture can be effectively reduced, the germination rate is improved, the phenomenon of replanting due to seedling emergence is reduced, and secondary rework is reduced.
4. The growth environment is good. Wormcast is added in the slurry spraying process, is a loose and porous granular structure, and can be effectively improved after being applied into soil, so that the soil permeability and porosity are increased, and the water and fertilizer retention performance of the soil is improved.
5. Wide selection and strong adaptability. The spraying technology has strong adaptability, can be used for planting on gentle slopes and flat lands and can also grow on steep slopes, and the adhesive and wormcast are mixed to form slurry, so that the adhesive force is strong, nutrients required by lawn growth can be effectively guaranteed, the slope surface can be reduced from being subjected to rain erosion, and the water and soil loss is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for planting an ecological and environment-friendly lawn by spraying and laminating films according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of an ecological environment-friendly lawn spraying film-covering planting method provided by the embodiment of the invention. The embodiment of the invention provides an ecological environment-friendly lawn guniting film-covering planting method, which comprises the following steps:
s100, germination acceleration of grass seeds: soaking grass seeds, draining, and putting the grass seeds in a shade place for germination; the method for selecting the grass seeds comprises the following steps: selecting at least two grass seeds according to the type of the main grass seeds of the pre-planting field, and mixing the at least two grass seeds according to the proportion, wherein the at least two grass seeds comprise protection grass seeds and colonization grass seeds;
s101, processing of mixture: stirring the organic matter covering material, grass seeds, fertilizer, lawn grass fungicide and water in proportion, adding the adhesive and the soil conditioner, and uniformly stirring to obtain gunite; wherein the adhesive is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and the soil conditioner is wormcast;
s102, leveling the field: spraying bottom water on the pre-planting field;
s103, spraying and planting: spraying the gunite in a pre-planting field;
s104, site management: and covering non-woven fabrics in the pre-planting field.
Illustratively, the grass protection seeds in S100, or pioneer grass seeds, have the characteristics of fast germination and early lawn formation. By adopting the mixed sowing mode containing the protection grass seeds and the colonized grass seeds, the mixed sowing lawn has wider genetic background, can adapt to environment conditions with larger difference, can form the lawn more quickly, and can prolong the service life of the lawn and increase the green period. The lawn growth nutrients and the grass seeds are sprayed together, so that the germination of the grass seeds and the rapid growth of the seedling stage can be effectively promoted, and the lawn forming time is shortened by 3-5 days. Meanwhile, due to the fact that nutrients are sufficient, adverse growth symptoms such as seedling tip yellowing caused by nutrient deficiency do not exist, and the quality of the lawn grass is high.
In the embodiment of the invention, the adhesive used in S101 is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, a temporary water film can be formed between the gunite containing the adhesive and the ground, the water film can effectively inhibit the growth of weeds on the ground, and the growth of the weeds is effectively inhibited due to the growth advantages when the root system of the lawn grass breaks through the growth of the water film and penetrates into the ground. By applying the non-woven fabric and the adhesive, the evaporation and the loss of soil moisture can be effectively reduced, the germination rate is improved, the phenomenon of replanting due to seedling emergence is reduced, and secondary rework is reduced. S101, wormcast is used as a soil conditioner, is of a loose and porous granular structure, and can be effectively improved after being applied into soil, so that the air permeability and porosity of the soil are increased, and the water and fertilizer retention performance of the soil is improved. Because the adhesive and the soil conditioner are contained, the adhesive force of the guniting is strong, the guniting can be used for planting on gentle slopes and flat lands and growing on steep slopes, nutrients required by growth of the lawn are effectively guaranteed, meanwhile, the slope surface can be reduced from being washed by rainwater, and water and soil loss is reduced.
The wormcast is mainly wormcast obtained by decomposing cow dung with Japanese 'Daping II' earthworm. Because the pre-planting field is secondary earth covering, the soil structure is poor, the nutrient content is low, the sand content is high, the particles are coarse, the water seepage speed is high, and the water and fertilizer retention performance is poor, so the wormcast can effectively improve the granular structure, increase the porosity, the air permeability, the water drainage and the water retention, and is rich in probiotics, the soil nutrient is effectively activated, and the nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency of the lawn grass is improved.
The adhesive special for spraying and seeding the lawn at home and abroad at present has two formulations: powdered adhesives and emulsion adhesives. The powdery adhesive is suitable for flat ground or gentle slope, the emulsion adhesive is mainly suitable for steep slope, and the emulsion adhesive has the main function of uniformly dispersing added ingredients such as grass seeds, organic matter covering materials and the like in gunite by virtue of the self-adhesiveness, so as to achieve the effect of uniform spraying, and the gunite has good adhesive force, so that the grass seeds and the covering materials are retained on the slope surface and are not lost. Since the pre-planting field is mainly flat, a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose powder adhesive is used. The emulsion-like adhesive can also be used when the pre-planting field is a steep slope.
When the field is leveled in S102, bottom water is sprayed on the pre-planting field, so that the ingredients can be saved, and the soil moisture content can be ensured.
In a possible embodiment, S100, soaking grass seeds, draining, and putting in the shade for germination, comprises:
soaking the grass seeds in water for 24 hours, draining the water, putting the grass seeds in a shade place for germination acceleration, turning the grass seeds for 1 time every 5 hours in the germination acceleration process, and treating the grass seeds for 3-4 days.
Illustratively, turning over the grass seeds at intervals can avoid the grass seeds from heating or excessive moisture evaporation from the upper grass seeds. By adopting the germination accelerating method, emergence of seedlings can be advanced for 3-5 days, the emergence rate of seeds can be improved, and management expenses such as watering for 3-5 days can be saved.
In one possible embodiment, the grass seeds are composed of 20% annual ryegrass and 80% tall fescue, and the amount of grass seeds is 12-15g/m2。
Illustratively, because the pre-planting field is located in northern Shaanxi area, the selected grass seeds are local main grass seeds, wherein annual ryegrass is used as a protective grass seed, festuca arundinacea is used as a colonization grass seed, and the two grass seeds are respectively used as follows: annual ryegrass 2.4-3g/m29.6-12g/m of tall fescue2. The amount of the water matched with the grass seeds is 1.8kg/m after the grass seeds are used2。
In one possible embodiment, the organic cover material is obtained by crushing winter wheat straw and sieving the crushed straw with a 3mm sieve, and the amount of the organic cover material is 2-3% of the weight of water.
Illustratively, the covering material functions as a carrier during spray-seeding; secondly, the fertilizer is sprayed on the ground to be used as a covering material, so as to play a role in preserving soil moisture and water for the germination of seeds; thirdly, the straw seeds and the surface soil can be prevented from being lost; and fourthly, providing sufficient carbon source for the growth and the propagation of the microorganisms. According to the economic principle, the crop, namely the winter wheat straw, mainly carried by the pre-planting field is selected as the organic matter covering material.
In one possible embodiment, the fertilizer consists of a quick-acting fertilizer and a slow-release fertilizer, and the quick-acting fertilizer consists of ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate, wherein the application rates of the ammonium sulfate, the calcium superphosphate and the potassium sulfate are respectively as follows: 22g/m2、500g/m2And 480g/m2The slow controlled release fertilizer is Jinzheng slow controlled release fertilizer, and the ratio of the quick-acting fertilizer to the slow controlled release fertilizer is 1: 3.
Illustratively, the growth and development of lawns are affected by soil nutrients, and among the soil factors that affect lawn quality, mineral nutrient elements play a critical role. For example, nitrogen can promote the growth and tillering of lawn grass and increase the density of the lawn; the phosphorus can promote the growth of the root system of the lawn grass, increase the branches of the root system, promote the tillering of the lawn grass and improve the chlorophyll content after forming the lawn; potassium plays an important role in the cold resistance, drought resistance, disease resistance and other resistance aspects of lawn grass. According to the law of lawn grass fertilizer requirement, soil nutrients adopt a mode of combining quick-acting fertilizer and slow-controlled fertilizer. According to the analysis of the lawn grass suitable nutrient concentration and nutrient deficiency symptoms, the proportion of a large number of nutrient elements of the lawn grass is as follows: p: k is 7:1: 4. Ammonium sulfate with nitrogen content of 21.4% is used as nitrogen source, calcium superphosphate with phosphorus content of 12.5% is used as phosphorus source, and potassium sulfate with potassium content of 50% is used as potassium source.
In one possible embodiment, the turfgrass agent is VA mycorrhiza, and the VA mycorrhiza and the water are proportioned according to the proportion of 1: 400.
Illustratively, VA mycorrhiza (i.e., vesicle-arbuscular mycorrhiza, also called arbuscular mycorrhiza) is a symbiont formed by a plant root system and fungi, and is a symbiotic system formed by part of the fungi in the family of ascomycetaceae and the plant root. Endophytic mycorrhiza (VA mycorrhiza) is characterized in that fungal mycelium mainly exists among cells and in cells of cortex layers of roots, and symbiotic plants still retain root hairs. Most crops, woody plants and wild herbs have endogenous mycorrhiza. Under the condition of low phosphorus, VA mycorrhiza can promote plant growth, the mechanism is that hypha expands nutrient absorption space of root system, and promotes plant to absorb mineral substance nutrient, especially phosphorus, and VA mycorrhiza promotes phosphorus absorption because mycorrhiza fungi activate insoluble inorganic phosphate and organic phosphorus in soil and interact with phosphorus-dissolving bacteria; the nutrient transfer function of the mycelium bridge also contributes to a certain extent. In addition, the VA mycorrhiza also has the functions of increasing the range of root circles, promoting the water absorption of the root system of the lawn grass, improving the drought resistance of the lawn grass, improving the nutritional conditions, effectively expanding the absorption range of the root system, improving the fertilizer tendency of the root system of the crop and further improving the absorption and utilization efficiency of soil nutrients. In addition, the growth of azotobacter and phosphorus bacteria of rhizosphere microorganisms can be promoted, and the growth promoting effect on nodulation of symbiotic azotobacter is achieved.
In one possible embodiment, the binder and the soil conditioner are used in an amount of 0.1% to 0.15% and 0.075% of water, respectively.
In one possible embodiment, S101, stirring the organic covering material, grass seeds, fertilizer, lawn grass inoculum and water in proportion, adding the adhesive and the soil conditioner, and uniformly stirring again to obtain a gunite, including: mixing organic covering material, grass seeds, fertilizer and lawn grass inoculum, adding water to 2/3, and stirring; adding the adhesive and the soil conditioner while stirring, and stirring for 10min to form uniform gunite.
Illustratively, in the processing process of the formula, the adhesive and the soil conditioner are not added firstly, and then water is added.
In one possible embodiment, the nonwoven is a nonwoven that disintegrates over a 20 day, 60 day life.
Illustratively, the non-woven fabric has the advantages of retaining water and moisture, improving the germination rate of lawn grass, effectively reducing watering times, not needing cleaning and natural degradation, and the like.
Evaluation of experiments
The conventional lawn planting mode is selected as a reference, (1) the color of the lawn is graded by adopting an eye measurement method, and the color is divided into 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 according to dark green, light green and yellow green. (2) The lawn texture is measured directly by a ruler at the widest part of the blade. (3) The lawn height is measured by a direct measuring method, a ruler is perpendicular to the lawn ground, the zero scale line of the ruler is overlapped with the soil surface, and the lawn height is measured. (4) Lawn density is expressed in terms of the number of above-ground green leaves per unit area.
The experimental methods and data obtained are as follows:
control group
The control group adopts a conventional lawn planting mode, and the planting method comprises the following steps:
accelerating germination of grass seeds: soaking annual rye grass seeds in water for 24h, draining, and placing in shade for germination for 3-4 d.
Seed dressing: the winter wheat straw, grass seeds, fertilizer, lawn grass fungicide and water are uniformly stirred. Wherein the amount of the winter wheat straw is 36g/m2The dosage of grass seeds is 12g/m2The application amounts of the ammonium sulfate, the calcium superphosphate and the potassium sulfate in the fertilizer are respectively as follows: 22g/m2、500g/m2And 480g/m2The slow controlled release fertilizer is large Jinzheng slow controlled release fertilizer, and the dosage is 3000g/m2The lawn grass bacteria agent is VA mycorrhiza with the dosage of 4.5g/m2Of waterThe dosage is 1800g/m2。
Leveling the field: and spraying bottom water on the planting field.
Spraying and planting: and spraying the uniformly stirred materials in a planting field.
Site management: and covering the planting field with non-woven fabrics.
Experimental group 1
The planting method comprises the following steps:
accelerating germination of grass seeds: soaking mixed seeds of annual rye grass seeds and tall fescue grass seeds in water for 24h, draining, and putting in shade for germination acceleration for 3-4 d. Wherein the dosage of annual ryegrass is 2.4g/m2The dosage of the tall fescue is 9.6g/m2。
Seed dressing: the winter wheat straw, the grass seeds, the fertilizer, the lawn grass fungicide and the water are uniformly stirred, and then the adhesive and the soil conditioner are added and uniformly stirred again. Wherein the amount of the winter wheat straw is 36g/m2The application amounts of the ammonium sulfate, the calcium superphosphate and the potassium sulfate in the fertilizer are respectively as follows: 22g/m2、500g/m2And 480g/m2The slow controlled release fertilizer is large Jinzheng slow controlled release fertilizer, and the dosage is 3000g/m2The lawn grass bacteria agent is VA mycorrhiza with the dosage of 4.5g/m2The amount of water used is 1800g/m2The adhesive is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with the dosage of 1.8g/m2The soil conditioner is wormcast with the dosage of 1.35g/m2。
Leveling the field: and spraying bottom water on the planting field.
Spraying and planting: and spraying the uniformly stirred materials in a planting field.
Site management: and covering the planting field with non-woven fabrics.
Experimental group 2
The planting method comprises the following steps:
accelerating germination of grass seeds: soaking mixed seeds of annual rye grass seeds and tall fescue grass seeds in water for 24h, draining, and putting in shade for germination acceleration for 3-4 d. Wherein the dosage of annual ryegrass is 3g/m2The dosage of the tall fescue is 12g/m2。
Seed dressing: stirring winter wheat straw, grass seeds, fertilizer, lawn grass fungicide and water uniformlyThen adding the adhesive and the soil conditioner and stirring uniformly again. Wherein the amount of the winter wheat straw is 54g/m2The application amounts of the ammonium sulfate, the calcium superphosphate and the potassium sulfate in the fertilizer are respectively as follows: 22g/m2、500g/m2And 480g/m2The slow controlled release fertilizer is large Jinzheng slow controlled release fertilizer, and the dosage is 3000g/m2The lawn grass bacteria agent is VA mycorrhiza with the dosage of 4.5g/m2The amount of water used is 1800g/m2The adhesive is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with the dosage of 2.7g/m2The soil conditioner is wormcast with the dosage of 1.35g/m2。
Leveling the field: and spraying bottom water on the planting field.
Spraying and planting: and spraying the uniformly stirred materials in a planting field.
Site management: and covering the planting field with non-woven fabrics.
Experimental group 3
The planting method comprises the following steps:
accelerating germination of grass seeds: soaking mixed seeds of annual rye grass seeds and tall fescue grass seeds in water for 24h, draining, and putting in shade for germination acceleration for 3-4 d. Wherein the dosage of annual ryegrass is 2.7g/m2The dosage of the tall fescue is 10.8g/m2。
Seed dressing: the winter wheat straw, the grass seeds, the fertilizer, the lawn grass fungicide and the water are uniformly stirred, and then the adhesive and the soil conditioner are added and uniformly stirred again. Wherein the amount of the winter wheat straw is 45g/m2The application amounts of the ammonium sulfate, the calcium superphosphate and the potassium sulfate in the fertilizer are respectively as follows: 22g/m2、500g/m2And 480g/m2The slow controlled release fertilizer is large Jinzheng slow controlled release fertilizer, and the dosage is 3000g/m2The lawn grass bacteria agent is VA mycorrhiza with the dosage of 4.5g/m2The amount of water used is 1800g/m2The adhesive is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with the dosage of 2.25g/m2The soil conditioner is wormcast with the dosage of 1.35g/m2。
Leveling the field: and spraying bottom water on the planting field.
Spraying and planting: and spraying the uniformly stirred materials in a planting field.
Site management: and covering the planting field with non-woven fabrics.
TABLE 1 comparison of experimental data of control group and experimental group
| Group of | Control group | Experimental group 1 | Experimental group 2 | Experimental group 3 |
| Color of lawn | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Lawn texture (mm) | 4 | 5 | 4 | 6 |
| Lawn height (mm) | 853 | 984 | 992 | 985 |
| Lawn density (x 1000/m)2) | 102.9 | 90.15 | 115.3 | 100.4 |
In the data, the 3 experimental groups are equal to or even better than the control group in the color and luster of the lawn, the texture of the lawn and the height of the lawn, but the control group uses annual ryegrass as grass seeds, the thousand-grain weight of the grass seeds is lower than that of tall fescue, and the tillering number is slightly stronger than that of tall fescue, so the experimental groups are not all better than the control group in the density of the lawn. From the above data, it can be seen that the planting pattern of the present invention is better in all of the color of the lawn, the texture of the lawn, the height of the lawn, and the density of the lawn than the conventional lawn planting pattern.
Economic and social benefits
1. Economic benefits
Ammonium sulfate 0.035 yuan/m2Calcium superphosphate 1.1 yuan/m2Potassium sulfate 0.77 yuan/m2Organic covering material 0.1 yuan/m2VA mycorrhiza 0.02 yuan/m20.02 yuan/m of wormcast20.02 yuan/m of adhesive20.78 yuan/m of nonwoven fabric2Ryegrass seeds 0.24 yuan/m2The total cost of spraying, film-covering and planting the lawn is 3.0 yuan/m2。
2. Social benefits
2.1 improving microclimate
The lawn grass absorbs heat to reduce the ground temperature by 3-5.5 ℃ when transpiring water in photosynthesis, the temperature of the lawn grass is increased by 4-6.5 ℃ compared with that of the bare ground because the ground is covered by the lawn in winter, and the air humidity of the lawn ground is 5% -18% higher than that of the bare ground.
2.2 regulating the oxygen and carbon dioxide dynamic equilibrium
The ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide is one of the important indicators for air quality. However, in industrial production, both human and animal breath release large amounts of carbon dioxide, affecting the ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide. In the natural state, the maintenance of the normal ratio of the two is mainly performed by the photosynthesis regulation of the green plants, because the content of carbon dioxide absorbed by the green plants during photosynthesis is generally 20 times higher than the content of carbon dioxide released during respiration. The lawn grass also has the function that the photosynthesis of the lawn grass with good growth per square meter can absorb 1.5g of carbon dioxide per hour, the carbon dioxide exhaled by a person per hour is 38g, and the lawn grass with the height of about 25 square meters can absorb the carbon dioxide exhaled by a person in the daytime, so that the dynamic balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air is maintained.
2.3, filtering dust and refreshing air
Research results show that the dust reduction amount of each thousand square meters in some industrial cities in China is about 500t, the height can reach about 1000t, the leaf area index of lawn plants is 22-28 times larger than the land area occupied by the lawn plants, a large number of leaves can retain and filter dust, and the reduction efficiency of the lawn plants is about 10 times higher than that of bare land. Football field lawns have been determined to have reduced amounts of airborne dust 1/3-5/6 near the ground compared to non-paved lawns, and are therefore also referred to as "lungs of the ground".
2.4, adjusting mental balance, and reducing pressure and relieving pressure.
The green lawn can alleviate sunlight radiation, regulate human retina, and regulate human optic nerve and cerebral cortex. After modern people work and study in a stressful way, anions in the air can promote metabolism of people, eliminate fatigue, relieve tension and restore mental balance, thereby improving immunity and enhancing resistance to diseases.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. The ecological environment-friendly lawn guniting film-covering planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
accelerating germination of grass seeds: soaking grass seeds, draining, and putting the grass seeds in a shade place for germination; the method for selecting the grass seeds comprises the following steps: selecting at least two grass seeds according to the type of the main grass seeds of the pre-planting field, and mixing the at least two grass seeds according to the proportion, wherein the at least two grass seeds comprise protection grass seeds and colonization grass seeds;
processing a mixture: stirring the organic matter covering material, grass seeds, fertilizer, lawn grass fungicide and water in proportion, adding the adhesive and the soil conditioner, and uniformly stirring to obtain gunite; wherein the adhesive is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and the soil conditioner is wormcast;
leveling the field: spraying bottom water on the pre-planting field;
spraying and planting: spraying the gunite in a pre-planting field;
site management: and covering non-woven fabrics in the pre-planting field.
2. The ecological and environment-friendly lawn guniting and mulching planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of soaking grass seeds, draining, and putting in the shade for germination comprises the steps of:
soaking the grass seeds in water for 24 hours, draining the water, putting the grass seeds in a shade place for germination acceleration, turning the grass seeds for 1 time every 5 hours in the germination acceleration process, and treating the grass seeds for 3-4 days.
3. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the grass seeds comprise 20% annual ryegrass and 80% tall fescue, and the amount of the grass seeds is 12-15g/m2。
4. The ecological and environment-friendly lawn guniting and film-covering planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic matter covering material is obtained by crushing winter wheat straw and sieving the crushed winter wheat straw with a 3mm sieve, and the usage amount of the organic matter covering material is 2% -3% of the weight of water.
5. The ecological and environment-friendly lawn guniting and film-mulching planting method according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer consists of a quick-acting fertilizer and a slow-release fertilizer, the quick-acting fertilizer consists of ammonium sulfate, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate, wherein the application rates of the ammonium sulfate, the calcium superphosphate and the potassium sulfate are respectively as follows: 22g/m2、500g/m2And 480g/m2The slow-release fertilizer is Jinzheng slow-release fertilizer, and the ratio of the quick-acting fertilizer to the slow-release fertilizer is 1: 3.
6. The ecological and environment-friendly lawn spraying and film mulching planting method according to claim 1, wherein the lawn grass fungicide is VA mycorrhiza, and the VA mycorrhiza and water are proportioned according to a ratio of 1: 400.
7. The ecological and environment-friendly lawn guniting and film-covering planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of the adhesive is 0.1% -0.15% of water.
8. The ecological and environment-friendly lawn spraying and film mulching planting method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the soil conditioner is 0.075% of water.
9. The ecological and environment-friendly lawn spraying and film-covering planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic covering material, grass seeds, fertilizer, lawn grass bacteria agent and water are proportionally stirred, adhesive and soil conditioner are added, and the mixture is uniformly stirred again to obtain the spraying slurry, which comprises the following steps:
mixing organic covering material, grass seeds, fertilizer and lawn grass inoculum, adding water to 2/3, and stirring;
adding the adhesive and the soil conditioner while stirring, and stirring for 10min to form uniform gunite.
10. The ecological and environment-friendly lawn spraying and film mulching planting method according to claim 1, wherein the non-woven fabric is a non-woven fabric which is decomposed in 60 days and has a service life of 20 days.
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