CN113182632B - Method for connecting C/C composite material by adopting high-entropy alloy brazing - Google Patents

Method for connecting C/C composite material by adopting high-entropy alloy brazing Download PDF

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CN113182632B
CN113182632B CN202110495370.7A CN202110495370A CN113182632B CN 113182632 B CN113182632 B CN 113182632B CN 202110495370 A CN202110495370 A CN 202110495370A CN 113182632 B CN113182632 B CN 113182632B
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brazing
entropy alloy
composite material
composite materials
temperature
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CN113182632A (en
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贺艳明
徐海涛
朱先帅
张成胤
杨建国
周正强
石磊
刘玉章
李华鑫
闾川阳
郑文建
马英鹤
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/0008Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/008Soldering within a furnace
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/19Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/20Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/20Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
    • B23K1/206Cleaning
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K3/00Tools, devices, or special appurtenances for soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering, not specially adapted for particular methods
    • B23K3/08Auxiliary devices therefor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for connecting C/C composite material by high-entropy alloy brazing, which comprises the steps of firstly carrying out surface treatment on the C/C composite material and carrying out AlCoCrFeNi on the high-entropy alloy x Cutting and polishing to the thickness of 70 mu m (plus or minus 10 mu m) to prepare a brazing filler metal foil; and (3) assembling the C/C composite material and the brazing filler metal foil, and placing the assembly in a vacuum brazing furnace for heating and activating treatment to complete the preparation. The high-entropy alloy brazing filler metal adopted by the method has excellent wettability on the C/C composite material, and the wetting is mainly realized through the action of Ni and a dissolution diffusion reaction. During welding, the residual stress between the base material and the joint passes through M 7 C 3 The increase of BCC phase and the formation of the composite structure layer are fully relieved, and the joint strength can reach up to 21.93MPa. In addition, high-entropy tissues in the welding seam are reserved, the stability of the high-temperature strength of the joint is ensured, and the method has an important research prospect.

Description

Method for connecting C/C composite material by adopting high-entropy alloy brazing
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of brazing, in particular to a method for connecting C/C composite materials by adopting high-entropy alloy brazing.
Background
The C/C composite material has excellent high-temperature stability and corrosion resistance, and is the only structural material which can be applied to the temperature of more than 2500 ℃. In addition, the C/C composite material has low density, large specific strength, high specific modulus, excellent heat transfer performance and wear resistance, and is widely applied to the industrial fields of aerospace and the like. Such as leading edges of wings, turbine engine components, aircraft nose and brake pads, and precision wear parts such as bearings, seal rings, etc. In order to meet the service requirements under different working conditions, the C/C composite materials are generally required to be connected with each other so as to obtain the C/C composite materials with different sizes and complex structures. At present, the brazing filler metal used for connecting the C/C composite material is mainly Ag-based, ni-based and Ti-based, and the wetting and reliable connection of the C/C composite material are realized by depending on active elements in the brazing filler metal. However, the currently used solder has the obvious characteristics of large linear expansion coefficient and insufficient high-temperature mechanical properties, and a method for connecting C/C by using a solder with small thermal expansion coefficient and excellent high-temperature properties is urgently needed to be developed. In AlCoCrFeNi 2.1 In the high-entropy alloy, ni and Cr elements have better wettability to a C-based material, and compared with the traditional brazing filler metal, the high-entropy alloy has smaller thermal expansion coefficient and high-temperature mechanical property, and the joint participation stress is effectively relieved and the high-temperature strength of the joint is improved by adopting the high-entropy alloy to connect the C/C composite material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for connecting C/C composite materials by adopting high-entropy alloy brazing, aiming at solving the problems that the existing brazing C/C composite materials are difficult to wet, large in residual stress and poor in high-temperature mechanical property of joints, and obtaining reliable welding joints of the C/C composite materials.
The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
the method for connecting the C/C composite material by adopting the high-entropy alloy brazing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Carrying out surface treatment on the C/C composite material to be brazed, namely, carrying out polishing, cleaning and drying treatment on the surface of the C/C composite material;
2) Stacking the C/C composite materials subjected to surface treatment in the step 1) in a graphite mold, and placing a high-entropy alloy brazing filler metal foil between the two C/C composite materials to form a welded assembly; placing a molybdenum block on each welding assembly for weighting to ensure that two C/C composite materials are in close contact with the high-entropy alloy brazing filler metal foil between the two C/C composite materials, and then transferring the C/C composite materials and the high-entropy alloy brazing filler metal foil into a vacuum brazing furnace;
3) Heating and activating the welding assembly in the vacuum brazing furnace obtained in the step 2), connecting the surfaces to be welded of the two C/C composite materials through a high-entropy alloy brazing foil, and then cooling to finally obtain the C/C composite material connected by high-entropy alloy brazing.
The method for connecting the C/C composite material by adopting the high-entropy alloy brazing is characterized in that in the step 1), the surface treatment process of the C/C composite material to be brazed is as follows: and (3) grinding the surface to be treated of the C/C composite material by using sand paper, then placing the C/C composite material on a polishing machine, polishing the C/C composite material by using a diamond suspension liquid with the particle size of 1 mu m until no mark exists, then placing the C/C composite material in acetone for ultrasonic cleaning, and finally drying the C/C composite material to finish surface treatment.
The method for connecting the C/C composite material by high-entropy alloy brazing is characterized in that in the step 2), the high-entropy alloy brazing filler metal foil is AlCoCrFeNix, and the atomic ratio of elements in the high-entropy alloy is Al: co: cr: fe: ni = 1.
The method for connecting the C/C composite material by adopting the high-entropy alloy brazing is characterized in that the high-entropy alloy brazing filler metal foil AlCoCrFeNi 2.1 The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: according to high entropy alloy AlCoCrFeNi 2.1 Mixing the metal raw material powder together according to the proportion to form a powder raw material;
s2: suspension smelting the powder raw material obtained in the step S1 to prepare a solder alloy cast ingot;
s3: cutting the brazing filler metal alloy cast ingot into sheets by utilizing linear cutting;
s4: manually polishing the thin sheet to obtain the high-entropy alloy brazing filler metal foil AlCoCrFeNi 2.1
The method for connecting the C/C composite material by adopting the high-entropy alloy brazing is characterized in that in the step S2, the powder raw material is melted into a brazing alloy ingot, and then the melting is repeated for 3 to 5 times to obtain the brazing alloy ingot with uniform components; in step S2, the melting temperature is 1300 to 1400 ℃, preferably 1350 ℃.
The method for connecting the C/C composite material by adopting the high-entropy alloy brazing is characterized in that in the step S3, a brazing filler metal alloy cast ingot is cut into sheets with the thickness of 0.2 to 0.4mm, so that the later grinding and thinning processes are facilitated; in the step S4, the slice is polished to 2000# by using SiC sand paper to remove cutting marks and oxide films on all surfaces of the slice, and the slice is thinned to be 60-80 μm thick, and finally the high-entropy alloy solder foil AlCoCrFeNix is obtained.
The method for connecting the C/C composite material by adopting the high-entropy alloy brazing is characterized in that in the step 3), the heating and activating treatment process comprises the following steps: firstly, heating from room temperature to 250-350 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 8-15 min; heating to 1150-1250 ℃ at the speed of 10-20 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 8-15 min; then heating to the brazing temperature at the speed of 8-12 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for a certain time; and finally, cooling to 250-350 ℃ at the speed of 8-12 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
The method for connecting the C/C composite material by adopting the high-entropy alloy brazing is characterized in that the brazing temperature is 1350-1440 ℃, preferably 1410-1440 ℃, and the heat preservation time after the temperature is raised to the brazing temperature is 8-15 min.
The high-entropy alloy is used as a novel structural material and has the excellent characteristics of strong high-temperature stability, high hardness, strong corrosion resistance and the like. The biphase high-entropy alloy consists of FCC and BCC phases and has good plasticity and strength. In addition, the BCC phase in the high-entropy alloy has a smaller thermal expansion coefficient, so that the problem of larger residual stress caused by mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients of materials is relieved. Therefore, the invention adopts the biphase high-entropy alloy brazing to connect the C/C composite material, which is beneficial to relieving the residual stress of the joint and improving the high-temperature service performance of the joint.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) In the embodiment of the invention, alCoCrFeNi is adopted 2.1 The high-entropy alloy is used as the brazing filler metal, and good wetting of the C/C composite material is realized through the wetting action of the Ni element on the C/C composite material and strong dissolution and diffusion reactions between the brazing filler metal and a base material. Material interface does not form continuous M 7 C 3 The reaction layer breaks through the phenomenon that wetting is realized through the reaction layer in the traditional active brazing.
2) Due to M 7 C 3 And BCC phase has smaller thermal expansion coefficient, so that M in the welding seam is formed in the welding process 7 C 3 The generation of BCC phase is increased, which is beneficial to relieving the residual stress of the joint. In addition, the joint obtained in the invention has a composite structure with mixed graphite and metal phases, so that the CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) between the base material and the welding line can be smoothly transited, and the residual stress of the joint and the base material is effectively reduced.
3)AlCoCrFeNi 2.1 The high-entropy alloy has excellent high-temperature performance and 500 MPa yield strength at 700 ℃, so that the high-entropy alloy is favorable for improving the high-temperature strength of the C/C composite material joint.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the use of AlCoCrFeNi in example 1 2.1 The microstructure appearance of the joint of the high-entropy alloy brazing C/C composite material.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the utilization of AlCoCrFeNi in example 4 2.1 The microstructure appearance of the joint of the high-entropy alloy brazing C/C composite material.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Adopting AlCoCrFeNi 2.1 The method for brazing the C/C composite material by the high-entropy alloy comprises the following steps:
1) Sequentially grinding the surface of the C/C composite material to be brazed step by using 800# and 2000# SiC abrasive paper, placing the C/C composite material on a polishing machine, polishing the C/C composite material to be brazed to be traceless by using diamond suspension with the particle size of 1 mu m, then placing the C/C composite material in acetone for ultrasonic cleaning, and finally drying to finish surface treatment;
2) According to AlCoCrFeNi 2.1 Mixing metal raw material powder together according to the atomic ratio of each metal raw material in the high-entropy alloy to form a powder raw material; carrying out suspension smelting on the powder raw materials at the temperature of 1350 ℃, and repeatedly smelting for 4 times after the powder raw materials are smelted into a brazing alloy ingot to prepare a brazing alloy ingot with uniform components;
3) Cutting the brazing alloy cast ingot obtained in the step 2) into a sheet with the thickness of 0.3 mm by utilizing linear cutting, manually polishing the sheet to 2000# by using SiC abrasive paper to remove cutting marks and oxidation films on all surfaces of the sheet, and thinning the sheet to the thickness of 60-80 microns;
4) Stacking two C/C composite materials subjected to surface treatment in the step 1) in a graphite mold, and placing a piece of AlCoCrFeNi obtained in the step 3) between the two C/C composite materials 2.1 A sheet forming a welded assembly; placing 5 g of molybdenum block on the welding assembly for weighting to ensure that two C/C composite materials are in close contact with the high-entropy alloy brazing filler metal foil between the two C/C composite materials, and then placing the C/C composite materials into a vacuum brazing furnace;
5) Controlling the vacuum degree of the vacuum brazing furnace at 2 x 10 -3 Pa; firstly, heating to 300 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 10min; heating to 1200 deg.C at a speed of 10 deg.C/min, and maintaining for 10min; then heating to the brazing temperature (the brazing temperature is 1350 ℃) at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 10min; finally, the temperature is reduced to 300 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and the obtained product is naturally cooled to room temperature along with the furnace, thus obtaining the product by utilizing AlCoCrFeNi 2.1 The high-entropy alloy is used for brazing joints of C/C composite materials.
Example 1 after brazing, a back-scattered microstructure of the resulting brazed joint is shown in fig. 1 (fig. 1 is a schematic structural view schematically depicting the back-scattered electron image under a scanning electron microscope). As can be seen from fig. 1: the phenomena of holes, cracks and the like do not occur at the welding seam interfaceAnd the tissue structure is uniform. Determination of graphite, FCC, BCC and M in the joint by combining EDS and XRD characterization 7 C 3 Phase composition.
Example 2
Adopting AlCoCrFeNi 2.1 The method for brazing the C/C composite material by the high-entropy alloy comprises the operation steps of repeating the step 1, wherein the difference is that in the step 5), the brazing temperature is changed from 1350 ℃ to 1380 ℃, other conditions are the same as those in the step 1, and finally the method for brazing the C/C composite material by the AlCoCrFeNi alloy is obtained 2.1 The high-entropy alloy is used for brazing joints of C/C composite materials.
Example 3
Adopting AlCoCrFeNi 2.1 The method for brazing the C/C composite material by the high-entropy alloy comprises the operation steps of repeating the step 1, wherein the difference is that in the step 5), the brazing temperature is changed from 1350 ℃ to 1410 ℃, other conditions are the same as those of the example 1, and finally the method for brazing the C/C composite material by the AlCoCrFeNi alloy is obtained 2.1 The high-entropy alloy is used for brazing joints of C/C composite materials. The joint morphology is shown in figure 2.
Example 4
Adopts AlCoCrFeNi 2.1 The operation steps of the method for brazing the C/C composite material by the high-entropy alloy are repeated in the embodiment 1, the difference is that in the step 5), the brazing temperature is changed from 1350 ℃ to 1440 ℃, other conditions are the same as the embodiment 1, and finally the method for brazing the C/C composite material by the AlCoCrFeNi alloy is obtained 2.1 The high-entropy alloy is used for brazing joints of C/C composite materials.
Example 4 a back-scattered microstructure of the resulting post-braze joint after brazing was as shown in fig. 2 (fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the microstructure based on the results of back-scattered electron imaging under a scanning electron microscope). As can be seen from FIG. 2, increasing the brazing temperature facilitates uniform mixing of the structures in the joint, thereby further reducing the residual stress in the joint.
The solder joints obtained in examples 1 to 4 were subjected to a shear strength test in a universal testing machine, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
As can be seen from Table 1, the shear strength of the brazed joints obtained in examples 1 to 4 was increased in the order, i.e., the joint strength showed an increasing tendency with an increase in the brazing temperature, and in the examples of the present invention, it was as high as 21.93MPa. But when the brazing temperature is increased from 1410 ℃ to 1440 ℃, the joint strength is not obviously improved; the structure analysis concludes that the degree of mixing of graphite and metal phase in the joint is severe under 1440 ℃, and further temperature rise has little influence on the performance of the joint; in addition, due to the technical and equipment limitations, further increases in brazing temperature are difficult to achieve and can be more costly. Therefore, the temperature of 1410-1440 ℃ is considered to be a suitable welding temperature in the invention.
The invention improves the problems of low high-temperature mechanical property and large joint residual stress of the brazing filler metal used for the C/C composite material at present, and discloses a novel wetting mechanism of the C/C composite material. In the welding process, due to the delayed diffusion effect of the high-entropy alloy, the active element Cr cannot diffuse to the interface of the base metal and the brazing filler metal at high temperature. In addition, C element in the base material has a fast diffusion rate at high temperature, and is fully diffused before the brazing filler metal is melted, and reacts with Cr element to form uniformly distributed M in a brazing seam 7 C 3 And (4) phase. And a porous graphite structure is formed at the C/C interface due to the consumption of the C element. Further, due to the precipitation of Cr element, the FCC phase, which is originally rich in Cr, is transformed into a BCC phase, which is depleted in Cr. And continuously heating to the brazing temperature, liquefying the brazing filler metal, gradually flowing into a C/C porous interface, and further deepening the reaction with C/C in the heat preservation process due to the action between the Ni element and the base metal, so that the base metal is well wetted. Finally, a reaction layer with coexisting graphite and metal phases is formed in the cooling process, and the weld joint mainly comprises FCC, BCC and M 7 C 3 And a graphitic phase.
In conclusion, the weld joint obtained by the method has an FCC + BCC high-entropy tissue matrix, and the high-entropy alloy has good high-temperature strength, so that the method is favorable for improving the high-temperature mechanical property of the C/C joint compared with the traditional alloy solder adopted in the prior artCan be used. Due to M in the brazing seam 7 C 3 And the BCC phase has a lower coefficient of thermal expansion, both of which are generated to help relieve residual stresses in the joint due to thermal mismatch. In addition, because a composite layer with graphite and metal coexisting is formed between the base metal and the brazing filler metal, the smooth transition of the thermal expansion coefficient from the brazing seam to C/C is realized, the interface residual stress is greatly reduced, and the improvement of the joint strength is facilitated.
The description is given for the sole purpose of illustrating the invention concept in its implementation form and the scope of the invention should not be considered as being limited to the particular form set forth in the examples.

Claims (9)

1. A method for connecting C/C composite materials by high-entropy alloy brazing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Carrying out surface treatment on the C/C composite material to be brazed, namely, carrying out polishing, cleaning and drying treatment on the surface of the C/C composite material;
2) Stacking the C/C composite materials subjected to surface treatment in the step 1) in a graphite mold, and placing a high-entropy alloy brazing filler metal foil between the two C/C composite materials to form a welded assembly; placing a molybdenum block on each welding assembly for weighting to ensure that two C/C composite materials are in close contact with the high-entropy alloy brazing filler metal foil between the two C/C composite materials, and then transferring the C/C composite materials and the high-entropy alloy brazing filler metal foil into a vacuum brazing furnace;
3) Heating and activating the welding assembly in the vacuum brazing furnace obtained in the step 2), connecting the surfaces to be welded of the two C/C composite materials through a high-entropy alloy brazing foil, and then cooling to finally obtain the C/C composite material connected by high-entropy alloy brazing;
in the step 2), the foil of the high-entropy alloy brazing filler metal is AlCoCrFeNix, and the atomic ratio of each element in the high-entropy alloy is (Al: co: cr: fe: ni = 1).
2. The method for brazing and connecting the C/C composite materials by using the high-entropy alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the C/C composite materials to be brazed are subjected to surface treatment by the following steps: and (3) grinding the to-be-treated surface of the C/C composite material by using sand paper, then placing the C/C composite material on a polishing machine, polishing the C/C composite material by using diamond suspension with the particle size of 1 mu m until no mark exists, then placing the C/C composite material in acetone for ultrasonic cleaning, and finally drying the C/C composite material to finish surface treatment.
3. The method for brazing and connecting the C/C composite material by using the high-entropy alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the high-entropy alloy brazing filler metal foil AlCoCrFeNix comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing metal raw material powder together according to the atomic ratio of each metal raw material in the high-entropy alloy AlCoCrFeNix to form a powder raw material;
s2: suspension smelting the powder raw material obtained in the step S1 to prepare a brazing filler metal alloy ingot;
s3: cutting the brazing filler metal alloy cast ingot into slices by utilizing linear cutting;
s4: and manually polishing the sheet to obtain the high-entropy alloy brazing filler metal foil AlCoCrFeNix.
4. The method for connecting C/C composite materials by high-entropy alloy brazing according to claim 3, wherein the powder raw materials are melted into brazing alloy ingots in the step S2, and then the brazing alloy ingots with uniform components are obtained by repeatedly melting for 3-5 times; in the step S2, the smelting temperature is 1300-1400 ℃.
5. The method for brazing and connecting C/C composite materials by using the high-entropy alloy as claimed in claim 4, wherein the melting temperature in the step S2 is 1350 ℃.
6. The method for brazing and connecting the C/C composite material by using the high-entropy alloy is characterized in that in the step S3, the brazing filler metal alloy cast ingot is cut into sheets with the thickness of 0.2-0.4 mm so as to facilitate the later grinding and thinning processes; in the step S4, the slice is polished to 2000# by using SiC sand paper to remove cutting marks and oxide films on all surfaces of the slice, and the slice is thinned to be 60-80 μm thick, and finally the high-entropy alloy solder foil AlCoCrFeNix is obtained.
7. The method for braze welding of C/C composite materials by using high-entropy alloy in accordance with claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the heating and activating treatment comprises the following steps: firstly, heating from room temperature to 250 to 350 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 to 20 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 8 to 15 min; heating to 1150 to 1250 ℃ at the speed of 10 to 20 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 8 to 15 min; then heating to the brazing temperature at the speed of 8-12 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for a certain time; and finally, cooling to 250-350 ℃ at the speed of 8-12 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
8. The method for brazing and connecting C/C composite materials by using the high-entropy alloy according to claim 7, wherein the brazing temperature is 1350-1440 ℃, and the heat preservation time after the temperature is raised to the brazing temperature is 8-15 min.
9. A method for brazing and connecting C/C composite materials by using high-entropy alloy according to claim 8, wherein the brazing temperature is 1410-1440 ℃.
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