CN110900037B - Brazing filler metal and method for welding molybdenum-rhenium alloy and steel - Google Patents
Brazing filler metal and method for welding molybdenum-rhenium alloy and steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN110900037B CN110900037B CN201911284589.1A CN201911284589A CN110900037B CN 110900037 B CN110900037 B CN 110900037B CN 201911284589 A CN201911284589 A CN 201911284589A CN 110900037 B CN110900037 B CN 110900037B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
- B23K35/304—Ni as the principal constituent with Cr as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
Abstract
The invention discloses a brazing filler metal and a method for welding molybdenum-rhenium alloy and steel, and belongs to the technical field of welding. The brazing filler metal comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5.5-10.5% of Cr, 3-8% of Co, 0.5-3% of B and the balance of Ni. The welding method is vacuum brazing treatment, the welding temperature is 1150-1250 ℃, and the welding temperature heat preservation time is 30-60 min; the vacuum degree is 5-9 x 10‑3Pa. The connection of the molybdenum-rhenium alloy and the stainless steel alloy can be realized by adopting the optimized brazing filler metal and the welding process, the surface of the welded joint is good in forming, the forming defect is avoided, and the strength of the joint is more than 250 Mpa.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a brazing filler metal for welding molybdenum-rhenium alloy and steel and a method for welding the molybdenum-rhenium alloy and the steel.
Background
The rhenium is added into the molybdenum, so that the ductile-brittle transition temperature of the molybdenum can be obviously reduced, the recrystallization temperature is increased, and the room-temperature plasticity and the high-temperature strength are improved; at the same time, the relatively rapid work hardening of pure rhenium is avoided. The molybdenum-rhenium alloy avoids respective adverse factors, forms an ideal elastic material, and is widely applied to important process departments such as aerospace, nuclear energy, electronics, military industry and the like due to good high-temperature performance and elastic performance. The connection of the molybdenum-rhenium alloy and the steel is a practical problem to be solved urgently in practical application, on one hand, because the molybdenum-rhenium alloy is high in cost, the molybdenum-rhenium alloy only needs to be adopted in necessary working sections or structures, and other parts are made of steel materials such as stainless steel to reduce the cost; on the other hand, at low temperature or normal temperature, the stainless steel has better strength and toughness and oxidation resistance, and the combination of the molybdenum-rhenium alloy and the stainless steel material can improve the comprehensive performance of the whole material.
However, when the molybdenum-rhenium alloy and the steel are welded, the welding difficulty is large due to the large performance difference between the molybdenum-rhenium alloy and the steel. The patent application with the publication number of CN102489813A discloses a vacuum active brazing process for molybdenum-copper alloy and stainless steel, wherein Ag-Cu-Ti is used as brazing filler metal, the shape of the brazing filler metal is foil-shaped, the flaky brazing filler metal can only weld parts with simple and smooth welding surface shapes, and meanwhile, the Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal can easily cause Ti and steel to form a brittle phase and is not beneficial to the combination of the molybdenum-rhenium alloy and the steel parts; in addition, the brazing filler metal adopts Ag with higher cost, and the cost is high.
Therefore, it is urgently needed to provide a brazing filler metal and a brazing process which are convenient for welding surfaces with various shapes and have excellent joint performance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a brazing filler metal and a method for welding molybdenum-rhenium alloy and steel. The brazing filler metal is particularly suitable for molybdenum-rhenium alloy and steel with great difference of welding performance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a brazing filler metal for welding molybdenum-rhenium alloy and steel, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5.5-10.5% of Cr, 3-8% of Co, 0.5-3% of B and the balance of Ni.
In the brazing filler metal for welding the molybdenum-rhenium alloy and the steel, the content of B is 0.5-2 wt%.
The brazing filler metal of the present invention may further contain some inevitable impurities, such as impurities introduced from the raw materials, in an amount of not more than 0.1 wt%.
In the brazing filler metal of the present invention, the effects of the respective components are as follows:
ni: the nickel is the main basic material of the brazing filler metal, has better wettability with the molybdenum-rhenium alloy and steel, particularly stainless steel, and is beneficial to bonding the molybdenum-rhenium alloy and the steel.
Cr: cr has better intersolubility with molybdenum and also has better intersolubility with Fe, and can form metallurgical bonding to a certain extent on the basis of brazing filler metal bonding, thereby being beneficial to improving the strength of a welding seam; the Cr content is lower than 5.5 wt%, the metallurgical bonding of Cr is small, the weld strength is poor, the Cr content is high, and the wetting of the brazing filler metal and a substrate is not facilitated.
Co: the proper amount of Co can raise the high temperature strength of the soldered joint and has no influence on the combination performance of the solder to Mo-Re alloy and steel.
B: boron can reduce the melting point of the nickel-based brazing filler metal, and meanwhile, the nickel-based brazing filler metal has good diffusivity, so that the brazing filler metal and a base material can be homogenized quickly, and the melting point of the brazing filler metal can be within a proper range (1050 ℃ -1150 ℃) due to proper B content. Preferably, the brazing filler metal of the present invention contains B in an amount of 0.5 to 2 wt% (e.g., 0.6 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.3 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 1.8 wt%).
In the brazing filler metal for welding the molybdenum-rhenium alloy and the steel, as a preferred embodiment, the content of rhenium in the molybdenum-rhenium alloy is 5 to 50wt% (such as 6 wt%, 8 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 30 wt%, 35 wt%, 40 wt%, 45 wt%, 49 wt%), and the steel is stainless steel; the stainless steel is preferably S31608, and can also be applied to stainless steel of other materials, because the main components of Ni and Cr in the brazing filler metal have better wetting and diffusing performance with the main element Fe in the stainless steel.
In the brazing filler metal for welding the molybdenum-rhenium alloy and the steel, as a preferred embodiment, the brazing filler metal is in a powder shape, more preferably, the particle size of the brazing filler metal is 200-300 meshes (210 meshes, 230 meshes, 250 meshes, 280 meshes and 290 meshes), the specific surface area of powder with coarse particles is small, the filling performance is poor, and large holes are easy to appear at a welded joint after welding; the particles are small, and the excessively high specific surface easily causes the surface to adsorb excessively high oxygen and nitrogen, and easily causes the joint to be embrittled. The melting point of the brazing filler metal is 1050-1150 ℃.
The preparation of the brazing filler metal for welding the molybdenum-rhenium alloy and the steel can adopt a conventional atomization powder preparation process.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of welding a molybdenum-rhenium alloy and a steel, comprising:
a brazing filler metal laying step, wherein a brazing filler metal layer formed by brazing filler metal powder is laid between surfaces to be welded of the molybdenum-rhenium alloy part and the steel part;
and a welding step, namely performing vacuum brazing treatment on the molybdenum-rhenium alloy part and the steel part with the brazing filler metal layer laid between the surfaces to be welded.
In the method for welding the molybdenum-rhenium alloy and the steel, as a preferred embodiment, in the step of laying the brazing filler metal, the thickness of the brazing filler metal layer is 0.5-2mm, and the brazing filler metal layer is too thin, so that defects such as unfilled areas of the brazing filler metal, welding holes and the like are easy to occur; when the brazing filler metal is too thick, the deformation of a brazing layer is large in the brazing process, so that the welding is unstable, and the size of the whole part is deformed.
In the method of welding a molybdenum-rhenium alloy and steel, as a preferred embodiment, the step of applying a brazing filler metal further includes applying a pressure toward the brazing filler metal layer to the molybdenum-rhenium alloy part and/or the steel part having the brazing filler metal layer laid between the welding surfaces so that the brazing filler metal layer is sandwiched between the molybdenum-rhenium alloy part and the steel part; more preferably, the pressure is 1-5Mpa (e.g., 1.5Mpa, 2Mpa, 3Mpa, 4Mpa, 5 Mpa).
In the method of welding a molybdenum-rhenium alloy and steel, as a preferred embodiment, the steel is stainless steel; the stainless steel is preferably S31608, but can be applied to stainless steel of other materials.
In the method for welding the molybdenum-rhenium alloy and the steel, the brazing filler metal powder can be conventional brazing filler metal powder, preferably nickel-based brazing filler metal powder, and more preferably the brazing filler metal provided by the first aspect of the invention, and the brazing filler metal comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5.5-10.5% of Cr, 3-8% of Co, 0.5-3% of B and the balance of Ni; the content of B is preferably 0.5 to 2 wt%. The granularity of the solder powder is preferably 200-300 meshes.
In the method of welding a molybdenum-rhenium alloy and steel, as a preferred embodiment, the vacuum brazing treatment is performedThe welding temperature is 1150-1250 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the welding temperature is 30-60 min; more preferably, the degree of vacuum is (5 to 9). times.10-3Pa. The welding temperature is preferably higher than the melting point of the brazing filler metal by about 100 ℃, so that the reaction of Ni \ Cr in the brazing filler metal and a matrix material is facilitated, and the bonding strength of a welding joint and a base material is enhanced. The control of the welding heat preservation time has a large influence on the welding effect, the heat preservation time is too short, the melting reaction time is short, the combination is not facilitated, the time is long, the brazing filler metal easily flows out and volatilizes more, and the welding holes are easily caused.
The welding treatment process of the invention needs to maintain the vacuum degree in the whole process from the temperature rise to the welding temperature reduction.
In the method for welding a molybdenum-rhenium alloy and steel, as a preferred embodiment, the vacuum brazing treatment specifically includes: the method comprises a heating stage, a welding heat preservation stage and a cooling stage, wherein the heating stage comprises the following steps: raising the temperature from room temperature to 900-; then, continuously heating to the welding temperature at a heating speed of 3-5 ℃/min (the heating speed in the process is slower and mainly has two reasons that the brazing filler metal above 1000 ℃ gradually starts to soften and mutually diffuses, the direct diffusion process of the brazing filler metal can be more uniform and effective at a slower speed on the one hand, and the two base materials (namely the materials to be welded) can be kept at similar temperature at a slower speed due to the different heat conductivity coefficients of the two materials on the other hand); the welding heat preservation stage comprises heat preservation for 30-60 min at a welding temperature of 1150-1250 ℃; the temperature reduction stage comprises reducing the temperature from the welding temperature to 600 ℃ and 700 ℃ at the speed of 1-3 ℃/min, and then cooling to the room temperature along with the furnace. The high temperature region above 600 ℃ may cause large thermal stress if the temperature decrease rate is too fast.
In the method for welding the molybdenum-rhenium alloy and the steel, as a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises a surface cleaning step before the brazing filler metal laying step: polishing the welding surface of the steel part to a roughness of Ra0.8 or less, and then carrying out acid pickling, water washing and drying treatment; preferably, the acid solution formula adopted in the acid washing is as follows: nitric acid: hydrofluoric acid: and (3) water is 2:1:5 (volume ratio), and the drying treatment is vacuum drying for 1-2 h at the temperature of 80-100 ℃. And (3) polishing the welding surface of the molybdenum-rhenium alloy part, wherein the roughness is less than Ra0.8mm, and then annealing by hydrogen, preferably, the annealing temperature is 800-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-2 h. The annealing treatment can remove surface oxidation caused by polishing and air natural oxidation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the Ni-Cr-Co-B brazing filler metal is preferably used for welding the molybdenum-rhenium alloy and the stainless steel, main elements of the brazing filler metal have certain intersolubility with a base metal and can play a good wetting role, and the Ni and the molybdenum/rhenium are intersolubility to a certain degree and better intersolubility with Fe in the stainless steel; cr and molybdenum are more infinitely miscible, Cr and Fe are also infinitely miscible at high temperature, and better intersolubility is kept at low temperature, so that the Ni-Cr brazing filler metal has more advantages compared with other Ag-based brazing filler metals and Mn-based brazing filler metals. The brazing filler metal contains Si and Fe elements which can form a hard phase with molybdenum, so that the brittleness of a material joint is increased, and therefore, the Si and Fe elements are not added into the brazing filler metal. The brazing filler metal can prevent Fe in stainless steel from diffusing to the molybdenum-rhenium side to form a brittle phase, so that the strength of a joint is ensured.
(2) The powdered solder is used, so that parts with complex welding surface structures and shapes can be directly welded, and the powdered solder can ensure that the solder and the welding surface are fully contacted and welded. The direct welding of the complex parts avoids the processing problem caused by the difference of the processing performances of two different materials after welding and also avoids the processing damage to the welding area in the processing process.
(3) The connection of the molybdenum-rhenium alloy and the stainless steel alloy can be realized by adopting the optimized brazing filler metal and the welding process, the surface of the welded joint is good in forming, the forming defect is avoided, and the strength of the joint is more than 250 Mpa.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a molybdenum-rhenium alloy and steel composite structural member welded according to example 1 of the present invention.
Wherein, 1-steel; 2-a solder layer; a 3-molybdenum-rhenium alloy layer.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are only for the purpose of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art after reading the disclosure of the present invention, and equivalents fall within the scope of the appended claims.
The brazing filler metal used in the embodiment of the invention is prepared by a conventional atomization powder preparation method, and the specific preparation method is not described in detail herein.
Example 1
The solder powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10 wt% of Cr, 3.5 wt% of Co, 1 wt% of B and the balance of Ni, wherein the granularity of the brazing filler metal powder is 200-300 meshes.
The rhenium content in the molybdenum-rhenium alloy of the present example was 45 wt%, and the stainless steel was S31608.
The specific welding process is as follows:
(1) polishing the welding surface of the stainless steel part, wherein the roughness is less than Ra0.8, then pickling (the formula of pickling solution is nitric acid: hydrofluoric acid: water is 2:1:5 by volume ratio), washing with water, and vacuum drying at 80 ℃ for 1 h. The welding surface of the molybdenum-rhenium alloy part is polished to the roughness Ra0.8mm or less, and then is annealed for 1h at 900 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere.
(2) Uniformly paving the brazing filler metal on the to-be-welded surface of the molybdenum-rhenium alloy part or the stainless steel part, controlling the thickness to be about 0.8mm, and vertically applying 4Mpa pressure by using a tool;
(3) putting the parts to be welded assembled in the step (2) into a vacuum brazing device, and performing vacuum welding according to the following process parameters: vacuum degree of 6X 10-3Pa，
A temperature rise stage, wherein the temperature rise is below 1000 ℃, the temperature rise speed is controlled to be about 6 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept at 1000 ℃ for 2 h; then continuously heating to the welding temperature 1230 ℃ at the heating rate of about 4 ℃/min;
and (3) welding and heat preservation: keeping the temperature at 1230 ℃ for 40 min;
and (3) cooling: and (4) after welding and heat preservation, cooling to 600 ℃ at a speed of about 2 ℃/min, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a welding piece.
Referring to fig. 1, through metallographic microscope observation, the welding layer 2, i.e. the joint part, between the steel 1 and the molybdenum-rhenium alloy layer 3 has no defects such as micro-cracks, holes and the like, the molybdenum steel is well combined, and the shear strength of the joint reaches 265 Mpa.
Example 2
The solder powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 9 wt% of Cr, 3.5 wt% of Co3, 2 wt% of B and the balance of Ni, wherein the granularity of the brazing filler metal powder is 200-300 meshes.
The rhenium content in the molybdenum-rhenium alloy of the present example was 45 wt%, and the stainless steel was S31608.
The specific welding process is as follows:
(1) polishing the welding surface of the stainless steel part, wherein the roughness is less than Ra0.8, then pickling (the formula of pickling solution is nitric acid: hydrofluoric acid: water is 2:1:5 by volume ratio), washing with water, and vacuum drying at 80 ℃ for 1 h. The welding surface of the molybdenum-rhenium alloy part is polished to the roughness Ra0.8mm or less, and then is annealed for 1h at 900 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere.
(2) Uniformly paving the brazing filler metal on the to-be-welded surface of the molybdenum-rhenium alloy part or the stainless steel part, controlling the thickness to be about 0.8mm, and vertically applying 4Mpa pressure by using a tool;
(3) putting the parts to be welded assembled in the step (2) into a vacuum brazing device, and performing vacuum welding according to the following process parameters: vacuum degree of 6X 10-3Pa，
A temperature rise stage, wherein the temperature rise is below 1000 ℃, the temperature rise speed is controlled to be about 6 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept at 1000 ℃ for 2 h; then continuously heating to the welding temperature of 1200 ℃ at the heating rate of about 4 ℃/min;
and (3) welding and heat preservation: keeping the temperature at 1200 ℃ for 40 min;
and (3) cooling: and (4) after welding and heat preservation, cooling to 600 ℃ at a speed of about 2 ℃/min, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a welding piece.
Through metallographic microscope observation, the joint part has no defects such as micro cracks, holes and the like, the molybdenum steel is well combined, and the shear strength of the joint reaches 270 Mpa.
Example 3
The solder powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6.5 wt% of Cr, 3.5 wt% of Co3, 3 wt% of B and the balance of Ni, wherein the granularity of the brazing filler metal powder is 200-300 meshes.
The rhenium content in the molybdenum-rhenium alloy of the present example was 45 wt%, and the stainless steel was S31608.
The specific welding process is as follows:
(1) polishing the welding surface of the stainless steel part, wherein the roughness is less than Ra0.8, then pickling (the formula of pickling solution is nitric acid: hydrofluoric acid: water is 2:1:5 by volume ratio), washing with water, and vacuum drying at 80 ℃ for 1 h. The welding surface of the molybdenum-rhenium alloy part is polished to the roughness Ra0.8mm or less, and then is annealed for 1h at 900 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere.
(2) Uniformly paving the brazing filler metal on the to-be-welded surface of the molybdenum-rhenium alloy part or the stainless steel part, controlling the thickness to be about 0.8mm, and vertically applying 4Mpa pressure by using a tool;
(3) putting the parts to be welded assembled in the step (2) into a vacuum brazing device, and performing vacuum welding according to the following process parameters: vacuum degree of 6X 10-3Pa，
A temperature rise stage, wherein the temperature rise is below 1000 ℃, the temperature rise speed is controlled to be about 6 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept at 1000 ℃ for 2 h; then continuously heating to 1150 ℃ according to the heating rate of about 4 ℃/min;
and (3) welding and heat preservation: keeping the temperature for 40min at the welding temperature of 1150 ℃;
and (3) cooling: and (4) after welding and heat preservation, cooling to 600 ℃ at a speed of about 2 ℃/min, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a welding piece.
Through metallographic microscope observation, the joint part has no obvious defects such as micro cracks, holes and the like, the molybdenum steel is well combined, and the shearing strength of the joint reaches 251 Mpa.
Example 4
The solder powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10.5 wt% of Cr, 8 wt% of Co, 1.8 wt% of B and the balance of Ni, wherein the granularity of the brazing filler metal powder is 200-300 meshes.
The rhenium content in the molybdenum-rhenium alloy of the present example was 45 wt%, and the stainless steel was S31608.
The specific welding process is as follows:
(1) polishing the welding surface of the stainless steel part, wherein the roughness is less than Ra0.8, then pickling (the formula of pickling solution is nitric acid: hydrofluoric acid: water is 2:1:5 by volume ratio), washing with water, and vacuum drying at 80 ℃ for 1 h. The welding surface of the molybdenum-rhenium alloy part is polished to the roughness Ra0.8mm or less, and then is annealed for 1h at 900 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere.
(2) Uniformly paving brazing filler metal on the to-be-welded surfaces of the molybdenum-rhenium alloy parts or the stainless steel parts, controlling the thickness to be about 2mm, and vertically applying 4Mpa pressure by using a tool;
(3) putting the parts to be welded assembled in the step (2) into a vacuum brazing device, and performing vacuum welding according to the following process parameters: vacuum degree of 6X 10-3Pa，
A temperature rise stage, wherein the temperature rise is below 1000 ℃, the temperature rise speed is controlled to be about 6 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept at 1000 ℃ for 2 h; then continuously heating to a welding temperature of 1220 ℃ according to a heating rate of about 4 ℃/min;
and (3) welding and heat preservation: keeping the temperature at 1220 ℃ for 40 min;
and (3) cooling: and (4) after welding and heat preservation, cooling to 600 ℃ at a speed of about 2 ℃/min, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a welding piece.
Through metallographic microscope observation, the joint part has no obvious defects such as micro cracks, holes and the like, the molybdenum steel is well combined, and the shear strength of the joint reaches 285 Mpa.
Example 5
The solder powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10 wt% of Cr, 3.5 wt% of Co, 1 wt% of B and the balance of Ni, wherein the granularity of the brazing filler metal powder is 200-300 meshes.
The rhenium content in the molybdenum-rhenium alloy of the embodiment is 5 wt%, and the stainless steel is S31608.
The specific welding process is as follows:
(1) polishing the welding surface of the stainless steel part, wherein the roughness is less than Ra0.8, then pickling (the formula of pickling solution is nitric acid: hydrofluoric acid: water is 2:1:5 by volume ratio), washing with water, and vacuum drying at 80 ℃ for 1 h. The welding surface of the molybdenum-rhenium alloy part is polished to the roughness Ra0.8mm or less, and then is annealed for 1h at 1000 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere.
(2) Uniformly paving the brazing filler metal on the to-be-welded surface of the molybdenum-rhenium alloy part or the stainless steel part, controlling the thickness to be about 1.5mm, and vertically applying 4Mpa pressure by using a tool;
(3) putting the parts to be welded assembled in the step (2) into a vacuum brazing device, and performing vacuum welding according to the following process parameters: vacuum degree of 6X 10-3Pa，
A temperature rise stage, wherein the temperature rise stage is below 950 ℃, the temperature rise speed is controlled to be about 8 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept at 900 ℃ for 2 hours; then continuously heating to the welding temperature 1230 ℃ at the heating rate of about 5 ℃/min;
and (3) welding and heat preservation: keeping the temperature at 1230 ℃ for 40 min;
and (3) cooling: and (4) after welding and heat preservation, cooling to 700 ℃ at a speed of about 2 ℃/min, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a welding piece.
Through metallographic microscope observation, the joint part has no obvious defects such as micro cracks, holes and the like, the molybdenum steel is well combined, and the shear strength of the joint reaches 278 Mpa.
Example 6
The solder powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6.5 wt% of Cr, 3.5 wt% of Co3, 3 wt% of B and the balance of Ni, wherein the granularity of the brazing filler metal powder is 200-300 meshes.
The rhenium content in the molybdenum-rhenium alloy of the present example was 45 wt%, and the stainless steel was S31608.
The specific welding process is as follows:
(1) polishing the welding surface of the stainless steel part, wherein the roughness is less than Ra0.8, then pickling (the formula of pickling solution is nitric acid: hydrofluoric acid: water is 2:1:5 by volume ratio), washing with water, and vacuum drying at 80 ℃ for 1 h. The welding surface of the molybdenum-rhenium alloy part is polished to the roughness Ra0.8mm or less, and then is annealed for 1h at 900 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere.
(2) Uniformly paving the brazing filler metal on the to-be-welded surface of the molybdenum-rhenium alloy part or the stainless steel part, controlling the thickness to be about 0.8mm, and vertically applying 4Mpa pressure by using a tool;
(3) putting the part to be welded assembled in the step (2) into a vacuum chamberIn the air brazing device, vacuum welding is carried out according to the following process parameters: vacuum degree of 6X 10-3Pa，
Heating to the welding temperature of 1230 ℃ at the speed of about 15 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 40 min;
and (3) cooling: and (4) after welding and heat preservation, cooling to 600 ℃ at a speed of about 2 ℃/min, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a welding piece.
The metallurgical microscope observation shows that the diffusion uniformity of the brazing filler metal at the joint part is slightly poor, the molybdenum steel is well combined, and the shear strength of the joint reaches 240 Mpa.
Claims (6)
1. The brazing filler metal for welding the molybdenum-rhenium alloy and the steel is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 5.5-10.5% of Cr, 3-8% of Co, 0.5-2% of B and the balance of Ni;
the brazing filler metal is powdery, and the granularity of the brazing filler metal is 200-300 meshes;
the melting point of the solder is 1050-.
2. The brazing filler metal for welding the molybdenum-rhenium alloy and the steel according to claim 1, wherein the content of rhenium in the molybdenum-rhenium alloy is 5-50 wt%, and the steel is S31608 stainless steel.
3. A method of welding a molybdenum-rhenium alloy to a steel, comprising:
a brazing filler metal laying step, wherein a brazing filler metal layer formed by brazing filler metal powder is laid between surfaces to be welded of the molybdenum-rhenium alloy part and the steel part;
welding, namely performing vacuum brazing treatment on the molybdenum-rhenium alloy part and the steel part with the brazing filler metal layer laid between surfaces to be welded;
the thickness of the brazing filler metal layer is 0.5-2 mm;
applying pressure towards the brazing filler metal layer to the molybdenum-rhenium alloy part and/or the steel part with the brazing filler metal layer laid between the welding surfaces so that the brazing filler metal layer is clamped between the molybdenum-rhenium alloy part and the steel part; the pressure is 1-5 Mpa;
the welding temperature of the vacuum brazing treatment is 1150-1250 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the welding temperature is 30-60 min;
the method also comprises a surface cleaning step before the solder laying step:
polishing the welding surface of the steel part to a roughness of Ra0.8 or less, and then carrying out acid pickling, water washing and drying treatment; the acid liquor formula adopted in the acid washing is as follows: nitric acid: hydrofluoric acid: the volume ratio of water is =2:1:5, and the drying treatment is vacuum drying for 1-2 h at the temperature of 80-100 ℃;
polishing the welding surface of the molybdenum-rhenium alloy part, wherein the roughness is less than Ra0.8mm, and then annealing by hydrogen, wherein the annealing temperature is 800-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-2 h;
the solder powder is the solder according to any one of claims 1 to 2.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the steel is S31608 stainless steel.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the vacuum brazing is performed at a vacuum degree of (5 to 9) x 10-3Pa。
6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the vacuum brazing process comprises in particular: the welding process comprises a heating-up stage, a welding heat-preservation stage and a cooling-down stage, wherein the heating-up stage comprises: raising the temperature from room temperature to 900-; then, continuously heating to the welding temperature at a heating speed of 3-5 ℃/min; the welding heat preservation stage comprises heat preservation for 30-60 min at a welding temperature of 1150-1250 ℃; the temperature reduction stage comprises reducing the temperature from the welding temperature to 600 ℃ and 700 ℃ at the speed of 1-3 ℃/min, and then cooling to the room temperature along with the furnace.
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| CN86100718B (en) * | 1986-02-05 | 1987-12-02 | 冶金工业部钢铁研究总院 | Ni-based solder |
| DE10356562A1 (en) * | 2003-12-04 | 2005-06-30 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Solder alloy, use of the solder alloy and method for machining, in particular repair, of workpieces, in particular gas turbine components |
| CN103240543A (en) * | 2012-02-10 | 2013-08-14 | 浙江师范大学 | Nickel-based amorphous brazing filler metal |
| CN105499834A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-04-20 | 江苏科技大学 | Brazing material for brazing molybdenum-rhenium alloy, preparation method and brazing method |
| CN106271209B (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2018-01-12 | 江苏科技大学 | High temperature Fe bases solder and preparation method and soldering processes for soldering 50Mo 50Re alloys |
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