CN113182514B - TiAl alloy ceramic welding part and integral forming preparation method thereof - Google Patents
TiAl alloy ceramic welding part and integral forming preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113182514B CN113182514B CN202110351960.2A CN202110351960A CN113182514B CN 113182514 B CN113182514 B CN 113182514B CN 202110351960 A CN202110351960 A CN 202110351960A CN 113182514 B CN113182514 B CN 113182514B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
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Abstract
The invention provides a TiAl alloy ceramic welding part and an integrated forming preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a powder compact: selecting raw material powder, and preparing a powder compact by using a near-net-shape forming technology; the raw material powder is obtained by mixing TiAl alloy powder, a sintering activating auxiliary agent and a binder; sintering and connecting: sintering the ceramic piece and the powder pressed compact to obtain a connecting piece sample; hot isostatic pressing; and carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the connecting piece sample to obtain a finished product. The preparation method integrates the sintering process of the TiAl powder and the ceramic connection process, does not need the manufacturing and processing of the TiAl alloy in the whole preparation process, realizes a simpler and more convenient dissimilar material connection method, and realizes the manufacturing of the TiAl and ceramic dissimilar material connection component with short flow and high reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of powder metallurgy, in particular to a TiAl alloy ceramic welding part and an integrated forming preparation method thereof.
Background
Ceramic materials have high application values in the electronics, aerospace, nuclear and automotive industries due to their excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, heat resistance and chemical stability. The inherent brittleness of ceramic materials makes it extremely difficult to manufacture large and complex shaped components, which limits the use of ceramic materials. The disadvantages of the ceramic material can be overcome by combining the ceramic material with other materials (especially metals and alloys), and the ceramic material has the respective advantages of the ceramic material and the metal. Intermetallic compounds represented by TiAl alloy have the performances of light weight, high strength, heat resistance, high temperature oxidation resistance and the like so as to successfully prove the potential of the intermetallic compounds in engineering application. Therefore, the development of the ceramic and TiAl alloy combination technology has wide application and popularization prospects.
The conventional technology for combining ceramics and TiAl alloy at present generally connects dense ceramics and TiAl alloy, and the adopted technology generally comprises transient liquid phase connection, diffusion connection, active metal brazing and the like. Among these methods, active metal brazing is the most common cermet and metal welding process due to its convenience, relatively low joining temperature and excellent adhesion properties, and the commonly used active solder is Ag-Cu alloy. However, since the TiAl alloy is also intrinsically brittle and difficult to process in a complicated shape, it is also difficult to form TiAl and then connect the TiAl alloy.
Therefore, the method for preparing the TiAl alloy ceramic welding part by developing an integrated forming and connecting technology has high application value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a TiAl alloy ceramic welding part and an integrated forming preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method integrates the sintering process of TiAl powder with the ceramic connection process, generates equivalent transient liquid phase during sintering by adding an activated sintering aid, promotes the sintering of the TiAl powder and simultaneously flows into a connection joint surface to realize effective connection, does not need the manufacturing and processing of the TiAl alloy in the whole preparation process, realizes a simpler and more convenient dissimilar material connection method, realizes the manufacturing of a connecting component of the TiAl and the ceramic dissimilar material with short flow and high reliability, and solves the technical problems that the TiAl alloy ceramic welding part in the prior art needs the manufacturing and processing of the TiAl alloy, and the flow is complicated and the difficulty is large.
In order to achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for integrally forming a TiAl alloy ceramic welded article is provided.
The TiAl alloy ceramic welding part and the integral forming preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
preparing a powder compact: selecting raw material powder, and preparing a powder compact by using a near-net-shape forming technology; the raw material powder is obtained by mixing TiAl alloy powder, a sintering activating auxiliary agent and a binder;
sintering and connecting: sintering the ceramic piece and the powder compact to obtain a connecting piece sample;
hot isostatic pressing; and carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the connecting piece sample to obtain a finished product.
Further, the sintering activating auxiliary agent is mixed powder of Co powder and Sn powder; the mass ratio of the Co powder to the Sn powder is 6-9: 4 to 1.
Further, the molar ratio of the Co powder to all metal elements of the Co powder, the Sn powder and the TiAl alloy powder is 0.5-5%;
the molar ratio of the Sn powder to all metal elements of the Co powder, the Sn powder and the TiAl alloy powder is 0.5-5%.
In the invention, the proportion of the Co powder and the Sn powder in the total molar weight of all metal elements of the Co powder, the Sn powder and the TiAl alloy powder is 0.5-5%, and the addition proportion can ensure that the TiAl alloy powder is fully sintered and is close to full compactness, and meanwhile, excessive liquid phase is ensured to seep out and flow into the joint to realize welding.
Preferably, the particle size of the Co powder is less than or equal to 75 mu m, and the particle size of the Sn powder is less than or equal to 48 mu m.
Further, the sintering treatment process conditions are as follows: the sintering temperature is 1250-1350 ℃, and the sintering time is 1.5-2.5 h.
In the invention, vacuum sintering can be adopted, and the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 10 -1 Pa; and placing the ceramic piece and the powder compact in a vacuum sintering furnace for TiAl powder densification, and simultaneously infiltrating the ternary liquid phase into a joint surface to realize connection.
Further, the hot isostatic pressing process conditions are as follows: the temperature is 1050-1250 ℃, the pressure is 75-150 MPa, and the heat preservation time is 30 min-2 h.
In the invention, the sintered connecting piece sample is subjected to the non-sheath hot isostatic pressing to eliminate the residual pores of the TiAl part, and meanwhile, the bonding strength of the connecting part is further enhanced.
Further, the near net shape forming technique is any one of a die pressing, a cold isostatic pressing, and an injection molding process.
Further, the TiAl alloy powder is spherical or non-spherical pre-alloy powder, and the particle size of the powder is less than or equal to 75 mu m;
the binder is an ethanol-nylon solution or a heptane-paraffin solution;
the ceramic part is A 2 O 3 Ceramic plate, ZrO 2 Ceramic plate or Si 3 N 4 A ceramic plate.
Further, before the sintering connection treatment, the method also comprises a connection pretreatment:
and flattening the interface to be connected of the powder compact and the interface to be connected of the ceramic piece.
In the invention, the interface to be connected of the powder pressed blank can be polished and leveled by sand paper; the interface to be connected of the ceramic piece is correspondingly ground and cleaned, so that the smoothness and tidiness of the connection interface are ensured.
Further, the surface to be connected is coated with mixed powder of Co powder and Sn powder; the mass ratio of the Co powder to the Sn powder is 6-9: 4-1, wherein the coating thickness of the mixed powder is less than or equal to 100 mu m.
In the invention, for a larger connecting surface (the diameter of the connecting surface is more than 20mm generally), a small amount of mixed powder of Co powder and Sn powder can be spread on the interface, so that the optimal connecting effect is ensured.
To achieve the above object, according to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a TiAl alloy ceramic welded article.
The TiAl alloy ceramic welding part is prepared by adopting the TiAl alloy and ceramic integrated forming and connecting method.
In the invention, the TiAl powder blank formed by near net shaping and the ceramic are adopted to carry out the connecting process, the densification of the TiAl component part and the connection of different materials are simultaneously completed in the one-time heating and sintering process, the complicated manufacturing and processing process of the TiAl alloy is omitted, the preparation of the connecting component of the TiAl alloy and the ceramic different materials in a short process is realized, the cost is low, the process is short, and the product performance is stable.
The mixed powder of cobalt and tin is used as a sintering activating assistant, two liquid phases of tin liquid (more than 231 ℃) and titanium-aluminum-cobalt ternary liquid (more than 1250 ℃) can be generated in the temperature rising process of sintering, the tin liquid and the titanium-aluminum-cobalt ternary liquid can reduce the sintering temperature of TiAl alloy, and the compactness of more than 95% can be generated at more than 1250 ℃. Meanwhile, the liquid phase flows into the joint surface of the TiAl alloy and the ceramic material, and a reliable welding joint is generated under the high-temperature condition.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below. It should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The invention provides a preparation method for integrally forming a TiAl alloy and a ceramic material, which is characterized in that a TiAl alloy compact is prepared by using a powder near-net-shape forming technology, a large amount of eutectic liquid phase is formed in the sintering process by adding activated sintering elements such as cobalt, tin and the like into the compact, and the liquid phase generates to promote the sintering of TiAl powder and simultaneously flows into a connecting and bonding surface to realize effective connection. Therefore, the method solves the problem of difficult manufacturing and processing of the TiAl alloy component, realizes more convenient dissimilar material connection, and realizes the manufacture of the TiAl and ceramic dissimilar connection component with short process and low cost.
The production method in the present invention will be described in detail below by way of specific examples.
Example 1:
ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb and Al 2 O 3 Integrally formed ceramic connection
S1: raw material preparation, 1kg of atomized spherical Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb powder (<48 μm), 44g of high-purity cobalt powder, 30g of high-purity tin powder and 10g of heptane-1.5 wt% paraffin solution are weighed. Mixing the powder for 2 hours in a three-dimensional mixer protected by atmosphere;
s2: forming, namely forming the mixed powder into a plate with the thickness of 2cm by cold isostatic pressing, wherein the pressing pressure is 250MPa, and the pressure is maintained for 15 s;
s3: preparing before connection, polishing and flattening the to-be-connected interface of the near-net-shaped powder compact in S2 by using sand paper, and simultaneously, connecting A 2 O 3 And (4) grinding and cleaning the interface of the ceramic plate. The mixed powder of Co powder and Sn powder is spread about 50 μm at the interface; the mass ratio of the Co powder to the Sn powder is 7: 3.
S4: sintering connection, namely placing the to-be-connected piece in the step S3 in a vacuum sintering furnace for sintering at 1300 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2h, and increasing the temperature rate at 2 ℃/min;
s5: and (3) hot isostatic pressing, namely performing non-sheath hot isostatic pressing on the sintered sample in the S4 to eliminate residual pores, wherein the temperature is 1200 ℃, the pressure is 100MPa, and the heat preservation time is 30 min.
Example 2:
ti-45Al-8Nb and ZrO 2 Integrally formed ceramic connection
S1: raw material preparation, 1kg of atomized spherical Ti-45Al-8Nb powder (<48 μm), 22g of high-purity cobalt powder, 9g of high-purity tin powder and 10g of heptane-1.5 wt% paraffin solution are weighed. Mixing the powder for 2 hours in a three-dimensional mixer protected by atmosphere;
s2: forming, namely forming the mixed powder into a plate with the thickness of 2cm by cold isostatic pressing, wherein the pressing pressure is 300MPa, and the pressure is maintained for 15 s;
s3: preparing before connection, polishing and flattening the to-be-connected interface of the near-net-shaped powder compact in S2 by using sand paper, and simultaneously polishing ZrO to be connected 2 And (4) grinding and cleaning the interface of the ceramic plate. Mixed powder of Co powder and Sn powder can be spread at the interface to be about 50 mu m; the mass ratio of the Co powder to the Sn powder is 6: 4.
S4: sintering connection, namely placing the to-be-connected piece in the step S3 in a vacuum sintering furnace to sinter at 1380 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours and increasing the temperature at 1.5 ℃/min;
s5: and (3) hot isostatic pressing, namely performing non-sheath hot isostatic pressing on the sintered sample in S4 to eliminate residual pores, wherein the temperature is 1250 ℃, the pressure is 120MPa, and the heat preservation time is 30 min.
Example 3:
ti-43.5 Al-4 Nb-1 Mo-0.1B (TNM alloy) and Si 3 N 4 Integrally formed connection of ceramics
S1: raw material preparation, 500g of atomized spherical Ti-43.5 Al-4 Nb-1 Mo-0.1B powder (<48 μm), 30g of high-purity cobalt powder, 10g of high-purity tin powder and 10g of ethanol-1.5 wt% nylon solution are weighed. Mixing the powder for 2 hours in a three-dimensional mixer protected by atmosphere;
s2: molding, namely molding (mixing, injecting and degreasing) the mixed powder into a degreased blank of the small blade by injection;
s3: preparing before connection, namely, polishing and flattening the to-be-connected interface of the near-net-shaped blade in S2 by using sand paper, and meanwhile, carrying out Si connection on the to-be-connected blade 3 N 4 Grinding and cleaning the interface of the ceramic plate;
s4: sintering connection, namely placing the to-be-connected piece in the step S3 into a vacuum sintering furnace for sintering at 1350 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, and increasing the temperature rate at 2.5 ℃/min;
s5: and (3) hot isostatic pressing, namely performing capsule-free hot isostatic pressing on the sintered sample in the S4 to eliminate residual pores, wherein the temperature is 1200 ℃, the pressure is 120MPa, and the heat preservation time is 30 min.
The advantages of the preparation process of the present invention will be explained below by comparative experiments.
First, test object
TiAl alloy ceramic welding workpieces prepared in examples 1-3 and TiAl alloy ceramic welding workpieces prepared in comparative examples 1-3; wherein:
comparative example 1:
adopts melt forging of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb and Al 2 O 3 The ceramic is vacuum brazed.
The solder used is Ag-28 Cu (wt.%), the thickness is 100 μm, the vacuum brazing temperature is 900 deg.C, and the time is 30 min.
Comparative example 2:
by adopting melt forging Ti-45Al-8Nb and ZrO 2 And carrying out vacuum brazing connection.
The solder used is Ag-28 Cu (wt.%), the thickness is 100 μm, the vacuum brazing temperature is 900 deg.C, and the time is 30 min.
Comparative example 3:
the method adopts the steps of melt forging Ti-43.5 Al-4 Nb-1 Mo-0.1B (TNM alloy) and Si 3 N 4 The ceramic is vacuum brazed.
The solder used is Ag-28 Cu (wt.%), the thickness is 100 μm, the vacuum brazing temperature is 900 deg.C, and the time is 30 min.
Second, test method
A performance test experiment is carried out on the TiAl alloy ceramic welding parts prepared in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-3 by adopting a conventional detection method in the prior art.
The TiAl alloy is tested for sintering compactness and shear strength of joints.
Wherein the relative density is the actual density of the TiAl alloy/the theoretical density of the alloy.
Third, test results
The test results are detailed in table 1.
TABLE 1 summary of properties of the parts prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3
Group of | Relative density of TiAl alloy (%) | Shear strength at joint (MPa) |
Example 1 | >99 | 25~35 |
Example 2 | >99 | 20~30 |
Example 3 | >99 | 8~15 |
Comparative example 1 | ~100 | 30~40 |
Comparative example 2 | ~100 | 35~45 |
Comparative example 3 | ~100 | 10~20 |
As can be seen from table 1, the compactness of the titanium or titanium alloy product obtained by the preparation method in embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention reaches more than 99%, and although the connection strength is slightly lower than that of the product obtained by the conventional vacuum brazing, the product can completely meet the use requirement.
The main advantages of the invention are mainly reflected in the following points:
1) near net shape of TiAl alloy
Taking the manufacture of a welding composite plate of TiAl alloy and ceramic as an example, the traditional process flow needs to obtain the TiAl alloy by smelting, then the TiAl alloy is manufactured into a plate by cogging forging and sheath rolling, and then the plate is brazed with a ceramic plate in vacuum. The TiAl alloy has large brittleness, extremely difficult hot rolling of plates and extremely low yield, so the whole manufacturing and processing difficulty of the technical process is large. The invention can be formed into a plate by cold pressing of powder, thereby avoiding the processing difficulty of one side of the TiAl alloy.
2) TiAl alloy sintering and vacuum brazing process integrated integration
In the aspect, the excessive liquid phase generated in the liquid phase activation sintering process of the TiAl alloy is innovatively utilized and used as an active solder in the welding process, and meanwhile, the TiAl alloy is densified and connected with a ceramic material. The process avoids secondary heating and additional brazing filler metal in the vacuum brazing process, realizes optimization from two aspects of manufacturing cost and simplified process flow, and has strong application and popularization significance.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. An integrally forming preparation method of a TiAl alloy ceramic welding part is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a powder compact: selecting raw material powder, and preparing a powder compact by using a near-net-shape forming technology; the raw material powder is obtained by mixing TiAl alloy powder, a sintering activating auxiliary agent and a binder; the sintering activating auxiliary agent is mixed powder of Co powder and Sn powder; the mass ratio of the Co powder to the Sn powder is 6-9: 4-1; the molar ratio of the Co powder to all metal elements of the Co powder, the Sn powder and the TiAl alloy powder is 0.5-5%; the molar ratio of the Sn powder to all metal elements of the Co powder, the Sn powder and the TiAl alloy powder is 0.5-5%;
sintering and connecting: sintering the ceramic piece and the powder pressed compact to obtain a connecting piece sample;
hot isostatic pressing; and carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the connecting piece sample to obtain a finished product.
2. The method for integrally forming a TiAl alloy ceramic welded article according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the Co powder is less than or equal to 75 μm, and the particle size of the Sn powder is less than or equal to 48 μm.
3. The method for integrally forming the TiAl alloy ceramic welded part according to claim 1, wherein the sintering treatment process conditions are as follows: the sintering temperature is 1250-1350 ℃, and the sintering time is 1.5-2.5 h.
4. The method for integrally forming the TiAl alloy ceramic welded part according to claim 1, wherein the hot isostatic pressing is carried out under the following process conditions: the temperature is 1050-1250 ℃, the pressure is 75-150 MPa, and the heat preservation time is 30 min-2 h.
5. The method for integrally forming the TiAl alloy ceramic welded article according to claim 1, wherein the near-net-shape forming technique is any one of a die pressing, a cold isostatic pressing and an injection molding process.
6. The method for integrally forming a TiAl alloy ceramic welded part according to claim 1, wherein the TiAl alloy powder is spherical or non-spherical pre-alloy powder, and the particle size of the powder is less than or equal to 75 μm;
the binder is an ethanol-nylon solution or a heptane-paraffin solution;
the ceramic part is A 2 O 3 Ceramic plate, ZrO 2 Ceramic plate or Si 3 N 4 A ceramic plate.
7. The method for integrally forming the TiAl alloy ceramic welded part according to claim 1, further comprising a pre-connection treatment before the sintering connection treatment:
and flattening the interface to be connected of the powder compact and the interface to be connected of the ceramic piece.
8. The method for integrally forming the TiAl alloy ceramic welding workpiece according to claim 7, wherein the interface to be connected is coated with mixed powder of Co powder and Sn powder; the mass ratio of the Co powder to the Sn powder is 6-9: 4-1, wherein the coating thickness of the mixed powder is less than or equal to 100 mu m.
9. A TiAl alloy ceramic welded article, characterized in that the article is prepared by the integral forming method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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JP2769567B2 (en) * | 1987-10-27 | 1998-06-25 | 靖秀 箕西 | Joint of ceramic and metal |
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