CN113172086A - Drip irrigation restoration method for heavy metal polluted agricultural land - Google Patents
Drip irrigation restoration method for heavy metal polluted agricultural land Download PDFInfo
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- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 15
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 15
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- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
A drip irrigation restoration method for heavy metal polluted agricultural land is used for restoring heavy metal pollution of soil and belongs to the field of pollution restoration. The method comprises the following steps: (1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) contaminated soil terrain reconstruction, (2) drip irrigation pipeline laying, (3) management and maintenance, and (4) soil surface layer nursing. According to the invention, through terrain reformation, the heavy metal adsorption solution directly reaches the deep soil layer, heavy metal precipitation of the lower layer is promoted, and the movement of the heavy metal is remarkably settled due to the fluid-shaped adsorption and wrapping of the pectin solution, so that the stability in the alkaline environment of the bottom layer is high, the heavy metal gradually moves to the deep soil along with rainwater leaching, the heavy metal is prevented from diffusing from the lower layer to the upper layer, the concentration difference of the heavy metal of the upper layer and the lower layer is formed, the downward migration of the heavy metal of the surface soil is accelerated, and the purpose of rapidly repairing the heavy metal soil is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
A drip irrigation restoration method for heavy metal polluted agricultural land is used for restoring heavy metal pollution of soil and belongs to the field of pollution restoration.
Background
The heavy metal pollution of the soil is the phenomenon that the heavy metal in the soil is obviously higher than the primary content and causes the quality deterioration of the ecological environment because the metal is added into the soil by the activity of human beings, mainly mercury, arsenic, lead, chromium, cadmium and the like, and the heavy metal pollutes the soil, so that the heavy metal in the soil is obviously higher than the primary content and causes the quality deterioration of the ecological environment, the heavy metal pollution of the soil not only causes the productivity reduction of the soil and the yield reduction of grains, but also can accumulate in plants and animals and enter a food chain, or enter the respiratory tract of a human body through polluted air, and have strong interaction with protein, enzyme and the like after entering the human body, so that the heavy metal pollution of the soil can lose the activity of the grains, and can also accumulate in some organs of the human body and harm the health.
The existing heavy metal contaminated soil is repaired based on the original appearance of the soil, the intervention degree is low, the intervention means is single, the repair progress is slow, and the effect is slow. For example, chemical remediation is performed by directly using a chemical reagent in soil without avoiding air interference and biological influence, so that the actual effect is influenced by factors such as air oxidation, sunlight and ultraviolet rays, and the remediation effect is poor. Therefore, it is necessary to research a systematic remediation method for deeply penetrating into soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a drip irrigation restoration method of heavy metal polluted agricultural land aiming at the defects of the prior art and aiming at the terrain of heavy metal polluted soil and deep insertion of heavy metal polluted soil, so as to solve the problem that the soil restoration flows on the surface and is difficult to take effect quickly, and provide a new idea for soil restoration.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a drip irrigation restoration method for heavy metal polluted agricultural land comprises the following steps:
(1) contaminated soil terrain reconstruction
Excavating planting furrows along the soil terrain by using a large machine, wherein the planting furrows are divided into deep planting furrows and shallow planting furrows, compacting the bottoms of the deep planting furrows, and broadcasting a cushion layer with the thickness of 1-1.5 cm; spreading bamboo powder with the thickness of 2-3cm at the bottom of the shallow planting ditch, and pressing the bamboo powder to be flat front and back;
(2) laying drip irrigation pipeline
Spreading 1-2cm thick alkaline adsorbent in deep planting ditch, spreading 2-3cm thick soil, compacting, mixing soil and charcoal powder at a mass ratio of 1:0.1-0.3, and spreading 2-3cm thick soil; then laying 2-3 drip irrigation pipes at the bottom of the deep planting ditch, scattering straw blasting matters with the thickness of 3-5cm on the surfaces of the drip irrigation pipes, and backfilling the ground by mixing soil and the unripe chicken manure according to the mass ratio of 10:1-1.5 until the ground is smooth;
spreading pomace with the thickness of 2-4cm at the bottom of the shallow planting ditch, spreading decomposed pig manure with the mass of 10-15% of the pomace on the surface of the shallow planting ditch, then spreading mushroom dregs with the thickness of 5-8cm, compacting all filling raw materials, and then laying 3-5 drip irrigation pipes in the shallow planting ditch; backfilling soil to level the ground;
(3) managing maintenance
After all drip irrigation pipes are laid, standing loam for 3-5 days, preparing low-concentration viable bacteria liquid, and carrying out drip irrigation on the soil by using drip irrigation pipes in shallow planting ditches, wherein the dosage is 30-35kg per mu per day; preparing an adsorption solution, and carrying out drip irrigation on the adsorption solution into soil by using a deep planting ditch drip irrigation pipe, wherein the dosage is 20-25kg per mu per day; the drip irrigation time of the deep planting ditch and the shallow planting ditch lasts for 2-3 weeks; in the later time period, 40-60 kg/mu of low-concentration viable bacteria liquid is guaranteed to be dripped in the shallow planting ditches every month, 15-20kg of adsorption solution is guaranteed to be dripped in the deep planting ditches every month, the necessary water is supplemented to the drip irrigation pipes of the deep planting ditches in the rest time period according to the climate conditions, and fertilizers and pesticides are supplemented to the drip irrigation pipes of the shallow planting ditches; the shallow planting ditch drip irrigation pipe supplies oxygen to the soil for 3-5 hours per month, and the oxygen supply mode is that an air compressor is used for sending air into the soil through the drip irrigation pipe; the oxygen supply time is noon in sunny days;
the preparation method of the low-concentration viable bacteria liquid comprises the following steps: mixing 10-15 parts of sucrose and 1200 parts of 1000-plus clear water by mass, adding 3-5 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 1-2 parts of calcium chloride, boiling, standing to the temperature low to room temperature, adding 1-3 parts of ammonium nitrate, uniformly mixing, standing for 10-12min, adding 5-8 parts of EM viable bacteria liquid, and stirring at the stirring speed of 200-plus 250r/min for 20-30min for use;
(4) soil surface layer nursing
Planting bamboo willows on the surface of the shallow planting ditch, wherein the planting distance of the bamboo willows is 1-1.2m, broadcasting rape among the bamboo willow rows, and using earthworms in soil every month, wherein the using method of the earthworms comprises the following steps: mixing the earthworm species with soil according to the mass ratio of 1:30-50 at the beginning of each month, and directly applying the mixture to the root of the bamboo willow in a furrow application mode; the dosage of the earthworms is 10-15 kg/mu; and 300-year rotten pig manure per mu is applied to the soil in a furrow at intervals of 3 months.
Specifically, in the step (1), the deep planting furrows are 55-60cm deep and 30-40cm wide.
Specifically, in the step (1), the depth of the shallow planting furrows is 30-35cm, and the width is 25-30 cm.
Specifically, in the step (1), the distance between the deep planting furrows is 2-2.5 m; 3-5 shallow planting ditches are arranged between the deep planting ditches.
Specifically, in the step (1), the cushion layer is formed by mixing river sand and coal ash in a mass ratio of 1-3: 6-7; the fineness of the river sand is 1-2 mm.
Specifically, in the step (2), the alkaline adsorbent is prepared by mixing calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, nano potassium feldspar powder and wood dust in a mass ratio of 3-5:7-14:13-15: 100-120.
Specifically, in the step (2), the straw explosive is obtained by mixing corn straw and sorghum straw in a mass ratio of 10-14:2-3 and performing high-temperature high-pressure steam explosion.
Specifically, in the step (2), the water content of the mushroom dregs is 10-12%.
Specifically, in the step (3), the preparation method of the adsorption solution comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 1-2 parts of pectin and 400 parts of 300-400 parts of clear water by mass, heating to 50-60 ℃, standing for 10-15min, adding 1-2 parts of sodium sulfide, and uniformly stirring.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, through terrain reformation, the heavy metal adsorption solution directly reaches the deep soil layer, heavy metal precipitation of the lower layer is promoted, and the movement of the heavy metal is remarkably settled due to the fluid-shaped adsorption and wrapping of the pectin solution, so that the stability in the alkaline environment of the bottom layer is high, the heavy metal gradually moves to the deep soil along with rainwater leaching, and the heavy metal is prevented from diffusing from the lower layer to the upper layer.
The invention conveys viable bacteria liquid and nutrients through the drip irrigation pipe of the shallow planting ditch, effectively improves the content of fertilizer effect components in soil, and promotes the enrichment of heavy metals among communities formed by earthworms and bamboo willows. The secretion generated by microbial propagation promotes the dissolution of insoluble heavy metal ions on the surface layer, and when the insoluble heavy metal ions are absorbed by the bamboo willow rape, a part of the dissolved heavy metal ions permeate downwards along with water and are adsorbed and wrapped by the adsorption solution diffused in the deep planting ditch to form the heavy metal concentration difference of the upper layer and the lower layer, so that the downward migration of heavy metal in the surface soil is accelerated, and the purpose of rapidly repairing the heavy metal soil is achieved.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a drip irrigation restoration method for heavy metal polluted agricultural land comprises the following steps:
(1) contaminated soil terrain reconstruction
Excavating a planting ditch along the soil terrain by using a large machine, wherein the planting ditch is divided into a deep planting ditch and a shallow planting ditch, compacting the bottom of the deep planting ditch, and broadcasting a cushion layer with the thickness of 1 cm; spreading bamboo powder with the thickness of 2cm at the bottom of the shallow planting ditch, and pressing the bamboo powder to be flat front and back;
the deep planting ditches are 55cm deep and 30cm wide; the depth of the shallow planting ditch is 30cm, and the width is 25 cm; the distance between the deep planting furrows is 2 m; 3 shallow planting ditches are arranged between the deep planting ditches; the cushion layer is formed by mixing river sand and coal ash in a mass ratio of 1: 6; the fineness of the river sand is 1 mm;
(2) laying drip irrigation pipeline
Spreading 1cm of alkaline adsorbent in deep planting ditch, spreading 2cm of soil, compacting, mixing soil and charcoal powder at a weight ratio of 1:0.1, and spreading 2cm of soil; then laying 2 drip irrigation pipes at the bottom of the deep planting ditch, scattering straw blasting matters with the thickness of 3cm on the surfaces of the drip irrigation pipes, and backfilling the ground by mixing soil and the unripe chicken manure according to the mass ratio of 10:1 until the ground is smooth; the alkaline adsorbent is prepared by mixing calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, nano potassium feldspar powder and wood dust in a mass ratio of 3:7:13: 100; the straw blasting substance is obtained by mixing and high-temperature and high-pressure steam blasting of 10:2 corn and sorghum straws;
spreading pomace with the thickness of 2cm at the bottom of the shallow planting ditch, spreading decomposed pig manure with the mass of 10% of the pomace on the surface of the shallow planting ditch, then spreading mushroom dregs with the thickness of 5cm, compacting all filling raw materials, and then paving 3 drip irrigation pipes in the shallow planting ditch; backfilling soil to level the ground; the water content of the mushroom dregs is 10 percent;
(3) managing maintenance
After all drip irrigation pipes are laid, standing loam for 3 days, preparing low-concentration viable bacteria liquid, and carrying out drip irrigation on the soil by using drip irrigation pipes in shallow planting ditches, wherein the dosage is 30kg per mu per day; preparing an adsorption solution, and carrying out drip irrigation on the adsorption solution into soil by using a deep planting ditch drip irrigation pipe, wherein the dosage is 20kg per mu per day; the drip irrigation time of the deep planting ditches and the shallow planting ditches lasts for 2 weeks; in the later time period, 40 kg/mu of low-concentration viable bacteria liquid is guaranteed to be dripped in the shallow planting furrows every month, 15kg of adsorption solution is guaranteed to be dripped in the deep planting furrows every month, the necessary water is supplemented to the deep planting furrows drip irrigation pipes in the rest time period according to the climate conditions, and fertilizers and pesticides are supplemented to the shallow planting furrows drip irrigation pipes; the shallow planting ditch drip irrigation pipe supplies oxygen to the soil for 3 hours per month, and the oxygen supply mode is that an air compressor is used for sending air into the soil through the drip irrigation pipe; the oxygen supply time is noon in sunny days;
the preparation method of the low-concentration viable bacteria liquid comprises the following steps: mixing 10 parts of sucrose and 1000 parts of clear water by mass, adding 3 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 1 part of calcium chloride, boiling, standing to room temperature, adding 1 part of ammonium nitrate, uniformly mixing, standing for 10min, adding 5 parts of EM viable bacteria liquid, and stirring at a stirring speed of 200r/min for 20 min;
the preparation method of the adsorption solution comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 1 part of pectin and 300 parts of clear water in parts by mass, heating to 50 ℃, standing for 10min, adding 1 part of sodium sulfide, and uniformly stirring;
(4) soil surface layer nursing
Planting bamboo willows on the surface of a shallow planting ditch, wherein the planting distance of the bamboo willows is 1m, broadcasting rape among rows of the bamboo willows, and using earthworms in soil every month, wherein the using method of the earthworms comprises the following steps: mixing the earthworm species with soil according to the mass ratio of 1:30 at the beginning of each month, and directly applying the mixture to the root of the bamboo willow in a furrow application mode; the dosage of the earthworms is 10 kg/mu; and furrow-applying 300 kg/mu of decomposed pig manure in the soil every 3 months.
Example 2:
a drip irrigation restoration method for heavy metal polluted agricultural land comprises the following steps:
(1) contaminated soil terrain reconstruction
Excavating planting furrows along the soil terrain by using a large machine, wherein the planting furrows are divided into deep planting furrows and shallow planting furrows, compacting the bottoms of the deep planting furrows, and broadcasting a cushion layer with the thickness of 1.5 cm; spreading bamboo powder with the thickness of 3cm at the bottom of the shallow planting ditch, and pressing the bamboo powder to be flat front and back;
the deep planting ditches are 60cm deep and 40cm wide; the depth of the shallow planting ditch is 35cm, and the width of the shallow planting ditch is 30 cm; the distance between the deep planting furrows is 2.5 m; 5 shallow planting ditches are arranged between the deep planting ditches; the cushion layer is formed by mixing river sand and coal ash in a mass ratio of 3: 7; the fineness of the river sand is 2 mm;
(2) laying drip irrigation pipeline
Spreading alkaline adsorbent with thickness of 2cm in deep planting ditch, spreading soil with thickness of 3cm, compacting, mixing soil and charcoal powder at a weight ratio of 1:0.3, and spreading soil with thickness of 3 cm; then 3 drip irrigation pipes are laid at the bottom of the deep planting ditch, straw blasting matters with the thickness of 5cm are scattered on the surfaces of the drip irrigation pipes, and soil and the unripe chicken manure are mixed and backfilled according to the mass ratio of 10:1.5 until the ground is smooth; the alkaline adsorbent is prepared by mixing calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, nano potassium feldspar powder and wood dust in a mass ratio of 5:14:15: 120; the straw blasting substance is obtained by mixing and high-temperature and high-pressure steam blasting of corn and sorghum straws in a mass ratio of 14: 3;
spreading pomace with the thickness of 4cm at the bottom of the shallow planting ditch, spreading thoroughly decomposed pig manure with the mass of 15% of the pomace on the surface of the shallow planting ditch, then spreading mushroom dregs with the thickness of 8cm, compacting all filling raw materials, and then paving 5 drip irrigation pipes in the shallow planting ditch; backfilling soil to level the ground; the water content of the mushroom dregs is 12%;
(3) managing maintenance
After all drip irrigation pipes are laid, standing loam for 5 days, preparing low-concentration viable bacteria liquid, and carrying out drip irrigation on the soil by using drip irrigation pipes in shallow planting ditches, wherein the dosage is 35kg per mu per day; preparing an adsorption solution, and carrying out drip irrigation on the adsorption solution into soil by using a deep planting ditch drip irrigation pipe, wherein the dosage is 25kg per mu per day; the drip irrigation time of the deep planting ditches and the shallow planting ditches lasts for 3 weeks; in the later time period, the low-concentration viable bacteria liquid is ensured to be dripped into the shallow planting furrows per month by 60 kg/mu, the absorption solution is ensured to be dripped into the deep planting furrows per month by 20kg, the necessary water is supplemented into the deep planting furrows by the drip irrigation pipes, and the fertilizer and the pesticide are supplemented into the shallow planting furrows by the drip irrigation pipes according to the climatic conditions in the rest time period; the shallow planting ditch drip irrigation pipe supplies oxygen to the soil for 5 hours each month, and the oxygen supply mode is that an air compressor is used for sending air into the soil through the drip irrigation pipe; the oxygen supply time is noon in sunny days;
the preparation method of the low-concentration viable bacteria liquid comprises the following steps: mixing 15 parts of sucrose and 1200 parts of clear water by mass, adding 5 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 2 parts of calcium chloride, boiling, standing to the room temperature, adding 3 parts of ammonium nitrate, uniformly mixing, standing for 12min, adding 8 parts of EM viable bacteria liquid, and stirring at the stirring speed of 250r/min for 30min for use;
the preparation method of the adsorption solution comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 2 parts of pectin and 400 parts of clear water in parts by mass, heating to 60 ℃, standing for 15min, adding 2 parts of sodium sulfide, and uniformly stirring;
(4) soil surface layer nursing
Planting bamboo willows on the surface of the shallow planting ditch, wherein the planting distance of the bamboo willows is 1.2m, broadcasting rape among the bamboo willow rows, and using earthworms in soil every month, wherein the using method of the earthworms comprises the following steps: mixing the earthworm species with soil according to the mass ratio of 1:50 at the beginning of each month, and directly applying the mixture to the root of the bamboo willow in a furrow application mode; the dosage of the earthworms is 15 kg/mu; and furrow-applying 500 kg/mu of decomposed pig manure in the soil every 3 months.
Example 3
A drip irrigation restoration method for heavy metal polluted agricultural land comprises the following steps:
(1) contaminated soil terrain reconstruction
Excavating planting furrows along the soil terrain by using a large machine, wherein the planting furrows are divided into deep planting furrows and shallow planting furrows, compacting the bottoms of the deep planting furrows, and broadcasting a cushion layer with the thickness of 1.3 cm; spreading bamboo powder with the thickness of 3cm at the bottom of the shallow planting ditch, and pressing the bamboo powder to be flat front and back;
the deep planting ditches are 58cm deep and 35cm wide; the depth of the shallow planting ditch is 32cm, and the width of the shallow planting ditch is 30 cm; the distance between the deep planting furrows is 2.5 m; 3 shallow planting ditches are arranged between the deep planting ditches; the cushion layer is formed by mixing river sand and coal ash in a mass ratio of 3: 6; the fineness of the river sand is 2 mm;
(2) laying drip irrigation pipeline
Spreading alkaline adsorbent with thickness of 2cm in deep planting ditch, spreading soil with thickness of 3cm, compacting, mixing soil and charcoal powder at a weight ratio of 1:0.1, and spreading soil with thickness of 3 cm; then 3 drip irrigation pipes are laid at the bottom of the deep planting ditch, straw blasting matters with the thickness of 5cm are scattered on the surfaces of the drip irrigation pipes, and soil and the unripe chicken manure are mixed and backfilled according to the mass ratio of 10:1 until the ground is smooth; the alkaline adsorbent is prepared by mixing calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, nano potassium feldspar powder and wood dust in a mass ratio of 5:7:15: 100; the straw blasting substance is obtained by mixing and high-temperature and high-pressure steam blasting of corn and sorghum straws in a mass ratio of 14: 2;
spreading pomace with the thickness of 4cm at the bottom of the shallow planting ditch, spreading decomposed pig manure with the mass of 10% of the pomace on the surface of the shallow planting ditch, then spreading mushroom dregs with the thickness of 8cm, compacting all filling raw materials, and then paving 3 drip irrigation pipes in the shallow planting ditch; backfilling soil to level the ground; the water content of the mushroom dregs is 12%;
(3) managing maintenance
After all drip irrigation pipes are laid, standing loam for 5 days, preparing low-concentration viable bacteria liquid, and carrying out drip irrigation on the soil by using drip irrigation pipes in shallow planting ditches, wherein the dosage is 35kg per mu per day; preparing an adsorption solution, and carrying out drip irrigation on the adsorption solution into soil by using a deep planting ditch drip irrigation pipe, wherein the dosage is 20kg per mu per day; the drip irrigation time of the deep planting ditches and the shallow planting ditches lasts for 3 weeks; in the later time period, the drip irrigation of the low-concentration viable bacteria liquid in the shallow planting ditches is guaranteed to be 60 kg/mu each month, the drip irrigation of the deep planting ditches is guaranteed to be 15 kg/mu each month, the necessary water is supplemented to the drip irrigation pipes of the deep planting ditches in the rest time period according to the climate conditions, and the fertilizers and the pesticides are supplemented to the drip irrigation pipes of the shallow planting ditches; the shallow planting ditch drip irrigation pipe supplies oxygen to the soil for 5 hours each month, and the oxygen supply mode is that an air compressor is used for sending air into the soil through the drip irrigation pipe; the oxygen supply time is noon in sunny days;
the preparation method of the low-concentration viable bacteria liquid comprises the following steps: mixing 15 parts of sucrose and 1000 parts of clear water by mass, adding 5 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 1 part of calcium chloride, boiling, standing to the room temperature, adding 3 parts of ammonium nitrate, uniformly mixing, standing for 10min, adding 8 parts of EM viable bacteria liquid, and stirring at the stirring speed of 200r/min for 30min for use;
the preparation method of the adsorption solution comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 2 parts of pectin and 300 parts of clear water by mass, heating to 60 ℃, standing for 15min, adding 1 part of sodium sulfide, and uniformly stirring;
(4) soil surface layer nursing
Planting bamboo willows on the surface of the shallow planting ditch, wherein the planting distance of the bamboo willows is 1.2m, broadcasting rape among the bamboo willow rows, and using earthworms in soil every month, wherein the using method of the earthworms comprises the following steps: mixing the earthworm species with soil according to the mass ratio of 1:50 at the beginning of each month, and directly applying the mixture to the root of the bamboo willow in a furrow application mode; the dosage of the earthworms is 10 kg/mu; and furrow-applying 500 kg/mu of decomposed pig manure in the soil every 3 months.
To verify the invention, the following comparative examples were set up:
test examples
Selecting a heavy metal area polluted by zinc smelting, carrying out partition experiments according to examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 of the invention, detecting the cadmium content in rape, detecting the effective cadmium content in the soil surface layer and the effective cadmium content in the soil 80cm deep, and detecting the quantity of actinomycetes on the soil surface layer after two years. The results are as follows:
as can be seen from the table, examples 1 to 3 showed the characteristics of low surface cadmium content and high deep cadmium content, and the cadmium content in the plant was low and the number of actinomycetes on the surface of the soil was large. Obviously, in the method of the invention, heavy metals on the surface layer are migrated downwards while being biologically enriched. In comparative examples 1 to 3, the degree of discrimination of heavy metal content in the surface layer of the deep layer was not high, and it was obvious that the heavy metal ion flow between the upper and lower layers was large, which was not favorable for deposition and biological enrichment.
Claims (9)
1. A drip irrigation restoration method for heavy metal polluted agricultural land is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) contaminated soil terrain reconstruction
Excavating planting furrows along the soil terrain by using a large machine, wherein the planting furrows are divided into deep planting furrows and shallow planting furrows, compacting the bottoms of the deep planting furrows, and broadcasting a cushion layer with the thickness of 1-1.5 cm; spreading bamboo powder with the thickness of 2-3cm at the bottom of the shallow planting ditch, and pressing the bamboo powder to be flat front and back;
(2) laying drip irrigation pipeline
Spreading 1-2cm thick alkaline adsorbent in deep planting ditch, spreading 2-3cm thick soil, compacting, mixing soil and charcoal powder at a mass ratio of 1:0.1-0.3, and spreading 2-3cm thick soil; then laying 2-3 drip irrigation pipes at the bottom of the deep planting ditch, scattering straw blasting matters with the thickness of 3-5cm on the surfaces of the drip irrigation pipes, and backfilling the ground by mixing soil and the unripe chicken manure according to the mass ratio of 10:1-1.5 until the ground is smooth;
spreading pomace with the thickness of 2-4cm at the bottom of the shallow planting ditch, spreading decomposed pig manure with the mass of 10-15% of the pomace on the surface of the shallow planting ditch, then spreading mushroom dregs with the thickness of 5-8cm, compacting all filling raw materials, and then laying 3-5 drip irrigation pipes in the shallow planting ditch; backfilling soil to level the ground;
(3) managing maintenance
After all drip irrigation pipes are laid, standing loam for 3-5 days, preparing low-concentration viable bacteria liquid, and carrying out drip irrigation on the soil by using drip irrigation pipes in shallow planting ditches, wherein the dosage is 30-35kg per mu per day; preparing an adsorption solution, and carrying out drip irrigation on the adsorption solution into soil by using a deep planting ditch drip irrigation pipe, wherein the dosage is 20-25kg per mu per day; the drip irrigation time of the deep planting ditch and the shallow planting ditch lasts for 2-3 weeks; in the later time period, 40-60 kg/mu of low-concentration viable bacteria liquid is guaranteed to be dripped in the shallow planting ditches every month, 15-20kg of adsorption solution is guaranteed to be dripped in the deep planting ditches every month, the necessary water is supplemented to the drip irrigation pipes of the deep planting ditches in the rest time period according to the climate conditions, and fertilizers and pesticides are supplemented to the drip irrigation pipes of the shallow planting ditches; the shallow planting ditch drip irrigation pipe supplies oxygen to the soil for 3-5 hours per month, and the oxygen supply mode is that an air compressor is used for sending air into the soil through the drip irrigation pipe; the oxygen supply time is noon in sunny days;
the preparation method of the low-concentration viable bacteria liquid comprises the following steps: mixing 10-15 parts of sucrose and 1200 parts of 1000-plus clear water by mass, adding 3-5 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 1-2 parts of calcium chloride, boiling, standing to the temperature low to room temperature, adding 1-3 parts of ammonium nitrate, uniformly mixing, standing for 10-12min, adding 5-8 parts of EM viable bacteria liquid, and stirring at the stirring speed of 200-plus 250r/min for 20-30min for use;
(4) soil surface layer nursing
Planting bamboo willows on the surface of the shallow planting ditch, wherein the planting distance of the bamboo willows is 1-1.2m, broadcasting rape among the bamboo willow rows, and using earthworms in soil every month, wherein the using method of the earthworms comprises the following steps: mixing the earthworm species with soil according to the mass ratio of 1:30-50 at the beginning of each month, and directly applying the mixture to the root of the bamboo willow in a furrow application mode; the dosage of the earthworms is 10-15 kg/mu; and 300-year rotten pig manure per mu is applied to the soil in a furrow at intervals of 3 months.
2. The drip irrigation restoration method for heavy metal polluted agricultural land according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the deep planting ditches are 55-60cm deep and 30-40cm wide.
3. The drip irrigation restoration method for heavy metal polluted agricultural land according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the depth of the shallow planting ditch is 30-35cm, and the width is 25-30 cm.
4. The drip irrigation restoration method for heavy metal polluted agricultural land according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the distance between the deep planting furrows is 2-2.5 m; 3-5 shallow planting ditches are arranged between the deep planting ditches.
5. The drip irrigation restoration method for heavy metal polluted agricultural land according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the cushion layer is formed by mixing river sand and coal ash in a mass ratio of 1-3: 6-7; the fineness of the river sand is 1-2 mm.
6. The drip irrigation restoration method for heavy metal polluted agricultural land according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), the alkaline adsorbent is prepared by mixing calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, nano potassium feldspar powder and wood dust in a mass ratio of 3-5:7-14:13-15: 100-120.
7. The drip irrigation restoration method for heavy metal polluted agricultural land according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), the straw blasting substance is obtained by mixing the corn straw and the sorghum straw in a mass ratio of 10-14:2-3 and performing high-temperature high-pressure steam blasting.
8. The drip irrigation restoration method for heavy metal polluted agricultural land according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), the water content of the mushroom dregs is 10-12%.
9. The drip irrigation restoration method for heavy metal polluted agricultural land according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), the preparation method of the adsorption solution comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 1-2 parts of pectin and 400 parts of 300-400 parts of clear water by mass, heating to 50-60 ℃, standing for 10-15min, adding 1-2 parts of sodium sulfide, and uniformly stirring.
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