CN113155692B - Atmospheric comprehensive detection system and method based on continuously adjustable small-angle scattering spectrum - Google Patents
Atmospheric comprehensive detection system and method based on continuously adjustable small-angle scattering spectrum Download PDFInfo
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- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
An atmospheric integrated detection system based on continuously adjustable small angle scattering spectrum, comprising: the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem is used for acquiring a sunlight small-angle scattering spectrum; the macroscopic detection subsystem is used for acquiring the direct sunlight spectrum; the direction control subsystem is connected with the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem and is used for controlling the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem to face the sun; the detection host is connected with the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem and is used for obtaining an aerosol particle spectrum according to the sunlight small-angle scattering spectrum and obtaining an atmospheric gas component according to the sunlight direct spectrum. The invention provides an atmosphere comprehensive detection system and a detection method, which can realize comprehensive automatic detection of aerosol, thin cloud and atmosphere components.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of atmosphere detection, in particular to an atmosphere comprehensive detection system and method based on a continuously adjustable small-angle scattering spectrum.
Background
The atmosphere is air surrounding the earth, and the components of the atmosphere are complex, and besides high content of nitrogen and oxygen, the atmosphere also contains a large amount of aerosol and other gases, and the aerosol and other gases have great influence on weather, climate prediction, global water circulation, human health, the earth environment and the like, so that the components of the atmosphere need to be detected to better protect the earth environment and the human health.
Aerosol refers to a gaseous dispersion system of solid or liquid particles suspended in a gaseous medium. PM2.5 and PM10 commonly used in environmental monitoring are one representation method of aerosol concentration in the atmosphere, wherein PM2.5 represents aerosol particles with aerosol particle diameters smaller than 2.5 microns, and PM10 represents aerosol particles with aerosol particle diameters smaller than 10 microns. In the prior art, a gamma ray method or an oscillating balance method is mostly adopted to detect aerosol in the atmosphere, and the two methods are weight-based measurement methods and only can give total aerosol with the diameter of less than 2.5 microns or less than 10 microns. The number of aerosol particles with different particle diameters, namely the distribution form of an aerosol particle spectrum, cannot be distinguished, but the aerosol particle spectrum and the optical characteristics thereof are important parameters for describing the physical and radiation characteristics of the aerosol, and are also important input parameters in an environment prediction model, so that the real situation of the aerosol cannot be well detected by adopting a gamma ray method or an oscillation balance method.
In order to solve the deficiencies of the gamma ray method or the oscillating balance method, some aerosol particle spectrum measuring methods are generated in the prior art, and the methods can be roughly divided into two types, namely an optical method, an intensity estimation of laser at different angles is measured by introducing airflow into a laser cavity, and a dynamic method, and the measurement is performed by introducing airflow into a group of filter membranes with different pore sizes. These measurement methods can only obtain aerosol particle spectra at the measurement location, and are poor in spatial representativeness and costly. In fact, the scattering of solar light by aerosol particles is related to the size of the aerosol particles and the measurement wavelength in different directions, so that this property can be exploited to detect the particle spectrum of an aerosol by acquiring a small angle scattering spectrum in the vicinity of the solar direction. At present, a solar light detection device such as a solar photometer can only realize measurement of direct sunlight or a certain angle, the instrument view angle is fixed and can not be changed according to requirements, measurement of different angles can only be realized by a scanning mode, and small-angle scattering measurement required by aerosol spectrum measurement can not be realized.
In addition, the existing various detection devices can only detect a single component of the atmosphere, and if the comprehensive detection of the atmosphere is required, a plurality of different devices are required to be used simultaneously, so that the detection efficiency is low and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the atmosphere comprehensive detection system and the method based on the continuously adjustable small-angle scattering spectrum, which can realize the comprehensive automatic detection of the atmosphere, thereby simplifying the detection process and reducing the detection cost.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following specific scheme: an atmospheric integrated detection system based on continuously adjustable small angle scattering spectrum, comprising: the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem is used for acquiring a sunlight small-angle scattering spectrum; the macroscopic detection subsystem is used for acquiring the direct sunlight spectrum; the direction control subsystem is connected with the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem and is used for controlling the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem to face the sun; the detection host is connected with the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem and is used for obtaining an aerosol particle spectrum according to the sunlight small-angle scattering spectrum and obtaining an atmospheric gas component according to the sunlight direct spectrum.
As a further optimization of the above-described integrated detection system for the atmosphere based on continuously adjustable small angle scattering spectra: the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem comprises a small-angle scattering front-end optical telescope, wherein the small-angle scattering front-end optical telescope comprises a first depth cut-off filter, an adjustable aperture, a first cementing lens, a first view field diaphragm and a first reflecting mirror which are sequentially arranged, a first spectrometer is arranged in the emergent direction of the first reflecting mirror, and the first spectrometer is electrically connected with the detection host.
As a further optimization of the above-described integrated detection system for the atmosphere based on continuously adjustable small angle scattering spectra: the first spectrometer is arranged in one of the emergent directions of the first beam splitter, and the first monitoring camera is arranged in the other emergent direction of the first beam splitter.
As a further optimization of the above-described integrated detection system for the atmosphere based on continuously adjustable small angle scattering spectra: the macroscopic detection subsystem comprises a solar optical telescope, the solar optical telescope comprises a second depth cut-off filter, a second cemented lens, a second view field diaphragm and a second reflecting mirror which are sequentially arranged, a second spectrometer is arranged in the emergent direction of the second reflecting mirror, and the second spectrometer is electrically connected with the detection host.
As a further optimization of the above-described integrated detection system for the atmosphere based on continuously adjustable small angle scattering spectra: the second beam splitter is arranged in the emergent direction of the second reflecting mirror, the second spectrometer is arranged in one emergent direction of the second beam splitter, and the second monitoring camera is arranged in the other emergent direction of the second beam splitter.
As a further optimization of the above-described integrated detection system for the atmosphere based on continuously adjustable small angle scattering spectra: the direction control subsystem comprises an environment sensing module and an action executing mechanism, the environment sensing module comprises a position sensing unit and a weather sensing unit, the position sensing unit and the weather sensing unit are electrically connected with the detection host, and the action executing mechanism is connected with the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem.
As a further optimization of the above-described integrated detection system for the atmosphere based on continuously adjustable small angle scattering spectra: the position sensing unit comprises a GPS sub-module, and the weather sensing unit comprises a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an air pressure sensor and a rain sensor.
As a further optimization of the above-described integrated detection system for the atmosphere based on continuously adjustable small angle scattering spectra: the action actuating mechanism comprises a first pitching driving device and a second pitching driving device, the first pitching driving device is in driving connection with a first hollow pitching rotating shaft, the first hollow pitching rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem, the second pitching driving device is in driving connection with a second hollow pitching rotating shaft, and the second hollow pitching rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the aerosol macroscopic detection system.
As a further optimization of the above-described integrated detection system for the atmosphere based on continuously adjustable small angle scattering spectra: the action executing mechanism comprises a supporting base, an azimuth driving device is fixedly arranged on the supporting base, and the azimuth driving device is in driving connection with the first pitching driving device and the second pitching driving device.
The atmosphere comprehensive detection method based on the continuously adjustable small-angle scattering spectrum comprises the following steps of:
s1, adjusting the directions of the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem by utilizing the direction control subsystem to enable the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem to face the sun;
s2, acquiring the sunlight small-angle scattering spectrum by utilizing an aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and acquiring the sunlight direct spectrum by utilizing a macroscopic detection subsystem;
s3, the detection host obtains the aerosol particle spectrum according to the sunlight small-angle scattering spectrum, and obtains the atmospheric gas component according to the sunlight direct spectrum.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention can acquire the adjacent solar small angle scattering spectrum with adjustable step length within the range of 0.9-5 degrees in real time, thereby accurately acquiring the aerosol particle spectrum; the invention can also realize inversion of components of atmospheric gas such as water vapor content, ozone and the like; the invention has the functions of sun accurate tracking and rainy day sensing, thereby realizing automatic observation without manual participation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the detection system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a low angle scattering front-end optical telescope;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a solar optical telescope.
Description of the drawings: the optical system comprises a 1-small angle scattering front-end optical telescope, a 2-first hollow pitching rotating shaft, a 3-first pitching driving device, a 4-first monitoring camera, a 5-first beam splitter, a 6-first spectrometer, a 7-mounting support platform, an 8-second spectrometer, a 9-solar optical telescope, a 10-second beam splitter, a 11-second pitching driving device, a 12-packaging box, a 13-second hollow pitching rotating shaft, a 14-second monitoring camera, a 15-azimuth driving device, a 16-wire connecting port, a 17-support base, a 18-environment sensing module, a 19-data acquisition module, a 20-detecting host, a 21-first window piece, a 22-first depth cut-off filter, a 23-adjustable aperture, a 24-first cemented lens, a 25-adjustable aperture, a 26-first field stop, a 27-first reflector, a 28-reflector bracket, a 29-lens barrel, a 30-second window piece, a 31-second depth cut-off filter, a 32-second cemented lens, a 33-second field stop and a 34-second reflector.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the integrated atmospheric detection system based on continuously adjustable small angle scattering spectrum includes an aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem, a macro detection subsystem, a direction control subsystem and a detection host 20.
And the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem is used for acquiring a sunlight small-angle scattering spectrum.
And the macroscopic detection subsystem is used for acquiring the direct sunlight spectrum.
The direction control subsystem is connected with the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem and is used for controlling the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem to face the sun.
The detection host 20 is connected with the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem, and is used for obtaining an aerosol particle spectrum according to the sunlight low-angle scattering spectrum and obtaining atmospheric gas components according to the sunlight direct spectrum.
When the detection is performed, the direction control subsystem is used for controlling the directions of the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem, so that the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem point to the sun, then the sunlight small-angle scattering spectrum is obtained by the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem, the sunlight direct spectrum is obtained by the macroscopic detection subsystem, then the aerosol particle spectrum is obtained by the detection host 20 according to the sunlight small-angle scattering spectrum, and the atmospheric gas component is obtained according to the sunlight direct spectrum, so that the comprehensive detection of the atmosphere is realized.
The specific structure of the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem is as follows: the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem comprises a small-angle scattering front-end optical telescope 1, the small-angle scattering front-end optical telescope 1 comprises a first depth cut-off filter 22, an adjustable aperture 23, a first cemented lens 24, a first field diaphragm 26 and a first reflecting mirror 27 which are sequentially arranged, a first spectrometer 6 is arranged in the emergent direction of the first reflecting mirror 27, and the first spectrometer 6 is electrically connected with a detection host 20. Wherein the first depth cut-off filter 22 is used for selecting a measurable spectral range, the adjustable aperture 23 is used for controlling the light quantity, the adjustable aperture 23 is connected with an adjustable aperture driving device 25, the first cemented lens 24 is used for eliminating chromatic aberration, the first field stop 26 is used for controlling the angle of view, and the first reflecting mirror 27 is used for changing the light path to enable light to enter the first spectrometer 6. By controlling the first field stop 26, a large-range, adjustable-step solar small-angle scattering spectrum can be obtained, and further, an aerosol particle spectrum can be obtained by changing the solar small-angle scattering spectrum along with the scattering angle. In order to protect the small-angle scattering front-end optical telescope 1, a first window sheet 21 is arranged at the incident end of the small-angle scattering front-end optical telescope 1, and a shielding sheet is detachably connected to the first window sheet 21.
In order to precisely control the angle of view and thereby improve the accuracy of the aerosol particle spectrum, the first beam splitter 5 is disposed in the exit direction of the first mirror 27, the first spectrometer 6 is disposed in one of the exit directions of the first beam splitter 5, and the first monitoring camera 4 is disposed in the other exit direction of the first beam splitter 5. The light reflected by the first reflecting mirror 27 can be guided into the first monitoring camera 4 through the first beam splitter 5, and then the precise calculation of the angle of view is performed through the first monitoring camera 4, so that the precision of the angle of view is maintained in the whole detection process, and finally the effect of improving the spectrum precision of aerosol particles is realized.
The specific structure of the macroscopic detection subsystem is as follows: the macroscopic detection subsystem comprises a solar optical telescope 9, the solar optical telescope 9 comprises a second depth cut-off filter 31, a second cemented lens 32, a second view field diaphragm 33 and a second reflecting mirror 34 which are sequentially arranged, a second spectrometer 8 is arranged in the emergent direction of the second reflecting mirror 34, and the second spectrometer 8 is electrically connected with the detection host 20. The second depth cut filter 31 has a spectral range which can be measured and selected, the second cemented lens 32 is used to eliminate chromatic aberration, the second field stop 33 is used to control the angle of view, and the second mirror 34 is used to change the optical path to allow light to enter the second spectrometer 8. In order to protect the solar optical telescope 9, a second window sheet 30 is arranged at the incident end of the solar optical telescope 9, and a shielding sheet is detachably connected to the second window sheet 30.
In order to accurately monitor the result of the control of the angle of view of the second-duration optical cable 33, the second beam splitter 10 is disposed in the outgoing direction of the second reflecting mirror 34, the second spectrometer 8 is disposed in one outgoing direction of the second beam splitter 10, and the second monitoring camera 14 is disposed in the other outgoing direction of the second beam splitter 10. The light reflected by the second reflection pair 34 can be guided into the second monitoring camera 14 through the second beam splitter 10, so that the angle of view is precisely controlled through the second monitoring camera 14, and the accuracy of the atmospheric gas component is finally improved.
Still further, the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem each comprise a lens barrel 29 for accommodating each optical device, a reflector 28 support is fixedly arranged in the lens barrel 29, the first reflector 27 or the second reflector 34 is arranged on the reflector support 28, the angle of the first reflector 27 or the second reflector 34 can be adjusted through the reflector support 28 to meet the detection requirement, the reflector support 28 can comprise a connecting rod fixedly connected with the inner wall of the lens barrel 29 and a supporting rod rotationally connected with the connecting rod, and the supporting rod is used for being connected with the reflector.
The specific structure of the direction control subsystem is as follows: the direction control subsystem comprises an environment sensing module 18 and an action executing mechanism, the environment sensing module 18 comprises a position sensing unit and a weather sensing unit, the position sensing unit and the weather sensing unit are electrically connected with a detection host 20, and the action executing mechanism is connected with the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem. The weather sensing unit is used for sensing whether the current environment is suitable for detection, the detection process is only carried out when the environment is suitable, the detection is stopped when the environment is unsuitable for protecting the system, and the position sensing unit is used for sensing the position of the system, so that the detection host 20 can judge the current sun azimuth according to the position information, and further the directions of the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem are controlled through the action executing mechanism.
The specific structure of the environmental sensing module 18 is: the position sensing unit comprises a GPS sub-module, and the weather sensing unit comprises a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an air pressure sensor and a rain sensor. The weather sensing unit can judge whether the weather sensing unit is in a rainy day currently, if the weather sensing unit is not in a rainy day currently, the GPS submodule collects current position information and time of the system, then the detection host 20 obtains solar position information according to the position information and the time, and further the action executing mechanism is controlled to control the directions of the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem according to the solar position information. If it is rainy days, the detection host 20 controls the action executing mechanism to retract the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem so as to protect the small-angle scattering front optical telescope 1 and the solar optical telescope 9 from being damaged by rain erosion.
The specific structure of the action executing mechanism is as follows: the action actuating mechanism comprises a first pitching driving device 3 and a second pitching driving device 11, the first pitching driving device 3 is in driving connection with a first hollow pitching rotating shaft 2, the first hollow pitching rotating shaft 2 is fixedly connected with the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem, the second pitching driving device 11 is in driving connection with a second hollow pitching rotating shaft 13, and the second hollow pitching rotating shaft 13 is fixedly connected with the aerosol macroscopic detection system. The first pitching driving device 3 and the second pitching driving device 11 respectively control the angles of the first hollow pitching rotating shaft 2 and the second hollow pitching rotating shaft 13, so that the angles of the small-angle scattering front-end optical telescope 1 and the solar optical telescope 9 are adjusted. The first pitch drive 3 and the second pitch drive 11 may each be provided as motors. The first hollow pitch rotation shaft 2 and the second hollow pitch rotation shaft 13 are provided in a hollow structure, which can reduce the weight, and further reduce the load of the first pitch drive device 3 and the second pitch drive device 11.
In order to ensure that the small-angle scattering front-end optical telescope 1 and the solar optical telescope 9 can accurately point to the sun, the action executing mechanism comprises a supporting base 17, an azimuth driving device 15 is fixedly arranged on the supporting base 17, and the azimuth driving device 15 is in driving connection with the first pitching driving device 3 and the second pitching driving device 11. The azimuth driving device 15 is used for adjusting azimuth angles of the small-angle scattering front-end optical telescope 1 and the solar optical telescope 9, and is matched with the first pitching driving device 3 and the second pitching driving device 11, so that pitch angles of the small-angle scattering front-end optical telescope 1 and the solar optical telescope 9 can be adjusted, and through double adjustment of the azimuth angles and the pitch angles, the small-angle scattering front-end optical telescope 1 and the solar optical telescope 9 can be ensured to accurately point to the sun. The azimuth drive means 15 may also be provided as a motor. The azimuth driving device 15 is in driving connection with the installation supporting platform 17, the installation supporting platform 17 is fixedly connected with the packaging box 12, the action executing mechanism is arranged in the packaging box 12, and the first hollow pitching rotating shaft 2 and the second hollow pitching rotating shaft 13 extend out of the packaging box 12, so that the action executing mechanism is protected by the packaging box 12, and the action executing mechanism is prevented from being corroded and damaged by the external environment.
The support base 17 is provided with a wire connection port 16, the wire connection port 16 is electrically connected with the first spectrometer 6, the second spectrometer 8, the first monitoring camera 4, the second monitoring camera 14, the first pitching driving device 3, the second pitching driving device 11 and the azimuth driving device 15 through a data acquisition module 19, and the detection host 20 is connected with the wire connection port 16 when the detection host is used. By providing the line connection port 16, the detection host 20 can be a portable computer, thereby improving the flexibility of the system.
Three examples of the invention are provided below.
In the first embodiment, the measurable spectral ranges of the first depth cut filter 22 and the second depth cut filter 31 are selected to be 340-1100 nm, the adjustment angle of view of the first field stop 26 is in the range of 0.9-5 degrees, and the step size is 0.5 degrees. Detection of aerosol particle spectra and aerogel optical thickness and moisture content can be achieved.
In the second embodiment, the first depth cut filter 22 has a measurable spectral range of 340-1100 nm, the second depth cut filter 31 has a measurable spectral range of 280-450 nm, and the second spectrometer 8 has a spectral resolution up to 0.2nm, which can detect aerosol particle spectrum and extract atmospheric O 3 、NO 2 And SO 2 The content of the components.
In the third embodiment, the measurable spectral range of the second depth cut filter 31 is selected to be 1100-1700 nm, and the spectral resolution of the second spectrometer 8 is increased to 0.5nm, so that the aerogel particle spectrum can be detected, and the CO in the atmosphere can be extracted 2 、CH 4 Column content.
The atmosphere comprehensive detection method based on the continuously adjustable small-angle scattering spectrum comprises S1 to S3.
S1, the direction control subsystem is utilized to adjust the directions of the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem, so that the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem face the sun.
S2, acquiring a sunlight small-angle scattering spectrum by utilizing an aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and acquiring a sunlight direct spectrum by utilizing a macroscopic detection subsystem.
And S3, the detection host 20 obtains an aerosol particle spectrum according to the sunlight small-angle scattering spectrum, and obtains an atmospheric gas component according to the sunlight direct spectrum.
In summary, the invention can detect aerosol and gas components in the atmosphere at the same time, wherein the detection of the aerosol can obtain data such as aerosol particle spectrum and aerosol optical thickness, and the targets for detecting the gas components comprise O 3 、NO 2 、SO 2 、CO 2 And CH (CH) 4 And the like, the detection objects are various, the atmospheric detection process can be greatly simplified, the detection cost is reduced, and in addition, the invention also has the functions of precisely tracking the sun and sensing in rainy days, thereby realizing automatic observation without manual participation, and further reducing the complexity of the atmospheric detection process.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (2)
1. Atmospheric integrated detection system based on continuously adjustable small angle scattering spectrum, which is characterized by comprising:
the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem is used for acquiring a sunlight small-angle scattering spectrum;
the macroscopic detection subsystem is used for acquiring the direct sunlight spectrum;
the direction control subsystem is connected with the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem and is used for controlling the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem to face the sun;
the detection host (20) is connected with the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem and is used for obtaining an aerosol particle spectrum according to the sunlight small-angle scattering spectrum and obtaining an atmospheric gas component according to the sunlight direct spectrum;
the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem comprises a small-angle scattering front-end optical telescope (1), wherein the small-angle scattering front-end optical telescope (1) comprises a first depth cut-off filter (22), an adjustable optical ring (23), a first cementing lens (24), a first view field diaphragm (26) and a first reflecting mirror (27) which are sequentially arranged, a first spectrometer (6) is arranged in the emergent direction of the first reflecting mirror (27), and the first spectrometer (6) is electrically connected with the detection host (20);
the macroscopic detection subsystem comprises a solar optical telescope (9), the solar optical telescope (9) comprises a second depth cut-off filter (31), a second cemented lens (32), a second view field diaphragm (33) and a second reflecting mirror (34) which are sequentially arranged, a second spectrometer (8) is arranged in the emergent direction of the second reflecting mirror (34), and the second spectrometer (8) is electrically connected with the detection host (20);
the measurable spectral range of the first depth cut filter (22) is selected to be 340-1100 nm,
the measurable spectral range of the second depth cut-off filter (31) is 280-1100 nm, the adjusting angle of view of the first field stop (26) is 0.9-5 DEG, the step length is 0.5 DEG, and the spectral resolution of the second spectrometer (8) is 0.2nm;
a first beam splitter (5) is arranged in the emergent direction of the first reflecting mirror (27), the first spectrometer (6) is arranged in one emergent direction of the first beam splitter (5), and a first monitoring camera (4) is arranged in the other emergent direction of the first beam splitter (5);
the second beam splitter (10) is arranged in the emergent direction of the second reflecting mirror (34), the second spectrometer (8) is arranged in one emergent direction of the second beam splitter (10), and the second monitoring camera (14) is arranged in the other emergent direction of the second beam splitter (10);
the direction control subsystem comprises an environment sensing module (18) and an action executing mechanism, the environment sensing module (18) comprises a position sensing unit and a weather sensing unit, the position sensing unit and the weather sensing unit are electrically connected with the detection host (20), and the action executing mechanism is connected with the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem;
the position sensing unit comprises a GPS sub-module, and the weather sensing unit comprises a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an air pressure sensor and a rain sensor;
the action executing mechanism comprises a first pitching driving device (3) and a second pitching driving device (11), the first pitching driving device (3) is in driving connection with a first hollow pitching rotating shaft (2), the first hollow pitching rotating shaft (2) is fixedly connected with the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem, the second pitching driving device (11) is in driving connection with a second hollow pitching rotating shaft (13), and the second hollow pitching rotating shaft (13) is fixedly connected with the macroscopic detection subsystem;
the motion executing mechanism comprises a supporting base (17), an azimuth driving device (15) is fixedly arranged on the supporting base (17), and the azimuth driving device (15) is in driving connection with the first pitching driving device (3) and the second pitching driving device (11).
2. The method for comprehensively detecting the atmosphere based on the continuously adjustable small-angle scattering spectrum is based on the system for comprehensively detecting the atmosphere based on the continuously adjustable small-angle scattering spectrum according to claim 1, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, adjusting the directions of the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem by utilizing the direction control subsystem to enable the aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and the macroscopic detection subsystem to face the sun;
s2, acquiring the sunlight small-angle scattering spectrum by utilizing an aerosol particle spectrum detection subsystem and acquiring the sunlight direct spectrum by utilizing a macroscopic detection subsystem;
s3, the detection host (20) obtains the aerosol particle spectrum according to the sunlight small-angle scattering spectrum, and obtains the atmospheric gas component according to the sunlight direct spectrum.
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