CN113149772A - Special compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer for corn and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer for corn and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113149772A CN113149772A CN202110577854.6A CN202110577854A CN113149772A CN 113149772 A CN113149772 A CN 113149772A CN 202110577854 A CN202110577854 A CN 202110577854A CN 113149772 A CN113149772 A CN 113149772A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer special for corn, which comprises straws, corncobs, wheat bran, plant ash, vinasse, shrimp shell powder, betaine, polyacrylamide, compound microbial bacteria, a leaven and brassinolide. The fertilizer can improve soil, improve soil physical and chemical properties, enhance the water retention, fertilizer retention and fertilizer supply capacity of the soil, and improve the fertilizer absorption effect of corn. The fertilizer can effectively protect crops, reduce diseases and improve the resistance of the crops to diseases such as diseases, insects, drought, cold and the like. The fertilizer improves the grain number per ear, grain weight per ear and yield of the corn for seed production, and improves the resource utilization rate. The invention has rich oxygen content matched with the components, easily obtained raw materials, simple preparation, waste utilization, pollution reduction and ecological environmental protection promotion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer special for corn and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Corn is an annual herbaceous plant of the genus zea of the family poaceae. Alias: corn, corn and rice. Corn is an annual cross-pollinated plant with the same male and female plants, has tall and big plants and strong stems, is an important food crop and feed crop, is also the crop with the highest total yield all over the world, and has the planting area and the total yield which are second to rice and wheat. Corn has been praised as a long-life food all the time, contains rich protein, fat, vitamins, trace elements, cellulose and the like, and has great potential for developing high-nutrition and high-biological function food
Rust disease, banded sclerotial blight and leaf spot of corn crops are common diseases of corn crops, and the conventional main control method for the diseases is still the traditional pesticide control method. In the corn planting process, fertilization is one of the most important agricultural production measures, but over fertilization, single fertilization and partial application of nitrogen fertilizer lead to the problems of soil nutrient imbalance, fertilizer utilization rate reduction, agricultural environment pollution and the like for a long time. The contribution rate of the fertilizer to crops is only about 30%, the more the fertilizing amount is, the lower the fertilizer utilization rate is, and the redundant fertilizer remains in the soil to form part of agricultural pollution: along with the rainwater flowing into rivers and lakes, the eutrophication phenomenon can be caused; the leakage into the groundwater will pollute the groundwater.
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is to provide the microbial fertilizer which can effectively improve the corn yield, does not cause pollution and can improve the corn disease resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a special compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer for corn and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer special for the corn comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of straw, 5-10 parts of corncob, 15-20 parts of wheat bran, 5-8 parts of plant ash, 10-15 parts of vinasse, 10-15 parts of shrimp shell powder, 1-3 parts of betaine, 1-3 parts of polyacrylamide, 5-8 parts of compound microorganism bacteria, 1-3 parts of leavening agent and 0.1-0.3 part of brassinolide.
Further, the straw is corn straw and/or soybean straw.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the straws adopted by the invention have wide sources and large quantity, and the straws adopted by the invention contain cellulose, hemicellulose and pentosan, and in addition, the straws also contain 10-12% of protein content, so that various growth elements can be provided for corn, the corn growth is promoted, and the disease resistance of the corn is improved.
Further, the compound microorganism bacteria comprise saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis and azotobacter chroococcum.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the yeast, the bacillus subtilis and the azotobacter chroococcum is 1:1: 1.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the compound microorganism bacteria adopted by the invention reduce the erosion of pathogenic bacteria to the corn through the synergistic effect of the three, thereby improving the disease resistance of the corn and improving the economic effect.
Further, the leavening agent is EM stock solution.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the leavening agent adopted by the invention can improve the fermentation effect of the compound microorganism bacterium agent, thereby enhancing the action capacity of the compound microorganism bacterium agent and further improving the corn yield and the disease resistance.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the special compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer for corn, which comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials in parts by weight;
(2) crushing straws to obtain straw sections with the length of 3-5cm, and crushing corncobs into blocks with the length of 0.5-1 cm;
(3) mixing the vinasse, the shrimp shell powder, the compound microorganism bacteria and the leavening agent, and performing composting fermentation to obtain a fermented product;
(4) adding straw segments, corncobs, wheat bran and plant ash into the fermentation product, performing secondary composting fermentation, and drying and crushing the secondary fermentation product;
(5) and adding betaine, polyacrylamide and brassinolide into the crushed secondary fermentation product, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain the special compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer for the corn.
Further, the fermentation temperature in the step (3) is 35-60 ℃, and the fermentation time is 10-15 days.
Further, the secondary fermentation temperature in the step (4) is 30-55 ℃, and the fermentation time is 10-15 d.
Further, in the step (4), the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the drying time is 3-5 h; the crushed particle size is 40-60 meshes.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the substances in the raw materials can be fully decomposed through secondary fermentation, and the absorption utilization rate of the corn on the limited raw materials is further improved.
Further, in the step (5), the stirring speed is 150-200r/min, and the stirring time is 30-60 min.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the betaine, the polyacrylamide and the brassinolide are added into the secondary fermentation product, so that the fertilizing amount can be effectively reduced, the corn development is promoted, and meanwhile, the betaine and the polyacrylamide are added, so that the soil structure can be improved, the fertilizer is in more sufficient contact with the root of a corn plant, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the fertilizer can improve soil, improve soil physical and chemical properties, enhance the water retention, fertilizer retention and fertilizer supply capacity of the soil, and improve the fertilizer absorption effect of corn. The fertilizer can effectively protect crops, reduce diseases and improve the resistance of the crops to diseases such as diseases, insects, drought, cold and the like. The fertilizer improves the grain number per ear, grain weight per ear and yield of the corn for seed production, and improves the resource utilization rate. The invention has rich oxygen content matched with the components, easily obtained raw materials, simple preparation, waste utilization, pollution reduction and ecological environmental protection promotion.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following embodiment of the invention, the composite microbial bacteria comprise saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis and azotobacter chroococcum in a mass ratio of 1:1: 1.
Example 1
The compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer special for corn:
(1) weighing 15kg of corn straw, 10kg of corncob, 15kg of wheat bran, 8kg of plant ash, 10kg of vinasse, 15kg of shrimp shell powder, 1kg of betaine, 3kg of polyacrylamide, 8kg of compound microorganism bacteria, 1kg of EM stock solution and 0.1kg of brassinolide;
(2) crushing straws to obtain straw sections with the length of 3-5cm, and crushing corncobs into blocks with the length of 0.5-1 cm;
(3) mixing the vinasse, the shrimp shell powder, the compound microorganism bacteria and the EM stock solution, and performing composting fermentation at 60 ℃ for 10 days to obtain a fermentation product;
(4) adding straw segments, corncobs, wheat bran and plant ash into the fermentation product, performing secondary composting fermentation at 30 ℃ for 15d, drying the secondary fermentation product at 60 ℃ for 5h, and crushing to 60 meshes;
(5) and adding betaine, polyacrylamide and brassinolide into the crushed secondary fermentation product, and mixing and stirring for 60min at the speed of 150r/min to obtain the special compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer for the corn.
Example 2
The compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer special for corn:
(1) weighing 25kg of soybean straw, 5kg of corncob, 20kg of wheat bran, 5kg of plant ash, 15kg of vinasse, 10kg of shrimp shell powder, 3kg of betaine, 1kg of polyacrylamide, 5kg of compound microorganism bacteria, 3kg of EM stock solution and 0.3kg of brassinolide;
(2) crushing straws to obtain straw sections with the length of 3-5cm, and crushing corncobs into blocks with the length of 0.5-1 cm;
(3) mixing the vinasse, the shrimp shell powder, the compound microorganism bacteria and the EM stock solution, and performing composting fermentation at 35 ℃ for 15 days to obtain a fermentation product;
(4) adding straw segments, corncobs, wheat bran and plant ash into the fermentation product, performing secondary composting fermentation at 55 ℃ for 10d, drying the secondary fermentation product at 80 ℃ for 3h, and crushing to 40 meshes;
(5) and adding betaine, polyacrylamide and brassinolide into the crushed secondary fermentation product, and mixing and stirring at 200r/min for 30min to obtain the special composite disease-resistant microbial fertilizer for corn.
Example 3
The compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer special for corn:
(1) weighing 13kg of corn straw, 10kg of soybean straw, 8kg of corncob, 17kg of wheat bran, 6kg of plant ash, 12kg of vinasse, 13kg of shrimp shell powder, 2kg of betaine, 2kg of polyacrylamide, 6kg of compound microorganism bacteria, 1kg of EM stock solution and 0.2kg of brassinolide;
(2) crushing straws to obtain straw sections with the length of 3-5cm, and crushing corncobs into blocks with the length of 0.5-1 cm;
(3) mixing the vinasse, the shrimp shell powder, the compound microorganism bacteria and the EM stock solution, and performing composting fermentation at 55 ℃ for 13 days to obtain a fermentation product;
(4) adding straw segments, corncobs, wheat bran and plant ash into the fermentation product, performing secondary composting fermentation at 55 ℃ for 12d, drying the secondary fermentation product at 70 ℃ for 4h, and crushing to 50 meshes;
(5) and adding betaine, polyacrylamide and brassinolide into the crushed secondary fermentation product, and mixing and stirring at 170r/min for 40min to obtain the special compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer for corn.
Example 4
The compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer special for corn:
(1) weighing 5kg of corn straw, 15kg of soybean straw, 9kg of corncob, 18kg of wheat bran, 8kg of plant ash, 11kg of vinasse, 14kg of shrimp shell powder, 3kg of betaine, 2kg of polyacrylamide, 6kg of compound microorganism bacteria, 3kg of EM stock solution and 0.1kg of brassinolide;
(2) crushing straws to obtain straw sections with the length of 3-5cm, and crushing corncobs into blocks with the length of 0.5-1 cm;
(3) mixing the vinasse, the shrimp shell powder, the compound microorganism bacteria and the EM stock solution, and performing composting fermentation at 45 ℃ for 15 days to obtain a fermentation product;
(4) adding straw segments, corncobs, wheat bran and plant ash into the fermentation product, performing secondary composting fermentation at 50 ℃ for 13d, drying the secondary fermentation product at 75 ℃ for 3h, and crushing to 60 meshes;
(5) and adding betaine, polyacrylamide and brassinolide into the crushed secondary fermentation product, and mixing and stirring for 55min at the speed of 180r/min to obtain the special compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer for the corn.
Example 5
The compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer special for corn:
(1) weighing 18kg of corn straws, 6kg of corncobs, 20kg of wheat bran, 6kg of plant ash, 13kg of vinasse, 11kg of shrimp shell powder, 2kg of betaine, 2kg of polyacrylamide, 6kg of compound microorganism bacteria, 2kg of EM stock solution and 0.3kg of brassinolide;
(2) crushing straws to obtain straw sections with the length of 3-5cm, and crushing corncobs into blocks with the length of 0.5-1 cm;
(3) mixing the vinasse, the shrimp shell powder, the compound microorganism bacteria and the EM stock solution, and performing composting fermentation at 40 ℃ for 12 days to obtain a fermentation product;
(4) adding straw segments, corncobs, wheat bran and plant ash into the fermentation product, performing secondary composting fermentation at 50 ℃ for 15d, drying the secondary fermentation product at 65 ℃ for 4h, and crushing to 60 meshes;
(5) and adding betaine, polyacrylamide and brassinolide into the crushed secondary fermentation product, and mixing and stirring for 45min at a speed of 200r/min to obtain the special compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer for the corn.
Test examples
The compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer special for the corn prepared in the embodiments 1-5 of the invention is tested in a corn field, 2019.6-2019.11 is tested in east countryside of northern forest areas of Suizhicity, and the corn variety is Jinnuo 262.
The application amount of the bacterial manure in the above examples 1-5 is 45 kg/mu, and meanwhile, the control example is set, and the fertilization method of the control example is used for fertilizing according to the local traditional management experience, and other management conditions are consistent.
The effect of the above fertilizers on economic traits and yield of corn was calculated and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The results show that compared with the traditional fertilizing method, the special fertilizer prepared by the embodiments 1-5 of the invention has the advantages that the ear length of corn is increased by about 10%, the grain number of the ear is increased by about 10%, and the weight of the hundred grains is increased by about 11%; meanwhile, the yield of the fresh ears is increased by about 15 percent.
During the planting period, the planting areas of examples 1 to 5 and comparative example were randomly examined, 1000 corn plants were divided for each group, and the number of diseased plants of northern leaf blight and head smut at the time of examination was recorded, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
The results demonstrate that the incidence of the comparative corn is 15-18% and that of the corn of examples 1-5 is 2-4%.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer special for the corn is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of straw, 5-10 parts of corncob, 15-20 parts of wheat bran, 5-8 parts of plant ash, 10-15 parts of vinasse, 10-15 parts of shrimp shell powder, 1-3 parts of betaine, 1-3 parts of polyacrylamide, 5-8 parts of compound microorganism bacteria, 1-3 parts of leavening agent and 0.1-0.3 part of brassinolide.
2. The compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer special for corns according to claim 1, wherein the straws are corn straws and/or soybean straws.
3. The compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer special for corn according to claim 1, wherein the compound microbial bacteria comprise saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis and azotobacter chroococcum.
4. The compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer special for corn according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the yeast, the bacillus subtilis and the azotobacter chroococcum is 1:1: 1.
5. The compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer special for corns according to claim 1, wherein the leavening agent is EM stock solution.
6. A preparation method of a compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer special for corn is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the parts by weight of any one of claims 1 to 5;
(2) crushing straws to obtain straw sections with the length of 3-5cm, and crushing corncobs into blocks with the length of 0.5-1 cm;
(3) mixing the vinasse, the shrimp shell powder, the compound microorganism bacteria and the leavening agent, and performing composting fermentation to obtain a fermented product;
(4) adding straw segments, corncobs, wheat bran and plant ash into the fermentation product, performing secondary composting fermentation, and drying and crushing the secondary fermentation product;
(5) and adding betaine, polyacrylamide and brassinolide into the crushed secondary fermentation product, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain the special compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer for the corn.
7. The preparation method of the compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer special for corn according to claim 6, wherein the fermentation temperature in the step (3) is 35-60 ℃ and the fermentation time is 10-15 days.
8. The preparation method of the compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer special for corn according to claim 6, wherein the secondary fermentation temperature in the step (4) is 30-55 ℃, and the fermentation time is 10-15 days.
9. The preparation method of the compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer special for corn according to claim 6, wherein the drying temperature in the step (4) is 60-80 ℃, and the drying time is 3-5 h; the crushed particle size is 40-60 meshes.
10. The method for preparing the compound disease-resistant microbial fertilizer special for corn as claimed in claim 6, wherein the stirring speed in step (5) is 150-200r/min, and the stirring time is 30-60 min.
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Citations (6)
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| CN104003817A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-08-27 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Disease-resistant compound biofertilizer special for corn and preparation method thereof |
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2021
- 2021-05-26 CN CN202110577854.6A patent/CN113149772A/en active Pending
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| CN104003817A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-08-27 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Disease-resistant compound biofertilizer special for corn and preparation method thereof |
| CN105218235A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2016-01-06 | 青岛力力惠生物科技有限公司 | Preparation method of nutritional water-retaining soil-loosening compound fertilizer |
| CN105948895A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-09-21 | 惠州市四季绿农产品有限公司 | Controlled-release organic fertilizer |
| CN105819991A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-08-03 | 杜兆龙 | Plant-source biological organic fertilizer and preparing method thereof |
| CN110054532A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-07-26 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof suitable for silage corn cultivation |
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Application publication date: 20210723 |