CN113140426A - Mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation and compensation method thereof - Google Patents
Mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation and compensation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113140426A CN113140426A CN202110395016.7A CN202110395016A CN113140426A CN 113140426 A CN113140426 A CN 113140426A CN 202110395016 A CN202110395016 A CN 202110395016A CN 113140426 A CN113140426 A CN 113140426A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H35/00—Switches operated by change of a physical condition
- H01H35/24—Switches operated by change of fluid pressure, by fluid pressure waves, or by change of fluid flow
- H01H35/26—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H35/00—Switches operated by change of a physical condition
- H01H35/24—Switches operated by change of fluid pressure, by fluid pressure waves, or by change of fluid flow
- H01H35/247—Switches operated by change of fluid pressure, by fluid pressure waves, or by change of fluid flow the switch being of the reed switch type
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- Switches Operated By Changes In Physical Conditions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a mechanical pressure switch, in particular to a mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation and a compensation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that when the mechanical pressure switch of the existing attitude control power device is used, the rigidity of a spring is high, the pressure sensitivity of the mechanical pressure switch is reduced, and the high-precision regulation of a flow system is difficult to meet. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation comprises a microswitch, a shell, a pressure sensing unit arranged on the shell, a lever, a compensation unit and a reset unit, wherein the lever, the compensation unit and the reset unit are arranged in the shell; the microswitch is fixed in the shell; the pressure sensing unit comprises a pressure sensing piston and a pressure rod, and the pressure sensing piston is arranged on the shell; one end of the pressure rod is connected with the pressure sensing piston, and the other end of the pressure rod extends into the inner cavity of the shell and acts on the lever along the anticlockwise direction; the invention also provides a high-precision rigidity compensation method based on the mechanical pressure switch.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mechanical pressure switch, in particular to a mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation and a compensation method thereof.
Background
The mechanical pressure switch of the attitude control power device is used for indirectly controlling the rotating speed of a pump so as to realize the function of controlling the flow, and provides higher requirements for the sensitivity of the pressure switch for ensuring the regulation precision of a flow system: the pressure sensitivity is within 2.5 percent.
The existing mechanical pressure switch generally controls the sensitivity through a spring, but the sensitivity is difficult to meet the requirements of the system; from the analysis of design angle, the influence of the rigidity of the spring on the pressure sensitivity of the spring is large, if a small-rigidity spring is adopted, the pressure sensitivity of the mechanical pressure switch can be improved, but the space size of the small-rigidity spring is too large, and the use requirement of the actual working condition of the mechanical pressure switch is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation and a compensation method thereof, aiming at solving the problems that when the mechanical pressure switch of the existing attitude control power device is used, the rigidity of a spring is high, the pressure sensitivity of the mechanical pressure switch is reduced, and the high-precision adjustment of a flow system is difficult to meet.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation comprises a microswitch and is characterized in that:
the device comprises a shell, a pressure sensing unit arranged on the shell, a lever, a compensation unit and a reset unit which are arranged in the shell;
the microswitch is fixed in the shell;
the pressure sensing unit comprises a pressure sensing piston and a pressure rod, and the pressure sensing piston is arranged on the shell and used for sensing the pressure of the pipeline to be tested; one end of the pressure rod is connected with the pressure sensing piston, and the other end of the pressure rod extends into the inner cavity of the shell and acts on the lever along the anticlockwise direction;
the compensation unit comprises an armature, a magnetism isolating rod which is axially arranged in the armature and of which the extending end extends out of the armature, a permanent magnet arranged on the periphery of the armature, a stop iron which is connected with one magnetic pole of the permanent magnet and sleeved on the magnetism isolating rod, and a soft magnetic seat which is connected with the other magnetic pole of the permanent magnet and sleeved on the armature; the soft magnetic seat and the stop iron are both fixed on the shell; the armature can move in the soft magnetic base along the axial direction; when the armature moves towards the lever direction, the magnetic resistance between the armature and the stop iron is reduced; the outward extending end of the magnetism isolating rod acts on the lever along the anticlockwise direction;
the reset unit comprises a reset spring and a spring mounting seat; the lower end of the return spring is connected with one side of the upper bottom surface of the spring mounting seat; one side of the lower bottom surface of the spring mounting seat acts on the lever in the clockwise direction; the other side of the upper bottom surface of the spring mounting seat corresponds to a contact of the micro switch;
the acting distance of the other end of the pressure rod to the lever is smaller than the acting distance of the outward extending end of the magnetism isolating rod to the lever, and smaller than the acting distance of one side of the lower bottom surface of the spring mounting seat to the lever.
Further, the left arm of the lever is positioned on the left side of the shell, and the right arm of the lever is positioned on the right side of the shell; the compensation unit is arranged above the left arm of the lever, the reset unit is arranged above the right arm of the lever, and the pressure sensing unit is arranged below the right arm of the lever.
Further, the stiffness K1 of the compensation unit satisfies the following relation:
K1＝(L2/L1)×K2
wherein, L1 is the acting distance of the overhanging end of the magnetism isolating rod to the lever;
l2 is the acting distance of one side of the lower bottom surface of the spring mounting seat to the lever;
k2 is the stiffness of the return spring.
Further, a concave cavity is formed in the bottom of the shell, the bottom of the concave cavity is communicated with a pipeline to be tested, and the pressure sensing unit is arranged in the concave cavity.
Furthermore, an electrified coil is further arranged on the outer side of the permanent magnet, and the magnetic field direction of the electrified coil is the same as that of the permanent magnet.
Furthermore, the lower portion of the armature is a cylinder, the top of the stop iron is of a cylindrical boss structure, the diameter of the cylindrical boss is larger than that of the cylinder, and a limiting hole matched with the magnetism isolating rod is formed in the cylindrical boss.
Furthermore, the lower part of the armature is a cone, the top of the stop iron is provided with a conical surface matched with the cone, and the conical surface is provided with a limiting hole matched with the magnetism isolating rod.
Furthermore, the lower portion of the armature is a cylinder, an annular bulge is arranged on the top of the stop iron and located on the outer side of the vertical projection of the armature in a circle, the cross section of the annular bulge is a right-angled triangle, a cylindrical groove matched with the armature is formed in the inner wall of the annular bulge, and a through hole matched with the magnetism isolating rod is formed in the bottom of the cylindrical groove.
The invention also provides a compensation method of the mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) setting the fluid pressure of the pressure sensing unit to be zero, and adjusting the gap between the armature and the stop iron to enable the pressure sensing piston to be in a zero position state, wherein the contact pressure of the microswitch is zero; at the moment, the pressure of the pressure rod acting on the lever is zero, and the acting force of the compensation unit on the lever is used for compensating the initial spring force of the reset spring on the lever;
2) the fluid pressure of the pressure sensing unit is increased, the pressure sensing piston is pressed upwards by the fluid to drive the pressure rod to move upwards, and the reset spring moves upwards under the action of the lever until the microswitch is triggered to be opened; at the moment, the return spring is compressed, the spring force is increased, meanwhile, the compensation unit moves downwards, the gap between the armature and the stop iron is reduced, the suction force of the permanent magnet is enhanced, and therefore the spring force increment of the return spring is compensated;
3) reducing the fluid pressure of the pressure sensing unit, wherein the fluid pressure borne by the pressure sensing piston is smaller than the spring force of a return spring, and the return spring moves downwards until the microswitch is triggered to be closed; at the moment, the reset spring is stretched, the spring force is reduced, the pressure rod moves downwards under the action of the lever, meanwhile, the compensation unit moves upwards, the gap between the armature and the stop iron is increased, the suction force of the permanent magnet is weakened, and therefore the spring force decrement of the reset spring is compensated.
Further, the stiffness K1 of the compensation unit satisfies the following relation:
K1＝(L2/L1)×K2
wherein, L1 is the acting distance of the overhanging end of the magnetism isolating rod to the lever;
l2 is the acting distance of one side of the lower bottom surface of the spring mounting seat to the lever;
k2 is the stiffness of the return spring.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
The mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation is used for compensating adverse effects caused by the rigidity of a spring and improving the pressure sensing sensitivity or the adjustment precision of the mechanical pressure switch. When the pressure sensing unit moves, the reset spring is stretched or compressed to generate deformation, the restoring force is increased, the compensation unit transmits the deformation through the lever or the spring mounting seat, and the working air gap of the magnetic circuit part changes; meanwhile, when the compensation unit is set to be a basin-side magnetic pole structure, the resultant force of the superposition of the surface force and the bottom force of the basin side is a suction force (represented as negative stiffness) which is linearly increased along with the displacement of the armature, and the newly increased restoring force of the reset spring part can be counteracted through the compensation unit, so that the aim of reducing the stiffness of the spring is fulfilled, the sensitivity and the working precision of the mechanical pressure switch are effectively improved, and the compensation unit can be widely applied to pressure sensing regulation of a force feedback dynamic balance valve.
The mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation is adopted, the rigidity of a reset spring is counteracted by adopting a permanent magnet, the sensitivity to pressure is easy to realize, meanwhile, the stroke of the mechanical pressure switch can be greatly increased, and the dead zone (the dead zone is the self working characteristic of the microswitch and is set for preventing misoperation, and only when the displacement of a switch rod exceeds the dead zone, the microswitch is switched to an electrical state to prevent the displacement of the switch rod caused by disturbance of the external environment) of the microswitch matched with the mechanical pressure switch is fully utilized, so that the mechanical environment adaptability of the mechanical pressure switch is improved, and the risk of misoperation of the mechanical pressure switch caused by the influence of the mechanical environment is greatly reduced; the lever structure can shorten the working stroke of the permanent magnet, and fully play the characteristics of small working air gap and large suction force of the permanent magnet.
The mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation can be applied to liquid rocket engines, can be popularized and applied to relevant valves of satellite in-orbit execution systems, ground test systems and automatic fluid pipeline systems, and improves the sensitivity of force feedback dynamic balance type valve pressure sensing or adjusting mechanisms, so that the working precision of the valves is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a housing of a mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a lever in a mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision stiffness compensation according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a mounting position diagram of an energizing coil in a mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation according to the invention.
Fig. 5 is a view showing a suction type flat head structure of the compensating unit of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a view showing a cone suction type structure of the compensating unit of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a view showing a magnetic pole structure of the pot side of the compensating unit of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the stop iron of fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is a graph showing the attraction force and displacement characteristics of the magnetic circuit structure of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-armature, 2-stop iron, 21-cylindrical groove, 22-through hole, 3-soft magnetic seat, 4-permanent magnet, 5-return spring, 6-shell, 60-cavity, 61-side plate, 62-left mounting rack, 63-right mounting rack, 631-spring groove, 64-mounting shaft, 65-lower mounting rack, 7-spring mounting seat, 8-lever, 81-permanent magnet contact point, 83-return spring contact point and 84-pressure sensing piston contact point; 9-pressure sensing piston, 91-pressure rod, 10-micro switch, 11-electrified coil, 12-magnetism isolating rod and 13-wire outlet hole.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments do not limit the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high precision rigidity compensation in the present embodiment includes a micro switch 10, a housing 6, a pressure sensing unit disposed on the housing 6, a lever 8 disposed in the housing 6, a compensation unit, and a reset unit;
the microswitch 10 is fixed in the shell 6, a wire outlet hole 13 is formed above the microswitch 10, and the microswitch 10 is electrically connected with a pump outside the shell 6 through the wire outlet hole 13.
As shown in fig. 3, the lever 8 has a permanent magnet contact point 81, a return spring contact point 83 and a pressure sensing piston contact point 84;
the pressure sensing unit comprises a pressure sensing piston 9 and a pressure rod 91, and the pressure sensing piston 9 is arranged on the shell 6 and used for sensing the pressure of a pipeline to be tested; one end of the pressure rod 91 is connected with the pressure sensing piston 9, and the other end of the pressure rod extends into the inner cavity of the shell 6 and acts on the pressure sensing piston contact point 84 on the lever 8 along the anticlockwise direction;
the compensation unit comprises an armature 1, a magnetism isolating rod 12 which is axially arranged in the armature 1 and the outward extending end of which extends out of the armature 1, a permanent magnet 4 which is arranged at the periphery of the armature 1, a stop iron 2 which is fixedly connected with one magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 4 and sleeved on the magnetism isolating rod 12, and a soft magnetic base 3 which is fixedly connected with the other magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 4 and sleeved on the armature 1; the armature 1 is made of soft magnetic material, the magnetism isolating rod 12 is made of magnetism isolating material, and the armature 1 and the magnetism isolating rod 12 can be connected through threads or other connection modes such as welding.
As shown in fig. 1, the lower end of the soft magnetic seat 3 is fixedly connected with a permanent magnet 4, the lower end of the permanent magnet 4 is fixedly connected with a stop iron 2, the soft magnetic seat 3 and the stop iron 2 are both fixed on a shell 6, and the soft magnetic seat 3 is of an annular structure; the armature 1 and the inner diameter of the soft magnetic seat 3 form guiding fit, and the armature 1 can move axially in the cylindrical groove 21 and the soft magnetic seat 3; when the armature 1 moves towards the direction of the lever 8, the magnetic resistance between the armature 1 and the stop iron 2 is reduced; the overhanging end of the magnetism isolating rod 12 extends downwards from the through hole 22, and the overhanging end of the magnetism isolating rod 12 acts on a permanent magnet contact point 81 on the lever 8 along the counterclockwise direction;
the reset unit comprises a reset spring 5 and a spring mounting seat 7; the lower end of the reset spring 5 is connected with one side of the upper bottom surface of the spring mounting seat 7; one side of the lower bottom surface of the spring mounting seat 7 acts on a return spring contact point 83 on the lever 8 along the clockwise direction; the other side of the upper bottom surface of the spring mounting seat 7 corresponds to a contact of the micro switch 10;
the acting distance of the other end of the pressure rod 91 to the lever 8 is smaller than the acting distance of the outward extending end of the magnetism isolating rod 12 to the lever 8, and smaller than the acting distance of one side of the lower bottom surface of the spring mounting seat 7 to the lever 8.
As shown in fig. 2, the housing 6 in this embodiment is composed of a front side plate 61, a rear side plate 61, a left mounting bracket 62, a right mounting bracket 63, a mounting shaft 64, and a lower mounting bracket 65; lever 8 installs on curb plate 61 through the rotary motion pair that installation axle 64 and installation axle bed formed, soft-magnetic base 3 is installed on left portion mounting bracket 62, right portion mounting bracket 63 is provided with spring groove 631, reset spring 5 one end is installed in spring groove 631, and the other end is installed on spring mount 7, the contact of spring mount 7 lower extreme and the reset spring contact point 83 of lever 8.
In this embodiment, the left arm of the lever 8 is located on the left side of the housing 6, the right arm is located on the right side of the housing 6, the compensation unit is arranged above the left arm of the lever 8, the reset unit is arranged above the right arm of the lever 8, and the pressure sensing unit is arranged below the right arm of the lever 8; the arm length L1 between the permanent magnet contact point 81 on the lever 8 and the mounting shaft 64 and the arm length L2 between the return spring contact point 83 and the mounting shaft 64 form a lever arm.
The stiffness K1 of the compensation unit satisfies the following relation:
K1＝(L2/L1)×K2
k2 is the stiffness of the return spring 5.
In this embodiment, the bottom of the casing 6 is provided with a cavity 60, the bottom of the cavity 60 is communicated with a pipeline to be tested, the pressure sensing unit is arranged in the cavity 60, and a sealing rubber ring is arranged between the pressure sensing piston 9 and the top of the cavity 60 at the bottom of the casing 6.
In this embodiment, the permanent magnet 4, the stop iron 2, the soft magnetic base 3, and the armature 1 form a magnetic circuit, and the magnetic circuit direction is: starting from the N magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 4, the magnetic pole returns to the S magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 4 after sequentially passing through the stop iron 2, the armature 1 and the soft magnetic seat 3; permanent magnet 4 adopts the axial to magnetize, when permanent magnet suction is not enough, multiplicable suction, as the circular telegram coil 11 shown in fig. 4, circular telegram coil 11 sets up in the permanent magnet 4 outside, the magnetic field direction of circular telegram coil 11 is the same with the magnetic field direction of permanent magnet 4.
The compensation unit in this embodiment may be configured as the following three structures:
the first flat suction type structure is shown in figure 5, the lower part of the armature 1 is a cylinder, the top of the stop iron 2 is arranged to be a cylindrical boss structure, the diameter of the cylindrical boss is larger than that of the cylinder, and the cylindrical boss is provided with a limiting hole matched with the magnetism isolating rod 12. When the compensation unit is used, the stroke of the mechanical pressure switch 10 is small, and the precision is low.
The second cone-head suction type structure is shown in fig. 6, the lower part of the armature 1 is a cone, the top of the stop iron 2 is provided with a conical surface matched with the cone, and the conical surface is provided with a limiting hole matched with the magnetism isolating rod 12. When the compensation unit is used, the stroke of the mechanical pressure switch 10 is large, and the precision is low.
The third basin-side magnetic pole structure is shown in fig. 7 and 8, the lower part of the armature 1 is a cylinder, an annular bulge is arranged on the top of the stop iron 2 and positioned on the outer side of the vertical projection of the armature 1 in a circle, and the section of the annular bulge is a right triangle; the inner wall of the annular bulge forms a cylindrical groove 21 matched with the armature 1, the bottom of the cylindrical groove 21 is provided with a through hole 22 matched with the magnetism isolating rod 12, and the compensation unit is high in precision when in use.
The embodiment also provides a compensation method of the mechanical pressure switch, which can realize high-precision rigidity compensation, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) setting the fluid pressure of the cavity 60 to be zero, and adjusting the gap between the armature 1 and the stop iron 2 to enable the pressure sensing piston 9 to be in a zero position state, wherein the contact pressure of the microswitch 10 is zero; at this time, the pressure of the pressure rod 91 acting on the lever 8 is zero, and the acting force of the compensation unit on the lever 8 is used for compensating the initial spring force of the return spring 5 on the lever 8;
2) the fluid pressure of the cavity 60 is increased, the pressure sensing piston 9 is pressed upwards by the fluid to drive the pressure rod 91 to move upwards, and the return spring 5 moves upwards under the action of the lever 8 until the microswitch 10 is triggered to be opened; at the moment, the return spring 5 is compressed, the spring force is increased, meanwhile, the compensation unit moves downwards, the gap between the armature 1 and the stop iron 2 is reduced, the suction force of the permanent magnet 4 is enhanced, and therefore the spring force increment of the return spring 5 is compensated;
3) reducing the fluid pressure of the cavity 60, wherein the fluid pressure borne by the pressure sensing piston 9 is smaller than the spring force of the return spring 5, and the return spring 5 moves downwards until the microswitch 10 is triggered to be closed; at this time, the return spring 5 is stretched, the spring force is reduced, the pressure rod 91 moves downward due to the action of the lever 8, and at the same time, the compensation unit moves upward, the gap between the armature 1 and the stop iron 2 increases, the attraction force of the permanent magnet 4 is weakened, and thus the decrement of the spring force of the return spring 5 is compensated.
When the armature 1 moves towards the lever 8, the magnetic resistance between the armature 1 and the stop iron 2 is reduced, the attraction force of the permanent magnet 4 is increased, the relationship between the attraction force and the displacement between the stop iron 2 and the magnetic poles at the two ends of the armature 1 is shown in fig. 9, wherein the linear region where the rigidity K1 of the compensation unit is satisfied is [ h1, h2 ], and the relationship between the lower limit h1 and the upper limit h2 is as follows: the upper limit h2> the lower limit h1, the lower limit h1 is the height position of the armature 1 close to the stop iron 2, the upper limit h2 is the height position of the armature 1 far away from the stop iron 2, and when the position of the armature 1 exceeds h2, the equivalent stiffness K1 is reduced. Because the moving direction of the armature 1 is h2 to h1, the initial position of the stop iron 2 and the armature 1 can be adjusted to be near an upper limit h2 during installation, and meanwhile, the lever 8 is ensured to be in a horizontal state. When the pressure sensing piston 9 is in the zero position state, the contact of the mechanical pressure switch is at zero pressure.
The working principle of the mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation in the embodiment is as follows:
the compensation structure compensates for the adverse effect of the stiffness of the return spring 5, and thus the pressure-sensitive sensitivity or the adjustment accuracy of the microswitch 10 can be improved. When the pressure sensing unit moves, the reset spring 5 is compressed to generate deformation, the restoring force is increased, the compensation structure transmits the deformation through the lever 8 and the spring mounting seat 7, the working air gap of the magnetic circuit part changes, due to the functional characteristics of the basin-shaped edge structure of the magnetic circuit structure, the superposed resultant force of the surface force and the bottom force of the basin-shaped edge is the suction force which is linearly increased along with the displacement of the armature 1 (wherein the suction force is represented as negative stiffness), the offsetting of the newly added restoring force of the reset spring 5 part can be realized through the compensation unit, and the aim of reducing the rigidity of the reset spring is fulfilled.
When the lever 8 is in an initial horizontal state, an initial gap is formed between the stop iron 2 and the armature iron 1, and the pressure sensing piston 9 is in a lower limit state;
when no fluid passes through the cavity 60 or the fluid pressure is lower than the set pressure, the initial spring force of the return spring 5 is greater than the suction force of the left arm compensation structure of the lever 8, the resultant force on the pressure sensing piston 9 makes the pressure sensing piston move downwards, and at the moment, the pressure sensing piston 9 is in the lower limit position and cannot move downwards continuously, so that the stability of the initial state is ensured.
When the fluid pressure in the cavity 60 exceeds the set pressure, the upward medium force applied to the pressure sensing piston 9 is greater than the initial spring force of the return spring 5, and the pressure rod 91 will move upward, and at this time, due to the action of the lever 8, the return spring contact point 83 end of the lever 8 is moved upward, the return spring 5 is compressed, the downward spring force is increased, the permanent magnet contact point 81 on the left side moves downward due to the action of the lever 8, the initial gap is reduced, the suction force of the permanent magnet 4 is enhanced, the effect of offsetting the spring force increment of the return spring 5 is achieved, at the moment, if the pressure in the cavity 60 is not increasing continuously, the force balance state on the pressure rod 91 basically keeps the upward movement state of the overpressure process, and the pressure rod 91 will continue to move upward until the displacement exceeds the dead zone gap of the micro switch 10, so that the micro switch 10 is triggered to be turned on, and the pump connected with the micro switch 10 stops running; at this time, because the pump stops operating, the medium pressure in the flow system will not increase any more, the fluid pressure in the cavity 60 is reduced to be less than the set pressure, the upward medium force borne by the pressure sensing piston 9 is less than the initial spring force of the return spring 5, the pressure rod 91 will move downward, at this time, due to the action of the lever 8, the end of the return spring contact point 83 of the lever 8 moves downward, the return spring 5 is stretched, the downward spring force thereof is reduced, due to the action of the lever 8, the permanent magnet contact point 81 on the left side will move upward, the initial gap is increased, the suction force of the permanent magnet 4 is weakened, the effect of counteracting the spring force decrement of the return spring 5 is achieved, at this time, if the pressure in the cavity 60 is not reduced any more, the force balance state on the pressure rod 91 also basically keeps the downward movement state without overpressure process, the pressure rod 91 will continue to move downward until the displacement exceeds the dead zone gap of the microswitch 10, so that the microswitch 10 is triggered to be closed and the pump continues to run; when the pressure lever 91 is moved to the lower limit position, the microswitch 10 returns to the initial operating state.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation comprises a microswitch (10) and is characterized in that:
the pressure sensing device comprises a shell (6), a pressure sensing unit arranged on the shell (6), a lever (8) arranged in the shell (6), a compensation unit and a reset unit;
the microswitch (10) is fixed in the shell (6);
the pressure sensing unit comprises a pressure sensing piston (9) and a pressure rod (91), and the pressure sensing piston (9) is arranged on the shell (6) and used for sensing the pressure of a pipeline to be tested; one end of the pressure rod (91) is connected with the pressure sensing piston (9), and the other end of the pressure rod extends into the inner cavity of the shell (6) and acts on the lever (8) along the anticlockwise direction;
the compensation unit comprises an armature (1), a magnetism isolating rod (12) which is axially arranged in the armature (1) and the outward extending end of which extends out of the armature (1), a permanent magnet (4) which is arranged at the periphery of the armature (1), a stop iron (2) which is connected with one magnetic pole of the permanent magnet (4) and is sleeved on the magnetism isolating rod (12), and a soft magnetic seat (3) which is connected with the other magnetic pole of the permanent magnet (4) and is sleeved on the armature (1); the soft magnetic seat (3) and the stop iron (2) are both fixed on the shell (6); the armature (1) can move in the soft magnetic seat (3) along the axial direction; when the armature (1) moves towards the lever (8), the magnetic resistance between the armature (1) and the stop iron (2) is reduced; the outward extending end of the magnetism isolating rod (12) acts on the lever (8) along the anticlockwise direction;
the reset unit comprises a reset spring (5) and a spring mounting seat (7); the lower end of the reset spring (5) is connected with one side of the upper bottom surface of the spring mounting seat (7); one side of the lower bottom surface of the spring mounting seat (7) acts on the lever (8) along the clockwise direction; the other side of the upper bottom surface of the spring mounting seat (7) corresponds to a contact of the micro switch (10);
the acting distance of the other end of the pressure rod (91) to the lever (8) is smaller than the acting distance of the outward extending end of the magnetism isolating rod (12) to the lever (8), and is smaller than the acting distance of one side of the lower bottom surface of the spring mounting seat (7) to the lever (8).
2. The mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation according to claim 1, wherein: the left arm of lever (8) is located casing (6) left side, and the right arm is located casing (6) right side, the compensation unit sets up the left arm top at lever (8), the reset unit sets up the right arm top at lever (8), the pressure sensing unit sets up the right arm below at lever (8).
3. The mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation according to claim 2, wherein: the stiffness K1 of the compensation unit satisfies the following relation:
K1＝(L2/L1)×K2
wherein L1 is the acting distance of the extending end of the magnetism isolating rod (12) to the lever (8);
l2 is the acting distance of one side of the lower bottom surface of the spring mounting seat (7) to the lever (8);
k2 is the stiffness of the return spring (5).
4. A mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high precision rigidity compensation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the pressure sensing device is characterized in that a concave cavity (60) is formed in the bottom of the shell (6), the bottom of the concave cavity (60) is communicated with a pipeline to be tested, and the pressure sensing unit is arranged in the concave cavity (60).
5. The mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the outer side of the permanent magnet (4) is further provided with an electrified coil (11), and the magnetic field direction of the electrified coil (11) is the same as that of the permanent magnet (4).
6. The mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation according to claim 5, wherein: the lower portion of the armature (1) is a cylinder, the top of the stop iron (2) is of a cylindrical boss structure, the diameter of the cylindrical boss is larger than that of the cylinder, and a limiting hole matched with the magnetism isolating rod (12) is formed in the cylindrical boss.
7. The mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation according to claim 5, wherein: the lower part of the armature iron (1) is a cone, the top of the stop iron (2) is provided with a conical surface matched with the cone, and the conical surface is provided with a limiting hole matched with the magnetism isolating rod (12).
8. The mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation according to claim 5, wherein: the magnetic isolation device is characterized in that the lower portion of the armature (1) is a cylinder, an annular bulge is arranged on the top of the stop iron (2) and located on the outer side of the vertical projection of the armature (1) in a circle, the cross section of the annular bulge is a right-angled triangle, a cylindrical groove (21) matched with the armature (1) is formed in the inner wall of the annular bulge, and a through hole (22) matched with the magnetic isolation rod (12) is formed in the bottom of the cylindrical groove (21).
9. A compensation method for a mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation, which is characterized in that the mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation is based on any one of claims 1 to 8; the method comprises the following steps:
1) setting the fluid pressure of the pressure sensing unit to be zero, adjusting the gap between the armature (1) and the stop iron (2) to enable the pressure sensing piston (9) to be in a zero position state, and setting the contact pressure of the microswitch (10) to be zero; at the moment, the pressure of the pressure rod (91) acting on the lever (8) is zero, and the acting force of the compensation unit on the lever (8) is used for compensating the initial spring force of the return spring (5) on the lever (8);
2) the fluid pressure of the pressure sensing unit is increased, the pressure sensing piston (9) is pressed upwards by the fluid to drive the pressure rod (91) to move upwards, and the return spring (5) moves upwards under the action of the lever (8) until the microswitch (10) is triggered to be opened; at the moment, the return spring (5) is compressed, the spring force is increased, meanwhile, the compensation unit moves downwards, the gap between the armature (1) and the stop iron (2) is reduced, the suction force of the permanent magnet (4) is enhanced, and therefore the spring force increment of the return spring (5) is compensated;
3) reducing the fluid pressure of the pressure sensing unit, wherein the fluid pressure borne by the pressure sensing piston (9) is smaller than the spring force of the reset spring (5), and the reset spring (5) moves downwards until the microswitch (10) is triggered to be closed; at the moment, the return spring (5) is stretched, the spring force is reduced, the pressure rod (91) moves downwards due to the action of the lever (8), meanwhile, the compensation unit moves upwards, the gap between the armature (1) and the stop iron (2) is increased, the suction force of the permanent magnet (4) is weakened, and therefore the decrement of the spring force of the return spring (5) is compensated.
10. The compensation method for the mechanical pressure switch capable of realizing high-precision rigidity compensation according to claim 9, is characterized in that: the stiffness K1 of the compensation unit satisfies the following relation:
K1＝(L2/L1)×K2
wherein L1 is the acting distance of the extending end of the magnetism isolating rod (12) to the lever (8);
l2 is the acting distance of one side of the lower bottom surface of the spring mounting seat (7) to the lever (8);
k2 is the stiffness of the return spring (5).
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| CN113140426B (en) | 2023-08-08 |
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