CN113140335B - Passive containment heat exporting system with internal heat exchanger protection device - Google Patents
Passive containment heat exporting system with internal heat exchanger protection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113140335B CN113140335B CN202110361904.7A CN202110361904A CN113140335B CN 113140335 B CN113140335 B CN 113140335B CN 202110361904 A CN202110361904 A CN 202110361904A CN 113140335 B CN113140335 B CN 113140335B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/12—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from pressure vessel; from containment vessel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/14—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from headers; from joints in ducts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/16—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants comprising means for separating liquid and steam
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of nuclear reactors, in particular to a passive containment heat exporting system with an internal heat exchanger protection device. The system is arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the containment and comprises a containment inner side part and a containment outer side part; the inner side part of the containment is positioned on the upper part of the side wall in the containment, the main body comprises an internal heat exchanger and a protection device, wherein the protection device is arranged in a position parallel to the internal heat exchanger and is a spliced straight plate type heat exchanger protection device; the outer side part of the containment is positioned above the outer side wall of the containment, and the main structure comprises an external cooling water tank and a steam-water separator; the inner side part of the containment vessel is connected with the outer side part of the containment vessel through a pipeline and a valve. The invention can reduce the impact of a large amount of high-quality working medium spray or splashes on the internal heat exchanger caused by a serious accident in the reactor, and ensure the integrity of the passive containment cooling system under the accident condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of passive safety systems of nuclear reactors, in particular to a passive containment heat exporting system with an internal heat exchanger protecting device.
Background
Nuclear power generation has been developed and utilized since the middle of the last century to provide efficient and clean energy for human beings. However, the unique physical properties of nuclear materials and the great influence of historical nuclear accidents on the society and the environment make great attention to the safety of nuclear power. By combining the nuclear power operation experience and the technical development, the concept of a passive safety system is introduced in the design process of many third-generation nuclear power. The passive safety system can ensure the safety of the reactor by utilizing natural phenomena of density difference, gravity difference and the like without the support of an external power supply, and the third generation nuclear power of China, Hualongyi, adopts a design strategy of combining active and passive technologies to improve the safety of the reactor and ensure the safe and stable operation of the reactor.
The passive containment cooling system (PCS) is an important component of the 'Hualong I' passive safety system. When LOCA and other accidents occur, high-temperature gas in the containment is condensed on the outer surface of the internal heat exchanger to heat cooling water in the heat exchange pipe, density difference is formed in the PCS pipeline to establish natural circulation, and heat in the containment is continuously conducted into a final heat trap in a heat conduction mode when the cooling water heated in the pipeline flows through the external heat exchanger. However, the design parameters of the pressurized water reactor containment vessel are high temperature (greater than 180 ℃) and high pressure (greater than 0.4MPa), the risk of releasing high energy in the containment vessel after an accident exists, and high-temperature and high-pressure fluid directly acts on the surface of the PCS heat exchanger with a thin pipe wall, so that damage and even pipeline breakage are easily caused, the heat conduction function of the PCS is affected, and potential damage of radioactive substance release is caused. And the design pressure of a loop in the containment reaches above 17MPa, equipment and parts on the loop risk to become internal flying objects, and the hydrogen explosion risk brought by hydrogen release under serious accidents also can generate the result equivalent to the above.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a passive containment heat exporting system with an internal heat exchanger splicing straight plate type protection device, which aims to relieve the impact of a large amount of high-quality working medium spray or splashes on an internal heat exchanger caused by a serious accident in a reactor, protect the safety of the internal heat exchanger structure, ensure the integrity of a passive containment cooling system under the accident condition, ensure that the passive containment cooling system can stably and effectively run to realize the function of the passive containment cooling system, and ensure that the containment does not have over-temperature and over-pressure under the accident condition.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a passive containment heat exporting system with an internal heat exchanger protection device is arranged on the inner side and the outer side of a containment and comprises a containment inner side part and a containment outer side part; the inner side part of the containment is positioned on the upper part of the side wall in the containment, the main body comprises an internal heat exchanger and a protection device, wherein the protection device is arranged in a position parallel to the internal heat exchanger and is a spliced straight plate type heat exchanger protection device; the outer side part of the containment is positioned above the outer side wall of the containment, and the main structure comprises an external cooling water tank and a steam-water separator; the inner side part of the containment vessel is connected with the outer side part of the containment vessel through a pipeline and a valve.
According to the passive containment heat exporting system with the internal heat exchanger protecting device, the spliced straight plate type heat exchanger protecting device adopts a three-folded straight plate spliced baffle, the top and the bottom of the baffle are both at a certain included angle with the axis of the baffle, and the middle of the baffle is parallel to the internal heat exchanger and is provided with a hole groove to guarantee gas circulation. Furthermore, the angle of the top of the baffle is inclined towards the direction of the reactor, and the angle of the bottom of the baffle is inclined towards the direction of the containment vessel, so that a flow guide channel is formed.
According to the passive containment heat exporting system with the internal heat exchanger protecting device, the spliced straight plate type heat exchanger protecting device is a three-folded straight plate spliced baffle, the overall structure of the baffle is in a funnel shape, the upper part of the baffle expands outwards, and the baffle can conduct a flow guiding effect on gas at the top of the containment; the bottom and the middle part of the baffle can form effective wrapping protection on the internal heat exchanger structure; the top and the bottom of the baffle form a certain included angle with the axis of the baffle, and the middle part of the baffle is parallel to the internal heat exchanger and is provided with a hole groove to ensure the gas circulation in the horizontal direction; the orifice grooves enable fluid to flow across the heat exchanger surface through the orifice grooves and are smaller than the size of the possible projectiles to withstand the impact of the high temperature and pressure gas streams and the blast shock waves that may be generated. Furthermore, the included angle between the top of the baffle plate and the axis of the baffle plate is 15-35 degrees, and the included angle between the bottom of the baffle plate and the axis of the baffle plate is 5-20 degrees.
According to the passive containment heat exporting system with the internal heat exchanger protecting device, the internal heat exchanger in the containment inner side portion comprises a heat exchanger upper header, a heat exchange pipe and a heat exchanger lower header; the protection device in the inner side part of the containment comprises an inner heat exchanger protection baffle and a protection device connecting support; the upper end of the heat exchange tube is connected with the bottom of the upper header of the heat exchanger, and the lower end of the heat exchange tube is connected with the top of the lower header of the heat exchanger; the internal heat exchanger protection baffle is arranged on one side, close to the reactor, of the internal heat exchanger and fixed on the inner wall surface of the containment through the connecting bracket, and the certain distance exists between the internal heat exchanger protection baffle and the internal heat exchanger, so that natural circulation of gas can be guaranteed. Furthermore, the heat exchange tubes are arranged close to the wall surface of the containment in a vertical arrangement mode, and the heat exchange tubes, the lower header of the heat exchanger and the upper header of the heat exchanger are connected together in a welding mode to form the internal tube bundle type heat exchanger.
According to the passive containment heat exporting system with the internal heat exchanger protection device, the outer side part of the containment comprises a steam-water separator and an external cooling water tank; wherein, the external cooling water tank is arranged at the high position outside the containment, and a steam-water separator is arranged in the external cooling water tank.
According to the passive containment heat exporting system with the internal heat exchanger protecting device, the inner side part of the containment is connected with the outer side part of the containment through a pipeline and a valve, specifically, one end of an ascending section pipeline is connected with an upper header of a heat exchanger, and one end of a descending section pipeline is connected with a lower header of the heat exchanger; the other end of the pipeline at the ascending section and the other end of the pipeline at the descending section respectively penetrate out of the double-layer containment vessel through the penetrating piece, the other end of the pipeline at the ascending section extends into the middle of the water tank through the bottom of the external cooling water tank to be connected with the steam-water separator, and the other end of the pipeline at the descending section is connected with the bottom of the external cooling water tank;
according to the passive containment heat exporting system with the internal heat exchanger protection device, the outer side part of the containment is higher than the inner side part of the containment, and a certain height difference exists between the outer side part and the inner side part, so that the establishment of natural circulation is guaranteed.
According to the passive containment heat exporting system with the internal heat exchanger protecting device, the spliced straight plate type heat exchanger protecting device is a three-folded straight plate spliced baffle, the overall structure of the baffle is in a funnel shape, the upper part of the baffle expands outwards, the lower part of the baffle contracts inwards, and the baffle can conduct a flow guiding effect on gas in the containment which scours the heat exchanger longitudinally; the bottom and the middle part of the baffle can form effective wrapping protection on the internal heat exchanger structure; the top and the bottom of the baffle form a certain included angle with the axis of the baffle, and the middle part of the baffle is parallel to the internal heat exchanger and is provided with a hole groove to ensure the gas circulation; the hole groove enables fluid to transversely flow across the surface of the heat exchanger through the hole groove, and the hole groove is smaller than the size of a possible formed missile, so that the impact of high-temperature and high-pressure airflow and explosion shock waves which can be generated can be resisted; the internal heat exchanger in the inner containment side part comprises a heat exchanger upper header, a heat exchange tube and a heat exchanger lower header; the protection device in the inner side part of the containment comprises an inner heat exchanger protection baffle and a protection device connecting support; the upper end of the heat exchange tube is connected with the bottom of the upper header of the heat exchanger, and the lower end of the heat exchange tube is connected with the top of the lower header of the heat exchanger; the protective baffle of the internal heat exchanger is arranged on one side of the internal heat exchanger close to the reactor, is fixed on the inner wall surface of the containment through a connecting bracket, and has a certain distance with the internal heat exchanger to ensure that gas can naturally circulate; the outer side part of the containment comprises a steam-water separator and an external cooling water tank; the external cooling water tank is arranged at the high position outside the containment, and a steam-water separator is arranged in the external cooling water tank; the inner side part of the containment is connected with the outer side part of the containment through a pipeline and a valve, specifically, one end of a pipeline at an ascending section is connected with an upper header of a heat exchanger, and one end of a pipeline at a descending section is connected with a lower header of the heat exchanger; the other end of the pipeline at the ascending section and the other end of the pipeline at the descending section respectively penetrate out of the double-layer containment vessel through the penetrating piece, the other end of the pipeline at the ascending section extends into the middle of the water tank through the bottom of the external cooling water tank to be connected with the steam-water separator, and the other end of the pipeline at the descending section is connected with the bottom of the external cooling water tank; the outer side part of the containment is higher than the inner side part of the containment, and a certain height difference exists between the outer side part and the inner side part, so that the establishment of natural circulation is ensured.
According to the passive containment heat exporting system with the internal heat exchanger protection device, when LOCA accidents and the like occur, high-temperature and high-pressure coolant suddenly loses pressure to generate high-quality saturated steam to be sprayed into a large space of a containment; when air in the high-temperature steam mixing containment vessel flows through the heat exchanger inside the system, water vapor can be condensed on the surface of the internal heat exchanger, and the carried heat is transferred to the cooling working medium in the internal heat exchanger, so that the heating temperature of the cooling working medium is increased, the density of the cooling working medium is reduced, further, a density difference is formed between the coolant in the ascending section pipeline and the low-temperature coolant in the descending section pipeline, and natural circulation is formed under the driving of the gravity difference of the ascending section pipeline and the descending section pipeline, so that the heat in the containment vessel is passively led out.
The reactor with the passive containment heat exporting system with the internal heat exchanger protecting device comprises the passive containment heat exporting system with the diversion structure.
The invention has the following effects:
according to the passive containment heat exporting system with the internal heat exchanger splicing straight plate type protecting device, the protecting device is arranged near the heat exchanger, so that impact of a large amount of high-quality working medium spray or splashed objects on the internal heat exchanger caused by serious accidents in a reactor can be relieved, the safety of the internal heat exchanger structure is protected, the integrity of a passive containment cooling system under accident conditions is ensured, the passive containment cooling system can stably and effectively run to realize functions, and the containment is not subjected to over-temperature and over-pressure under the accident conditions. And the protection device is designed into a folded plate structure, so that the airflow in the containment can be guided to a certain degree, and the heat exchange of the internal heat exchanger is facilitated.
The invention relates to a passive containment heat exporting system with an internal heat exchanger splicing straight plate type protection device, which designs an internal heat exchanger protection baffle spliced by three folding straight plates, wherein the top and the bottom of the baffle form a certain included angle with the axis of the baffle, the middle part of the baffle is parallel to a heat exchange tube and is provided with a slot for ensuring gas circulation, under the condition of an accident, the bottom and the middle part of the baffle can form effective wrapping protection on a heat exchanger structure to prevent splashes from hurting the heat exchanger structure, the overall structure of the protection baffle is in a funnel shape, the baffle at the upper part is expanded outwards, the baffle at the lower part is contracted inwards, and the gas at the top of the containment can be guided, so that the steam baffled at the top of the containment flows along the side wall of the containment as much as possible to increase the gas flow rate for scouring the surface of the heat exchanger, and the protection baffle can play a certain role of enhancing the heat exchange capacity besides protecting the heat exchanger from the splashes .
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a passive containment heat removal system with an internal heat exchanger spliced straight plate type containment;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the upper and lower equiangular shafts of the guard;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the position of the guard and internal heat exchanger;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a guard barrier.
In the drawings: the method comprises the following steps of 1-steam-water separator, 2-external cooling water tank, 3-penetrating piece, 4-descending section pipeline, 5-double containment, 6-heat exchanger lower header, 7-heat exchange pipe, 8-protective device, 9-heat exchanger upper header, 10-ascending section pipeline, 11-isolation valve, 12-protective device connecting bracket, 13 explosion shock wave and missile and the like.
Detailed Description
The passive containment heat deriving system with the internal heat exchanger spliced straight plate type protection device according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the passive containment heat export system with the internal heat exchanger protection device according to the present invention is disposed on the inner side and the outer side of a containment 5, and includes a containment inner portion and a containment outer portion; the inner side part of the containment is positioned on the upper part of the side wall in the containment, the main body comprises an internal heat exchanger and a protection device, wherein the protection device is arranged in a position parallel to the internal heat exchanger and is a spliced straight plate type heat exchanger protection device 8; the outer side part of the containment is positioned above the outer side wall of the containment, and the main structure comprises an external cooling water tank and a steam-water separator; the inner side part of the containment vessel is connected with the outer side part of the containment vessel through a pipeline and a valve. The outer side part of the containment is higher than the inner side part of the containment, and a certain height difference exists between the outer side part and the inner side part, so that the establishment of natural circulation is ensured.
The internal heat exchanger in the inner containment part comprises a heat exchanger upper header 9, a heat exchange tube 7 and a heat exchanger lower header 6; the protection device in the inner side of the containment comprises an internal heat exchanger protection baffle 8 and a protection device connecting bracket 12; wherein, the upper end of the heat exchange tube 7 is connected with the bottom of the upper header 9 of the heat exchanger, and the lower end is connected with the top of the lower header 6 of the heat exchanger; the internal heat exchanger protective baffle 8 is arranged on one side of the internal heat exchanger close to the reactor, is fixed on the inner wall surface of the containment vessel through a connecting bracket 12, and has a certain distance with the internal heat exchanger to ensure that gas can naturally circulate. The heat exchange tubes 8 are arranged close to the wall surface of the containment in a vertical arrangement mode, and the heat exchange tubes 7, the lower header 6 of the heat exchanger and the upper header 9 of the heat exchanger are connected together in a welding mode to form the internal tube bundle type heat exchanger.
The outer side part of the containment comprises a steam-water separator 1 and an external cooling water tank 2; wherein, the external cooling water tank 2 is arranged at the high position outside the containment, and the steam-water separator 1 is arranged in the external cooling water tank 2.
The inner side part of the containment vessel is connected with the outer side part of the containment vessel through a pipeline and a valve, specifically, one end of a pipeline 10 at an ascending section is connected with an upper header 9 of a heat exchanger, and one end of a pipeline 4 at a descending section is connected with a lower header 6 of the heat exchanger; the other end of the ascending section pipeline 10 and the other end of the descending section pipeline 4 respectively penetrate out of the double-layer containment vessel through the penetrating piece 3, the other end of the ascending section pipeline 10 extends into the middle of the water tank through the bottom of the external cooling water tank 2 to be connected with the steam-water separator 1, and the other end of the descending section pipeline 4 is connected with the bottom of the external cooling water tank 2; isolation valves 11 are disposed in the ascending stage pipeline 10 and the descending stage pipeline 4.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the spliced straight plate type heat exchanger protection device 8 adopts a three-folded straight plate spliced baffle, the angle of the top of the baffle is inclined towards the direction of the reactor, and the angle of the bottom of the baffle is inclined towards the direction of the containment vessel, so that a flow guide channel is formed. The top and the bottom of the baffle are both at a certain included angle with the axis of the baffle, and the middle part of the baffle is parallel to the internal heat exchanger and is provided with a hole groove to ensure the gas circulation in the horizontal direction.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, a passive containment heat export system with an internal heat exchanger protection device is arranged on the inner side and the outer side of a containment 5, and comprises a containment inner side part and a containment outer side part; the inner side part of the containment is positioned on the upper part of the side wall in the containment, the main body comprises an internal heat exchanger and a protection device, wherein the protection device is arranged in a position parallel to the internal heat exchanger and is a spliced straight plate type heat exchanger protection device 8; the outer side part of the containment is positioned above the outer side wall of the containment, and the main structure comprises an external cooling water tank and a steam-water separator; the inner side part of the containment vessel is connected with the outer side part of the containment vessel through a pipeline and a valve. The outer side part of the containment is higher than the inner side part of the containment, and a certain height difference exists between the outer side part and the inner side part, so that the establishment of natural circulation is ensured.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the protection device 8 of the spliced straight plate type heat exchanger is a three-folded straight plate spliced baffle, the overall structure of the baffle is in a funnel shape, the upper part of the baffle expands outwards, and the baffle can conduct a flow guiding effect on gas at the top of the containment; the bottom and the middle part of the baffle can form effective wrapping protection on the internal heat exchanger structure; the top and the bottom of the baffle form a certain included angle with the axis of the baffle, and the middle part of the baffle is parallel to the internal heat exchanger and is provided with a hole groove to ensure the gas circulation; the hole groove enables fluid to transversely flow across the surface of the heat exchanger through the hole groove, and the hole groove is smaller than the size of a possible formed missile, so that the impact of high-temperature and high-pressure airflow and explosion shock waves which can be generated can be resisted; the top of the baffle plate forms an angle of 15-35 degrees (such as 15 degrees, 25 degrees or 35 degrees) with the axis of the baffle plate, and the bottom of the baffle plate forms an angle of 5-20 degrees (such as 5 degrees, 15 degrees or 20 degrees) with the axis of the baffle plate.
The internal heat exchanger in the inner containment part comprises a heat exchanger upper header 9, a heat exchange tube 7 and a heat exchanger lower header 6; the protection device in the inner side of the containment comprises an internal heat exchanger protection baffle 8 and a protection device connecting bracket 12; wherein, the upper end of the heat exchange tube 7 is connected with the bottom of the upper header 9 of the heat exchanger, and the lower end is connected with the top of the lower header 6 of the heat exchanger; the internal heat exchanger protective baffle 8 is arranged on one side of the internal heat exchanger close to the reactor, is fixed on the inner wall surface of the containment vessel through a connecting bracket 12, and has a certain distance with the internal heat exchanger to ensure that gas can naturally circulate.
The outer side part of the containment comprises a steam-water separator 1 and an external cooling water tank 2; wherein, the external cooling water tank 2 is arranged at the high position outside the containment, and the steam-water separator 1 is arranged in the external cooling water tank 2.
The inner side part of the containment vessel is connected with the outer side part of the containment vessel through a pipeline and a valve, specifically, one end of a pipeline 10 at an ascending section is connected with an upper header 9 of a heat exchanger, and one end of a pipeline 4 at a descending section is connected with a lower header 6 of the heat exchanger; the other end of the ascending pipeline 10 and the other end of the descending pipeline 4 respectively penetrate out of the double-layer containment vessel through the penetrating piece 3, the other end of the ascending pipeline 10 extends into the middle of the water tank through the bottom of the external cooling water tank 2 to be connected with the steam-water separator 1, and the other end of the descending pipeline 4 is connected with the bottom of the external cooling water tank 2.
When LOCA accidents and the like occur, the high-temperature and high-pressure coolant suddenly loses pressure to generate high-quality saturated steam which is sprayed into a large space of the containment; when air in the high-temperature steam mixed containment vessel flows through the heat exchanger inside the system, water vapor can be condensed on the surface of the internal heat exchanger, and heat carried by the water vapor is transferred to a cooling working medium in the internal heat exchanger, so that the heating temperature of the cooling working medium is increased, the density of the cooling working medium is reduced, a density difference is formed between a coolant in the ascending pipeline 10 and a low-temperature coolant in the descending pipeline 4, natural circulation is formed under the driving of the gravity difference of the ascending pipeline 10 and the descending pipeline 4, and the heat in the containment vessel is passively led out.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, the passive containment heat export system with the internal heat exchanger protection device is arranged on the inner side and the outer side of a containment 5, and comprises a containment inner side part and a containment outer side part; the inner side part of the containment is positioned on the upper part of the side wall in the containment, and the main body comprises an internal heat exchanger and a protection device; the outer side part of the containment is positioned above the outer side wall of the containment, and the main structure comprises an external cooling water tank and a steam-water separator; the inner side part of the containment vessel is connected with the outer side part of the containment vessel through a pipeline and a valve.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the protective device of the inner containment side portion is arranged in parallel with the internal heat exchanger, and for splicing the straight plate type heat exchanger protective device 8, the middle straight plate is provided with regular holes, so that on one hand, large-space fluid can transversely flow through the holes on the surface of the heat exchanger, on the other hand, the space between the holes is smaller than the size of a flyer which can be formed, and the impact of high-temperature and high-pressure airflow and explosion shock waves which can be generated can be resisted; the upper part is spliced with a closed straight plate, the angle of the closed straight plate is inclined towards the direction of the reactor, the lower part is spliced with a closed straight plate, the angle of the closed straight plate is inclined towards the direction of the containment, a flow guide channel is formed, outside the transverse airflow, gas in a vertical direction is induced to flow and scour the surface of the heat exchanger, on one hand, the flow velocity is increased, the convective heat transfer is enhanced, on the other hand, non-condensable gas is blown away, the adverse effect of the non-condensable gas on the condensation heat transfer is avoided, and finally, the aim of compounding and strengthening the heat transfer is achieved. As the flyers and the shock waves come from the direction of the reactor and the position below the heat exchanger, the straight plate at the lower part of the heat exchanger is inclined to the design of the containment vessel, and the flyers and the shock waves can be effectively prevented from being damaged by the impact of the flyers and the air flow. The spliced straight plate type heat exchanger protection device is arranged at a position (for example, 50cm, 75cm or 100cm) 50-100cm away from the internal heat exchanger, the actual protection effect and the flow guide effect can be influenced by the distance, the straight plates of the protection device are welded on the connecting support from top to bottom, and the support roots on the side wall surface in the containment.
The inner side part of the containment is connected with the outer side part of the containment through a pipeline and a valve, the outer cooling water tank and the inner heat exchanger are connected through a rising section pipeline 10 and a falling section pipeline 4 through a penetrating piece 3, the rising section pipeline 10 extends into the outer cooling water tank through the bottom of the outer cooling water tank, and the falling section pipeline 4 is connected with the bottom of the outer cooling water tank; isolation valves are disposed on the ascending pipe 10 and the descending pipe 4.
When LOCA accidents and the like occur, the high-temperature and high-pressure coolant suddenly loses pressure to generate high-quality saturated steam which is sprayed into a large space of the containment; when air in the high-temperature steam mixed containment vessel flows through the heat exchanger inside the system, water vapor can be condensed on the surface of the internal heat exchanger, and heat carried by the water vapor is transferred to a cooling working medium in the internal heat exchanger, so that the heating temperature of the cooling working medium is increased, the density of the cooling working medium is reduced, a density difference is formed between a coolant in the ascending pipeline 10 and a low-temperature coolant in the descending pipeline 4, natural circulation is formed under the driving of the gravity difference of the ascending pipeline 10 and the descending pipeline 4, and the heat in the containment vessel is passively led out.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 1, a passive containment heat export system with an internal heat exchanger spliced straight plate type protection device includes a containment inner side portion and a containment outer side portion. The inner side part of the containment is positioned in the containment, and the main structure of the containment is an internal heat exchanger and a spliced straight plate type internal heat exchanger protection baffle; the outside part of the containment is positioned above the outside side wall of the containment, and the main structure comprises an external cooling water tank and a steam-water separator. The inner side part and the outer side part of the containment vessel are connected through a pipeline and a valve which penetrate through the containment vessel.
The outer side part of the containment comprises a steam-water separator 1, an external cooling water tank 2, a penetrating piece 3, an ascending section pipeline 10 and a descending section pipeline 4; the external cooling water tank 2 is arranged at a high position outside the containment, and the steam-water separator 1 is arranged in the water tank to weaken the shock and impact caused by the fact that steam is generated by overheating in the pipeline 10 at the ascending section along with the continuous heat absorption of the cooling working medium in the pipeline in the system operation process and then the steam is introduced into the external cooling water tank 2. The ascending pipeline 10 and the descending pipeline 4 penetrate out of the double-layer containment through the penetrating piece 3, the ascending pipeline 10 extends into the middle of the water tank through the bottom of the external cooling water tank 2 and is connected with the steam-water separator 1, and the descending pipeline 4 is connected with the bottom of the external cooling water tank 2.
The inner side part of the containment comprises a penetrating piece 3, an ascending section pipeline 10, a descending section pipeline 4, a heat exchanger upper header 9, a heat exchange pipe 7, an internal heat exchanger protective baffle 8, a protective device connecting support 12 and a heat exchanger lower header 6; the heat exchange tube 7, the heat exchanger lower header 6 and the heat exchanger upper header 9 are connected together by welding to form an internal tube bundle type heat exchanger, and the heat exchange tube is arranged close to the wall surface of the containment in a vertical arrangement mode. The internal heat exchanger protective baffle 8 is arranged on one side of the internal tube bundle type heat exchanger close to the reactor, and takes root on the inner wall surface of the containment vessel through the connecting bracket 12, and the certain distance exists between the internal tube bundle type heat exchanger and the internal tube bundle type heat exchanger, so that the natural circulation of gas can be ensured. The outer side part of the containment vessel is higher than the inner side part of the containment vessel, and a certain height difference exists between the outer side part and the inner side part, so that the establishment of natural circulation is ensured.
The heat exchanger upper part header 9 and the heat exchanger lower part header 6 are respectively connected with the ascending section pipeline 10, the descending section pipeline 4 and the heat exchange tube 7 as distribution devices of cooling working media in the heat exchanger, wherein: the ascending pipeline 10 is connected with the upper header 9 of the heat exchanger, the descending pipeline 4 is connected with the lower header 6 of the heat exchanger, the upper end of the heat exchange tube 7 is connected with the bottom of the upper header 9 of the heat exchanger, and the lower end of the heat exchange tube is connected with the top of the lower header 6 of the heat exchanger.
The invention provides a passive containment heat exporting system with an internal heat exchanger spliced straight plate type protecting device. Under accident conditions (such as LOCA), a lot of high-energy saturated steam can be sprayed at the break and a solid structure can be splashed in the accident process, and hydrogen is accumulated and is easy to explode under serious accidents to form shock waves. The internal heat exchanger is used as an important device of the passive containment cooling system, and once the internal heat exchanger is damaged in case of an accident, the heat removal capacity of the system can be directly influenced, and adverse effects are brought to the temperature reduction and pressure reduction of the containment. Therefore, the invention designs the protective baffle of the internal heat exchanger spliced by the three-folded straight plates, the structure of the baffle is shown in figure 2, the top and the bottom of the baffle form a certain included angle with the axis of the baffle, the included angle between the top of the baffle and the axis of the baffle is 15-35 degrees (such as 15 degrees, 25 degrees or 35 degrees), and the included angle between the bottom of the baffle and the axis of the baffle is 5-20 degrees (such as 5 degrees, 15 degrees or 20 degrees). Baffle middle part and heat exchange tube are parallel and arranged the fluting and guarantee the gas circulation, under accident conditions, the bottom and the middle part of baffle can form effectual parcel protection to the heat exchanger structure, prevent splash thing injury heat exchanger structure, and the overall structure of guard baffle is a funnel shape, the baffle on upper portion outwards expands, can carry out the effect of a water conservancy diversion to the gas at containment top, make the steam through the baffling of containment top as much as possible flow along the containment lateral wall, the increase erodees the gas flow on heat exchanger surface, so this guard baffle can also play certain enhancement heat transfer ability except playing the injury of protection splash thing to the heat exchanger.
Claims (11)
1. The utility model provides a passive containment heat derivation system with inside heat exchanger protector which characterized in that: the system is arranged on the inner side and the outer side of a containment (5) and comprises a containment inner side part and a containment outer side part; the inner side part of the containment is positioned on the upper part of the side wall in the containment, the main body comprises an internal heat exchanger and a protection device, wherein the protection device is arranged in a position parallel to the internal heat exchanger and is a spliced straight plate type heat exchanger protection device (8); the outer side part of the containment is positioned above the outer side wall of the containment, and the main structure comprises an external cooling water tank and a steam-water separator; the inner side part of the containment vessel is connected with the outer side part of the containment vessel through a pipeline and a valve;
the spliced straight plate type heat exchanger protection device (8) adopts a three-folded straight plate spliced baffle, the top and the bottom of the baffle form a certain included angle with the axis of the baffle, and the middle part of the baffle is parallel to the internal heat exchanger and is provided with a hole groove to ensure the circulation of gas; the top angle of the baffle inclines towards the direction of the reactor, and the bottom angle of the baffle inclines towards the direction of the containment vessel to form a flow guide channel;
the spliced straight plate type heat exchanger protection device (8) is a three-folded straight plate spliced baffle, the overall structure of the baffle is in a funnel shape, the upper part of the baffle expands outwards, and the baffle can conduct a flow guiding effect on gas at the top of the containment; the bottom and the middle part of the baffle can form effective wrapping protection on the internal heat exchanger structure; the top and the bottom of the baffle form a certain included angle with the axis of the baffle, and the middle part of the baffle is parallel to the internal heat exchanger and is provided with a hole groove to ensure the gas circulation; the hole groove enables fluid to transversely flow across the surface of the heat exchanger through the hole groove, and the hole groove is smaller than the size of a possible formed missile, so that the impact of high-temperature and high-pressure airflow and explosion shock waves which can be generated can be resisted; the top of the baffle plate forms an included angle of 15 DEG with the axis of the baffle plate
The included angle between the bottom of the baffle and the axis of the baffle is 5-20 degrees.
2. The passive containment heat removal system with internal heat exchanger containment of claim 1, wherein: the internal heat exchanger in the inner containment part comprises a heat exchanger upper header (9), a heat exchange tube (7) and a heat exchanger lower header (6); the protection device of the inner side part of the containment comprises an internal heat exchanger protection baffle (8) and a protection device connecting bracket (12); wherein, the upper end of the heat exchange tube (7) is connected with the bottom of the upper header (9) of the heat exchanger, and the lower end is connected with the top of the lower header (6) of the heat exchanger; the internal heat exchanger protective baffle (8) is arranged on one side, close to the reactor, of the internal heat exchanger and fixed on the inner wall surface of the containment through a connecting support (12), and a certain distance exists between the internal heat exchanger and the internal heat exchanger, so that natural circulation of gas can be guaranteed.
3. The passive containment heat removal system with internal heat exchanger containment of claim 2, wherein: the heat exchange tubes (8) are arranged close to the wall surface of the containment in a vertical arrangement mode, and the heat exchange tubes (7), the lower header (6) of the heat exchanger and the upper header (9) of the heat exchanger are connected together through welding to form the internal tube bundle type heat exchanger.
4. The passive containment heat removal system with internal heat exchanger containment of claim 1, wherein: the outer side part of the containment comprises a steam-water separator (1) and an external cooling water tank (2); wherein, the external cooling water tank (2) is arranged at the high position outside the containment, and the steam-water separator (1) is arranged in the external cooling water tank (2).
5. The passive containment heat removal system with internal heat exchanger containment of claim 1, wherein: the inner side part of the containment is connected with the outer side part of the containment through a pipeline and a valve, specifically, one end of a pipeline (10) at an ascending section is connected with an upper header (9) of a heat exchanger, and one end of a pipeline (4) at a descending section is connected with a lower header (6) of the heat exchanger; the other end of the ascending section pipeline (10) and the other end of the descending section pipeline (4) penetrate out of the double-layer containment through the penetrating piece (3), the other end of the ascending section pipeline (10) extends into the middle of the water tank through the bottom of the external cooling water tank (2) to be connected with the steam-water separator (1), and the other end of the descending section pipeline (4) is connected with the bottom of the external cooling water tank (2).
6. The passive containment heat removal system with internal heat exchanger containment of claim 5, wherein: isolation valves (11) are respectively arranged on the ascending section pipeline (10) and the descending section pipeline (4).
7. The passive containment heat removal system with internal heat exchanger containment of claim 1, wherein: the outer side part of the containment is higher than the inner side part of the containment, and a certain height difference exists between the outer side part and the inner side part, so that the establishment of natural circulation is ensured.
8. The passive containment heat removal system with internal heat exchanger containment of claim 1, wherein:
the internal heat exchanger in the inner containment part comprises a heat exchanger upper header (9), a heat exchange tube (7) and a heat exchanger lower header (6); the protection device of the inner side part of the containment comprises an internal heat exchanger protection baffle (8) and a protection device connecting bracket (12); wherein, the upper end of the heat exchange tube (7) is connected with the bottom of the upper header (9) of the heat exchanger, and the lower end is connected with the top of the lower header (6) of the heat exchanger; the internal heat exchanger protective baffle (8) is arranged on one side of the internal heat exchanger close to the reactor, is fixed on the inner wall surface of the containment through a connecting bracket (12), and has a certain distance with the internal heat exchanger to ensure that gas can naturally circulate;
the outer side part of the containment comprises a steam-water separator (1) and an external cooling water tank (2); wherein the external cooling water tank (2) is arranged at a high position outside the containment, and a steam-water separator (1) is arranged in the external cooling water tank (2);
the inner side part of the containment is connected with the outer side part of the containment through a pipeline and a valve, specifically, one end of a pipeline (10) at an ascending section is connected with an upper header (9) of a heat exchanger, and one end of a pipeline (4) at a descending section is connected with a lower header (6) of the heat exchanger; the other end of the ascending section pipeline (10) and the other end of the descending section pipeline (4) respectively penetrate out of the double-layer containment vessel through the penetrating piece (3), the other end of the ascending section pipeline (10) extends into the middle of the water tank through the bottom of the external cooling water tank (2) to be connected with the steam-water separator (1), and the other end of the descending section pipeline (4) is connected with the bottom of the external cooling water tank (2);
the outer side part of the containment is higher than the inner side part of the containment, and a certain height difference exists between the outer side part and the inner side part, so that the establishment of natural circulation is ensured.
9. The passive containment heat removal system with internal heat exchanger containment of claim 8, wherein: the heat exchange tubes (8) are arranged close to the wall surface of the containment in a vertical arrangement mode, and the heat exchange tubes (7), the lower header (6) of the heat exchanger and the upper header (9) of the heat exchanger are connected together through welding to form the internal tube bundle type heat exchanger.
10. The passive containment heat removal system with internal heat exchanger containment of claim 8, wherein: when LOCA accidents and the like occur, the high-temperature and high-pressure coolant suddenly loses pressure to generate high-quality saturated steam which is sprayed into a large space of the containment; when air in the high-temperature steam mixing containment passes through the heat exchanger inside the system, water vapor can be condensed on the surface of the internal heat exchanger, and the carried heat is transferred to a cooling working medium in the internal heat exchanger, so that the heating temperature of the cooling working medium is increased, the density of the cooling working medium is reduced, further, a density difference is formed between a coolant in the ascending section pipeline (10) and a coolant in the descending section pipeline (4), and natural circulation is formed under the driving of the gravity difference of the ascending section pipeline (10) and the descending section pipeline (4), so that the heat in the containment is passively led out.
11. The utility model provides a reactor of passive containment heat derivation system with inside heat exchanger protector which characterized in that: the passive containment heat exporting system with the internal heat exchanger protection device is the passive containment heat exporting system with the diversion structure according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
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| CN116313175A (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-06-23 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Containment heat removal system |
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| CN102881342A (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2013-01-16 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Active and passive combined heat removal device for containment |
| CN104103325A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-10-15 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Heat derivation system for long-term passive containment |
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| CN102522127B (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2014-07-30 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Passive containment thermal conduction system |
| CN102737738B (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2015-01-07 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Passive direct evaporation type cooling system for double-layer concrete containment |
| CN102867550A (en) * | 2012-08-20 | 2013-01-09 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Passive heat removal device for dealing with station blackout accident |
| CN102915776B (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2016-04-20 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Passive containment thermal conduction system test method |
| CN103956193B (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2017-01-04 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | A kind of passive containment thermal conduction system |
| CN108630327B (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2023-08-25 | 国核示范电站有限责任公司 | Passive containment heat exchanger system |
| CN107731321A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-02-23 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | A kind of passive containment thermal conduction system protector |
| CN207503652U (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-06-15 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | A kind of passive containment thermal conduction system protective device |
| CN112164482B (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2023-09-29 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Comprehensive thermal hydraulic test device for containment |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102881342A (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2013-01-16 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Active and passive combined heat removal device for containment |
| CN104103325A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-10-15 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Heat derivation system for long-term passive containment |
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