CN113135737A - 一种装载荧光粉的透明陶瓷材料及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种装载荧光粉的透明陶瓷材料及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN113135737A
CN113135737A CN202010055577.8A CN202010055577A CN113135737A CN 113135737 A CN113135737 A CN 113135737A CN 202010055577 A CN202010055577 A CN 202010055577A CN 113135737 A CN113135737 A CN 113135737A
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陈剑
郭旺
黄秋凤
刘著光
邓种华
洪茂椿
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Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter of CAS
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Abstract

本发明公开一种装载荧光粉的透明陶瓷材料及其制备方法与应用。所述陶瓷材料中,荧光粉均匀分散且装载在陶瓷载体中,所述荧光粉在所述陶瓷载体中的质量占比为0.5‑15%;所述荧光粉为商业荧光粉中的绿粉和/或黄粉;所述陶瓷载体为透明陶瓷载体。本发明采用高温固相法制得该荧光陶瓷材料,工艺简单,周期短,效率高,性能稳定,有效提高荧光材料的热导率及发光性能,可应用于高功率密度LED光源及激光半导体照明领域。

Description

一种装载荧光粉的透明陶瓷材料及其制备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明属于材料领域,涉及一种光功能陶瓷,具体涉及一种装载荧光粉的透明陶瓷材料及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
目前,LED光源由于其高效、节能、环保以及寿命长等优点取代传统光源成为一种新型的照明光源。目前主流商用白光LED光源仍然是蓝光芯片与Ce:YAG荧光粉组合封装模式。但荧光粉与胶的混合方式存在突出的缺点:导热性能差,易出现老化、光衰和色漂移等不良现象。尤其在大功率LED光源领域,这种弊端体现的更加明显。
为解决这个问题,环氧树脂或者硅胶等传统荧光粉的载体急需被高热导率的材料替代。因此,荧光玻璃和荧光陶瓷等块体材料应运而生。荧光玻璃材料是将商用荧光粉与玻璃原料混匀烧制成微晶玻璃,可维持荧光粉的发光性能,但荧光粉在玻璃中的分布均匀度是一个仍需解决的问题,同时玻璃的热导率相对于陶瓷,其提升的程度非常有限,在应用上受到一定的限制。荧光陶瓷(以Ce:YAG透明陶瓷为主)既是封装材料又是发光材料,因具有10-14W/(m·K)高热导率、高透过率、高物理化学稳定性等优点成为一种极具前景的荧光材料。但透明陶瓷中稀土离子掺杂受浓度淬灭影响,掺杂浓度受限,且封装的白光光源色坐标偏离正白光区域,发光性能受到一定影响。同时,随着激光半导体产业的兴起,对荧光材料的热导率提出了更高的要求。
结合上述微晶玻璃与荧光陶瓷的优点,将荧光粉均匀分布在一种纯相的透明陶瓷中成为一种更有效、优化的荧光材料。然而现有技术中此类荧光材料的烧结温度较高,如专利CN106242539A与CN106145922A中将荧光发光原料和陶瓷粉体原料混合,并在1400-1800度高温下烧结,易出现各原料间的杂相、复相结晶体,导致失配、荧光失活等问题出现。
发明内容
本发明提供一种装载荧光粉的陶瓷材料,所述荧光粉均匀分散且装载在陶瓷载体中,所述荧光粉在所述陶瓷载体中的质量占比为0.5-15%,例如1-10%,又如3-8%,示例性为3%、5%、10%;
所述荧光粉为商业荧光粉中的绿粉和/或黄粉;优选地,所述荧光粉选自化学成分为Ce:Lu3Al5O12、Ce:Y3Al5O12和Ce,Ga:Y3Al5O12中的至少一种的荧光粉;示例性选自化学式为Ce:Y3Al5O12的荧光粉。
根据本发明,所述陶瓷载体为透明陶瓷载体,例如为Al2O3、Y2O3、MgO和AlN等陶瓷载体中的至少一种,示例性为MgO陶瓷载体、Al2O3陶瓷载体或Y2O3陶瓷载体。进一步地,所述陶瓷载体为纯相的陶瓷载体。
根据本发明,所述陶瓷载体的折射率与所述荧光粉的折射率相似,例如二者折射率的差值不超过0.30。进一步地,所述陶瓷载体的折射率为1.70-1.90,所述荧光粉的折射率为1.60-2.00。
根据本发明,所述陶瓷材料为多晶块状或片状材料。
根据本发明,所述陶瓷材料可以为均匀装载Ce:Y3Al5O12荧光粉的MgO均相透明陶瓷材料、均匀装载Ce:Y3Al5O12荧光粉的Al2O3均相透明陶瓷材料、均匀装载Ce:Y3Al5O12荧光粉的Y2O3均相透明陶瓷材料。
根据本发明,所述陶瓷材料为透明陶瓷材料。例如,所述陶瓷材料在可见光区域的透过率≥70%,例如≥75%、又如≥79%,示例性为70%、80.1%、80.3%。
根据本发明,所述陶瓷材料的折射率为1.7-2.0,例如1.72-1.95,示例性为1.74、1.76、1.935。
根据本发明,所述陶瓷材料的热导率为10-50W/(m·K),例如20-50W/(m·K),示例性为13W/(m·K)、22W/(m·K)、38W/(m·K)。
根据本发明,所述陶瓷材料的发光效率≥60%,例如≥65%。
根据本发明,所述陶瓷材料的烧结致密度可以至少达到理论烧结致密度的95%,例如达到理论烧结致密度的97%。
根据本发明,所述陶瓷材料具有基本如图1所示的结构。
本发明还提供上述装载荧光粉的陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)制备含有荧光粉、陶瓷原料粉体和烧结助剂的初始粉体;
2)对所述初始粉体进行排胶、保温,得到备烧粉体;
3)对所述备烧粉体进行保温烧结,得到透明陶瓷;
4)所述透明陶瓷经退火后,得到所述装载荧光粉的陶瓷材料。
根据本发明,步骤1)中所述荧光粉具有如上文所述的含义。
根据本发明,步骤1)中所述陶瓷原料粉体为Al2O3、Y2O3、MgO和AlN中的至少一种,例如为Al2O3、Y2O3或MgO。
根据本发明,步骤1)中所述烧结助剂为LiF、NaF、MgO、CaO、ZrO2、TiO2和四乙氧基硅烷中的至少一种,例如所述烧结助剂为LiF、NaF、MgO和ZrO2中的至少一种,示例性为NaF、MgO或ZrO2
根据本发明,步骤1)中所述荧光粉的重量占陶瓷原料粉体重量的0.5-15%,例如0.5-10%,又如3-8%,示例性为3%、5%、10%、15%。
根据本发明,步骤1)中所述烧结助剂的重量占陶瓷原料粉体重量的0.1-1%,例如0.1-0.5%,示例性为0.5%。
根据本发明,步骤1)中所述初始粉体的制备过程包括:将荧光粉、陶瓷原料粉体和烧结助剂混合、球磨均匀、烘干后过筛。例如,球磨时使用酒精作为分散剂,含荧光粉、陶瓷原料粉体和烧结助剂的混合粉体与磨球、酒精的重量比为1:(2-4):(1.5-3),例如1:(2.5-3.5):(2-2.5),示例性为1:3:2。其中,所述球磨的时间为10-35h,例如时间为15-30h,示例性为24h。例如,所述烘干为采用自然烘干。例如,所述过筛为过100目筛。
根据本发明,步骤2)中所述排胶的温度为600-800℃,例如650-750℃,示例性为700℃。进一步地,所述保温的时间为3-10h,例如4-8h,示例性为5h。其中,排胶保温可以去除助剂有机物成分。
根据本发明,步骤3)中所述烧结在烧结炉内进行,例如所述烧结炉为放电等离子体(SPS)烧结炉或高压闪速烧结炉。
根据本发明,步骤3)所述烧结时备烧粉体承受的压力为50-200MPa,例如80-160MPa,示例性为100MPa。进一步地,所述烧结时将备烧粉体置于烧结炉内的模具中,例如模具为石墨材质的模具。
根据本发明,步骤3)中所述保温烧结的温度为1000-1300℃,例如为1100-1200℃,示例性为1050、1100、1200℃、1300℃;优选为1200℃。其中,所述保温烧结的时间为2-10min,例如3-8min,示例性为5min。其中,所述烧结过程中的升温速率为50-150℃/min,例如80-120℃/min,示例性为100℃/min。
根据本发明,步骤4)中所述退火的初始温度与保温烧结的温度相同或低于保温烧结的温度,例如为1000-1300℃,例如为1100-1200℃,示例性为1100℃。其中,退火的时间为5-20h,例如8-15h,示例性为10h。例如,所述退火过程的降温为自然降温或降温速率为2-10℃/min,比如降温速率为2-4℃/min。例如,在退火前可以先自然降温。
根据本发明,步骤4)中退火过程可在本领域已知炉内进行,例如在箱式炉中进行退火。
根据本发明,步骤4)中退火后的样品可根据需要进行加工处理,包括形状切割、表面粗磨及抛光等。上述加工处理方式可采用本领域已知方式。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述装载荧光粉的陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将商用荧光粉、陶瓷原料粉体和烧结助剂称量、球磨混匀、烘干、筛粉,得到初始粉体;
所述荧光粉的重量占陶瓷原料粉体重量的0.5-10%,所述烧结助剂的重量占陶瓷原料粉体重量的0.1-1%;
2)将上述初始粉体于600℃-800℃条件下排胶,保温3-10h,得到备烧粉体;
3)将上述备烧粉体压于烧结炉体内的模具中,1000-1300℃保温烧结2-10min,得到透明陶瓷;
4)将上述透明陶瓷在箱式炉内退火,得到所述装载荧光粉的透明陶瓷材料。
本发明还提供由上述制备方法得到的装载荧光粉的透明陶瓷材料。
本发明还提供上述装载荧光粉的透明陶瓷材料在大功率照明或激光半导体照明中的应用。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明针对装载荧光粉的透明陶瓷材料的匮乏,提供一种装载荧光粉的透明陶瓷材料,该荧光材料既保持荧光粉的良好的发光特性,同时提供高热导率、高透过率、相似折射率的透明陶瓷作为荧光粉载体,为封装、高功率密度光源应用提供了良好的材料基础,该陶瓷材料可应用于大功率LED光源,激光半导体照明等相关领域。
本发明还提供制备装载有荧光粉的透明陶瓷材料的制备方法,该方法烧结温度低、成品率高、工艺简单,成品陶瓷材料中无杂相、复相结晶体。
附图说明
图1为本发明装载荧光粉的陶瓷材料结构图;
图2为实施例1中MgO荧光粉载体陶瓷的微观结构;
图3为实施例3中装载荧光粉的Y2O3透明陶瓷材料的直线透过率谱图;
图4为实施例4-6中烧结温度1000-1300℃得到的陶瓷材料所对应的相对发光效率值;
图5实施例7-9中陶瓷材料的量子效率对比图。
具体实施方式
下文将结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做更进一步的详细说明。应当理解,下列实施例仅为示例性地说明和解释本发明,而不应被解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均涵盖在本发明旨在保护的范围内。
除非另有说明,以下实施例中使用的原料和试剂均为市售商品,或者可以通过已知方法制备。
实施例1
该实施例中,以Ce:YAG(Ce:Y3Al5O12)商用荧光粉,MgO作为陶瓷载体原料粉体,NaF作为烧结助剂抑制MgO晶粒生长,Ce:YAG、MgO和NaF的重量比为5:100:0.5。Ce:YAG、MgO和NaF的混合粉体、以及磨球与酒精的重量比为1:3:2,球磨时间为24h。自然烘干后,过100目筛子筛粉得到初始粉体。初始粉体在700℃保温5小时排胶后,置于SPS烧结炉的石墨模具中,粉体承受的压力设定为100MPa进行烧结。烧结程序为升温速率200℃/min,在1200℃保温5min后自然降温,最后在马弗炉中1100℃退火10h,获得装载Ce:YAG荧光粉的MgO透明陶瓷片材料。
实施例2-3
实施例2、3的制备工艺与实施例1相同,区别在于选用不同的陶瓷载体原料粉体、烧结助剂及其对应的SPS烧结保温温度,具体见表1。
为表征实施例1-3的样品性能,表1提供实施例1-3得到的陶瓷材料样品的折射率、透过率@550nm(厚度为1mm)、对应理论透过率和热导率数据。
表1
Figure BDA0002372670030000061
图1为装载荧光粉的陶瓷材料结构图,可以看出荧光粉体颗粒均匀分散且装载在陶瓷载体中。
图2为实施例1中装载Ce:YAG荧光粉的MgO透明陶瓷材料的微观结构,其中包含MgO陶瓷晶粒构成的透明陶瓷载体,以及分布在透明陶瓷载体中的Ce:YAG荧光粉颗粒。
图3提供实施例3中装载荧光粉的Y2O3透明陶瓷材料的直线透过率谱图,在可见光区域透明陶瓷材料可实现透过率达到了80%。
实施例4-6
实施例4-6以实施例1的制备工艺为参照,提供不同烧结温度制备得到的装载荧光粉的MgO透明陶瓷材料对应的性能参数,依次烧结温度为1000℃(实施例4)、1100℃(实施例5)和1300℃(实施例6)。得到的透明陶瓷材料在550nm波长的直线透过率分别为75%(实施例4)、79%(实施例5)、79.8%(实施例6)。
在烧结温度低于1200℃时,陶瓷致密度不够,气孔的散射使透过率下降,当烧结温度≥1300℃时,陶瓷内的荧光粉活性受到一些影响,其发光效率有所下降。图4为烧结温度1000-1300℃得到的透明陶瓷材料所对应的相对发光效率值,从图4中表明,装载荧光粉的MgO透明陶瓷材料的最佳SPS烧结温度为1200℃。
实施例7-9
实施例7-9以实施例1的制备工艺为参照,提供装载不同比例的荧光粉的MgO透明陶瓷材料,荧光粉在陶瓷载体中的掺杂重量比例依次为3%(实施例7)、10%(实施例8)和15%(实施例9)。
以实施例7-9与实施例1的数据对比表征荧光粉添加量的浓度淬灭点,在图5中以内量子效率作为表征手段。由图5可知,荧光粉的最佳添加质量浓度范围为低于10%。
以上,对本发明的实施方式进行了说明。但是,本发明不限定于上述实施方式。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种装载荧光粉的陶瓷材料,其特征在于,所述陶瓷材料中,荧光粉均匀分散且装载在陶瓷载体中,所述荧光粉在所述陶瓷载体中的质量占比为0.5-15%;
所述荧光粉为商业荧光粉中的绿粉和/或黄粉;
所述陶瓷载体为透明陶瓷载体。
2.根据权利要求1所述装载荧光粉的陶瓷材料,其特征在于,所述荧光粉选自化学成分为Ce:Lu3Al5O12、Ce:Y3Al5O12和Ce,Ga:Y3Al5O12中的至少一种的荧光粉;
优选地,所述陶瓷载体为Al2O3、Y2O3、MgO和AlN中的至少一种;
优选地,所述陶瓷载体为纯相的陶瓷载体。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述装载荧光粉的陶瓷材料,其特征在于,所述陶瓷载体的折射率与所述荧光粉的折射率相似,优选二者折射率的差值不超过0.30;
优选地,所述陶瓷载体的折射率为1.70-1.90;
优选地,所述荧光粉的折射率为1.60-2.00;
优选地,所述陶瓷材料为多晶块状或片状材料。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述装载荧光粉的陶瓷材料,其特征在于,所述陶瓷材料为均匀装载Ce:Y3Al5O12荧光粉的MgO均相透明陶瓷材料、均匀装载Ce:Y3Al5O12荧光粉的Al2O3均相透明陶瓷材料、均匀装载Ce:Y3Al5O12荧光粉的Y2O3均相透明陶瓷材料;
优选地,所述陶瓷材料为透明陶瓷材料;
优选地,所述陶瓷材料的折射率为1.7-2.0;
优选地,所述陶瓷材料在可见光区域的透过率≥70%;
优选地,所述陶瓷材料的热导率为10-50W/(m·K);
优选地,所述陶瓷材料的发光效率≥60%;
优选地,所述陶瓷材料的烧结致密度至少达到理论烧结致密度的95%。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述装载荧光粉的陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)制备含有荧光粉、陶瓷原料粉体和烧结助剂的初始粉体;
2)对所述初始粉体进行排胶、保温,得到备烧粉体;
3)对所述备烧粉体进行保温烧结,得到透明陶瓷;
4)所述透明陶瓷经退火后,得到所述装载荧光粉的陶瓷材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述装载荧光粉的陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中所述陶瓷原料粉体为Al2O3、Y2O3、MgO和AlN中的至少一种;
优选地,步骤1)中所述烧结助剂为LiF、NaF、MgO、CaO、ZrO2、TiO2和四乙氧基硅烷中的至少一种;
优选地,步骤1)中所述荧光粉的重量占陶瓷原料粉体重量的0.5-15%;
优选地,步骤1)中所述烧结助剂的重量占陶瓷原料粉体重量的0.1-1%;
优选地,步骤1)中所述初始粉体的制备过程包括:将荧光粉、陶瓷原料粉体和烧结助剂混合、球磨均匀、烘干后过筛。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述装载荧光粉的陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中所述排胶的温度为600-800℃;
优选地,所述保温的时间为3-10h。
8.根据权利要求5-7任一项所述装载荧光粉的陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中所述烧结在烧结炉内进行;
优选地,步骤3)所述烧结时备烧粉体承受的压力为50-200MPa;
优选地,步骤3)中所述保温烧结的温度为1000-1300℃;优选地,所述保温烧结的时间为2-10min;优选地,所述烧结过程中的升温速率为50-150℃/min。
9.根据权利要求5-8任一项所述装载荧光粉的陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤4)中,所述退火的初始温度与保温烧结的温度相同或低于保温烧结的温度,例如为1000-1300℃;优选地,退火的时间为5-20h;优选地,在退火前先自然降温。
10.权利要求1-4任一项所述装载荧光粉的透明陶瓷材料、或权利要求5-8任一项所述方法制备得到的装载荧光粉的透明陶瓷材料在大功率照明或激光半导体照明中的应用。
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