CN113126191B - Optical device and optical system - Google Patents
Optical device and optical system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113126191B CN113126191B CN202110460495.6A CN202110460495A CN113126191B CN 113126191 B CN113126191 B CN 113126191B CN 202110460495 A CN202110460495 A CN 202110460495A CN 113126191 B CN113126191 B CN 113126191B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
- G02B5/09—Multifaceted or polygonal mirrors, e.g. polygonal scanning mirrors; Fresnel mirrors
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
- G02B5/10—Mirrors with curved faces
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Abstract
The invention provides an optical device and an optical system, comprising: a plurality of curved surfaces, the plurality of curved surfaces satisfying the following condition: the optical characteristics of the output light after the light passing through the focal point, the optical center or the bright point of one curved surface in the plurality of curved surfaces is modulated by the curved surface are the same as or within a preset first deviation range with the optical characteristics of the output light after the light passing through the focal point, the optical center or the bright point of the curved surface is modulated by the adjacent curved surface of the curved surface; the focuses, optical centers or alignment points of the curved surfaces are not all coincident, or the axes of the curved surfaces are not all parallel. By changing the parameters of the surface type of each curved surface, the optical center or focus or the ziming point and the axis of the curved surface are designed to be parameters, and the light rays with relatively large off-axis angles can still form better quality images.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical equipment, in particular to an optical device and an optical system.
Background
Conventional optical devices typically have a single continuous surface and parameters defining an optical center, focus, alignment point, optical axis, etc. In some applications, to reduce the thickness of the device, a fresnel mirror design may be used, where the principle is based on compressing the original optical surface into a discrete curved surface, but the focal point of each curved surface is still generally the same as the original surface. As disclosed in patent document CN101609198, a condensing mirror and an application device use a plurality of mirrors having the same structure with a smaller area instead of one of various concave mirrors having a larger area. In some applications where large angles of off-axis light exist, this design approach tends to introduce significant errors for off-axis light.
While the other type of optical device, such as a microlens array, is an independent unit, each sub-lens is generally not associated with each other, and does not require that light rays with the same characteristics pass through adjacent lenses to generate similar characteristics (e.g., parallel light rays pass through the lens array and are focused at respective focuses of the lenses, rather than a single focus of a single lens).
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the drawbacks of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide an optical device and an optical system.
An optical device according to the present invention includes: a plurality of curved surfaces, the plurality of curved surfaces satisfying the following condition:
the optical characteristics of the output light after the light passing through the focal point, the optical center or the bright point of one curved surface is modulated by the curved surface are the same as or within a preset first deviation range of the optical characteristics of the output light after the light passing through the focal point, the optical center or the bright point of the curved surface is modulated by the adjacent curved surface of the curved surface, wherein the first deviation can be the characteristics of the light (such as a focusing position, the size of the distribution of the focusing position on a transverse axis and a longitudinal axis, the size of a light spot at a certain position, a divergence angle, a deflection angle, a diopter, aberration such as linear spherical aberration coma aberration of the light, the center/the optical center of the light spot and the like) relative to a preset value, for example, the first deviation is that the radius of the light spot GEO of the focusing position is smaller than 2um, or the included angle between the output light is smaller than 0.001 °;
the focal points, optical centers and/or alignment points of the curved surfaces do not all coincide and/or the axes of the curved surfaces are not all parallel.
Preferably, the focal points, optical centers or parcels of the curved surfaces vary along a preset trajectory.
Preferably, the axes of the curved surfaces rotate or translate along a predetermined point or line.
Preferably, the optical characteristics include: the focal position (focal point) of the light, the optical center (e.g., rms center of a spot formed by the light at a certain position), the aperture, the diopter, any one or more of the deflection angle and the divergence angle.
Preferably, the axis of the curved surface is an axis of symmetry (some curved surfaces may have multiple axes of symmetry, such as ellipses), an optical axis, or an axis of curvature.
Preferably, the cross-sectional curve of the curved surface is a circle, ellipse, parabola or hyperbola.
Preferably, the curved surface is formed by rotating the curve along a point or a line, or by translating the curve along a certain direction.
Preferably, the expression of the section curve of the curved surface is
Wherein z and r are the coordinates corresponding to the curves on the section, c, k and a respectively p Is the parameter of the curve, n is the highest order of the higher-order terms, and p is the ordinal number.
Preferably, a plane having a preset angle with the curved surface is arranged between the curved surfaces.
Preferably, part or all of the area of the curved surface is plated with a reflective film.
Preferably, part or all of the area of the curved surface is plated with a polarizing film, light rays conforming to a preset polarization direction penetrate through the curved surface, and light rays with the polarization direction orthogonal to the preset polarization direction are reflected by the curved surface.
Preferably, part or all of the curved surface is plated with a reflection enhancing film, so that light rays with a preset proportion are reflected, and the rest light rays are transmitted.
Preferably, one side of the optical device is glued or bonded with another optical device of a complementary side type to the optical device.
Preferably, the refractive index of the material of the further optical device is the same as or within a predetermined second deviation from the refractive index of the optical device.
Preferably, the other optical device has a certain diopter relative to the surface of the optical device, or a lens with diopter or a transparent controllable spatial light modulator (such as a liquid crystal lens, a phase modulated LCD, etc.) can be bonded to the surface of the other optical device relative to the optical device
Preferably, the curved surface is filled with glue within a third deviation range which is the same as or preset by the refractive index of the material of the optical device.
Preferably, the surface of the glue opposite to the curved surface has a predetermined surface shape.
Preferably, the face shape has a preset optical power.
An optical system according to the present invention is provided comprising a plurality of said optical devices.
An optical system according to the present invention is provided comprising said optical device, further comprising a spatial light modulator for dynamically modulating the wavefront of the light. The spatial light modulator may be arranged outside the glued/bonded further optical device for modulating only ambient light (e.g. compensating for errors in myopia, astigmatism, etc. of the viewer's eye) or between the imaging device and the optical path of the optical device for modulating image light. Or may be disposed between the optics and the viewer for modulating both the image light and the ambient light. Or multiple spatial light modulators may be simultaneously provided at different locations for modulating image light and ambient light, respectively. The spatial light modulator may be a device capable of dynamically modulating LCoS, LCD, LC lens, etc., or a device capable of static liquid crystal lens, grating, etc.
An optical system according to the present invention comprises an optical device and further comprises a waveguide, at least one end of which is connected to the optical device.
Preferably, different areas of the surface of the waveguide are coated with films having different refractive indexes, for example, the whole surface is divided into two parts, one part is not coated with a film, and the other part is divided into a plurality of areas, and the plurality of areas are respectively coated with films having different refractive indexes.
Preferably, different areas of the surface of the waveguide are plated with film layers with different refractive indexes, the device and the surface of the waveguide can be also plated with an antireflection film according to the refractive indexes of the film layers in the corresponding areas, different areas can be plated with different antireflection films, and the whole waveguide and the surface of the device can be plated with the same antireflection film system.
Preferably, a region with a certain optical power is preset on the surface of the waveguide opposite to the optical device or the optical device with the certain optical power is connected with the waveguide.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides an optical device formed by a plurality of curved surfaces, wherein the optical center or focus or ziming point of each curved surface is not coincident with the adjacent curved surface, and the central axes (if any) of each curved surface are not parallel to each other (the included angles between the curved surfaces are changed according to a certain rule). The optical characteristic of the output light after the light passing through the focal point or the optical center or the bright point of one curved surface is modulated by the curved surface is similar to the optical characteristic of the output light after the light passing through the point is modulated by the curved surface adjacent to the curved surface, or one optical characteristic of the output light after at least one light passing through the focal point of one curved surface is modulated by the curved surface is the same as or within a preset first deviation range with one optical characteristic (focusing position, angle and the like) of the output light after at least one light passing through the point is modulated by the curved surface adjacent to the curved surface. By changing the parameters of the surface type of each curved surface, the optical center or focus or the ziming point and the axis of the curved surface are designed to be parameters, and the light rays with relatively large off-axis angles can still form better quality images.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, given with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIGS. 1, 2a, 2b and 3 are schematic diagrams of the structure and optical path of an optical device according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the device;
fig. 5a is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2;
FIG. 5b is a schematic view of the optical path of embodiment 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure and optical path of embodiment 3;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a modified structure and an optical path of embodiment 3;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a modification of embodiment 3 and an optical path.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
An optical device is composed of 100 intersecting curved surfaces of similar surface shape, and is shown simplified to four curved surfaces with reference to fig. 2. As shown in fig. 2a, the first curved surface 1 and 2 intersect, the second curved surface 2 intersects the first curved surface 1 and the third curved surface 3, the third curved surface 3 intersects the second curved surface 2, the fourth curved surface 4, and so on. The section of each curved surface adopts a parabola, the curved surface is obtained by rotating the parabola around a symmetry axis, the focus of the parabola is a zimine point, and the symmetry axis of the parabola is a curved surface center axis. The adjacent curved surfaces Ji Mingdian can be designed to vary along a trajectory with the central axes/symmetry axes (if any) of the adjacent curved surfaces not parallel (varying at an angle). After the multiple adjacent curved surfaces are coated with the reflective film, the light rays passing through the alignment points of the first curved surface 1 (which can be formed by rotating a part of line segments of the parabolic edge without the vertex) are incident to the first curved surface 1 and reflected, and then all the light rays parallel to the central axis of the first curved surface 1 are emergent, and after part of the light rays passing through the alignment points of the first curved surface 1 are incident to the adjacent second curved surface 2, as Ji Mingdian of the second curved surface 2 is not overlapped with the alignment points of the first curved surface 1, the light rays are equivalent to the light rays emitted from the points which generate certain offset to the alignment points of the second curved surface 2 for the second curved surface 2, and the angles of the reflected light rays form a certain angle with the central axis of the second curved surface 2. Because the central axis of the second curved surface 2 is not parallel to the first curved surface 1, the angle between the central axis of the second curved surface 2 and the central axis of the first curved surface 1 and the focal length (the distance from the vertex of a parabola to the focal point) of the curved surface can be designed to ensure that the light ray passing through the clear point of the first curved surface 1 is approximately parallel to the angle of the light ray passing through the same point and reflected by the first curved surface 1 after being reflected by the second curved surface 2, and the aberration is minimum. The advantage of this design compared to a curved surface rotated by a complete parabola is that when a light ray (such as a parallel light beam) with a larger off-axis angle is incident on a single curved surface, the converging point of the light ray is far away from the bright point (on the axis of the single curved surface), while a light ray (such as a parallel light beam) with a larger off-axis angle corresponding to 100 independent curved surfaces has a part passing through a certain curved surface bright point (the light ray passing through the bright point has no aberration, such as the light ray passing through the bright point of the first curved surface 1 is incident on the first curved surface 1, the light path is opposite, and the distance from the converging point of the light ray to the bright point of the adjacent curved surface is far less than the converging point (actually a light spot with a certain size and shape but not a single point) of the single curved surface, so that the aberration is greatly reduced.
In a variation of the above embodiment, the cross section of each curved surface may also be a curve based on a parabolic curve incorporating higher order terms, e.g. expressed as,
wherein k is a conic coefficient, k= -1 when the curve is parabolic, k e (-1, 0) U (0, 1) when the curve is elliptic, of course the conic coefficient k can take any value greater than 1 or less than-1 and a as required p Is a higher-order term coefficient corresponding to the curve. By providing each corresponding section curve with a different c, k, a p And the parameters and the angles of the rotating coordinate systems z and y can optimize the design structure and reduce the aberration.
The cross section of the curved surface in the above embodiment may also be an ellipse, and the curved surface is a torus formed by rotating an elliptic curve around a certain straight line (for example, a major axis or a minor axis of the ellipse, or any straight line in a coordinate system). As shown in fig. 2b, an input light ray passing through an elliptic focus (ziming point) is focused on another focus of the ellipse, and the whole input object plane is positioned on a track formed by linking one focus of one side of a plurality of elliptic curved surfaces, and after modulation, the input light ray is focused on a track formed by another focus of the plurality of curved surfaces.
It should be noted that each of the individual curved surfaces described in the above embodiments may constitute only a small portion of the curved surface by a complete mathematical expression, for example, the cross section is only a small segment of a complete parabola that does not contain the vertex of the parabola (of course, depending on the application, a symmetrical segment containing the vertex may also be used), which is itself asymmetrical (the portion symmetrical along the central axis is omitted, and is not designed into the device), and the light ray whose focus is incident on this surface has a large off-axis angle (angle with respect to the optical axis/central axis/symmetry axis constituted by the focus of the parabola to the vertex).
In the above embodiment, the surface of the device may be coated with an antireflection film or a non-coating film instead of the reflective film, and the device may be used as a transmissive device.
The optical device in the above embodiment may be applied to optical instruments such as a microscope and a telescope, and may also be applied to near-to-eye display systems such as AR/VR.
Example 2
An optical device having a size of 20x20x1mm is formed by gluing or bonding two optical devices having a surface comprising a plurality of curved surfaces. One of the devices (first device 5, as shown in fig. 5) includes about 2000 annular curved surfaces (similar to the annular surface in fig. 4) with a size of about 0.01x20x0.01mm, wherein each of the curved surfaces has a parabolic base surface (higher order terms may be added in design, and the cone coefficient and curvature may be adjusted), and the design of the whole device is similar to that of example 1. The difference from embodiment 1 is that the surface of the first device 5 constituted by a plurality of curved surfaces in this embodiment is plated with a polarizing reflection film that reflects light of a specific polarization direction (e.g., S polarization) and transmits light of other polarization directions (e.g., P polarization). Another difference from embodiment 1 is that the device further comprises a second device 6, one surface of which has a complementary surface shape to the surface of the first device 5 comprising a plurality of curved surfaces (as shown in fig. 5 a), which are bonded together by means of gluing (or alternatively bonding), so that the first device 5 and the second device 6 together constitute the device in this embodiment. The second device 6 and the first device 5 are made of materials (such as PC, PMMA or optical glass) similar to or the same as each other.
In AR-like applications, the device in this embodiment may function as a modulating image and combiner (combining image light and ambient light as shown in fig. 5 b). Where image light is input after being generated by an imaging device (e.g., LCOS, SLM, micro LED, DLP, OLED, MEMS SCANNER, etc.), it may be modulated into a specific polarization direction (e.g., linear polarization, S polarization), and ambient light is typically all polarized, light of one polarization direction (e.g., S polarization) will be reflected, and light of the other polarization direction (e.g., P polarization) will be transmitted, thereby being optically combined with the image. Because the refractive index of the first device 5 and the refractive index of the second device 6 are similar or identical, the non-glued/bonded surfaces thereof can be designed to be planar, so that the imaging of the environment in the human eye is not substantially affected by the ambient light passing through the device like through a piece of flat glass. The polarizing film can be a grating type polarizing film or a polarizing film formed by a plurality of layers of media.
In a modification of this embodiment, instead of using a polarization type coating on the surface of the first device 5 including the plurality of curved surfaces, a coating mode in which a certain proportion of light is transmitted and a certain proportion of light is reflected (e.g., 60% reflection, 40% transmission) may be used. In some special designs, the portion of the image light transmitted after entering the curved surface of the first device 5 may be reflected or transmitted to other directions without returning to the return path after entering the other surface again (other curved surface or surface of the second device 6) and not becoming stray light interfering with imaging. It is also possible that the portion of the ambient light reflected after entering the curved surface of the first device 5 will be reflected or transmitted to other directions after entering the other surface again (the other curved surface or the surface of the second device 6) and cannot return to the return path light path without being stray light interference imaging.
In a modification of this embodiment, a selective coating process may be used, where the first device 5 includes a plurality of curved surfaces, and a portion of each curved surface is coated with a film (a metal-coated reflective film, a polarizing film, or a partially reflective film), so as to implement reflection imaging of a portion of the image light, and at the same time, a portion of the ambient light is also capable of transmitting the imaging and combining the image light functions. The film plating can be realized by using a mask similar to a semiconductor process to shield the part which does not need to be plated, or a photoresist can be used for manufacturing a protective layer in the area which does not need to be plated (using the mask and the photolithography process), and the photoresist is washed away after the whole surface is plated with the needed film, so that the film on the photoresist is washed away simultaneously to realize the purpose of plating the part of the area.
In a modification of this embodiment, a planar structure at an angle may be periodically interposed between curved surfaces in the surface patterns of the plurality of curved surfaces of the first device 5. Since the image light is generally incident at a relatively large angle (as shown in fig. 3 and 5 b), if the angle of the plane with respect to the incident image light is well controlled in design, the image light can be made incident only on the curved surface structure without being incident on the interposed plane. For example, in fig. 3, a series of planes inserted at an angle greater than a certain value from the object plane of the image (in this case, the object planes are the same plane) ensures that the incident light generated by the object plane is incident only on the curved structure and not on the inserted planar structure. When the structure is used, the reflecting film can be plated on the curved surface structure only, and the inserted planar structure is not plated with the reflecting film, so that all image light can be ensured to be reflected and imaged by the curved surface, and the light efficiency can be improved. At the same time, part of the ambient light can pass through the uncoated planar structure and the image light is combined, and the other part of the ambient light is reflected by the curved surface. There are two different types of light in the reflected ambient light. One type of reflected ambient light will return from the surface of the second device 6 on which the light is incident and exit, and does not affect the viewing and imaging of the human eye, and the other type of reflected ambient light will enter the human eye through the adjacent planar structure and enter the adjacent curved surface through the reflection combining way, and because the curved surface structure is smaller (in this example, the width is 0.01 mm), and the adjacent curved surface is very close, the light is reflected for 2 times by two nearly parallel surfaces (the original angle of the light is not changed) similar to the part of the light, so the aberration formed by the light emitted from the adjacent curved surface for 1 time by the multiple reflection is very small, and the final imaging quality is not affected. Of course, the special design of the curved surface and the insertion plane can also be used, so that the portion of the ambient light reflected by the curved surface only has the reflected light of the first type or only has the reflected light of the second type.
In addition, another advantage of the insertion plane is that the included angle of the junction of the adjacent curved surfaces is conveniently controlled, and the processing is convenient.
In a variant of this embodiment the surface of the second device 6 that is not glued/bonded can also be designed to be curved (with a certain optical power) to correct the aberrations (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, etc.) present in the eyes of the viewer themselves, so as to perform a function equivalent to spectacles for external ambient light.
In a modification of this embodiment, the second device 6 may be fabricated by casting a material (e.g., optical cement, ultraviolet cement, molten plastic material, etc.) having a refractive index similar to or the same as that of the first device 5 on the first device 5. For example, the ultraviolet sensitive optical adhesive with the same refractive index as the first device 5 is directly filled on the surface of the first device 5 comprising a plurality of curved surfaces, and is slightly higher than the highest point (for example, 0.1 mm) of the curved surface of the first device 5 after spin coating or strickling, and then is exposed and cured by an ultraviolet lamp. The manufacturing process can also be manufactured by pressing a mold with a special shape on the adhesive material and then exposing the adhesive material. The surface of the demolded adhesive facing away from the first device 5 forms a surface shape (can have a certain focal power) of the mold, so that the aberration of human eyes on ambient light can be calibrated, and the function of glasses is realized.
All the coatings mentioned in this embodiment may also be plated on the surface of the second device 6 (the surface glued or bonded to the first device 5) instead of on the surface of the first device 5.
Example 3
An optical system comprising 2 sheets of the optical device described in embodiments 1 and 2 comprising a plurality of curved surfaces, the plurality of curved surfaces being of a parabolic-like surface type, as shown in fig. 6. The incident image light is parallel light with different angles from infinity, the incident image light is modulated by the device (defined as a first device in this example) as described in the embodiment 1, is focused into an intermediate image plane in the middle of the light path of the device (defined as a second device in this example) as described in the embodiment 2, and then propagates to the device as described in the embodiment 2, and is modulated again to be emitted from parallel light with different angles from near infinity, and the ambient light can be viewed by a viewer through the second device and the image light combiner. The aberration can be further reduced and the imaging quality can be improved by adopting the device with the similar two-piece surface type of the first device and the second device. In addition, the first device and the second device modulate the image light in a reflection mode, and the first device and the second device have the advantages that chromatic aberration cannot be generated by reflection, and the influence caused by chromatic aberration can be effectively reduced for a color image. For this feature, when other optical devices are also included in the system (e.g., a lens for modulating the image to compensate for aberrations between the first device and the imaging device), the reflective type of device can be selected as much as possible, thereby avoiding the occurrence of chromatic aberrations.
In a variation of this embodiment, the first device may also use a transmissive mirror formed by a plurality of curved surfaces to complement the aberrations of the second device.
In a modification of this embodiment, the plurality of curved surfaces may have a surface shape having a cross section similar to a hyperbola, and the outgoing image may be modulated to a limited distance.
In a modification of this embodiment, the plurality of curved surfaces of the first device may take an elliptical-like surface shape, the plurality of curved surfaces of the second device may take a parabolic-like or hyperbolic-like surface shape, the imaging device may be disposed directly in the vicinity of focal tracks of the plurality of ellipses, and the focal track of the plurality of curved surfaces of the second device may be disposed in the vicinity of focal tracks of the other side of the plurality of ellipses. This has the advantage that since the imaging device is typically a pixel structure, no new optics need be added to modulate the image light output by the pixels into parallel light at an angle to be directed to the first device. In a variant of this embodiment, a waveguide 7 (for example 80x40x4 mm) may also be added, as shown in fig. 7. The waveguide serves to compress the optical path volume and reduce the system size. In this example, the image light output by the imaging device is modulated and then led into the waveguide, and a polarizing prism, a TIR prism, a triangular prism and the like can be used to connect the imaging device and the waveguide (the imaging device can be glued on one surface of the prism), if a reflective imaging device such as LCOS, DMD, MEMS SCANNER and the like requiring an external light source is used, the light source can be connected on one surface of the prism, and a certain-surface-type reflecting mirror can be glued on the other side surface of the prism to modulate the image light and then led into the waveguide, wherein the refractive index of the material used by the prism can be similar or the same as that of the waveguide, the image light entering the waveguide is totally reflected in the waveguide after being modulated by the first device, and an intermediate image surface is formed inside the waveguide. And the light is input into the second device after multiple total reflections, and is reflected out of the waveguide device and enters human eyes after being modulated. Ambient light is coupled to the image light through the second device and the optical waveguide and then into the human eye. In this case, image light taking into account defects of the human eye (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, etc.) can be compensated for by modulation before being introduced into the waveguide, so that it can be normally viewed by viewers of different myopia or astigmatism powers. The ambient light may be compensated by making a surface form with a certain optical power on that surface of the second device facing the external environment (as described in example 2) or by adding an additional lens to the second device. As shown in fig. 8, in a modification of this embodiment, it is also possible to glue or bond a lens 8 having a certain optical power on the surface of the waveguide facing the human eye, or directly make the relevant area of this surface of the waveguide into a surface shape having a certain optical power, so as to compensate for the defects of the human eye itself. The advantage of this solution is that both ambient light and image light can be compensated for simultaneously without additional compensation of the image light.
In a variation of this embodiment, instead of using a device formed by multiple curved surfaces as described herein, the first device may also use a common lens or mirror, and the system couples the image light into the waveguide in a manner (e.g., adding a triangular prism or grating when using a lens solution).
In a modification of this embodiment, a film layer with different refractive indexes may be further plated on the partial area where the surface of the waveguide contacts the first device and the second device, and the exit position of the incident light may be controlled by the angle of the incident light (the light with a larger angle continues to be totally reflected in the waveguide in some areas due to the smaller refractive index of the surface film layer, the light angle is larger than the critical angle until reaching the area with a larger refractive index of the surface, the critical angle increases, and the optical angle is smaller than the critical angle), so that the problem of light exiting at the wrong position in the waveguide is avoided, and the thickness of the waveguide may be reduced. An antireflection film is also plated between the surface of the waveguide and the film layers with different refractive indexes and between the film layers with different refractive indexes and the first and second devices, so that the light transmittance is increased.
In a modification of this embodiment, a phase-modulated spatial light modulator (which can dynamically simulate any curved surface or modulate any wavefront) may be further added, and dynamic modulation of the image light output from the imaging device is achieved through control of an electrical signal, so that a function of dynamically changing the image distance seen by the viewer (which may be one image for one distance or may be one image for a plurality of objects with different distances) is achieved, and conditions of eyes of different users (different myopia degrees, astigmatism degrees, etc.) are compensated through software parameter setting. The spatial light modulator may be disposed between the imaging device and the waveguide, may be glued directly to the surface of the waveguide as the first device or the second device, or may be directly replaced by a spatial light modulator (e.g., using a phase modulating LCOS-like device), simulating the modulation of the input light wavefront by the first device. Compared with the main stream diffraction waveguide (SRG, bulk grating, etc.) and array waveguide (formed by splicing prisms) in the industry, the multi-curved optical device has no pupil splicing problem, and the problems that the two waveguides can only be suitable for images with specific distance (generally, the two waveguides are suitable for imaging infinite parallel light, image breakage, pupil overlapping, image blurring, etc. can occur after the image with a relatively close object distance is imported) are avoided.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships illustrated in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present application and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without affecting the spirit of the invention. The embodiments of the present application and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (21)
1. An optical device, comprising: a plurality of curved surfaces, the plurality of curved surfaces satisfying the following condition:
the optical characteristics of the output light after the light passing through the focal point of one curved surface of the curved surfaces is modulated by the curved surface are the same as or within a preset first deviation range with the optical characteristics of the output light after the light passing through the focal point of the curved surface is modulated by the adjacent curved surface of the curved surface,
and/or the optical characteristic of the output light after the light passing through the zimine point of one curved surface is modulated by the curved surface is the same as or within a preset first deviation range with the optical characteristic of the output light after the light passing through the zimine point of the curved surface is modulated by the adjacent curved surface of the curved surface,
or the optical characteristic of the output light after the light passing through the optical center of one curved surface is modulated by the curved surface is the same as the optical characteristic of the output light after the light passing through the optical center of the curved surface is modulated by the adjacent curved surface of the curved surface or is in a preset first deviation range;
the first deviation is the deviation of the characteristic of the light ray per se relative to a preset value;
the focal points of the multiple curved surfaces do not all coincide,
and/or the multiple surfaces may not all coincide,
or the optical centers of the plurality of curved surfaces do not all coincide,
or axes of the curved surfaces are not all parallel;
the optical characteristics include: a focal position, an aperture, a deflection angle, a divergence angle, an aberration, or any one or more of the above.
2. An optical device according to claim 1, wherein the focal points and/or optical centers and/or parcels of the plurality of curved surfaces vary along a predetermined trajectory.
3. The optical device of claim 1, wherein the axis of the curved surface rotates or translates along a predetermined point or line.
4. An optical device according to claim 1, wherein the axis of the curved surface is an axis of symmetry or an optical axis or an axis of curvature of a surface.
5. An optical device according to claim 1, wherein the curved surface has a cross-sectional curve that is circular or elliptical or parabolic or hyperbolic.
6. The optical device of claim 1, wherein the curved surface is formed by a curve rotated along a point or line or by a curve translated in a direction.
7. The optical device of claim 1, wherein the curved surface has a cross-sectional curve expressed as
Wherein z and r are the coordinates corresponding to the curves on the section, c, k and a respectively p Is the parameter of the curve, n is the order of the highest curve order, and p is the ordinal number.
8. The optical device of claim 1, wherein a plane having a predetermined angle with respect to the curved surface is disposed between the plurality of curved surfaces.
9. The optical device of claim 1, wherein a portion or all of the curved surface is coated with a reflective film.
10. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein a part or all of the curved surface is coated with a polarizing film, light conforming to a predetermined polarization direction is transmitted through the curved surface, and light having a polarization direction orthogonal to the predetermined polarization direction is reflected by the curved surface.
11. The optical device of claim 1, wherein part or all of the curved surface is coated with a reflection enhancing film to reflect a predetermined proportion of light rays and transmit the remaining light rays.
12. An optical device according to claim 1, wherein one side of the optical device is glued or bonded with another optical device of a complementary side type to the optical device.
13. An optical device according to claim 12, wherein the refractive index of the material of the further optical device is the same as or within a predetermined second deviation from the refractive index of the optical device.
14. An optical device according to claim 12, wherein the curved surface is filled with glue having the same refractive index as the material of the optical device or within a predetermined third deviation.
15. An optical device according to claim 12 or 14, wherein the surface of the other optical device opposite to the surface to which the optical device is bonded or glued has a predetermined surface shape, or the surface of the other optical device opposite to the surface to which the optical device is bonded/glued has a spatial light modulator, or the surface of the glue opposite to the curved surface has a predetermined surface shape after curing.
16. The optic of claim 15, wherein the facet has a predetermined optical power.
17. An optical system comprising a plurality of optical devices of claim 1.
18. An optical system comprising the optical device of claim 1, further comprising a spatial light modulator for dynamically modulating the wavefront.
19. An optical system comprising the optical device of claim 1, further comprising a waveguide, at least one end of the waveguide being connected to the optical device.
20. The optical system of claim 19, wherein different areas of the surface of the waveguide are coated with films having different refractive indices.
21. An optical system according to claim 19, wherein the surface of the waveguide opposite the optical device has a region of optical power or is connected to an optical device having optical power.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110460495.6A CN113126191B (en) | 2021-04-27 | 2021-04-27 | Optical device and optical system |
| PCT/CN2022/083331 WO2022227977A1 (en) | 2021-04-27 | 2022-03-28 | Optical device and optical system |
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| CN202110460495.6A CN113126191B (en) | 2021-04-27 | 2021-04-27 | Optical device and optical system |
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| CN113126191A CN113126191A (en) | 2021-07-16 |
| CN113126191B true CN113126191B (en) | 2023-06-27 |
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| WO (1) | WO2022227977A1 (en) |
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| CN113126191B (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2023-06-27 | 上海慧希电子科技有限公司 | Optical device and optical system |
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| WO2022227977A1 (en) | 2022-11-03 |
| CN113126191A (en) | 2021-07-16 |
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