WO2023108949A1 - Optical device, optical system and ar device - Google Patents

Optical device, optical system and ar device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023108949A1
WO2023108949A1 PCT/CN2022/083330 CN2022083330W WO2023108949A1 WO 2023108949 A1 WO2023108949 A1 WO 2023108949A1 CN 2022083330 W CN2022083330 W CN 2022083330W WO 2023108949 A1 WO2023108949 A1 WO 2023108949A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical
light
optical device
waveguide
optical power
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PCT/CN2022/083330
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
谈顺毅
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上海慧希电子科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023108949A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023108949A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/12004—Combinations of two or more optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • G02B6/124—Geodesic lenses or integrated gratings
    • G02B6/1245—Geodesic lenses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of AR optics, in particular, to an optical device, an optical system and an AR device.
  • the two most prominent problems are low light efficiency (often less than 10%, and some diffractive waveguides are even less than 1%), and the principle obstacle that the image cannot be adjusted far and near (The waveguide design is generally fixed at infinity according to the image. If the image distance is shortened, a series of problems such as image cracking and image quality deterioration will occur).
  • Optical solutions for AR/VR devices with free-form surfaces have higher light efficiency, and the solution itself does not have the principle obstacle that the image distance cannot be adjusted, but its thickness and volume are difficult to make small, and there are also problems that are difficult to promote on a large scale. obstacle.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an optical device, an optical system and an AR device.
  • part of the incident light undergoes at least one total reflection in the optical device, at least a part of the surface of the optical device is the surface 201 with optical power, and the incident light undergoing total reflection enters the After the surface 201 having optical power changes optical power.
  • the incident light undergoing total reflection is reflected by the surface 201 having optical power.
  • incident light not undergoing total reflection in said optical device is transmitted from said surface 201 having optical power.
  • the optical power of light transmitted from said surface 201 having optical power does not change.
  • At least part of the surfaces of the optical device are parallel to each other, forming a total reflection structure for the part of the incident light.
  • the surface type of the surface 201 with optical power is any one of spherical surface, paraboloid, ellipsoid, hyperboloid or any combination of various surface types.
  • the surface 201 with optical power is coated with an anti-reflection film and/or a polarizing film.
  • the optical device comprises a plurality of surfaces 201 having optical power.
  • the included angle between the tangent of any point on the connection surface connecting the plurality of surfaces 201 with optical power and the surface that totally reflects the light is greater than or equal to the total reflection of the light in the optical device and the surface that totally reflects the light the largest angle formed. In this way, the image light propagating in the waveguide can only be reflected on the surface with optical power, and will not hit the connection surface to form stray light or waste energy.
  • the surface 201 with optical power is prepared with surface-fitted complementary surface devices.
  • another surface is a plane or a curved surface.
  • the part of the optical device having the surface 201 with optical power and other parts are processed and formed through the same mold at one time.
  • the optical device includes two parts, respectively denoted as the first part 100 of the device and the second part 200 of the device;
  • the first part 100 of the device includes a waveguide device in which light propagates through total reflection
  • the second part 200 of the device comprises said device having a surface with optical power.
  • the waveguide device is made of a waveguide material medium in which light propagates; or
  • the waveguide device is composed of two dielectric plates, wherein the space between the two dielectric plates is a hollow structure.
  • light rays corresponding to different fields of view converge at least once in the optical device.
  • the waveguide device satisfies the condition: the total reflection experienced by the image light entering the second part 200 of the device reflected from the side surface of the waveguide device connected to the surface 201 with optical power before entering the second part 200 of the device
  • the number of times is one less than the number of total reflections experienced by the image light reflected from the other side surface of the waveguide device opposite to the one side surface and entering the second part 200 of the device before entering the second part 200 of the device.
  • the waveguide device satisfies the condition: the total reflection experienced by the image light entering the second part 200 of the device reflected from the side surface of the waveguide device connected to the surface 201 with optical power before entering the second part 200 of the device the same number of times.
  • the thickness of the waveguide device satisfies the condition that the image light reflected from the second part 200 of the waveguide device and entering the second part 200 of the device is reflected from the other side surface of the waveguide device connected to the surface 201 having optical power.
  • Section 200 has previously experienced the same number of total reflections.
  • part of the surface of the waveguide device is prepared with a film that changes polarization properties, and the polarization properties of light that undergoes different total reflection times in the waveguide device or on the surface of the waveguide device are different when entering the second part 200 of the device.
  • the different parts of the optical device are assembled into the same device by gluing or bonding.
  • At least one side surface of the optical device is also glued, bonded or prepared with a curved surface with optical power to correct the eyesight of the viewer.
  • the optical device further includes components made of materials with different refractive indices.
  • the optical device further includes a turning component.
  • the optical device is glued or bonded in multiple parts; wherein:
  • the glued or bonded surfaces are coated with films that modify the properties of incident light;
  • One or more devices that change the properties of incident light are prepared on the glued or bonded surface.
  • the light properties include: any one or more properties of polarization, wavelength, phase, and energy.
  • the optical device is formed by gluing or bonding multiple parts; wherein: the glued or bonded surface is coated with films of different refractive indices; and/or the glued or bonded surface is prepared with one or more devices with different refractive indices.
  • the outer side of the optical device is coated with a thin film, and the thin film constitutes a protective layer and/or is attached to the protective layer by the thin film.
  • the curved surface with optical power is a continuous curved surface, a Fresnel surface, or a component equivalent to a curved surface that can be modulated.
  • the outside of the optical device is coated with a thin film (such as a tempered film, the refractive index of which can be different or the same as that of the optical device), and the protective layer is formed by the thin film and/or the protective layer is pasted by the thin film (such as using a low refractive index optical glue) Attach the tempered film, the optical adhesive becomes a thin film after curing, which does not destroy the total reflection characteristics of the light inside the device, and the tempered film prevents damage to the device).
  • a thin film such as a tempered film, the refractive index of which can be different or the same as that of the optical device
  • the protective layer is formed by the thin film and/or the protective layer is pasted by the thin film (such as using a low refractive index optical glue) Attach the tempered film, the optical adhesive becomes a thin film after curing, which does not destroy the total reflection characteristics of the light inside the device, and the tempered film prevents damage to the device).
  • An optical system provided according to the present invention includes the optical device and an imaging device;
  • the light output by the imaging device is coupled into the optical device.
  • the imaging device is at least one of LCoS, DMD, LCD, Miro LED, OLED, MEMS Scanner.
  • the optical system further includes at least one of a lens, a mirror, a prism, a grating, a wave plate, an optical rotator, a polarizer, a filter, an aperture, a light source, and an optical fiber.
  • a lens a mirror, a prism, a grating, a wave plate, an optical rotator, a polarizer, a filter, an aperture, a light source, and an optical fiber.
  • the optical system further includes a variable device capable of changing the optical power.
  • the optical system further includes an adjustment mechanism for changing the spatial position of each component.
  • the included angle between the tangent of any point on the surface with optical power and the surface that causes total reflection of light is less than or equal to Among them, n is the refractive index of the optical device material, and ⁇ is the maximum angle formed by the external incident ambient light and the normal of the surface that makes the total reflection of the light. Therefore, when the ambient light incident from the outside passes through the entire optical device, it will not be incident on the surface 201 with optical power from the inside (the same side as the image light) and then be wrongly reflected as stray light and affect viewing.
  • the complementary surface 301 is coated with a polarizing film and/or a film layer with absorption properties (or a film layer with polarization absorption properties can also be coated on 201, and a film layer with polarized reflection properties is coated on the complementary surface 301) .
  • the surface 201 with optical power is coated with a polarizing film that reflects S light and transmits P light
  • the complementary surface 301 is coated with a film that absorbs S light and transmits P light, so that the S light that is transmitted from the outside and the light that is not Part of the S image light completely reflected by the focal surface 201 is absorbed on the complementary surface 301, and will not be reflected by the focal surface 201 and become stray light to affect viewing.
  • the part of the optical device that undergoes total reflection of light or the part of total reflection and the surface part (waveguide and in-coupling and out-coupling surface) with optical power is removed, and the complementary surface device is integrally manufactured with the rest, such as Figure 15 shows.
  • the advantage of this is that the entire optical device only includes two parts, which can reduce the cost and reduce the equipment process. Or it can be integrated with the total reflection part and the surface with optical power. After coating, put it into a specific mold, fill the mold with curable optical glue or optical liquid, and make it into a product after curing (such as UV exposure or heat curing).
  • the complementary surface type and other devices are integrally manufactured in the mold filled with the total reflection part and the focal power surface part. After molding, it is a whole product without additional manufacturing and gluing, which can further reduce the process and reduce the cost.
  • An AR device provided according to the present invention includes the optical device or the optical system.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention proposes a new solution, by integrating traditional optical devices such as lenses and mirrors into waveguide devices, to reduce the problem of excessive thickness and volume of traditional free-form surface solutions, and not through multiple partial transmission Partially reflective pupil expansion couples out light, thereby avoiding the problems of low light efficiency of the existing waveguide scheme, and the inability to adjust the image distance in principle (the light field display is not friendly).
  • the propagation of light in the waveguide is accurately calculated.
  • the parameters such as the angle, position, and number of total reflections of the image light propagating in the waveguide can avoid problems such as ghosting, stray light, etc. that may be caused by light propagation errors after being introduced into the waveguide.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the three parts of the optical device.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the propagation path of light in an optical device.
  • Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of coupling-in and coupling-out respectively through curved surfaces on both sides of the optical device.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical device having multiple curved surfaces.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of various parts of an optical device with multiple curved surfaces before combination.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of integral molding of an optical device with multiple curved surfaces.
  • Figure 7 is an optical device with a vision correcting curved surface.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first part of the device including lenses with different refractive indices.
  • Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram including a turning scheme.
  • Fig. 10 is a structural schematic diagram including another turning scheme.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the principle of an optical device composed of upper and lower waveguides.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the principle of an optical device composed of upper and lower waveguides with a protective layer on the outside.
  • Fig. 13 is a structural schematic diagram of the optical rotator in which the positions of the part with the curved surface and the part of the planar waveguide are different.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of film layers or devices with different refractive indices in the device.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of an optical device comprising only two components.
  • the figure shows:
  • the present invention provides an AR device, such as AR glasses or an AR helmet.
  • the AR device includes an optical device, which is applied to an AR display system.
  • Mixed Reality Mix Reality, MR
  • MR Mixed Reality
  • the optical device includes two parts, respectively denoted as the first part 100 of the device and the second part 200 of the device.
  • the first part 100 of the device comprises a waveguide device in which light propagates through total reflection.
  • the first part 100 of the device is a planar waveguide 101 whose surfaces are parallel to each other, whose length and width are 35 ⁇ 40mm and whose thickness is 5mm, that is, a waveguide device, preferably made of a waveguide dielectric material (such as plastics such as EP9000 and E48R). , or optical glass with high refractive index, etc.), light propagates in the waveguide dielectric material; There is a hollow structure between the plates, and the light propagates in the hollow structure.
  • a waveguide dielectric material such as plastics such as EP9000 and E48R.
  • the second part 200 of the device (the length and width are 18 ⁇ 40 mm, and the thickness at the junction with the first part 100 of the device is 5 mm) includes a portion with curvature, and the second part 200 of the device contains a surface 201 with a focal power (the length and width are 18 ⁇ 18mm), the surface type of the surface 201 with focal power is any surface type or any combination of various surface types in spherical, paraboloid, ellipsoid, hyperboloid or other curved surfaces that can be characterized by mathematical expressions;
  • the incident light that undergoes total reflection enters the surface 201 with optical power, and the optical power changes, and is reflected by the surface 201 with optical power, and then coupled out of the optical device; the incident light that does not experience total reflection in the optical device Light is transmitted from the surface 201 with optical power, and the optical power of the light transmitted from the surface 201 with optical power does not change.
  • the refractive index between the second part 200 of the device and the waveguide 101 of the first part 100 of the device is similar (similar means, for example, that the difference between the two is less than 0.1, for example, the difference in refractive index is less than 0.1) or the same.
  • both the waveguide and the second part are made of EP9000 material.
  • the thickness of the interface between the second part 200 of the device and the first part 100 of the device is consistent with the waveguide 101 of the first part 100 of the device, and the surface 201 with optical power can be regarded as an outcoupling curved surface, or the second part 200 of the device can be regarded as a coupling surface out parts.
  • the waveguide device in which the light propagates through total reflection can also be, for example, a wedge-shaped or tapered waveguide, so that every time the light is fully reflected in the waveguide, its incident angle with the surface of the waveguide changes (the light passes through the thick end of the waveguide. When it propagates to the thin end, the angle of incidence that intersects with the surface normal decreases each time, and vice versa, the angle of incidence increases), thereby increasing the control parameters for the propagation of light in the waveguide, which can make the optical design more flexible.
  • the optical device also includes a complementary surface part 300 (length and width is 25 * 40 mm), as shown in Figure 1, there is a pair of surface surfaces between the complementary surface part 300 and the second part 200 of the device
  • the complementary surface that is, the complementary surface 301 of the complementary surface part 300 and the surface 201 having optical power of the second part 200 of the device are complementary in surface type.
  • the complementary surface part 300 and the second part 200 of the device are glued (using glue with a similar or the same refractive index) or bonded connection.
  • the refractive index between the complementary surface portion 300 and the second portion 200 of the device is similar or the same.
  • the complementary surface part and the curved part are made of EP9000 material.
  • the refractive indices of the complementary surface portion 300 , the second portion 200 of the device, and the waveguide 101 of the first portion 100 of the device are similar or identical.
  • the thickness of the complementary surface part 300 after being glued or bonded to the second part 200 of the device is consistent with that of the waveguide 101 of the first part 100 of the device.
  • the complementary face part 300 has an externally facing face 302 which, in FIG. 1 , is planar. In FIG. 7, however, the outwardly facing surface 302 of the complementary surface component 300 is curved to provide vision correction.
  • the image light enters the waveguide from the waveguide 101 side of the first part 100 of the device, and reaches the interface between the waveguide and the part with curvature of the second part 200 of the device after undergoing multiple total reflections, that is, reaches the first part 100 of the device.
  • the upper surface of the waveguide 101 in FIG. 2 is the outer surface of the waveguide or called the front surface, or also called the distal surface, that is, the surface of the waveguide away from the eyes of the AR wearer.
  • the waveguide 101 is shown in FIG. 2 Opposite to the upper surface is the lower surface, which is the inner surface of the waveguide or called the rear surface, or also called the proximal surface, that is, the surface of the waveguide close to the eyes of the AR wearer.
  • the surface 201 having optical power of the second part 200 of the device is connected to the upper surface of the waveguide 101 .
  • the number of total reflections experienced in the waveguide 101 before entering the second part 200 of the device is the same between all light rays whose last total reflection surface is the upper surface of the waveguide 101 in the waveguide 101.
  • the last total reflection surface in the waveguide 101 is The number of total reflections experienced within the waveguide 101 before entering the second part 200 of the device is also the same between all light rays on the lower surface of the waveguide 101 .
  • the light is, for example, image light, such as image light in an AR device.
  • the number of total reflections experienced by all the light rays before the last total reflection surface of the image light in the waveguide 101 is the upper surface of the waveguide 101 respectively, compared to the total reflections experienced by all the light rays respectively before the last total reflection surface is the lower surface of the waveguide 101 One less time.
  • the last total reflection surface is the image light on the upper surface of the waveguide 101. After entering the second part 200 of the device, it undergoes another total reflection on the plane 203 opposite to the surface 201 of the second part 200 of the device. It is reflected to the surface 201 with optical power, is reflected by the surface 201 with optical power, exits the device, and enters the eyes of the viewer.
  • the last reflective surface is the image light on the lower surface of the waveguide 101.
  • the device After entering the second part 200 of the device, it is directly reflected by the lower surface of the waveguide to the surface 201 with optical power, and is reflected by the surface 201 with optical power.
  • the device exits and enters the viewer's eye.
  • the above conditions can be satisfied by adjusting the thickness of the waveguide and the properties of the input light (such as angle and position in the waveguide), and the image light corresponding to the field of view can be focused once inside the waveguide.
  • the surface 201 with optical power is a curved surface
  • the curved surface may adopt a design similar to a paraboloid, and the focusing position of the image light in each field of view in the waveguide 101 is equivalent to the vicinity of the focus of the paraboloid.
  • the above-mentioned curved surface may also be designed as a hyperbola of rotation, an ellipse, or a complete free-form surface.
  • a polarizing film can be coated on the surface 201 with optical power of the second part 200 of the device or on the complementary surface 301 of the complementary surface part 300, which can allow the incident light with the polarization direction P to be transmitted, and the incident polarization direction
  • the S light is fully reflected or partially reflected; in a variation example, the incident S light is partially reflected, for example, 50% reflected.
  • the polarization direction of the image light is S, so after being incident on the surface 201 with optical power, it will be reflected and the optical power will change. Finally, the viewer will watch an image at a certain distance from himself (such as infinity, 2 meters in front of his eyes or 2 meters in front of his eyes). 0.5 meters, the image distance can be modulated by controlling the input light).
  • the polarizing film can be coated on the surface 201 with optical power, and the complementary surface 301 does not need to be coated.
  • the polarizing film can be coated on the complementary surface 301, and then the surface 201 with optical power does not need to be coated.
  • the P light After the external ambient light is incident on the optical device, the P light will be transmitted through the part of the optical device including the surface 201 with optical power and the coating, and the S light will be totally reflected or partially reflected, and the S light can be controlled by the coating Transparency is controlled by the transmittance and reflectivity. Since the refractive index of several parts of the optical device is similar or the same, the external ambient light is equivalent to passing through a piece of flat glass and can be clearly viewed by human eyes.
  • the efficiency of the optical device for incident light will reach about 90%, which is much higher than that of The existing array or diffractive waveguide combined by the principle of multiple transmission and reflection can reduce the reflectivity of S-light, such as S-light 50% reflective, 50% transmissive to increase the transmittance of the optics to ambient light.
  • the waveguide 101 it is also possible to add a polarization or transflective coating on the surface, so that the transmittance of the waveguide 101 to external ambient light is close to or the same as that of the surface 201 with optical power, so that the viewer can see through the waveguide
  • the external ambient light seen by 101 is close to or consistent with the brightness of the ambient light seen through the curved surface portion formed by the surface 201 with optical power.
  • an anti-reflection coating can be coated on the surface to increase the ambient light transmittance.
  • light rays corresponding to different fields of view converge at least once in the optical device. As shown in FIG. 2 , the convergence occurs in the first part 100 of the device. In a variant, the convergence may also occur near the focal point of the curved surface 201 with optical power.
  • the technical solution of the curved surface component 400 similar to the aforementioned curved surface that couples the image to the human eye can also be used, which will include a surface with optical power
  • the curved part 400 is glued or bonded on the other side of the waveguide 101.
  • the curved surface component 400 on the other side of the above-mentioned waveguide 101 can use a total reflection coating (such as a metal film) to increase the utilization rate of light; or in some designs where the distance from the coupling part to the coupling part is relatively short, you can also use Polarizing coating, and if the outcoupling part is glued with an element with the same surface complementary refractive index, the optical device becomes a complete planar waveguide configuration, so that part of the ambient light with a large angle can also pass through the optical device The device is viewed normally.
  • a total reflection coating such as a metal film
  • the optical device can firstly manufacture the planar waveguide 101, the outcoupled device second part 200 and the complementary surface part 300 on one side of the waveguide 101, and the incoupled curved surface on the other side of the waveguide 101.
  • the component 400 and the components of the reflective part of the curved surface component 400 are coated and assembled into a complete device by gluing/bonding process after each component is coated.
  • the waveguide 101, the in-coupled curved reflective part, and the out-coupled curved reflective part can also be a single component that is molded at one time with the same mold, and glued/bonded after coating The process assembles components with complementary curved reflective parts to form a complete device.
  • the imaging device in the AR system uses LCoS, and the image light output by the LCoS passes through the PBS device (or a polarization-dependent device such as a polarizing film), and then the linearly polarized light with the polarization direction S is coupled into the optical device .
  • the imaging device can also use devices such as Micro LED or OLED. Compared with LCOS, DMD and other devices, it can save the light source, PBS, TIR and other devices, and further reduce the volume.
  • devices such as Micro LED or OLED
  • polarizers or wave plates can also be added in the optical path to modulate the image light into linearly polarized light and then input it into the optical device containing the waveguide 101.
  • a transflective (or certain transmittance and certain reflectance) or reflective film for a specific angle can also be coated on the image coupling surface, so as to avoid wasting light energy of the non-polarized imaging device.
  • variable curved surfaces such as liquid crystal lenses, liquid lenses, spatial light modulators using phase modulation, etc.
  • the above optical devices can be applied through the control system
  • Different electrical signals modulate the images finally viewed by the viewer to different imaging distances to realize the light field/holographic display function.
  • problems such as myopia/hyperopia and astigmatism in the eyes of different viewers can be compensated by the above variable device.
  • the above adjustment function can also be realized by adding an adjustment mechanism (such as a micro motor) in the system to change the position between the optical components.
  • the above-mentioned coupling curved surface can be replaced by a planar reflective spatial light modulator using phase modulation.
  • the spatial light modulator is attached to the surface of the waveguide 101 and can simulate any curved surface within a certain parameter range, thereby Realize the real-time dynamic modulation of the coupled image light, realize the light field display and compensate the viewer's myopia and other problems.
  • a spatial light modulator combined with a computational hologram generated by a control system can also be used as an imaging device to simultaneously modulate the imaging distance and compensate for optical aberrations.
  • the spatial light modulator performs the functions of imaging and modulating optical aberration at the same time, and no additional variable surface device is needed, which can reduce the number of components.
  • two parallel dielectric plates can be used instead of waveguide materials such as EP9000 to form the waveguide 101.
  • the inner side of the dielectric plate is coated with a polarizing film, which can convert the incident S direction
  • the image light is completely reflected, while the P light in the ambient light can be transmitted through the two dielectric plates without being affected.
  • the second part 200 of the device can be formed by replacing the specific structure of the second part 200 of the device in FIG. 1 with a curved lens plus a plane plate for the outcoupled curved part, so as to further reduce the weight.
  • a protective layer such as tempered coating or thin tempered glass, can also be added to protect the device from damage.
  • the four sides of the device can also be coated with light-absorbing coatings or coated with black materials to filter/absorb stray light.
  • the side of this optical device facing the external environment can also add a lens with optical power, thereby becoming a pair of glasses with optical power, so that myopic users can clearly see the external ambient light .
  • the above lens can also be added on the side facing the viewer, so that the viewer can see the image light modulated based on the actual distance (not compensated for the viewer's vision) while watching the external environment.
  • lens-like devices made of materials with different refractive indices may also be added to the waveguide device, as shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the waveguide is divided into two sections, namely the first waveguide section 1011 and the second waveguide section 1012.
  • the surface shape of each section intersecting with the lens 1013 located between the two waveguides is complementary to the lens surface.
  • the waveguide is made of OKP-A2 material, and the lens Made of PMMA material, the lens is glued on the two waveguides to form a whole. The advantage of this is that part of the optical device can be incorporated into the waveguide, further reducing the system volume.
  • a turning part 500 can also be added to make the waveguide into special shapes such as L-shape (one turning) or Z-shape (two turnings) (as shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10, Figure 9 and Figure 10 are respectively
  • Two different turning devices as shown in Figure 9, can fold the optical path into an L shape, and can make part of the folded light path into the frame of the glasses, and the other part can be used as a lens.
  • the turning device in Figure 10 can fold the waveguide into an L shape
  • the waveguide can still maintain a single plane configuration in the direction viewed by the user, similar to a whole plane mirror.
  • the turning member 500 may be a prism with a flat reflective surface or a prism with a curved reflective surface, and the two sections of waveguides are connected by gluing/bonding. Or it can also be made by integrally manufacturing the mold and the waveguide, and then preparing corresponding thin films (reflective film, metal reflective film, polarized reflective film, etc.) on the corresponding surface.
  • Embodiment 2 is an embodiment in which multiple curved surfaces are arranged in sequence, and is a variation example of Embodiment 1.
  • an optical device includes a plurality of surfaces 201 with different focal powers, which are arranged sequentially on one side of the waveguide 101 in the extension direction of the waveguide 101.
  • three surfaces 201 with focal powers are included.
  • the surface 201 of the surface 201, the angle formed by the normal of each point on the curved surface formed by the surface 201 with optical power and the normal of the upper surface of the waveguide 101 increases in the direction away from the waveguide 101.
  • the thickness of the curved surface formed by the surface 201 with optical power is smaller than the thickness of the waveguide 101, and the image light that enters the curved surface with optical power (that is, the surface 201 with optical power) after being reflected from the lower surface of the waveguide 101, will The image optics that are directly reflected by the curved surface into the eyes of the viewer, and reflected from the upper surface of the waveguide 101 and enter the curved surface part, will first experience the After a total reflection, it is incident on any curved surface, and then enters the viewer's eyes after being reflected by the curved surface.
  • the thickness of the curved surface is 1.5mm and the thickness of the waveguide is 3mm.
  • the manufacturing of the above-mentioned optical devices can firstly process the waveguide and each curved surface (manufactured by mold or machining), and then assemble the complete device by gluing or bonding after each surface is coated with the required coating.
  • the above-mentioned optical devices can also be manufactured by integrating the waveguide and each curved surface (for example, one-time demoulding molding in a mold), and the components complementary to each curved surface can also be manufactured integrally, and the two parts are glued and assembled after coating into devices.
  • the side of the complementary element facing the ambient light can also be made into a curved surface with a certain optical power, that is, the surface facing the outside 302, which is used to compensate the nearsightedness/hyperopia, astigmatism and other problems of the viewer's eyes.
  • the example shown in FIG. 6 is a variant of FIG. 7 , the change being that the surface 302 facing the outside in FIG. 6 is a plane.
  • part of the surface of the waveguide device is prepared with a film that changes polarization properties, and the polarization properties of light that undergoes different total reflection times in the waveguide device or on the surface of the waveguide device are different when entering the second part 200 of the device.
  • the upper surface or the lower surface of the waveguide is plated (or pasted) with a film layer that can change the polarization characteristics, so that the polarization of light rays that experience different times of total reflection on a certain surface (such as the lower surface) in the waveguide
  • the direction is different (for example, every time the light is reflected on the coated surface, the polarization direction changes by 90°, so the polarization direction of the light with an even number of reflections on the lower surface is S, and the polarization direction of the light with an odd number of reflections on the lower surface is P), when the light After entering the curved surface part (that is, the second part 200 of the device), the light with the polarization direction S will be reflected by the curved surface and coupled out of the device, while the light with the polarization direction P will pass through the curved surface part and then undergo a total reflection to reach the curved surface part and the waveguide
  • the surface connected to the lower surface that is, the opposite plane 203) is also prepared with the same polarization
  • the optical device in Embodiment 3 is composed of upper and lower parts (as shown in FIG. 11 ), and the upper and lower parts are respectively an upper waveguide and a lower waveguide.
  • the upper and lower parts have the same refractive index, and are glued together by a gluing process.
  • An optically active film or device (such as a liquid crystal layer) is prepared on the interface 700 of the upper and lower waveguides.
  • the upper waveguide After being totally reflected by the upper waveguide (or reflected by the curved surface device), it passes through the middle optically active layer and enters the lower waveguide, and then passes through the middle optically active layer for the second time. After entering the upper waveguide, its polarization direction will change to P direction.
  • the polarization direction of light undergoing odd reflections in the upper waveguide is S-direction
  • the polarization direction of light rays undergoing even reflections is P-direction in the upper waveguide.
  • the surface of the curved surface with optical power in the device is coated with a polarized reflective film.
  • a polarized reflective film When the light with the polarization direction S is incident on the above surface, it will be reflected from the surface; when the light with the polarization direction P is incident on the surface, it will be reflected from the surface.
  • the surface is transmitted through, and enters the lower waveguide after undergoing a total reflection on the upper surface. After being totally reflected by the lower surface, when it enters the above curved surface again, its polarization direction has changed to S direction, and it will be reflected by the curved surface for imaging.
  • the advantage of this is that more control can be added to achieve the purpose of controlling the beam to exit at a certain position on the curved surface, and to achieve the same number of reflections on a specific surface in the waveguide. For example, in this example, it is all on the upper surface (including coupling reflections into surfaces) undergo an odd number of reflections before exiting.
  • the above-mentioned optical rotator 700 has different positions of the part with the curved surface and the part of the planar waveguide, as shown in FIG. 13 .
  • the advantage of this is that part of the light that has undergone odd reflections on the upper surface will not undergo a change in polarization direction due to one more reflection on the lower surface, causing part of the energy to be coupled out of the device from the wrong position.
  • n 1 , n 2 , n 3 is 5um, and n 1 , n 2 and n have different refractive indices, thereby further increasing the means of distinguishing light rays.
  • the optical active layer can also be replaced by optical films or devices with similar functions such as glass slides, so that the polarization properties (direction, circular polarization/line) of light rays that experience odd and even times of reflection on the upper or lower surface of the device can be changed. Partial etc.) are different, so as to achieve the purpose of distinguishing and regulating light rays with different reflection times.
  • the linearly polarized P light input from the upper part will be converted into a left-handed or right-handed light close to circular polarization by the 1/4 glass slide , after reflection at the bottom, the left-handed or right-handed input light will be changed into right-handed or left-handed circularly polarized light, and after passing through the 1/4 glass again, it will be modulated into S light and return to the upper part.
  • the S light input from the upper part will be modulated into P light after being reflected twice by the 1/4 glass slide and the lower part. In other words, the light has two states, S and P, on the upper part of the device.
  • the optically active layer or the glass layer can also be replaced with a thin film or device that changes other properties of the light, so that the properties (phase, wavelength, polarization, Energy, etc.), so as to achieve the purpose of distinguishing and regulating the light of different reflection times.
  • a polarization extinction layer (such as a polarizer or a film with the same effect) can also be added in the device to eliminate residual stray light that has not been completely converted in optical properties (such as polarization direction) .
  • optical rotation device the glass slide device, and the depolarization device in the above embodiments can be used alone, or combined and integrated inside the device.
  • a protective layer can also be added (as shown in Figure 12, a curved waveguide is used in this example, and the curved waveguide can also be applied in other embodiments), for example, a layer with a lower refractive index than the device is prepared on the outside of the device
  • the film layer plays the role of containing the surface of the device without destroying the total reflection and propagation of light in the device. It is also possible to prepare a layer of very high hardness film (toughened layer) outside the low refractive index film layer for further protection.
  • the surface of the above-mentioned device can also be coated with an anti-reflection film layer to improve the transmittance of ambient light.
  • the upper surface or the lower surface of the above-mentioned device can also be pasted with components with optical power, in order to compensate the visual defects of the viewer (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, etc.), and the components with optical power can be ordinary glasses
  • the lens or it can also be a lens similar to a Fresnel lens, or it can also be a component with a dynamically adjustable focal length, such as a variable lens (liquid crystal lens, liquid lens, etc., the liquid crystal lens itself is a plane, and can be equivalent to Curved surface with optical power), dynamically adjusted by the input signal of the control system.

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Abstract

An optical device, an optical system and an AR device. Some incident light is subjected to at least one total reflection at the optical device, at least part of a surface in the optical device is a surface (201) having focal power, and the focal power of the incident light that has been subjected to total reflection changes after same enters the surface (201) having the focal power. By means of integrating traditional optical devices of a lens type and a reflector type into a waveguide instrument, the problem of the excessively thick and large volume of a traditional free-form surface solution is mitigated, and the problems of the light effect being too low, it being impossible to adjust an image distance in principle, etc. in an existing waveguide solution are also avoided; moreover, the propagation of light in a waveguide is precisely calculated, and the problems of ghosting, stray light, etc. possibly caused by erroneous propagation of light after the light is introduced into the waveguide are avoided by means of controlling the propagation angle and position of image light in the waveguide.

Description

光学器件和光学***以及AR设备Optical devices and optical systems and AR devices 技术领域technical field
本发明涉及AR光学领域，具体地，涉及光学器件和光学***以及AR设备。The present invention relates to the field of AR optics, in particular, to an optical device, an optical system and an AR device.
背景技术Background technique
近年来AR作为重要技术方向已获得越来越多的重视。这类头戴式设备对于***的体积重量有着苛刻的要求。而波导器件作为一种轻薄的光束合路扩瞳器件已成为下一代AR设备的主流方案。但无论是阵列波导(多块棱镜拼接)还是衍射波导(表面光栅或体光栅)，都是通过图像光束在波导内多次部分透射和部分反射来达到扩瞳与图像合路的功能，这种成像原理也给这类波导器件带来一系列问题，最突出两个问题分别是光效低(往往低于10％，一些衍射类波导甚至不足1％)，以及图像无法调节远近的原理障碍(波导设计一般按图像固定在无穷远，若像距拉近，会产生图像裂曈以及像质变差等一系列问题)。In recent years, AR has gained more and more attention as an important technical direction. This type of head-mounted device has strict requirements on the volume and weight of the system. As a thin and light beam combining and pupil expanding device, waveguide devices have become the mainstream solution for next-generation AR devices. However, whether it is an arrayed waveguide (multi-prism splicing) or a diffractive waveguide (surface grating or volume grating), the function of pupil expansion and image combination is achieved through multiple partial transmission and partial reflection of the image beam in the waveguide. The imaging principle also brings a series of problems to this type of waveguide device. The two most prominent problems are low light efficiency (often less than 10%, and some diffractive waveguides are even less than 1%), and the principle obstacle that the image cannot be adjusted far and near ( The waveguide design is generally fixed at infinity according to the image. If the image distance is shortened, a series of problems such as image cracking and image quality deterioration will occur).
自由曲面类AR/VR设备的光学解决方案(例如Birdbath方案)光效更高，且方案本身不存在图像距离无法调节的原理障碍，但其厚度和体积难以做小，也存在难以大规模推广的障碍。Optical solutions for AR/VR devices with free-form surfaces (such as the Birdbath solution) have higher light efficiency, and the solution itself does not have the principle obstacle that the image distance cannot be adjusted, but its thickness and volume are difficult to make small, and there are also problems that are difficult to promote on a large scale. obstacle.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种光学器件和光学***以及AR设备。In view of the defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide an optical device, an optical system and an AR device.
根据本发明提供的一种光学器件，部分入射光在所述光学器件经历至少一次全反射，所述光学器件中至少一部分表面为具有光焦度的表面201，经历全反射的入射光入射所述具有光焦度的表面201后光焦度发生改变。According to an optical device provided by the present invention, part of the incident light undergoes at least one total reflection in the optical device, at least a part of the surface of the optical device is the surface 201 with optical power, and the incident light undergoing total reflection enters the After the surface 201 having optical power changes optical power.
优选地，所述经历全反射的入射光被所述具有光焦度的表面201反射。Preferably, the incident light undergoing total reflection is reflected by the surface 201 having optical power.
优选地，在所述光学器件中未经历全反射的入射光从所述具有光焦度的表面201透射。Preferably, incident light not undergoing total reflection in said optical device is transmitted from said surface 201 having optical power.
优选地，从所述具有光焦度的表面201透射的光的光焦度不发生改变。Preferably, the optical power of light transmitted from said surface 201 having optical power does not change.
优选地，所述光学器件至少部分表面相互平行，形成对所述部分入射光的全反射结构。Preferably, at least part of the surfaces of the optical device are parallel to each other, forming a total reflection structure for the part of the incident light.
优选地，所述具有光焦度的表面201的面型为球面、抛物面、椭球面、双曲面中的任一种面型或者任多种面型的组合。Preferably, the surface type of the surface 201 with optical power is any one of spherical surface, paraboloid, ellipsoid, hyperboloid or any combination of various surface types.
优选地，所述具有光焦度的表面201上镀有增反膜和/或偏振膜。Preferably, the surface 201 with optical power is coated with an anti-reflection film and/or a polarizing film.
优选地，所述光学器件包含多个具有光焦度的表面201。Preferably, the optical device comprises a plurality of surfaces 201 having optical power.
优选地，连接所述多个具有光焦度的表面201的连接面上任一点的切线与使光线产生全反射的表面的夹角大于等于在光学器件中全反射的光线与使光线全反射的表面所成的最大角。这样可以使得在波导中传播而来的图像光只会在具有光焦度的面上反射出射，而不会击中连接面形成杂光或浪费能量。Preferably, the included angle between the tangent of any point on the connection surface connecting the plurality of surfaces 201 with optical power and the surface that totally reflects the light is greater than or equal to the total reflection of the light in the optical device and the surface that totally reflects the light the largest angle formed. In this way, the image light propagating in the waveguide can only be reflected on the surface with optical power, and will not hit the connection surface to form stray light or waste energy.
优选地，所述具有光焦度的表面201上制备有面型贴合的互补面型器件。Preferably, the surface 201 with optical power is prepared with surface-fitted complementary surface devices.
优选地，所述互补面型器件与所述具有光焦度的表面201互补的互补表面301之外，另有一个表面为平面或曲面。Preferably, in addition to the complementary surface 301 of the complementary surface device and the surface 201 having optical power, another surface is a plane or a curved surface.
优选地，所述光学器件的具有光焦度的表面201的部分与其它部分通过同一模具一次加工成型。Preferably, the part of the optical device having the surface 201 with optical power and other parts are processed and formed through the same mold at one time.
优选地，所述光学器件包含两个部分，分别记为器件第一部分100、器件第二部分200；Preferably, the optical device includes two parts, respectively denoted as the first part 100 of the device and the second part 200 of the device;
器件第一部分100包括光线在其中全反射传播的波导器件；The first part 100 of the device includes a waveguide device in which light propagates through total reflection;
器件第二部分200包括所述具有光焦度的表面的器件。The second part 200 of the device comprises said device having a surface with optical power.
优选地，所述波导器件采用光线在其中传播的波导材料介质构成；或者Preferably, the waveguide device is made of a waveguide material medium in which light propagates; or
所述波导器件采用两块介质板构成，其中，所述两块介质板之间为空心结构。The waveguide device is composed of two dielectric plates, wherein the space between the two dielectric plates is a hollow structure.
优选地，对应不同视场的光线在所述光学器件中至少汇聚一次。Preferably, light rays corresponding to different fields of view converge at least once in the optical device.
优选地，所述波导器件满足条件：使得从波导器件与具有光焦度的表面201连接的一侧表面反射进入器件第二部分200的图像光线在进入器件第二部分200之前所经历的全反射次数，相比从波导器件与所述一侧表面相对的另一侧表面反射进入器件第二部分200的图像光线在进入器件第二部分200之前所经历的全反射次数少一次。Preferably, the waveguide device satisfies the condition: the total reflection experienced by the image light entering the second part 200 of the device reflected from the side surface of the waveguide device connected to the surface 201 with optical power before entering the second part 200 of the device The number of times is one less than the number of total reflections experienced by the image light reflected from the other side surface of the waveguide device opposite to the one side surface and entering the second part 200 of the device before entering the second part 200 of the device.
优选地，所述波导器件满足条件：使得从波导器件与具有光焦度的表面201连接的一侧表面反射进入器件第二部分200的图像光线在进入器件第二部分200之前所经历的全反射次数相同。Preferably, the waveguide device satisfies the condition: the total reflection experienced by the image light entering the second part 200 of the device reflected from the side surface of the waveguide device connected to the surface 201 with optical power before entering the second part 200 of the device the same number of times.
优选地，所述波导器件的厚度满足条件：使得从波导器件与具有光焦度的表面201连接的一侧表面相对的另一侧表面反射进入器件第二部分200的图像光线在进入器件第二部分200之前所经历的全反射次数相同。Preferably, the thickness of the waveguide device satisfies the condition that the image light reflected from the second part 200 of the waveguide device and entering the second part 200 of the device is reflected from the other side surface of the waveguide device connected to the surface 201 having optical power. Section 200 has previously experienced the same number of total reflections.
优选地，所述波导器件的部分表面制备有改变偏振性质的薄膜，在波导器件内或波导器件表面经历不同全反射次数的光线进入器件第二部分200时的偏振性质不同。Preferably, part of the surface of the waveguide device is prepared with a film that changes polarization properties, and the polarization properties of light that undergoes different total reflection times in the waveguide device or on the surface of the waveguide device are different when entering the second part 200 of the device.
优选地，所述光学器件的不同部分通过胶合或键合装配成同一器件。Preferably, the different parts of the optical device are assembled into the same device by gluing or bonding.
优选地，所述光学器件的至少一侧表面上还胶合、键合或制备有具有光焦度的曲面，用以矫正观看者眼睛的视力。Preferably, at least one side surface of the optical device is also glued, bonded or prepared with a curved surface with optical power to correct the eyesight of the viewer.
优选地，所述光学器件中还包含采用不同折射率材料制作的部件。Preferably, the optical device further includes components made of materials with different refractive indices.
优选地，所述光学器件中还包含转折部件。Preferably, the optical device further includes a turning component.
优选地，所述光学器件由多个部分胶合或键合而成；其中：Preferably, the optical device is glued or bonded in multiple parts; wherein:
胶合或键合的表面上镀有改变入射光线性质的薄膜；和/或The glued or bonded surfaces are coated with films that modify the properties of incident light; and/or
胶合或键合的表面上制备有一个或多个改变入射光线性质的器件(例如旋光薄膜或器件，玻片类薄膜或器件等)。One or more devices that change the properties of incident light (such as optically active films or devices, glass-like films or devices, etc.) are prepared on the glued or bonded surface.
优选地，所述光线性质包括：偏振性、波长、相位、能量中的任一种或任多种性质。Preferably, the light properties include: any one or more properties of polarization, wavelength, phase, and energy.
优选地，所述光学器件由多个部分胶合或键合而成；其中：胶合或键合的表面上镀有不同折射率的薄膜；和/或胶合或键合的表面上制备有一个或多个折射率不同的器件。Preferably, the optical device is formed by gluing or bonding multiple parts; wherein: the glued or bonded surface is coated with films of different refractive indices; and/or the glued or bonded surface is prepared with one or more devices with different refractive indices.
优选地，所述光学器件外侧镀有薄膜，薄膜构成保护层和/或由薄膜贴合保护层。Preferably, the outer side of the optical device is coated with a thin film, and the thin film constitutes a protective layer and/or is attached to the protective layer by the thin film.
优选地，所述具有光焦度的曲面是连续曲面、菲涅尔面、或可被调制的等效于曲面的部件。Preferably, the curved surface with optical power is a continuous curved surface, a Fresnel surface, or a component equivalent to a curved surface that can be modulated.
优选地，所述光学器件外侧镀有薄膜(例如钢化膜，折射率与光学器件可以不同或相同)，由薄膜构成保护层和/或由薄膜贴合保护层(例如使用低折射率的光学胶贴合钢化膜，固化后光学胶成为薄膜，不破坏器件内光的全反射特性，而钢化膜防止器件损伤)。Preferably, the outside of the optical device is coated with a thin film (such as a tempered film, the refractive index of which can be different or the same as that of the optical device), and the protective layer is formed by the thin film and/or the protective layer is pasted by the thin film (such as using a low refractive index optical glue) Attach the tempered film, the optical adhesive becomes a thin film after curing, which does not destroy the total reflection characteristics of the light inside the device, and the tempered film prevents damage to the device).
根据本发明提供的一种光学***，包括所述的光学器件，还包含成像器件；An optical system provided according to the present invention includes the optical device and an imaging device;
所述成像器件输出的光线耦入所述光学器件。The light output by the imaging device is coupled into the optical device.
优选地，所述成像器件为LCoS、DMD、LCD、Miro LED、OLED、MEMS Scanner中 的至少其中之一。Preferably, the imaging device is at least one of LCoS, DMD, LCD, Miro LED, OLED, MEMS Scanner.
优选地，所述光学***中还包含透镜、反射镜、棱镜、光栅、波片、旋光片、偏振片、滤光片、光阑、光源、光纤中的至少其中之一。Preferably, the optical system further includes at least one of a lens, a mirror, a prism, a grating, a wave plate, an optical rotator, a polarizer, a filter, an aperture, a light source, and an optical fiber.
优选地，所述光学***中还包含具备改变光焦度功能的可变器件。Preferably, the optical system further includes a variable device capable of changing the optical power.
优选地，所述光学***中还包含改变各元器件空间位置的调节机构。Preferably, the optical system further includes an adjustment mechanism for changing the spatial position of each component.
优选地，所述具有光焦度的表面上任一点的切线与使光线产生全反射的表面的夹角小于等于
Figure PCTCN2022083330-appb-000001
其中n为光学器件材料的折射率,θ为外部入射的环境光与使光线产生全反射的表面的法线所成的最大角。从而使得外部入射的环境光在透过整个光学器件时不会从内侧(与图像光同侧)入射具有光焦度的表面201后被错误反射成为杂光影响观看。当外界环境光从平行于器件表面的极限角度入射时θ＝90°，上式简化为
Figure PCTCN2022083330-appb-000002
在某些应用中，环境光入射角度稍小，也可以取θ＝60°来进行设计。 Preferably, the included angle between the tangent of any point on the surface with optical power and the surface that causes total reflection of light is less than or equal to
Figure PCTCN2022083330-appb-000001
Among them, n is the refractive index of the optical device material, and θ is the maximum angle formed by the external incident ambient light and the normal of the surface that makes the total reflection of the light. Therefore, when the ambient light incident from the outside passes through the entire optical device, it will not be incident on the surface 201 with optical power from the inside (the same side as the image light) and then be wrongly reflected as stray light and affect viewing. When the external ambient light is incident from a limit angle parallel to the surface of the device, θ=90°, the above formula is simplified as
Figure PCTCN2022083330-appb-000002
In some applications, the incident angle of ambient light is slightly smaller, and θ=60° can also be used for design.
优选地，所述互补表面301上镀有偏振膜和/或吸收性质的膜层(或者也可以在201上镀具有偏振吸收性质的膜层，而互补表面301上镀偏振反射性质的膜层)。例如，具有光焦度的表面201上镀有反射S光透P光的偏振薄膜，而互补表面301上镀有吸收S光透P光的薄膜，可以使外部透入的S光及未被具有光焦度的表面201完全反射的部分S图像光在互补表面301上被吸收，不会被具有光焦度的表面201反射后成为杂光影响观看。Preferably, the complementary surface 301 is coated with a polarizing film and/or a film layer with absorption properties (or a film layer with polarization absorption properties can also be coated on 201, and a film layer with polarized reflection properties is coated on the complementary surface 301) . For example, the surface 201 with optical power is coated with a polarizing film that reflects S light and transmits P light, and the complementary surface 301 is coated with a film that absorbs S light and transmits P light, so that the S light that is transmitted from the outside and the light that is not Part of the S image light completely reflected by the focal surface 201 is absorbed on the complementary surface 301, and will not be reflected by the focal surface 201 and become stray light to affect viewing.
优选地，除去所述光学器件中光线经历全反射的部分或者是全反射部分及具有光焦度的表面部分(波导及耦入耦出面)，所述互补面型器件与其余部分一体制造，如图15所示。这样做的好处是整个光学器件只包含两个部件，可以降低成本及减少装备工序。或者也可以是全反射部分及具有光焦度的表面一体制造，镀膜后装入特定模具，用可固化的光学胶或光学液体填充模具，固化后(例如UV曝光或热固化)后制作成产品，这样做的好处是互补面型和其余器件在填入全反射部分及光焦度表面部分的模具中一体制造，成型后即为整体产品，无需额外制造和胶合，可以进一步减少工序降低成本。Preferably, the part of the optical device that undergoes total reflection of light or the part of total reflection and the surface part (waveguide and in-coupling and out-coupling surface) with optical power is removed, and the complementary surface device is integrally manufactured with the rest, such as Figure 15 shows. The advantage of this is that the entire optical device only includes two parts, which can reduce the cost and reduce the equipment process. Or it can be integrated with the total reflection part and the surface with optical power. After coating, put it into a specific mold, fill the mold with curable optical glue or optical liquid, and make it into a product after curing (such as UV exposure or heat curing). The advantage of this is that the complementary surface type and other devices are integrally manufactured in the mold filled with the total reflection part and the focal power surface part. After molding, it is a whole product without additional manufacturing and gluing, which can further reduce the process and reduce the cost.
根据本发明提供的一种AR设备，包括所述的光学器件，或者包括所述的光学***。An AR device provided according to the present invention includes the optical device or the optical system.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明提出了一种新的解决方案，通过将传统的透镜、反射镜等光学器件集成到波导器件内，来降低传统自由曲面类方案厚度和体积过大的问题，且非通过多次部分透射部分反射的扩瞳方式耦出光线，从而避免了现有波导方案光效过低，原理上无法调节像距(光场显示不友好)等问题，同时精确计算光线在波导内的传播，通过控制图像光线在波导内传播的角度、位置、全反射次数等参数而避免引入波导后光线传播错误可能造成的鬼影、杂光等等问题。The present invention proposes a new solution, by integrating traditional optical devices such as lenses and mirrors into waveguide devices, to reduce the problem of excessive thickness and volume of traditional free-form surface solutions, and not through multiple partial transmission Partially reflective pupil expansion couples out light, thereby avoiding the problems of low light efficiency of the existing waveguide scheme, and the inability to adjust the image distance in principle (the light field display is not friendly). At the same time, the propagation of light in the waveguide is accurately calculated. The parameters such as the angle, position, and number of total reflections of the image light propagating in the waveguide can avoid problems such as ghosting, stray light, etc. that may be caused by light propagation errors after being introduced into the waveguide.
附图说明Description of drawings
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:
图1为光学器件的三个部分的结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the three parts of the optical device.
图2为光学器件中光线的传播路径示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the propagation path of light in an optical device.
图3为光学器件两侧通过曲面分别耦入、耦出的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of coupling-in and coupling-out respectively through curved surfaces on both sides of the optical device.
图4为光学器件具有多个曲面的结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical device having multiple curved surfaces.
图5为具有多个曲面的光学器件的各个部分之间在组合前的结构示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of various parts of an optical device with multiple curved surfaces before combination.
图6为具有多个曲面的光学器件一体成型的示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of integral molding of an optical device with multiple curved surfaces.
图7为具有视力矫正曲面的光学器件。Figure 7 is an optical device with a vision correcting curved surface.
图8为器件第一部分包含不同折射率透镜的结构示意图。Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first part of the device including lenses with different refractive indices.
图9为包含一种转折方案的结构示意图。Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram including a turning scheme.
图10为包含另一种转折方案的结构示意图。Fig. 10 is a structural schematic diagram including another turning scheme.
图11为由上下两部分波导构成的光学器件的原理示意图。Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the principle of an optical device composed of upper and lower waveguides.
图12为外侧具有保护层的由上下两部分波导构成的光学器件的原理示意图。Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the principle of an optical device composed of upper and lower waveguides with a protective layer on the outside.
图13为旋光器件在具有曲面的部分和平面波导部分位置并不相同的结构示意图。Fig. 13 is a structural schematic diagram of the optical rotator in which the positions of the part with the curved surface and the part of the planar waveguide are different.
图14为器件中具有不同折射率的膜层或器件的结构示意图。Fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of film layers or devices with different refractive indices in the device.
图15为只包含两个部件的光学器件的结构示意图。Fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of an optical device comprising only two components.
图中示出：The figure shows:
Figure PCTCN2022083330-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2022083330-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2022083330-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2022083330-appb-000004
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变化和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
本发明提供一种AR设备，例如AR眼镜或者AR头盔等，AR设备中包括一种光学器件，应用于AR显示***。本领域技术人员可以理解，混合现实(Mix Reality，MR)是一种AR，通常MR场景下的虚拟对象与真实对象存在响应关系，被理解为也是一种有趣的AR。The present invention provides an AR device, such as AR glasses or an AR helmet. The AR device includes an optical device, which is applied to an AR display system. Those skilled in the art can understand that Mixed Reality (Mix Reality, MR) is a kind of AR. Generally, there is a responsive relationship between virtual objects and real objects in MR scenes, and it is also understood as an interesting AR.
如图1所述，所述光学器件，包含两个部分，分别记为器件第一部分100、器件第二部分200。所述器件第一部分100包括光线在其中全反射传播的波导器件。在图1中，所述器件第一部分100是表面相互平行，长宽为35×40mm，厚度为5mm的平面波导101，即波导器件，优选地由波导介质材料制成(如EP9000、E48R等塑料，或高折射率的光学玻璃等)，光线在波导介质材料中传播；在变化例中，波导器件采用两块介质板构成(表面镀有偏振膜或反射膜)，其中，所述两块介质板之间为空心结构，光线在空心结构中传播。所述器件第二部分200(长宽为18×40mm，与器件第一部分100交接处厚度为5mm)包含具有曲率的部分，该器件第二部分200含有具有光焦度的表面201(长宽为18×18mm)，具有光焦度的表面201的面型为球面、抛物面、椭球面、双曲面或其它可用数学表达式表征的曲面中的任一种面型或者任多种面型的组合；经历全反射的入射光入射具有光焦度的表面201后光焦度发生改变，被具有光焦度的表面201反射后耦出所述光学器件；在所述光学器件中未经历全反射的入射光从所述具有光焦度的表面201透射，从所述具有光焦度的表面201透射的光的光焦度不发生改变。器件第二部分200与器件第一部分100的波导101之间的折射率相近(相近例如是指两者只差小于0.1，例如折射率之差小于0.1)或相同。例如，波导和第二部分都采用EP9000 材料制作而成。器件第二部分200与器件第一部分100交界面的厚度与器件第一部分100的波导101一致，所述具有光焦度的表面201可视为耦出曲面，或者器件第二部分200可视为耦出部件。器件第二部分200与器件第一部分100的波导101通过胶合或键合工艺组装成器件。在变化例中，光线在其中全反射传播的波导器件还可以例如是楔形或锥形波导，从而使光线每在波导中全反射一次，其与波导表面的入射角发生改变(光线由波导厚端传播到薄端则每次与表面法线相交的入射角减小，反之则入射角增大)，从而增加对光线在波导中传播的控制参数，可以使的光学设计更加灵活。As shown in FIG. 1 , the optical device includes two parts, respectively denoted as the first part 100 of the device and the second part 200 of the device. The first part 100 of the device comprises a waveguide device in which light propagates through total reflection. In Fig. 1, the first part 100 of the device is a planar waveguide 101 whose surfaces are parallel to each other, whose length and width are 35×40mm and whose thickness is 5mm, that is, a waveguide device, preferably made of a waveguide dielectric material (such as plastics such as EP9000 and E48R). , or optical glass with high refractive index, etc.), light propagates in the waveguide dielectric material; There is a hollow structure between the plates, and the light propagates in the hollow structure. The second part 200 of the device (the length and width are 18×40 mm, and the thickness at the junction with the first part 100 of the device is 5 mm) includes a portion with curvature, and the second part 200 of the device contains a surface 201 with a focal power (the length and width are 18×18mm), the surface type of the surface 201 with focal power is any surface type or any combination of various surface types in spherical, paraboloid, ellipsoid, hyperboloid or other curved surfaces that can be characterized by mathematical expressions; The incident light that undergoes total reflection enters the surface 201 with optical power, and the optical power changes, and is reflected by the surface 201 with optical power, and then coupled out of the optical device; the incident light that does not experience total reflection in the optical device Light is transmitted from the surface 201 with optical power, and the optical power of the light transmitted from the surface 201 with optical power does not change. The refractive index between the second part 200 of the device and the waveguide 101 of the first part 100 of the device is similar (similar means, for example, that the difference between the two is less than 0.1, for example, the difference in refractive index is less than 0.1) or the same. For example, both the waveguide and the second part are made of EP9000 material. The thickness of the interface between the second part 200 of the device and the first part 100 of the device is consistent with the waveguide 101 of the first part 100 of the device, and the surface 201 with optical power can be regarded as an outcoupling curved surface, or the second part 200 of the device can be regarded as a coupling surface out parts. The second part 200 of the device and the waveguide 101 of the first part 100 of the device are assembled into a device by gluing or bonding process. In a variation example, the waveguide device in which the light propagates through total reflection can also be, for example, a wedge-shaped or tapered waveguide, so that every time the light is fully reflected in the waveguide, its incident angle with the surface of the waveguide changes (the light passes through the thick end of the waveguide. When it propagates to the thin end, the angle of incidence that intersects with the surface normal decreases each time, and vice versa, the angle of incidence increases), thereby increasing the control parameters for the propagation of light in the waveguide, which can make the optical design more flexible.
在优选的实施例中，所述光学器件还包括互补面型部分300(长宽为25×40mm)，如图1所示，互补面型部分300与器件第二部分200之间有一对表面面型互补的表面，即互补面型部分300的互补表面301与器件第二部分200的具有光焦度的表面201之间面型互补。互补面型部分300与器件第二部分200之间胶合(采用折射率相近或相同的胶水)或键合连接。互补面型部分300与器件第二部分200之间的折射率相近或相同。例如，互补面型部分和曲面部分都采用EP9000材料制作而成。优选例中，互补面型部分300、器件第二部分200以及器件第一部分100的波导101三者之间的折射率相近或相同。互补面型部分300与器件第二部分200胶合或键合后的厚度与器件第一部分100的波导101一致。互补面型部件300具有面向外部的面302，在图1中，所述面向外部的面302为平面。而在图7中，互补面型部件300的面向外部的面302为曲面，以提供矫正视力的功能。In a preferred embodiment, the optical device also includes a complementary surface part 300 (length and width is 25 * 40 mm), as shown in Figure 1, there is a pair of surface surfaces between the complementary surface part 300 and the second part 200 of the device The complementary surface, that is, the complementary surface 301 of the complementary surface part 300 and the surface 201 having optical power of the second part 200 of the device are complementary in surface type. The complementary surface part 300 and the second part 200 of the device are glued (using glue with a similar or the same refractive index) or bonded connection. The refractive index between the complementary surface portion 300 and the second portion 200 of the device is similar or the same. For example, the complementary surface part and the curved part are made of EP9000 material. In a preferred example, the refractive indices of the complementary surface portion 300 , the second portion 200 of the device, and the waveguide 101 of the first portion 100 of the device are similar or identical. The thickness of the complementary surface part 300 after being glued or bonded to the second part 200 of the device is consistent with that of the waveguide 101 of the first part 100 of the device. The complementary face part 300 has an externally facing face 302 which, in FIG. 1 , is planar. In FIG. 7, however, the outwardly facing surface 302 of the complementary surface component 300 is curved to provide vision correction.
如图2所示，图像光线从器件第一部分100的波导101一侧进入波导，经历多次全反射后到达波导与器件第二部分200的具有曲率的部分的交界面，即到达器件第一部分100的波导101与器件第二部分200的交界面。As shown in FIG. 2 , the image light enters the waveguide from the waveguide 101 side of the first part 100 of the device, and reaches the interface between the waveguide and the part with curvature of the second part 200 of the device after undergoing multiple total reflections, that is, reaches the first part 100 of the device. The interface between the waveguide 101 and the second part 200 of the device.
在AR显示***中，波导101在图2中的上表面为波导的外表面或者称为前表面，或者还称为远端面，即波导远离AR佩戴者眼睛的表面，波导101在图2中与上表面相对的是下表面，为波导的内表面或者称为后表面，或者还称为近端面，即波导靠近AR佩戴者眼睛的表面。In the AR display system, the upper surface of the waveguide 101 in FIG. 2 is the outer surface of the waveguide or called the front surface, or also called the distal surface, that is, the surface of the waveguide away from the eyes of the AR wearer. The waveguide 101 is shown in FIG. 2 Opposite to the upper surface is the lower surface, which is the inner surface of the waveguide or called the rear surface, or also called the proximal surface, that is, the surface of the waveguide close to the eyes of the AR wearer.
器件第二部分200的具有光焦度的表面201与波导101的上表面相连。在波导101内最后一次全反射表面为波导101的上表面的所有光线之间，在进入器件第二部分200之前在波导101内经历的全反射次数相同，在波导101内最后一次全反射表面为波导101的下表面的所有光线之间，在进入器件第二部分200之前在波导101内经历的全反射次 数也相同。所述光线例如是图像光线，例如AR设备中的图像光线。The surface 201 having optical power of the second part 200 of the device is connected to the upper surface of the waveguide 101 . The number of total reflections experienced in the waveguide 101 before entering the second part 200 of the device is the same between all light rays whose last total reflection surface is the upper surface of the waveguide 101 in the waveguide 101. The last total reflection surface in the waveguide 101 is The number of total reflections experienced within the waveguide 101 before entering the second part 200 of the device is also the same between all light rays on the lower surface of the waveguide 101 . The light is, for example, image light, such as image light in an AR device.
图像光线在波导101内最后一个全反射面为波导101的上表面的所有光线各自之前经历的全反射次数，相比最后一个全反射面为波导101的下表面的所有光线各自之前经历的全反射次数少一次。所述最后一个全反射面为波导101的上表面的图像光线进入器件第二部分200后，在器件第二部分200的具有光焦度的表面201相对的平面203上再经历一次全反射后被反射到具有光焦度的表面201，并被具有光焦度的表面201反射后从器件出射，进入观看者眼中。所述最后一个反射面为波导101的下表面的图像光线进入器件第二部分200后，直接被波导下表面反射到具有光焦度的表面201，并被具有光焦度的表面201反射后从器件出射，进入观看者眼中。为了控制光线的反射次数，可以通过调整波导厚度以及输入光的性质(例如角度和在波导中的位置)使上述条件得到满足，还可以使对应视场的图像光在波导内部聚焦一次。The number of total reflections experienced by all the light rays before the last total reflection surface of the image light in the waveguide 101 is the upper surface of the waveguide 101 respectively, compared to the total reflections experienced by all the light rays respectively before the last total reflection surface is the lower surface of the waveguide 101 One less time. The last total reflection surface is the image light on the upper surface of the waveguide 101. After entering the second part 200 of the device, it undergoes another total reflection on the plane 203 opposite to the surface 201 of the second part 200 of the device. It is reflected to the surface 201 with optical power, is reflected by the surface 201 with optical power, exits the device, and enters the eyes of the viewer. The last reflective surface is the image light on the lower surface of the waveguide 101. After entering the second part 200 of the device, it is directly reflected by the lower surface of the waveguide to the surface 201 with optical power, and is reflected by the surface 201 with optical power. The device exits and enters the viewer's eye. In order to control the number of reflections of light, the above conditions can be satisfied by adjusting the thickness of the waveguide and the properties of the input light (such as angle and position in the waveguide), and the image light corresponding to the field of view can be focused once inside the waveguide.
此实施例中所述具有光焦度的表面201为曲面，该曲面可以采用类似抛物面面型设计，各视场的图像光线在波导101内的聚焦位置等效于所述抛物面的焦点附近。在其它实施例中，上述曲面也可以采用旋转的双曲线、椭圆面、或完全的自由曲面等等设计。In this embodiment, the surface 201 with optical power is a curved surface, and the curved surface may adopt a design similar to a paraboloid, and the focusing position of the image light in each field of view in the waveguide 101 is equivalent to the vicinity of the focus of the paraboloid. In other embodiments, the above-mentioned curved surface may also be designed as a hyperbola of rotation, an ellipse, or a complete free-form surface.
可以在器件第二部分200的具有光焦度的表面201或者在互补面型部分300的互补表面301上镀有偏振膜，能够让入射的偏振方向为P的光透射，并将入射的偏振方向为S的光全部反射或者部分反射；在变化例中，将入射的S光部分反射，例如50％反射。图像光的偏振方向为S，因而入射具有光焦度的表面201后将被反射并且光焦度产生变化，最终观看者将观看到距离自己一定距离的图像(例如无穷远，眼前2米或眼前0.5米，可以通过控制输入光线调制图像距离)。A polarizing film can be coated on the surface 201 with optical power of the second part 200 of the device or on the complementary surface 301 of the complementary surface part 300, which can allow the incident light with the polarization direction P to be transmitted, and the incident polarization direction The S light is fully reflected or partially reflected; in a variation example, the incident S light is partially reflected, for example, 50% reflected. The polarization direction of the image light is S, so after being incident on the surface 201 with optical power, it will be reflected and the optical power will change. Finally, the viewer will watch an image at a certain distance from himself (such as infinity, 2 meters in front of his eyes or 2 meters in front of his eyes). 0.5 meters, the image distance can be modulated by controlling the input light).
偏振膜可以镀在具有光焦度的表面201上，则互补表面301无需镀膜。或者是，偏振膜可以镀在互补表面301上，则具有光焦度的表面201无需镀膜。互补面型部分300、器件第二部分200、波导101装配后，整个器件的外形与一整片平面波导相同。The polarizing film can be coated on the surface 201 with optical power, and the complementary surface 301 does not need to be coated. Alternatively, the polarizing film can be coated on the complementary surface 301, and then the surface 201 with optical power does not need to be coated. After the complementary surface part 300, the second device part 200 and the waveguide 101 are assembled, the shape of the whole device is the same as that of a whole planar waveguide.
外部环境光入射所述光学器件后，在光学器件的包含具有光焦度的表面201及镀膜的部分，P光将透射而过，S光将被全反射或者部分反射，可通过镀膜控制S光的透反射率来控制透明度，由于所述光学器件几个部分的折射率相近或相同，外部环境光相当于透过了一块平板玻璃，能够被人眼清晰观看。由于图像光为S光，若镀上S光>95％反射率的偏振膜层，计入光在波导内传播的损失，所述光学器件对于入射光的效率将达到90％左右，远高于现有的通过多次透射反射原理来合路的阵列或衍射式波导，而对于外部环境光则相当于50％左右透过率的墨镜，当然也可以减小S光的反射率，例如S光50％ 反射，50％透射，来增加所述光学器件对于环境光的透射率。After the external ambient light is incident on the optical device, the P light will be transmitted through the part of the optical device including the surface 201 with optical power and the coating, and the S light will be totally reflected or partially reflected, and the S light can be controlled by the coating Transparency is controlled by the transmittance and reflectivity. Since the refractive index of several parts of the optical device is similar or the same, the external ambient light is equivalent to passing through a piece of flat glass and can be clearly viewed by human eyes. Since the image light is S light, if a polarizing film layer with S light >95% reflectivity is coated, the efficiency of the optical device for incident light will reach about 90%, which is much higher than that of The existing array or diffractive waveguide combined by the principle of multiple transmission and reflection can reduce the reflectivity of S-light, such as S-light 50% reflective, 50% transmissive to increase the transmittance of the optics to ambient light.
对于波导101的部分，也可以在表面增加偏振或半透半反类的镀膜，以使波导101对外部环境光的透射率与具有光焦度的表面201相近或相同，使观看者透过波导101看到的外部环境光与透过具有光焦度的表面201所形成的曲面部分看到的环境光亮度接近或一致。或者也可以对表面镀增透膜，增加环境光透过率。For the part of the waveguide 101, it is also possible to add a polarization or transflective coating on the surface, so that the transmittance of the waveguide 101 to external ambient light is close to or the same as that of the surface 201 with optical power, so that the viewer can see through the waveguide The external ambient light seen by 101 is close to or consistent with the brightness of the ambient light seen through the curved surface portion formed by the surface 201 with optical power. Alternatively, an anti-reflection coating can be coated on the surface to increase the ambient light transmittance.
在部分些实施例中，对应不同视场的光线在所述光学器件中至少汇聚一次。如图2所示，在器件第一部分100中发生汇聚，在变化例中，汇聚也可以发生在具有光焦度的曲面201的焦点附近位置。In some embodiments, light rays corresponding to different fields of view converge at least once in the optical device. As shown in FIG. 2 , the convergence occurs in the first part 100 of the device. In a variant, the convergence may also occur near the focal point of the curved surface 201 with optical power.
如图3所示，此实施例中，在图像光耦入波导部分，也可以采用与前述将图像耦出到人眼的曲面相类似的曲面部件400技术方案，将包含具有光焦度的表面的曲面部件400胶合或键合在波导101的另一侧上。上述波导101的另一侧的曲面部件400可以采用全反射镀膜(例如金属膜)以增加光的利用率；或者在某些耦入部分距离到耦出部分距离较短的设计中，也可以采用偏振镀膜，且如耦出部分再胶合上一个面型互补折射率相同的元件，使所述光学器件成为一个完整的平面波导构型，使部分角度很大的环境光也能透过所述光学器件被正常的观看。As shown in Figure 3, in this embodiment, in the part where the image light is coupled into the waveguide, the technical solution of the curved surface component 400 similar to the aforementioned curved surface that couples the image to the human eye can also be used, which will include a surface with optical power The curved part 400 is glued or bonded on the other side of the waveguide 101. The curved surface component 400 on the other side of the above-mentioned waveguide 101 can use a total reflection coating (such as a metal film) to increase the utilization rate of light; or in some designs where the distance from the coupling part to the coupling part is relatively short, you can also use Polarizing coating, and if the outcoupling part is glued with an element with the same surface complementary refractive index, the optical device becomes a complete planar waveguide configuration, so that part of the ambient light with a large angle can also pass through the optical device The device is viewed normally.
如图1、3所示，所述光学器件可以先分别制造平面波导101，波导101一侧的耦出的器件第二部分200、互补面型部分300，波导101另一侧的耦入的曲面部件400、贴合曲面部件400的反射部分的元件，各部件镀膜后通过胶合/键合工艺组装成完整器件。As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the optical device can firstly manufacture the planar waveguide 101, the outcoupled device second part 200 and the complementary surface part 300 on one side of the waveguide 101, and the incoupled curved surface on the other side of the waveguide 101. The component 400 and the components of the reflective part of the curved surface component 400 are coated and assembled into a complete device by gluing/bonding process after each component is coated.
如图6、图7所示作为参见，上述波导101和耦入的曲面反射部分、耦出的曲面反射部分也可以是用同一模具一次性脱模成型的单一元件，镀膜后通过胶合/键合工艺装配上互补曲面反射部分的元件形成完整器件。As shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 for reference, the waveguide 101, the in-coupled curved reflective part, and the out-coupled curved reflective part can also be a single component that is molded at one time with the same mold, and glued/bonded after coating The process assembles components with complementary curved reflective parts to form a complete device.
此实施列中，AR等***中的成像器件采用LCoS，LCoS输出的图像光线经过PBS器件(或偏振膜之类的偏振相关器件)后为偏振方向为S的线偏光被耦合入所述光学器件。In this embodiment, the imaging device in the AR system uses LCoS, and the image light output by the LCoS passes through the PBS device (or a polarization-dependent device such as a polarizing film), and then the linearly polarized light with the polarization direction S is coupled into the optical device .
成像器件还可以采用Micro LED或OLED等器件，相比于LCOS、DMD等器件可以省去光源及PBS、TIR等器件，进一步减小体积。当采用的Micro LED或OLED等器件发出的图像光为非线偏光时，还可以在光路中增加偏振片或波片等器件将图像光调制成线偏光后输入含有波导101的所述光学器件。或者也可以在所述的图像耦出曲面上镀半透半反(或一定透过率和一定反射率)或对特定角度反射的薄膜，从而避免对非偏振成像器件光能的浪费。The imaging device can also use devices such as Micro LED or OLED. Compared with LCOS, DMD and other devices, it can save the light source, PBS, TIR and other devices, and further reduce the volume. When the image light emitted by devices such as Micro LED or OLED is non-linearly polarized, devices such as polarizers or wave plates can also be added in the optical path to modulate the image light into linearly polarized light and then input it into the optical device containing the waveguide 101. Alternatively, a transflective (or certain transmittance and certain reflectance) or reflective film for a specific angle can also be coated on the image coupling surface, so as to avoid wasting light energy of the non-polarized imaging device.
还可以在***中增加其它透镜或反射镜，将成像器件上每个像素点输出的光调制成不同角度的平行光或接***行光耦合入波导，经由曲面部件400的耦入的曲面聚焦在器件第二部分200中的耦出面，即具有光焦度的表面201的焦点附近，最终由耦出面输出成像。It is also possible to add other lenses or reflectors in the system to modulate the light output by each pixel on the imaging device into parallel light or nearly parallel light at different angles and couple it into the waveguide. The outcoupling surface in the second part 200, that is, the vicinity of the focal point of the surface 201 having optical power, is finally imaged by the outcoupling surface.
在整个***中，还可以增加可变曲面(例如液晶透镜、液体透镜、采用相位调制的空间光调制器等)，从而实现实时改变***光焦度的功能，可通过控制***对上述光学器件施加不同的电信号，将观看者最终观看到的图像调制到不同的成像距离，实现光场/全息显示功能。同时也可以通过上述可变器件来补偿不同观看者眼睛存在的近/远视、散光等问题。上述调节功能也可以是通过在***中增加调节机构(例如微马达)，改变光学部件之间的位置来实现。In the whole system, variable curved surfaces (such as liquid crystal lenses, liquid lenses, spatial light modulators using phase modulation, etc.) can also be added, so as to realize the function of changing the optical power of the system in real time, and the above optical devices can be applied through the control system Different electrical signals modulate the images finally viewed by the viewer to different imaging distances to realize the light field/holographic display function. At the same time, problems such as myopia/hyperopia and astigmatism in the eyes of different viewers can be compensated by the above variable device. The above adjustment function can also be realized by adding an adjustment mechanism (such as a micro motor) in the system to change the position between the optical components.
在一个实施例中，上述耦入曲面可以被采用相位调制的平面反射式空间光调制器替代，空间光调制器贴合在波导101表面，可以在一定参数范围内模拟任意的曲面面型，从而实现对耦入图像光的实时动态调制，实现光场显示及补偿观看者眼睛的近视等问题。In one embodiment, the above-mentioned coupling curved surface can be replaced by a planar reflective spatial light modulator using phase modulation. The spatial light modulator is attached to the surface of the waveguide 101 and can simulate any curved surface within a certain parameter range, thereby Realize the real-time dynamic modulation of the coupled image light, realize the light field display and compensate the viewer's myopia and other problems.
在一个实施例中，还可以使用空间光调制器结合控制***生成的计算全息图来作为成像器件，同时调制成像距离及补偿光学像差。在这一方案中空间光调制器同时完成成像及调制光学像差的功能，无需额外的可变曲面器件，可以减少元器件数量。In one embodiment, a spatial light modulator combined with a computational hologram generated by a control system can also be used as an imaging device to simultaneously modulate the imaging distance and compensate for optical aberrations. In this solution, the spatial light modulator performs the functions of imaging and modulating optical aberration at the same time, and no additional variable surface device is needed, which can reduce the number of components.
在此实施例的一个变化中，可以采用两块平行介质板(两块板之间无其它材料)代替EP9000等波导材料形成波导101，介质板内侧镀有偏振膜，可将入射的S方向的图像光完全反射，而环境光中的P光则可不受影响的从两块介质板透射。这么做的好处是可以降低器件重量。在此实施例中，耦出的曲面部件也可采用一片曲面镜片加平面板替代图1中的器件第二部分200的具体结构以形成器件第二部分200，从而进一步减轻重量。In a variation of this embodiment, two parallel dielectric plates (without other materials between the two plates) can be used instead of waveguide materials such as EP9000 to form the waveguide 101. The inner side of the dielectric plate is coated with a polarizing film, which can convert the incident S direction The image light is completely reflected, while the P light in the ambient light can be transmitted through the two dielectric plates without being affected. The advantage of doing this is that the weight of the device can be reduced. In this embodiment, the second part 200 of the device can be formed by replacing the specific structure of the second part 200 of the device in FIG. 1 with a curved lens plus a plane plate for the outcoupled curved part, so as to further reduce the weight.
在整个器件的外部，还可以增加保护层，例如钢化镀膜或薄的钢化玻璃，以保护器件不容易损坏。器件的四边还可以镀有吸收光线的镀膜或涂覆黑色材料，用以过滤/吸收杂光。On the outside of the entire device, a protective layer, such as tempered coating or thin tempered glass, can also be added to protect the device from damage. The four sides of the device can also be coated with light-absorbing coatings or coated with black materials to filter/absorb stray light.
如图7所示，这一光学器件面向外部环境的一侧还可以增加具有光焦度的镜片，从而变成一幅带光焦度的眼镜，使近视的使用者可以看清外界的环境光。上述镜片也可以增加在面向观看者的一侧，从而使观看者观看外部环境的同时，也可以看清基于实际距离调制(未针对观看者视力做补偿)的图像光。As shown in Figure 7, the side of this optical device facing the external environment can also add a lens with optical power, thereby becoming a pair of glasses with optical power, so that myopic users can clearly see the external ambient light . The above lens can also be added on the side facing the viewer, so that the viewer can see the image light modulated based on the actual distance (not compensated for the viewer's vision) while watching the external environment.
在一个实施例中，还可以在波导器件之中加入采用不同折射率材料制作的透镜类器件，如图8所示。波导被分成两段，分别为第一波导段1011、第二波导段1012，每段 与位于两段波导之间的透镜1013相交的表面面型与透镜表面互补，波导采用OKP-A2材料，透镜采用PMMA材料制作，透镜胶合在两段波导上成为一个整体。这么做的好处是可以将部分光学器件并入波导，进一步减小***体积。In an embodiment, lens-like devices made of materials with different refractive indices may also be added to the waveguide device, as shown in FIG. 8 . The waveguide is divided into two sections, namely the first waveguide section 1011 and the second waveguide section 1012. The surface shape of each section intersecting with the lens 1013 located between the two waveguides is complementary to the lens surface. The waveguide is made of OKP-A2 material, and the lens Made of PMMA material, the lens is glued on the two waveguides to form a whole. The advantage of this is that part of the optical device can be incorporated into the waveguide, further reducing the system volume.
在一个实施例中，还可以增加转折部件500，将波导做成L型(一次转折)或Z型(两次转折)等特殊形状(如图9、图10所示，图9图10分别为两种不同的转折器件，图9可以使光路折叠为L型，可以使部分被折叠的光路融入眼镜的镜架之中，另一部分则作为镜片使用。图10的转折器件除将波导折叠为L型外，还可以使波导在用户观看的方向仍维持单块平面的构型，类似一块整体的平面镜片。这两种不同的转折器件可以在不同实施例中应用或者也可以在同一实施例中组合应用)，从而增加外形设计的灵活性。上述转折部件500可以是反射面为平面的棱镜或者反射面为曲面的棱镜，通过胶合/键合的方式连接两段波导。或者也可以是通过模具和波导一体制造，再在相应的面上制备对应的薄膜(反射膜，金属反射膜，偏振反射膜等)而制成。In one embodiment, a turning part 500 can also be added to make the waveguide into special shapes such as L-shape (one turning) or Z-shape (two turnings) (as shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10, Figure 9 and Figure 10 are respectively Two different turning devices, as shown in Figure 9, can fold the optical path into an L shape, and can make part of the folded light path into the frame of the glasses, and the other part can be used as a lens. The turning device in Figure 10 can fold the waveguide into an L shape In addition to the model, the waveguide can still maintain a single plane configuration in the direction viewed by the user, similar to a whole plane mirror. These two different turning devices can be applied in different embodiments or can also be in the same embodiment Combined application), thus increasing the flexibility of shape design. The turning member 500 may be a prism with a flat reflective surface or a prism with a curved reflective surface, and the two sections of waveguides are connected by gluing/bonding. Or it can also be made by integrally manufacturing the mold and the waveguide, and then preparing corresponding thin films (reflective film, metal reflective film, polarized reflective film, etc.) on the corresponding surface.
实施例2Example 2
实施例2为多曲面依次排布的实施例，是实施例1的变化例。Embodiment 2 is an embodiment in which multiple curved surfaces are arranged in sequence, and is a variation example of Embodiment 1.
如图4所示，一个光学器件中包含多个面型不同的具有光焦度的表面201，在波导101的延伸方向上依次排列在波导101的一边，此例中包含三个具有光焦度的表面201，具有光焦度的表面201形成的曲面上每点法线与波导101的上表面法线形成的夹角按远离波导101的方向递增。具有光焦度的表面201形成的曲面的厚度要小于波导101的厚度，从波导101的下表面反射后进入含有光焦度的曲面表面(即具有光焦度的表面201)的图像光线，将直接被曲面反射进入观看者眼中，而从波导101的上表面反射后进入曲面部分的图像光学，将先在三个曲面部分中任一个对应的与具有光焦度的表面201相对的平面203经历一次全反射后再入射到任一曲面，被曲面反射后进入观看者眼中。此例中曲面的厚度1.5mm，波导的厚度3mm。采用这种多个曲面方案的好处在于可以进一步减小器件的整体厚度，以及可以增大耦出区域(增大***的eyebox及视场)。As shown in Figure 4, an optical device includes a plurality of surfaces 201 with different focal powers, which are arranged sequentially on one side of the waveguide 101 in the extension direction of the waveguide 101. In this example, three surfaces 201 with focal powers are included. The surface 201 of the surface 201, the angle formed by the normal of each point on the curved surface formed by the surface 201 with optical power and the normal of the upper surface of the waveguide 101 increases in the direction away from the waveguide 101. The thickness of the curved surface formed by the surface 201 with optical power is smaller than the thickness of the waveguide 101, and the image light that enters the curved surface with optical power (that is, the surface 201 with optical power) after being reflected from the lower surface of the waveguide 101, will The image optics that are directly reflected by the curved surface into the eyes of the viewer, and reflected from the upper surface of the waveguide 101 and enter the curved surface part, will first experience the After a total reflection, it is incident on any curved surface, and then enters the viewer's eyes after being reflected by the curved surface. In this example the thickness of the curved surface is 1.5mm and the thickness of the waveguide is 3mm. The advantage of adopting this multiple curved surface scheme is that the overall thickness of the device can be further reduced, and the outcoupling area can be increased (enhancing the eyebox and field of view of the system).
如图5所示，上述光学器件的制造可以先加工出波导及各曲面(模具或机加工制造)，各面镀上所需镀膜后用胶合或键合的方式组装成完整器件。As shown in Figure 5, the manufacturing of the above-mentioned optical devices can firstly process the waveguide and each curved surface (manufactured by mold or machining), and then assemble the complete device by gluing or bonding after each surface is coated with the required coating.
如图6所示，上述光学器件的制造也可以将波导和各曲面一体制造(例如一个模具中一次脱模成型)，与各曲面互补的各元件也可以一体制造，镀膜后将两部分胶合组装成器件。在此制造过程中，还可以将互补元件面向环境光的一侧制作成具有一定光焦度的曲面，即面向外部的面302，用以补偿观看者眼睛存在的近/远视，散光等问题，如图 7所示。而在图6中示出的示例为图7的变化例，变化在于图6中面向外部的面302为平面。As shown in Figure 6, the above-mentioned optical devices can also be manufactured by integrating the waveguide and each curved surface (for example, one-time demoulding molding in a mold), and the components complementary to each curved surface can also be manufactured integrally, and the two parts are glued and assembled after coating into devices. In this manufacturing process, the side of the complementary element facing the ambient light can also be made into a curved surface with a certain optical power, that is, the surface facing the outside 302, which is used to compensate the nearsightedness/hyperopia, astigmatism and other problems of the viewer's eyes. As shown in Figure 7. However, the example shown in FIG. 6 is a variant of FIG. 7 , the change being that the surface 302 facing the outside in FIG. 6 is a plane.
在一个实施例中，所述波导器件的部分表面制备有改变偏振性质的薄膜，在波导器件内或波导器件表面经历不同全反射次数的光线进入器件第二部分200时的偏振性质不同。具体地，对波导的上表面或下表面镀上(或贴合上)可以改变偏振特性的膜层，从而使得在波导内某个表面上(例如下表面)经历全反射次数不同的光线的偏振方向不同(例如光线每在所镀膜表面反射一次，偏振方向改变90°，所以在下表面反射次数为偶数的光学的偏振方向为S，而在下表面反射奇数次的光线偏振方向为P)，当光线进入曲面部分(即器件第二部分200)后，偏振方向为S的光将被曲面反射耦合出器件，而偏振方向为P的光学将透过曲面部分后再经历一次全反射到达曲面部分与波导下表面相连的面(即相对的平面203)，相对的平面203上也制备有相同的改变偏振特性膜层，可以将P光转换成S光，再次全反射后被曲面部分反射耦出器件。这么做的好处是可以提供新的特性来控制光线，使其保持经历的全反射次数一致，可以使波导做的更轻薄、视场和EYEBOX更大。In one embodiment, part of the surface of the waveguide device is prepared with a film that changes polarization properties, and the polarization properties of light that undergoes different total reflection times in the waveguide device or on the surface of the waveguide device are different when entering the second part 200 of the device. Specifically, the upper surface or the lower surface of the waveguide is plated (or pasted) with a film layer that can change the polarization characteristics, so that the polarization of light rays that experience different times of total reflection on a certain surface (such as the lower surface) in the waveguide The direction is different (for example, every time the light is reflected on the coated surface, the polarization direction changes by 90°, so the polarization direction of the light with an even number of reflections on the lower surface is S, and the polarization direction of the light with an odd number of reflections on the lower surface is P), when the light After entering the curved surface part (that is, the second part 200 of the device), the light with the polarization direction S will be reflected by the curved surface and coupled out of the device, while the light with the polarization direction P will pass through the curved surface part and then undergo a total reflection to reach the curved surface part and the waveguide The surface connected to the lower surface (that is, the opposite plane 203) is also prepared with the same polarization-changing film layer on the opposite plane 203, which can convert P light into S light, which is partially reflected by the curved surface and coupled out of the device after total reflection. The advantage of doing this is that it can provide new features to control the light so that it can keep the same number of total reflections, which can make the waveguide thinner and the field of view and EYEBOX larger.
实施例3Example 3
实施例3中的所述光学器件为由上下两部分器件构成(如图11所示)，上下部分器件分别为上方波导、下方波导。上下两部分折射率相同，通过胶合工艺胶合在一起，上下两部分波导的交界面700上制备有旋光作用的薄膜或器件(例如液晶层)，当线偏振光线第一次从下方波导穿过中间的旋光层进入上方波导时，其在上方波导内的偏振方向为S向，被上方波导全反射(或曲面器件反射)后穿过中间旋光层入射下方波导，再次穿过中间旋光层第二次进入上方波导后其偏振方向将会变为P向。换言之，在上下合成后的器件整体上表面经历奇次反射的光线其在上方波导内的偏振方向为S向，而经历偶次反射的光线其在上方波导内的偏振方向为P向。The optical device in Embodiment 3 is composed of upper and lower parts (as shown in FIG. 11 ), and the upper and lower parts are respectively an upper waveguide and a lower waveguide. The upper and lower parts have the same refractive index, and are glued together by a gluing process. An optically active film or device (such as a liquid crystal layer) is prepared on the interface 700 of the upper and lower waveguides. When the linearly polarized light passes through the middle from the lower waveguide for the first time When the optically active layer enters the upper waveguide, its polarization direction in the upper waveguide is the S direction. After being totally reflected by the upper waveguide (or reflected by the curved surface device), it passes through the middle optically active layer and enters the lower waveguide, and then passes through the middle optically active layer for the second time. After entering the upper waveguide, its polarization direction will change to P direction. In other words, the polarization direction of light undergoing odd reflections in the upper waveguide is S-direction, while the polarization direction of light rays undergoing even reflections is P-direction in the upper waveguide.
器件中具有光焦度的曲面部分表面镀有偏振反射膜，当偏振方向为S向的光线入射上述表面时将会从表面反射成像；当偏振方向为P向的光线入射上述表面时将会从表面透过，在上表面经历一次全反射后进入下方波导，被下表面全反射后再次入射上述曲面时其偏振方向已变为S向，将被曲面反射成像。这么做的好处是可以加入更多的控制量来实现控制光束在曲面某一位置出射的目的，以及实现光线在波导内特定表面经历相同反射次数，例如此例中都是在上表面(包括耦入曲面的反射)经历奇数次反射才能出射。The surface of the curved surface with optical power in the device is coated with a polarized reflective film. When the light with the polarization direction S is incident on the above surface, it will be reflected from the surface; when the light with the polarization direction P is incident on the surface, it will be reflected from the surface. The surface is transmitted through, and enters the lower waveguide after undergoing a total reflection on the upper surface. After being totally reflected by the lower surface, when it enters the above curved surface again, its polarization direction has changed to S direction, and it will be reflected by the curved surface for imaging. The advantage of this is that more control can be added to achieve the purpose of controlling the beam to exit at a certain position on the curved surface, and to achieve the same number of reflections on a specific surface in the waveguide. For example, in this example, it is all on the upper surface (including coupling reflections into surfaces) undergo an odd number of reflections before exiting.
在上述实施例的一个变形例中，上述旋光器件700在具有曲面的部分和平面波导部分位置并不相同，如图13所示。这么做的好处是部分上表面经过奇次反射的光线不会因为在下表面多经历一次反射而产生偏振方向的变化导致部分能量从错误的位置耦出器件。In a modified example of the above-mentioned embodiment, the above-mentioned optical rotator 700 has different positions of the part with the curved surface and the part of the planar waveguide, as shown in FIG. 13 . The advantage of this is that part of the light that has undergone odd reflections on the upper surface will not undergo a change in polarization direction due to one more reflection on the lower surface, causing part of the energy to be coupled out of the device from the wrong position.
在上述实施例的一个变形例中，还可以在器件中增加具有不同折射率的膜层或器件，如图14所示，n 1、n 2、n 3构成的膜层厚5um，n 1、n 2、n折射率各不相同，从而进一步增加区分光线的手段。 In a modified example of the above-mentioned embodiment, it is also possible to add film layers or devices with different refractive indices in the device, as shown in Figure 14, the film thickness of n 1 , n 2 , n 3 is 5um, and n 1 , n 2 and n have different refractive indices, thereby further increasing the means of distinguishing light rays.
在上述实施例中也可以将旋光层替换为玻片等起相类似功能的光学薄膜或器件，使得在器件上或下表面经历奇数与偶数次反射的光线的偏振性质(方向、圆偏/线偏等)不同，从而实现区分不同反射次数的光线并调控的目的。例如将1/4玻片或起类似作用的薄膜制作在器件下部(如图11)，从上部输入的线偏P光将先被1/4玻片转换为接近圆偏的左旋或右旋光，再经历底部的反射后左旋或右旋的输入光将被变为右旋或左旋的圆偏光，再次穿过1/4玻片后，将被调制为S光返回上部。而从上部输入的S光则相反，两次经过1/4玻片及下部的反射后将被调制成P光。换言之，光线在器件上部有S和P两种状态，经历不同反射次数的关线偏振状态不同，只有在相应表面经历所设定次数(奇数或偶数)反射的光线才能被曲面部分耦出器件(如图11)，其余光线将在表面经历再一次反射后才能被曲面部分耦出器件。In the above-mentioned embodiments, the optical active layer can also be replaced by optical films or devices with similar functions such as glass slides, so that the polarization properties (direction, circular polarization/line) of light rays that experience odd and even times of reflection on the upper or lower surface of the device can be changed. Partial etc.) are different, so as to achieve the purpose of distinguishing and regulating light rays with different reflection times. For example, if a 1/4 glass slide or a film with similar functions is made on the lower part of the device (as shown in Figure 11), the linearly polarized P light input from the upper part will be converted into a left-handed or right-handed light close to circular polarization by the 1/4 glass slide , after reflection at the bottom, the left-handed or right-handed input light will be changed into right-handed or left-handed circularly polarized light, and after passing through the 1/4 glass again, it will be modulated into S light and return to the upper part. On the contrary, the S light input from the upper part will be modulated into P light after being reflected twice by the 1/4 glass slide and the lower part. In other words, the light has two states, S and P, on the upper part of the device. The linear polarization states of different reflection times are different. Only the light that has experienced the set number of reflections (odd or even) on the corresponding surface can be partially coupled out of the device by the curved surface ( As shown in Figure 11), the rest of the light will be partially coupled out of the device by the curved surface after the surface undergoes another reflection.
在上述实施例中也可以将旋光层或玻片层替换为改变光线其它性质的薄膜或器件，使得在器件上或下表面经历奇数与偶数次反射的光线的性质(相位、波长、偏振性、能量等)不同，从而实现区分不同反射次数的光线并调控的目的。In the above-mentioned embodiments, the optically active layer or the glass layer can also be replaced with a thin film or device that changes other properties of the light, so that the properties (phase, wavelength, polarization, Energy, etc.), so as to achieve the purpose of distinguishing and regulating the light of different reflection times.
在上述实施例的的一个变形例中，还可在器件内增加偏振消光层(例如偏振片或起相同作用的薄膜)，用以消除未被完全转换光学性质(例如偏振方向)的残余杂光。In a modification of the above-mentioned embodiment, a polarization extinction layer (such as a polarizer or a film with the same effect) can also be added in the device to eliminate residual stray light that has not been completely converted in optical properties (such as polarization direction) .
上述实施例中的旋光器件、玻片器件、消偏振光器件可以单独使用，也可以组合集成在器件内部。The optical rotation device, the glass slide device, and the depolarization device in the above embodiments can be used alone, or combined and integrated inside the device.
在上述所有器件外侧，还可以增加保护层(如图12所示，此例中采用曲面波导，曲面波导也可以应用在其它实施例中)，例如在器件外侧制备一层折射率较器件更低的膜层，在不破坏光线在器件内全反射传播的同时起到包含器件表面的作用。还可以在低折射率膜层外再制备一层硬度很高的膜层(钢化层)起到进一步保护的作 用。On the outside of all the above-mentioned devices, a protective layer can also be added (as shown in Figure 12, a curved waveguide is used in this example, and the curved waveguide can also be applied in other embodiments), for example, a layer with a lower refractive index than the device is prepared on the outside of the device The film layer plays the role of containing the surface of the device without destroying the total reflection and propagation of light in the device. It is also possible to prepare a layer of very high hardness film (toughened layer) outside the low refractive index film layer for further protection.
上述器件表面还可以镀有增透膜层，以提高环境光的透射率。The surface of the above-mentioned device can also be coated with an anti-reflection film layer to improve the transmittance of ambient light.
上述器件的上表面或下表面还可以贴合具有光焦度的部件，用以补偿观看者自身的视力缺陷(近视、远视、散光等)，所述具有光焦度的部件可以是普通的眼镜镜片，或者也可以是类似菲涅尔镜的镜片，或者也可以是焦距动态可调的部件，例如可变透镜(液晶透镜、液体透镜等，液晶透镜本身为平面，通过相位调制可等效于具有光焦度的曲面)，通过控制***输入信号动态调节。The upper surface or the lower surface of the above-mentioned device can also be pasted with components with optical power, in order to compensate the visual defects of the viewer (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, etc.), and the components with optical power can be ordinary glasses The lens, or it can also be a lens similar to a Fresnel lens, or it can also be a component with a dynamically adjustable focal length, such as a variable lens (liquid crystal lens, liquid lens, etc., the liquid crystal lens itself is a plane, and can be equivalent to Curved surface with optical power), dynamically adjusted by the input signal of the control system.
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变化或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例和实施例中的特征可以任意相互组合。Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. In the case of no conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily.

Claims (37)

  1. 一种光学器件，其特征在于，部分入射光在所述光学器件经历至少一次全反射，所述光学器件中至少一部分表面为具有光焦度的表面(201)，经历全反射的入射光入射所述具有光焦度的表面(201)后光焦度发生改变。An optical device, characterized in that part of the incident light undergoes at least one total reflection in the optical device, at least a part of the surface of the optical device is a surface (201) with optical power, and the incident light undergoing total reflection enters the The optical power changes after the surface (201) having the optical power is touched.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述经历全反射的入射光被所述具有光焦度的表面(201)反射。The optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that the incident light undergoing total reflection is reflected by the surface (201) having optical power.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，在所述光学器件中未经历全反射的入射光从所述具有光焦度的表面(201)透射。The optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that incident light not undergoing total reflection in the optical device is transmitted from the surface (201) having optical power.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的光学器件，其特征在于，从所述具有光焦度的表面(201)透射的光的光焦度不发生改变。The optical device according to claim 3, characterized in that the optical power of light transmitted from the surface (201) having optical power does not change.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述光学器件至少部分表面相互平行，形成对所述部分入射光的全反射结构。The optical device according to claim 1, wherein at least some surfaces of the optical device are parallel to each other, forming a total reflection structure for the part of the incident light.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述具有光焦度的表面(201)的面型为球面、抛物面、椭球面、双曲面中的任一种面型或者任多种面型的组合。The optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the surface type of the surface (201) with optical power is any one of spherical, parabolic, ellipsoidal, hyperboloid or any number of surfaces type combination.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述具有光焦度的表面(201)上镀有增反膜和/或偏振膜。The optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the surface (201) with optical power is coated with an anti-reflection film and/or a polarizing film.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述光学器件包含多个具有光焦度的表面(201)。The optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical device comprises a plurality of surfaces (201) with optical power.
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述具有光焦度的表面(201)上制备有面型贴合的互补面型器件。The optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that, a surface-bonded complementary surface device is prepared on the surface (201) with optical power.
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述互补面型器件与所述具有光焦度的表面(201)互补的互补表面(301)之外，另有一个表面为平面或曲面。The optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that, besides the complementary surface (301) of the complementary surface device and the surface (201) having optical power, another surface is a plane or a curved surface .
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述光学器件的具有光焦度的表面(201)的部分与其它部分通过同一模具一次加工成型。The optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the part of the surface (201) having optical power and other parts of the optical device are processed and formed by the same mold at one time.
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述光学器件包含两个部分，分别记为器件第一部分(100)、器件第二部分(200)；The optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical device comprises two parts, respectively marked as the first part (100) of the device and the second part (200) of the device;
    器件第一部分(100)包括光线在其中全反射传播的波导器件；The first part (100) of the device comprises a waveguide device in which light propagates through total reflection;
    器件第二部分(200)包括所述具有光焦度的表面的器件。A second part (200) of the device comprises said device having a surface with optical power.
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的光学器件，其特征在于，The optical device according to claim 12, characterized in that,
    所述波导器件采用光线在其中传播的波导材料介质构成；或者The waveguide device is made of a waveguide material medium through which light propagates; or
    所述波导器件采用两块介质板构成，其中，所述两块介质板之间为空心结构。The waveguide device is composed of two dielectric plates, wherein the space between the two dielectric plates is a hollow structure.
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，对应不同视场的光线在所述光学器件中至少汇聚一次。The optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that light rays corresponding to different fields of view converge in the optical device at least once.
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述波导器件满足条件：使得从波导器件与具有光焦度的表面(201)连接的一侧表面反射进入器件第二部分(200)的图像光线在进入器件第二部分(200)之前所经历的全反射次数，相比从波导器件与所述一侧表面相对的另一侧表面反射进入器件第二部分(200)的图像光线在进入器件第二部分(200)之前所经历的全反射次数少一次。The optical device according to claim 12, characterized in that, the waveguide device satisfies the condition: the reflection from the side surface of the waveguide device connected with the surface (201) having optical power enters the second part (200) of the device The number of total reflections experienced by the image light before entering the second part (200) of the device is compared with the image light reflected from the other side surface of the waveguide device opposite to the one side surface and entering the second part (200) of the device before entering the second part (200) of the device. The second portion of the device (200) has experienced one fewer total reflections before.
  16. 根据权利要求12所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述波导器件满足条件：使得从波导器件与具有光焦度的表面(201)连接的一侧表面反射进入器件第二部分(200)的图像光线在进入器件第二部分(200)之前所经历的全反射次数相同。The optical device according to claim 12, characterized in that, the waveguide device satisfies the condition: the reflection from the side surface of the waveguide device connected with the surface (201) having optical power enters the second part (200) of the device The image light rays undergo the same number of total reflections before entering the second part (200) of the device.
  17. 根据权利要求12所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述波导器件满足条件：使得从波导器件与具有光焦度的表面(201)连接的一侧表面相对的另一侧表面反射进入器件第二部分(200)的图像光线在进入器件第二部分(200)之前所经历的全反射次数相同。The optical device according to claim 12, characterized in that, the waveguide device satisfies the condition: the reflection from the other side surface opposite to the surface (201) of the waveguide device connected to the surface (201) with optical power enters the first part of the device. The image light rays of the two parts (200) undergo the same number of total reflections before entering the second part (200) of the device.
  18. 根据权利要求12所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述波导器件的部分表面制备有改变偏振性质的薄膜，在波导器件内或波导器件表面经历不同全反射次数的光线进入器件第二部分(200)时的偏振性质不同。The optical device according to claim 12, characterized in that, part of the surface of the waveguide device is prepared with a film that changes the polarization property, and light rays that experience different total reflection times in the waveguide device or on the surface of the waveguide device enter the second part of the device ( 200) the polarization properties are different.
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述光学器件的不同部分通过胶合或键合装配成同一器件。Optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that the different parts of the optical device are assembled into one and the same device by gluing or bonding.
  20. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述光学器件的至少一侧表面上还胶合、键合或制备有具有光焦度的曲面，用以矫正观看者眼睛的视力。The optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one surface of the optical device is glued, bonded or prepared with a curved surface with optical power to correct the vision of the viewer's eyes.
  21. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述光学器件中还包含采用不同折射率材料制作的部件。The optical device according to claim 1, further comprising components made of materials with different refractive indices.
  22. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述光学器件中还包含转折部件。The optical device according to claim 1, further comprising a turning component.
  23. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述光学器件由多个部分胶合或键合而成；其中：The optical device according to claim 1, wherein the optical device is formed by gluing or bonding multiple parts; wherein:
    胶合或键合的表面上镀有改变入射光线性质的薄膜；和/或The glued or bonded surfaces are coated with films that modify the properties of incident light; and/or
    胶合或键合的表面上制备有一个或多个改变入射光线性质的器件。The glued or bonded surface is fabricated with one or more devices that alter the properties of incident light.
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述光线性质包括：偏振性、波长、相位、能量中的任一种或任多种性质。The optical device according to claim 23, wherein the properties of the light include: any one or more properties of polarization, wavelength, phase, and energy.
  25. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述光学器件由多个部分胶合或键合而成；其中：胶合或键合的表面上镀有不同折射率的薄膜；和/或胶合或键合的表面上制备有一个或多个折射率不同的器件。The optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the optical device is formed by gluing or bonding multiple parts; wherein: the surface of the gluing or bonding is coated with films of different refractive indices; and/or gluing One or more devices with different refractive indices are fabricated on the bonded surface.
  26. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述光学器件外侧镀有薄膜，薄膜构成保护层和/或由薄膜贴合保护层。The optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the outer side of the optical device is coated with a thin film, and the thin film constitutes a protective layer and/or is attached to the protective layer by the thin film.
  27. 根据权利要求20所述的光学器件、其特征在于，所述具有光焦度的曲面是连续曲面、菲涅尔面、或可被调制的等效于曲面的部件。The optical device according to claim 20, wherein the curved surface with optical power is a continuous curved surface, a Fresnel surface, or a component equivalent to a curved surface that can be modulated.
  28. 根据权利要求1所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述具有光焦度的表面上任一点的切线与使光线产生全反射的表面的夹角小于等于
    Figure PCTCN2022083330-appb-100001
    其中n为光学器件材料的折射率,θ为外部入射的环境光与使光线产生全反射的表面的法线所成的最大角。     The optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the angle between the tangent of any point on the surface with optical power and the surface that causes total reflection of light is less than or equal to
    Figure PCTCN2022083330-appb-100001
    Among them, n is the refractive index of the optical device material, and θ is the maximum angle formed by the external incident ambient light and the normal of the surface that makes the total reflection of the light.
  29. 根据权利要求10所述的光学器件，其特征在于，所述互补表面(301)和/或所述具有光焦度的表面(201)上镀有偏振膜和/或吸收性质的膜层。The optical device according to claim 10, characterized in that, the complementary surface (301) and/or the surface (201) with optical power is coated with a polarizing film and/or an absorbing film layer.
  30. 根据权利要求8所述的光学器件，其特征在于，连接所述多个具有光焦度的表面(201)的连接面上任一点的切线与使光线产生全反射的表面的夹角大于等于在光学器件中全反射的光线与使光线全反射的表面所成的最大角。The optical device according to claim 8, characterized in that, the included angle between the tangent line at any point on the connection surface connecting the plurality of surfaces (201) with optical power and the surface that makes the total reflection of light is greater than or equal to that in the optical The maximum angle between the totally reflected ray in the device and the surface that totally reflects the ray.
  31. 根据权利要求9所述的光学器件，其特征在于，除去所述光学器件中光线经历全反射的部分或除去所述光学器件中光线经历全反射的部分及具有光焦度的部分(201)，所述互补面型器件与其余部分一体制造。The optical device according to claim 9, characterized in that, removing the part of the optical device where the light undergoes total reflection or removing the part of the optical device where the light undergoes total reflection and the part with optical power (201), The complementary planar device is manufactured in one piece with the rest.
  32. 一种光学***，其特征在于，包括根据权利要求1至31中任一项所述的光学器件，还包含成像器件；An optical system, characterized by comprising the optical device according to any one of claims 1 to 31, and further comprising an imaging device;
    所述成像器件输出的光线耦入所述光学器件。The light output by the imaging device is coupled into the optical device.
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的光学***，其特征在于，所述成像器件为LCoS、DMD、LCD、Miro LED、OLED、MEMS Scanner中的至少其中之一。The optical system according to claim 32, wherein the imaging device is at least one of LCoS, DMD, LCD, Miro LED, OLED, MEMS Scanner.
  34. 根据权利要求32所述的光学***，其特征在于，所述光学***中还包含透镜、反射镜、棱镜、光栅、波片、旋光片、偏振片、滤光片、光阑、光源、光纤中 的至少其中之一。The optical system according to claim 32, characterized in that, the optical system also includes lenses, mirrors, prisms, gratings, wave plates, optical rotators, polarizers, filters, diaphragms, light sources, optical fibers at least one of the .
  35. 根据权利要求32所述的光学***，其特征在于，所述光学***中还包含具备改变光焦度功能的可变器件。The optical system according to claim 32, characterized in that the optical system further comprises a variable device with a function of changing the optical power.
  36. 根据权利要求32所述的光学***，其特征在于，所述光学***中还包含改变各元器件空间位置的调节机构。The optical system according to claim 32, characterized in that the optical system further comprises an adjustment mechanism for changing the spatial position of each component.
  37. 一种AR设备，其特征在于，包括权利要求1至31中任一项所述的光学器件，或者包括权利要求32至36中任一项所述的光学***。An AR device, characterized by comprising the optical device described in any one of claims 1 to 31, or comprising the optical system described in any one of claims 32 to 36.
PCT/CN2022/083330 2021-12-14 2022-03-28 Optical device, optical system and ar device WO2023108949A1 (en)

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