CN1131201A - Electric furnace hot charge siliconthermic reduction vacuum magnesium-smelting new process - Google Patents
Electric furnace hot charge siliconthermic reduction vacuum magnesium-smelting new process Download PDFInfo
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- CN1131201A CN1131201A CN 95100495 CN95100495A CN1131201A CN 1131201 A CN1131201 A CN 1131201A CN 95100495 CN95100495 CN 95100495 CN 95100495 A CN95100495 A CN 95100495A CN 1131201 A CN1131201 A CN 1131201A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a new method for smelting magnesium by using electric furnace and its equipment. It is characterized by that the dolomite, bauxite and silicon iron are used as raw materials, and the calcined high-temp. (more than 700 deg.C) dolomite, bauxite and silicon iron are thermally placed in electric furnace, and under the condition of vacuum, are passed through the process of silico thermic reduction to smelt magnasium. The described electric furnace adopts a new type structure capable of making electrodes move freely up and down and ensuring strict sealing. Said method can save energy, save water, impose no pollution and its cost can be greatly reduced.
Description
The invention relates to a new process for smelting magnesium by an electric furnace and a device for realizing the method, in particular to a new process for smelting magnesium by silicon thermal reduction by hot charging of the electric furnace and a new device for finishing the process.
At present, the magnesium smelting process still extends to the magnesite chlorination electrolysis process of Soviet Union in 60 years at home, the process is complex, huge auxiliary systems such as chlorine gas circulation and the like are needed, the equipment is huge, the power consumption is high, and the total power consumption of each ton of pure magnesium is 25000 Kwh; the production cost is expensive, the raw materials are single, and the environmental pollution is serious.
The invention aims to provide a novel magnesium smelting method and a device thereof, which have the advantages of wide raw material source, energy conservation and low cost.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a new method and apparatus with high yield and with minimum environmental pollution.
The new method for smelting magnesium is characterized in that the new process for smelting magnesium by silicon thermal reduction in vacuum through electric furnace hot charging is adopted, and the process is carried out according to the following steps in sequence;
(1) respectively crushing and screening the raw materials of bauxite and dolomite to obtain 3-30 mm of particles, and uniformly mixing; crushing ferrosilicon, screening out 2-20 mm of particles, and standing alone for later use;
(2) adding dolomite, bauxite and ferrosilicon into the mixture to form slag after smelting magnesium, wherein the ratio of CaO to SiO is 1.7-1.8; ae2O3∶SiO2Proportioning 0.26-0.28 (according to the molecular ratio);
(3) adding dolomite and bauxite into a rotary furnace according to the proportion of the ingredients, heating to 1000-1080 ℃ and calcining to ensure that:
(4) adding the calcined dolomite containing MgO and CaO at the temperature of more than 700 ℃, the bauxite mixture and the ferrosilicon granular material into an electric furnace through a heat-insulating hopper;
(5) after the raw material is hot-charged into electric furnace, closing charging hole slag outlet of electric furnace, vacuumizing to 10 deg.C-2Paro, make Then stopping;
(6) condensing the magnesium vapor into liquid crude magnesium, refining into refined magnesium, and casting into magnesium ingots.
(7) And discharging the slag from the electric furnace and sending the slag into a slag treatment process. Then the next cycle of magnesium smelting is continued.
The dolomite grade is the dolomite which is calcined, wherein the dolomite comprises 20 to 22 weight percent of magnesium oxide, 30 to 33 weight percent of calcium oxide, less than 0.01 weight percent of alkali metal oxide, 0.08 to 1.8 weight percent of silicon dioxide and 46 to 47.5 weight percent of loss (carbon-containing gas and impurities).
The bauxite ore contains aluminum oxide) 60 percent;
the silicon iron contains more than 75 percent of silicon;
the thermal charging temperature of the calcined bauxite and dolomite is 900-950 ℃;
the device for realizing the method comprises a raw material selecting, crushing and screening device, a dolomite and bauxite rotary furnace heating and calcining device, a silicon thermal reduction vacuum magnesium-smelting electric furnace, a crude magnesium refining and ingot casting device and a slag treatment device, and is characterized in that the hot-charging silicon thermal reduction vacuum magnesium-smelting electric furnace is provided with a reliable electrode hole sealing device (2-7) which can enable an electrode to freely slide and ensure that the vacuum degree in the electric furnace is 10-2 Pa;
the new magnesium-smelting process and its equipment overcome the defects of magnesite chlorination electrolysis process, and because of adopting the measures of hot charging and feeding, silicon controlled rectifier rectification direct current power supply, etc., the power consumption is reduced from 25000 Kwh/ton refined magnesium to 9000 Kwh/ton refined magnesium by electrolysis process; the power consumption is reduced by 60 percent, the production efficiency is improved by 30 percent, the cost is reduced by 30 percent, and 22000 yuan/ton magnesium of a chlorination electrolysis method is reduced to 15000 yuan/ton magnesium; and overcomes the pollution of serious harmful toxic gas to the environment by a chlorination electrolysis method; the capital investment is saved; the capital construction period is shortened;
in the following, the magnesium smelting process and apparatus according to the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it being understood that various modifications and changes may be made therein in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, but such modifications and changes are to be considered within the spirit and scope of the present invention, the scope of the present invention being defined by the appended claims.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout of a process for smelting magnesium by silicothermic reduction in an electric furnace hot charge;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hot-charging silicothermic reduction electric furnace for vacuum magnesium-making;
FIG. 3 is a view of an electrode sealing device of a hot-charging silicothermic reduction vacuum magnesium-making electric furnace;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the process of smelting magnesium in vacuum by silicon thermal reduction in an electric furnace.
The following is briefly described in conjunction with the flow chart of fig. 4 and with reference to fig. 1:
the raw materials dolomite and bauxite are crushed into granules with the particle size of 3-30 mm by a crusher 1, the granules are sieved by a sieving machine 2, mixed according to the feeding proportion and sent into a calcining furnace 3, and the mixture is calcined at the temperature of 1000-
The calcined dolomite and bauxite containing Mgo and Cao at the temperature of over 700 ℃ are immediately sent into an electric furnace (5) through a hot charging insulation bucket (4);
the raw material ferrosilicon is crushed into 2-20 mm particles by a crusher, screened and deashed, and then fed into an electric furnace 5 according to the feeding proportion;
the raw materials are charged into an electric furnace (5) in a hot way, then a charging opening, a slag opening, a magnesium taking opening and the like are closed, a vacuum unit (8) is started, and the degree of vacuum pumping is up to 10-2Below Pa, at the same time, the electric furnace starts to carry out electric smelting, the temperature is raised to 1480-,make it 。
The smelting reduction of the magnesium metal is completed in about 60-80 minutes.
After the reaction is finished, the heat-resistant shutter door (2-13) is put down firstly, the power supply is stopped, the vacuum unit (8) is stopped, and magnesium steam with the temperature of 1350-.
And (3) feeding the crude magnesium liquid into a refining furnace (11), heating to raisethe temperature according to the conventional method, adding a covering agent, refining by the refining agent for about 10-15 minutes, discharging the magnesium ingot from the furnace, casting the magnesium ingot, and cleaning and coating the magnesium ingot to obtain the magnesium ingot which can be sold as a commodity.
After the smelting is stopped, a slag discharge port (2-3) of the electric furnace (5) is opened for slag discharge, and the slag can be used as a raw material for preparing products such as cement and the like after water quenching in a slag water tank (15).
It is noted that the slag can not be completely discharged, and the slag with the thickness of 150-200 mm is beneficial to the next cycle power transmission furnace opening, because according to the scheme for smelting magnesium by the electric furnace, the electric furnace does not adopt a large electric arc to form a temperature field but adopts the resistance heating of the conduction of ore slag to form a temperature field to achieve the aim of smelting and reducing the magnesium. Thereby further saving energy.
The crude magnesium is taken away, and the next smelting cycle can be started after the slag discharge is finished.
In the condenser (2-16), the residual tail gas after the crude magnesium is condensed is discharged from the top, cooled by a chiller (2-14), and discharged from a vacuum machine after being cooled to below 40 ℃ from about 700 ℃ and passing through an electric dust remover.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of the construction of an electric furnace according to the present invention, which has a furnace body (2-20) consisting of a flat bottom, a spherical cap and a cylindrical jacket and having a heat-resistant lining therein, a buffer (2-11) provided at the upper and lower portions of the furnace body for ensuring rapid and flexible charging (2-9),slag discharge (2-3), magnesium discharge, and magnesium vapor discharge passage to a condensation chamber (2-16), an electrode assembly consisting of a graphite electrode (2-5) and a long copper tube water-cooled electrode (2-6) and an electrode seal (2-7) provided at the central axis of the furnace body to be slidable through the top cover of the furnace body, and an elevating mechanism for connecting the electrodes, a safety valve (2-12) provided at the top of the buffer, and a heat-resistant gate valve (2-13) provided on the passage of the buffer (2-11) to the condensation chamber (2-16), the space at the lower part of the condensing chamber is a magnesium storage tank (2-17), the magnesium vapor is cooled into crude magnesium liquid from the cold energy radiated by a cold trap (2-15) at the side part of the condensing chamber, and the residual tail gas is discharged from the top part of the condensing chamber and enters a chiller (2-14).
The hot charging silicothermic reduction vacuum magnesium-smelting electric furnace is technically characterized in that a novel and original sealing structure which can ensure that an electrode slides freely and can be strictly sealed to ensure that the vacuum degree in the electric furnace is kept at 10-2 Pa is adopted, and the structure is shown in figure 3; an electrode seal (7) is arranged at the position where a water-cooling copper pipe electrode (3-2) coaxial with a furnace body (2-20) penetrates through a top cover of the furnace body (2-20), an aluminosilicate mineral wool insulating sleeve (3-4) and a lower insulating pad (3-6) are arranged in an annular space between the water-cooling copper pipe electrode (3-2) and a steel electrode hole water jacket (3-5) connected with the top cover from bottom to top, a plurality of layers of flexible graphite sealing rings (3-8) and mica partition plates (3-9) are alternately arranged, a rubber insulating sleeve (3-7) connected with the flexible graphite sealing ringsis arranged outside the flexible graphite sealing rings, an upper insulating pad (3-12) is arranged on the flexible graphite sealing rings, and a filler in the lower water jacket is compressed by a locking bolt, a nut (3-11) and a rubber sealing pad (3-10) and an upper sealing, a lower insulating pad (3-13) is arranged in a circular space between the water-cooling copper pipe electrode (3-2) and the upper sealing outer sleeve (3-14) from bottom to top, a plurality of layers of rubber sealing pads (3-15), spacers (3-16) and upper insulating pads (3-19) are alternately arranged, and the upper layer of packing is tightly pressed by the upper layer of locking bolts, nuts (3-18) and the upper layer of laminating cover (3-17) to ensure that the electrode can be reliably sealed under the condition of freely moving up and down.
The lower insulating pads (3-6), the upper insulating pads (3-12), the lower insulating pads (3-13), the spacers (3-16), the upper insulating pads (3-19) and the like are made of mica.
Claims (7)
1. A new method for smelting magnesium by an electric furnace is characterized in that a new process for smelting magnesium by silicon thermal reduction by adopting electric furnace hot charging is adopted, and the process is sequentially carried out according to the following steps:
and (1) respectively crushing the raw materials of bauxite and dolomite, screening out 3-30 mm granules, and uniformly mixing. Crushing ferrosilicon, screening out 2-20 mm of particles, and independently placing for later use;
<2>slag formed after magnesium is smelted according to the added dolomite, bauxite and ferrosilicon, wherein the ratio of CaO: SiO is 1.7-1.8; ae2O3∶SiO2Proportioning 0.26-0.28 (according to the molecular ratio);
and<3>adding calcined dolomite containing MgO and CaO and bauxite into a rotary furnace according to the mixture ratio, and heating to 1000-:
<4>the calcined dolomite, bauxite mixture and ferrosilicon granular material are immediately sent into an electric furnace for refining through a heat preservation hopper;
<5>after the raw material is hot-charged into electric furnace, closing charging hole and slag outlet of electric furnace, vacuumizing to 10 deg.C-2When the temperature reaches 1480- Refining for 60-80 minutes, and stopping smelting after reduction is finished;
condensing the magnesium steam into liquid crude magnesium, refining into refined magnesium, and casting into magnesium ingots;
<7>discharging slag from the electric furnace and sending the slag into a slag treatment process;
then the next cycle of magnesium smelting is continued.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the raw dolomite is of a grade such that, after it has been calcined, it contains (by weight) 20-22% magnesium oxide, 30-33% calcium oxide, less than O.01% alkali metal oxides, 0.08-1.8% silicon dioxide, and 46-47.5% loss in weight (carbon-containing gases and their impurities).
The bauxite ore contains more than 60 percent of aluminum oxide;
the silicon iron contains more than 75 percent of silicon.
3. Themethod as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein the thermal charging temperature of said dolomite, bauxite after calcination is 900-950 ℃;
4. a method according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that in order to better facilitate the use of the electrically conductive resistive heating of the ore slag to form a temperature field for smelting reduced magnesium, the slag is not completely removed from the electric furnace at the end of a smelting cycle and a portion of the slag is retained for the next cycle of power delivery to the furnace.
5. A device for realizing the method of claim 1, 2 or 4, which comprises a raw material selecting, crushing and screening device, a dolomite and bauxite rotary furnace heating, calcining and crude magnesium cooling device, a crude magnesium refining and ingot casting device and a slag treatment device, and is characterized in that the hot-charging silicon thermal reduction vacuum magnesium-smelting electric furnace is provided with an electrode hole sealing device which can lead an electrode to freely slide and ensure the vacuum degree in the electric furnace.
6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the electrode hole sealing device (2-7) is arranged at the position where the water-cooled copper pipe electrode (3-2) coaxial with the furnace body (2-20) passes through the top cover of the furnace body (2-20), an aluminosilicate mineral wool insulating sleeve (3-4) and a lower insulating pad (3-6) are arranged in the annular space between the water-cooled copper pipe electrode (3-2) and the steel electrode hole water jacket (3-5) connected with the top cover from bottom to top, a plurality of layers of flexible graphite sealing rings (3-8) and mica isolating poles (3-9) are alternately arranged, a rubber insulating sleeve (3-7) connected with the flexible graphite sealing ring is arranged outside the flexible graphite sealing ring, an upper insulating pad (3-12) is arranged on the flexible graphite sealing ring, and a nut (3-11) and a rubber sealing pad (3-10) are arranged on the flexible, the upper sealing outer sleeve (3-14) compresses the filler in the lower water sleeve, a lower insulating pad (3-13) is arranged in a circular space between the water-cooling copper pipe electrode (3-2) and the upper sealing outer sleeve (3-14) from bottom to top, a plurality of layers of rubber sealing pads (3-15) and isolating pads (3-16) are alternately arranged, and the upper insulating pad (3-19) compresses the upper filler through an upper locking bolt and an upper gland (3-17) of a nut (3-18) to ensure that the electrode can move up and down freely to realize reliable sealing.
The materials of the parts not shown in contact with the water-cooled copper tube electrode are electric insulating materials.
7. An apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the parts in contact with the water-cooled copper tube electrode are the insulating pad (3-6), the upper insulating pad (3-12), the lower insulating pad (3-13), the spacer (3-16), and the upper insulating pad (3-19) made of mica.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95100495A CN1053018C (en) | 1995-03-15 | 1995-03-15 | Electric furnace hot charge siliconthermic reduction vacuum magnesium-smelting new process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95100495A CN1053018C (en) | 1995-03-15 | 1995-03-15 | Electric furnace hot charge siliconthermic reduction vacuum magnesium-smelting new process |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1131201A true CN1131201A (en) | 1996-09-18 |
| CN1053018C CN1053018C (en) | 2000-05-31 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95100495A Expired - Fee Related CN1053018C (en) | 1995-03-15 | 1995-03-15 | Electric furnace hot charge siliconthermic reduction vacuum magnesium-smelting new process |
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| CN (1) | CN1053018C (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101999005A (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2011-03-30 | 牛强 | Vacuum circulation molten state silicothermic method for producing magnesium and equipment thereof |
| CN101676419B (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2011-06-15 | 辛卫亚 | Semi-continuous production metal vacuum smelting reduction device |
| CN102534251A (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2012-07-04 | 关树翔 | Yield and efficiency increasing method for smelting rough metal magnesium by Pidgeon process |
| CN104152720A (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2014-11-19 | 石家庄新华能源环保科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for reducing magnesium metal and byproduct cement clinker through electric heating |
| CN104245974A (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2014-12-24 | 姜远燮 | Method for preparing ferro-silicon and magnesium using ferro-nickel slag, preparation apparatus used therefor, and smelting reduction furnace |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4478637A (en) * | 1983-03-10 | 1984-10-23 | Aluminum Company Of America | Thermal reduction process for production of magnesium |
| US4518425A (en) * | 1983-12-20 | 1985-05-21 | University Of Waterloo | Production of magnesium metal |
-
1995
- 1995-03-15 CN CN95100495A patent/CN1053018C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101676419B (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2011-06-15 | 辛卫亚 | Semi-continuous production metal vacuum smelting reduction device |
| CN101999005A (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2011-03-30 | 牛强 | Vacuum circulation molten state silicothermic method for producing magnesium and equipment thereof |
| WO2011153683A1 (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2011-12-15 | Niu Qiang | Method for producing metallic magnesium by vacuum circulating silicothermic process and apparatus thereof |
| CN102534251A (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2012-07-04 | 关树翔 | Yield and efficiency increasing method for smelting rough metal magnesium by Pidgeon process |
| CN104245974A (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2014-12-24 | 姜远燮 | Method for preparing ferro-silicon and magnesium using ferro-nickel slag, preparation apparatus used therefor, and smelting reduction furnace |
| CN104152720A (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2014-11-19 | 石家庄新华能源环保科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for reducing magnesium metal and byproduct cement clinker through electric heating |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1053018C (en) | 2000-05-31 |
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Assignee: Erdos Electric Power Metallurgy Co Ltd Assignor: Sun Keben Contract fulfillment period: The period of performance of the contract is 2004-04-15 to the contract period Contract record no.: Contract filing No. 041000030042 Denomination of invention: New process for hot reduction of vacuum furnace by vacuum reduction of magnesium alloy by hot charging Granted publication date: 20000531 License type: Exclusive license Record date: 20040526 |
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Free format text: EXCLUSIVE LICENCE; TIME LIMIT OF IMPLEMENTING CONTACT:2004-04-15 TO CONTRACT Name of requester: EERDUOSI POWER METALLURGY CO., LTD. Effective date: 20040526 |
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