CN113099979A - Method for interplanting kumquat and pepper - Google Patents
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- CN113099979A CN113099979A CN202110448708.3A CN202110448708A CN113099979A CN 113099979 A CN113099979 A CN 113099979A CN 202110448708 A CN202110448708 A CN 202110448708A CN 113099979 A CN113099979 A CN 113099979A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for interplanting kumquat and pepper, which comprises the following steps: preparing soil and digging a kumquat planting hole before planting, and planting kumquat seedlings in the kumquat planting hole; II, performing water and fertilizer management, intertillage weeding and tip thinning on the kumquats after planting; III, digging a planting bed between two adjacent rows of kumquats, and digging a pepper planting hole on the planting bed; IV, planting hot peppers in the hot pepper planting holes, and watering after planting; v, performing water and fertilizer management on the pepper after the pepper is planted; and VI, harvesting the hot pepper and the kumquats. The method for interplanting the kumquats and the peppers strengthens the management of orchard moisture, improves orchard soil and under-forest environment, provides a proper growth environment for growth of the kumquats and promotes growth of the kumquats; meanwhile, the scheme of the invention can create a suitable growth environment for the pepper so as to improve the pepper yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fruit and vegetable interplanting and planting, in particular to a kumquat and pepper interplanting method.
Background
The kumquat is originally produced in Yangtze river basin and places in the south of China, the cultivation history is long, and the germplasm resources are rich. The current cultivation area and yield are at the top of the world. The kumquat fruit is beautiful and colorful, has the joyous and lucky meanings, and is a multipurpose fruit tree which is edible and ornamental. In recent years, the economic benefit of planting kumquats is remarkably improved, and the planting enthusiasm of farmers is greatly stimulated. The kumquats can be cultivated in citrus producing areas of China, wherein the cultivation areas of provinces and autonomous areas with large areas are provinces such as Zhejiang, Guangxi, Jiangxi and Fujian. The kumquat is also called kumquat, summer orange, kumquat, god date and tangerine, is one of citrus fruits, has golden skin and thin and tender skin, can be eaten together with skin and flesh after being cleaned, contains various nutrient elements such as vitamin, carotene, pectin and the like, and also has the pharmacological effects of reducing phlegm and relieving cough, regulating qi and resolving depression and the like. However, the economic benefit can be generated only after the kumquats grow for two years, and meanwhile, the land occupied by planting the kumquats is wide, and land resources are seriously wasted. And the cost for preventing and controlling the insect pests of the kumquats is higher, and the output and input ratio of the kumquat planting is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for interplanting kumquat and hot pepper, which aims to solve the problems.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for interplanting kumquat and pepper comprises the following steps:
preparing soil and digging a kumquat planting hole before planting, and planting kumquat seedlings in the kumquat planting hole.
And II, performing water and fertilizer management, intertillage weeding and tip thinning on the kumquats after planting.
And III, digging a planting bed between two adjacent rows of kumquats, and digging a pepper planting hole on the planting bed.
And IV, planting the peppers in the pepper planting holes, and watering after planting.
And V, performing water and fertilizer management on the pepper after the pepper is planted.
And VI, continuously harvesting the hot peppers after the hot peppers enter a harvesting period. And after the kumquats enter the harvesting period, continuously harvesting the kumquats.
Further:
and D, preparing soil before planting in the step I, namely selecting a land with a gentle topography, a leeward and a sunny land, removing weeds and building a simple greenhouse. The plant spacing after the field planting of the kumquats is 1.5-2m, and the row spacing is 2-2.5 m. The planting time of the kumquats is 2-4 months.
The excavating process of the kumquat planting hole in the step I comprises the following steps: fixing the points according to the plant spacing of 100cm and the row spacing of 200cm, digging a pot bottom type hole with the depth of 40cm and the diameter of 60cm at the fixed point, spreading 40L of manure with the concentration of 50 percent into the pot bottom type hole, backfilling the pot bottom type hole with soil, and then digging a kumquat planting hole with the depth of 20cm and the diameter of 30cm at the backfilling position.
The intertillage weeding in the step II is mainly shallow ploughing with the depth of 5-15 cm. And step II, water and fertilizer management comprises irrigation once a week and topdressing twice in 5-10 months of the first year of planting. And C, thinning the young shoots in the growing period of the new shoots of the kumquats in spring, summer and autumn, when the new shoots grow to 25-30cm, thinning the young shoots, only keeping 8-12 leaves upward from the base parts of the new shoots, and only keeping 2-3 robust young shoots at each tail end.
The interplanting position applied by the kumquat and pepper interplanting method is selected from a region of 22 degrees north latitude to 28 degrees north latitude, and the variety planted by the pepper is 'Ming Pepper No. 8'. And D, the pepper planting time in the step IV is 4 middle ten days.
And D, deeply ploughing and finely harrowing the planting bed in the step III, and applying base fertilizer to the planting bed according to the ratio of 1.2-1.8kg per square meter. And (3) fixing the hot pepper planting holes in the step (III) according to the plant spacing of 70-100cm, wherein the length and the width of each hot pepper planting hole are 5-10cm, and the depth of each hot pepper planting hole is 7-10 cm.
From the above description of the structure of the present invention, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
the interplanting of the peppers in the kumquats strengthens the management of the water in an orchard, improves the orchard soil and the under-forest environment, provides a proper growth environment for the growth of the kumquats and promotes the growth of the kumquats. Meanwhile, the under-forest interplanting overcomes the defect of long investment return period of kumquats, enhances the short-term income of an orchard, realizes the effects of short cultivation and long-term combination, resolves risks in the production process of fruit trees, improves the ecological environment, promotes ecological balance, consolidates and develops ecological construction achievements, and provides a good planting mode for fruit industry development, agricultural efficiency improvement and farmer income increase.
Specifically, for example, the kumquat seedlings are about 1 meter and the pepper seedlings are about 20cm, and due to the functions of shading and water storage of the kumquats, the watering frequency and the watering amount of the kumquat and pepper interplanted in the field are greatly reduced compared with the watering frequency and the watering amount of the pepper planted in the field at the same time.
And after interplanting, the incidence of plant diseases and insect pests of the kumquats and the peppers is low. In the adjacent plots with the same tree age, the insect pests of the golden orange red spider and the rust tick are serious, but the occurrence degree of the insect pests after interplanting is low, and meanwhile, the occurrence of the diseases is light. Meanwhile, the propagation of natural enemies of the pepper whiteflies is facilitated in the small environment of the orchard, so that the spread of diseases and insect pests of the peppers is reduced, the use of pesticides is greatly reduced, the cost is saved, and the method is more green and environment-friendly. And the kumquat has a certain insect expelling effect on the common pests of the peppers, such as mites, thrips, noctuids and the like, so that the pest control cost of the peppers is further reduced.
And after the interplanting, the growth vigor of the kumquat trees is better, compared with the method that only kumquats are planted in adjacent land blocks with the same tree age, the kumquats with the interplanted peppers are influenced by the steps of fertilizing, watering, intertillage weeding and the like in the interplanting, the soil permeability and the fertility are better, the leaves of the kumquats are dense, the growth is better, the weight of single fruit of the kumquats is larger, and the quality is obviously improved. And the two are interplanted, so that a suitable growth environment is created for the peppers, and the yield of the peppers is improved.
Finally, the kumquats are generally planted in spring, specifically in the period of 2-4 months, and the peppers are grown in 2-month seedlings and transplanted in 4 months, namely the working continuity in interplanting is strong, the manpower distribution is more scientific and reasonable, the manpower utilization is facilitated to the maximum, and the labor cost is further reduced.
Detailed Description
The following describes specific embodiments of the present invention.
A method for interplanting kumquat and pepper comprises the following steps:
selecting land with gentle topography, leeward and sunny appearance in the interval of 22 degrees to 28 degrees of north latitude, and particularly selecting the land set in the Sanming City area of Fujian province. Leveling soil, removing weeds and building a simple greenhouse. And (4) fixing points according to the plant spacing of 1.5-2m and the row spacing of 2-2.5m, and digging kumquat planting holes.
Specifically, a pot bottom type hole with the depth of 40cm and the diameter of 60cm is dug at a fixed point according to the plant spacing of 100cm and the row spacing of 200cm, 40L of manure with the concentration of 50% is spread into the pot bottom type hole, the pot bottom type hole is backfilled with soil and covered tightly, and then a kumquat planting hole with the depth of 20cm and the diameter of 30cm is dug at the backfilling position.
And (4) planting kumquat seedlings in the kumquat planting holes, wherein the planting time is 2-4 months. The height of the kumquat seedlings is about 1 meter when the kumquat seedlings are planted. The planting process comprises the steps of digging a kumquat planting hole, putting kumquat seedlings into the kumquat planting hole, stretching the root of the kumquat to be spread, righting by hands, filling soil into the kumquat planting hole, and compacting by feet. And then, lifting the kumquat seedlings upwards with moderate lifting force, and then covering a layer of soil. After the kumquats are planted, root fixing water needs to be poured thoroughly so as to ensure the survival rate of kumquat seedlings.
And II, performing water and fertilizer management, intertillage weeding and tip thinning on the kumquats after planting.
Wherein, the intertillage weeding is mainly shallow ploughing with the depth of 5-15 cm. Specifically, intercropping weeding is carried out irregularly for many times according to conditions every year after the kumquats are planted, shallow ploughing is mainly used for weeding, the depth is about 10cm, and soil needs to be kept loose and free of weeds.
The water and fertilizer management is to irrigate water once a week and fertilize twice in 5-10 months of the first year of planting. The top dressing is to apply fertilizer at a distance of 30-40cm from the kumquats, and 0.2kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer is selected as the fertilizer to be matched with 0.3kg of organic fertilizer. After fertilization, the fertilizer was covered with a layer of soil 10cm thick. And after the top dressing is finished, filling water for one time to promote the absorption of the fertilizer. The fertilizing positions of the two topdressing are axisymmetrically arranged on the straight line where the kumquat main body is located.
Thinning is carried out in the growth period of new tips of the kumquats in spring, summer and autumn, when the new tips grow to 25-30cm, thinning is carried out, only 8-12 leaves upward from the base of the new tips are reserved, and only 2-3 robust new tips are reserved at each tail end.
And III, digging a planting bed between two adjacent rows of kumquats, and digging a pepper planting hole on the planting bed.
Wherein the width of the planting bed is 30-60cm, deep ploughing and fine harrowing are carried out on the planting bed, and base fertilizer is applied to the planting bed according to the ratio of 1.2-1.8kg per square meter. The base fertilizer is decomposed organic fertilizer or 5 percent of compound fertilizer is mixed in the decomposed organic fertilizer.
The hot pepper planting holes are fixed according to the plant spacing of 70-100cm, the length and the width of each hot pepper planting hole are 5-10cm, and the depth of each hot pepper planting hole is 7-10 cm.
And IV, planting the peppers in the pepper planting holes, and watering after planting.
The variety planted by the pepper is 'Ming pepper No. 8'. The pepper of the variety can be grown in advance before the kumquat is planted in the area, namely, the pepper can be grown in 2 months; and transplanting the peppers after the kumquats are planted, namely transplanting the peppers in the middle and last ten days of 4 months. After the pepper seedlings are transplanted in pepper planting holes for field planting, enough root fixing water needs to be poured. Within three days after the field planting of the peppers, seedling reviving water is needed to be poured once so as to further keep the soil moist, reduce the ground temperature and promote the root system development. During the seedling recovering period, attention is paid to check whether seedlings are deficient, and if the seedlings are deficient, the seedlings are timely supplemented.
The variety of the Ming Pepper No. 8 has no symbiotic insect pest with kumquat. The variety has the characteristics of pleasantness to cool and intolerance to strong light, and is the optimal choice for cultivation under kumquat forests.
And V, performing water and fertilizer management on the pepper after the pepper is planted.
The pepper seedlings are promoted and controlled in the growth period on the aspect of water and fertilizer management, and enter the full fruit period when flowering and fruiting are carried out in the later period, which is the most vigorous growth and development period, and the fertilization is emphasized mainly for promotion. Because the simple greenhouse and the kumquat shade and water storage are adopted for the peppers, the pepper planting method can save 100m of water per mu in interplanting and save 80 Yuan/mu of watering cost in benefit.
And VI, continuously harvesting the hot peppers after the hot peppers enter a harvesting period. And after the kumquats enter the harvesting period, continuously harvesting the kumquats.
The harvesting period can be reached in 7 months of the current year after the pepper is planted, and the harvesting period can be continued to the end of the next year. In this embodiment, under the condition of the simple greenhouse, the harvesting period of the kumquats can be continued from 7 months in the second year after the planting of the kumquats to 4 months in the third year after the planting of the kumquats. Moreover, the yield can be increased by 250-500 kg/mu after the interplanting of the kumquats, and the quality of the kumquats is better. Calculated according to the average 10 yuan/kg of the selling price of the kumquats, the income per mu of the kumquats can reach about 5000 yuan, and the income of the hot pepper is much higher than that of the pure kumquats.
The benefit income is 1500 per mu yield plus 2000, 667m2 after interplanting, and the kumquat quality is better. By testing the yield of the pepper interplanted, the yield per mu is 1000-.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any insubstantial modifications made by using the design concept should fall within the scope of infringing the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for interplanting kumquat and pepper is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
preparing soil and digging a kumquat planting hole before planting, and planting kumquat seedlings in the kumquat planting hole;
II, performing water and fertilizer management, intertillage weeding and tip thinning on the kumquats after planting;
III, digging a planting bed between two adjacent rows of kumquats, and digging a pepper planting hole on the planting bed;
IV, planting hot peppers in the hot pepper planting holes, and watering after planting;
v, performing water and fertilizer management on the pepper after the pepper is planted;
VI, continuously harvesting the hot peppers after the hot peppers enter a harvesting period; and after the kumquats enter the harvesting period, continuously harvesting the kumquats.
2. The method for interplanting kumquat and pepper according to claim 1, wherein: preparing soil before planting in the step I, namely selecting a land with a gentle topography, a leeward and a sunny land, removing weeds and building a simple greenhouse; the plant spacing after the field planting of the kumquats is 1.5-2m, and the row spacing is 2-2.5 m; the planting time of the kumquats is 2-4 months.
3. The method for interplanting kumquat and pepper as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the excavating process of the kumquat planting hole in the step I comprises the following steps: fixing the points according to the plant spacing of 100cm and the row spacing of 200cm, digging a pot bottom type hole with the depth of 40cm and the diameter of 60cm at the fixed point, spreading 40L of manure with the concentration of 50 percent into the pot bottom type hole, backfilling the pot bottom type hole with soil, and then digging a kumquat planting hole with the depth of 20cm and the diameter of 30cm at the backfilling position.
4. The method for interplanting kumquat and pepper according to claim 1, wherein: the intertillage weeding of the step II is mainly shallow ploughing with the depth of 5-15 cm; step II, water and fertilizer management comprises watering once a week and topdressing twice in 5-10 months of the first year of planting; and C, thinning the young shoots in the growing period of the new shoots of the kumquats in spring, summer and autumn, when the new shoots grow to 25-30cm, thinning the young shoots, only keeping 8-12 leaves upward from the base parts of the new shoots, and only keeping 2-3 robust young shoots at each tail end.
5. The method for interplanting kumquat and pepper according to claim 1, wherein: the interplanting position applied by the kumquat and pepper interplanting method is selected from a range of 22 degrees to 28 degrees north latitude, and the variety planted by the pepper is 'Ming Pepper No. 8'; and the pepper planting time in the step IV is 4 middle ten days.
6. The method of interplanting kumquat and capsicum according to claim 5, wherein: the width of the planting bed in the step III is 30-60cm, deep ploughing and fine harrowing are carried out on the planting bed, and base fertilizer is applied to the planting bed according to the ratio of 1.2-1.8kg per square meter; and (3) fixing the hot pepper planting holes in the step (III) according to the plant spacing of 70-100cm, wherein the length and the width of each hot pepper planting hole are 5-10cm, and the depth of each hot pepper planting hole is 7-10 cm.
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