CN113093281A - Static correction method for improving prediction precision of small-amplitude structure aiming at complex earth surface structure - Google Patents
Static correction method for improving prediction precision of small-amplitude structure aiming at complex earth surface structure Download PDFInfo
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/50—Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation
- G01V2210/53—Statics correction, e.g. weathering layer or transformation to a datum
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Abstract
The invention provides a static correction method for improving the prediction accuracy of a small-amplitude structure aiming at a complex earth surface structure, which comprises the following steps: s1, fine first arrival time picking is carried out on data in the whole work area, three-dimensional grid refraction chromatography static correction is carried out by combining micro-logging interpretation data, and a fine near-surface velocity model and low-deceleration zone thickness distribution are inverted; s2, after obtaining a microlog constraint chromatography inversion near-surface velocity model, calculating a static correction value, and correcting medium and long wavelength static correction which is not completely solved; and S3, after the static correction value is applied, the residual static correction of the earth surface consistent reflected wave is carried out, so that the static correction problem of the work area can be fully solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geological exploration, and particularly relates to a static correction method for improving prediction accuracy of a small-amplitude structure aiming at a complex earth surface structure.
Background
The complex earth surface is mainly characterized by the landform, the gravel, the loess, the Gobi and the desert, the relief of the terrain is severe, the situation near the earth surface is complex, the terrain can cause severe deformation in first arrival, the terrain is in a sawtooth shape, the reflection homophase axis is severely distorted, the normal hyperbolic shape is deviated, the original data are overlapped in a balanced mode and basically not imaged, and the like, so that the static correction becomes one of key factors influencing the seismic data processing effect in the areas. Aiming at a complex surface structure, the prediction accuracy of a small-amplitude structure needs to be improved, and the currently applied mature methods are refraction static correction and chromatography static correction, but the methods have limitations respectively as follows:
1. because the terrain conditions are complex, the surface layer speed structure changes greatly, a stable refraction surface does not exist, the reference surface is difficult to select, and the regimentation speed and the filling speed of the weathered layer are difficult to estimate, the traditional refraction static correction can not accurately invert a near-surface speed model, and the actual production requirements of the areas can not be met.
2. The chromatographic static correction is not influenced by the above conditions in theory, but has strong dependence on artificial factors such as offset distance selection range, first arrival picking precision and near-surface constraint, so that the calculation stability is poor, and the inversion precision is influenced.
3. Neither approach completely solves the remaining medium and long wavelength static correction problem.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the background technology, the invention provides a new correction method for improving the prediction accuracy of a small-amplitude structure aiming at a complex surface structure in order to improve the processing quality of seismic data and effectively solve the problems of large thickness of a velocity reduction zone and low-amplitude structure characteristics of a region with severe velocity transverse change.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a static correction method for improving the prediction accuracy of a small-amplitude structure aiming at a complex earth surface structure comprises the following steps:
s1, picking up first arrival time of data in the whole work area, and carrying out three-dimensional grid refraction chromatography static correction by combining micro-logging interpretation data to obtain a micro-logging constraint chromatography inversion near-surface velocity model;
s2, calculating a static correction value, and correcting the medium and long wavelength static correction which is not completely solved;
and S3, applying the static correction value and then performing residual static correction of the earth surface consistency reflected wave.
The S1 includes: firstly, picking up the first arrival time of the wire harness, ensuring that each picked value is in the first arrival time, and effectively utilizing the first arrival information of the near-shot offset; and after the picking is finished, carrying out chromatography inversion immediately to check the picking effect, and checking whether flying spots and defects exist, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the first arrival picking.
The S2 includes: after all the first arrival time is picked up, merging the first arrivals in the whole work area, and performing whole inversion on the whole work area to obtain static correction values of shot points and demodulator probes in the whole work area; and then, the surface result is explained by using field acquired micro-logging data, and the changes of the surface speed and the thickness of the model in the transverse direction, the longitudinal direction and the vertical direction are restrained to obtain the inverted fine near-surface speed and the thickness distribution of the low-deceleration zone.
The constraint is represented by equation (1):
vi+1＝vi+(1－w)*Δv (1)
wherein vi +1 is the speed of a certain grid point at the i +1 th iteration, vi is the speed at the i th iteration, w is a constraint weight, and Δ v is the correction of the speed;
after the inverse model is built, the static correction value is calculated, and the static correction calculation is represented by formula (2):
wherein T is a static correction value, Hw is a surface layer thickness, Vw is a surface layer speed Hd is a static correction reference surface elevation, Hg is a high-speed layer top interface elevation, and Vr is a refraction interface speed.
The S3 includes: after basic static correction is made, correcting the medium and long wavelength static correction which is not completely solved through the residual static correction of the long wavelength in the refracted wave; the principle of the residual static correction of long wavelength in refracted wave is to obtain a correction value by the cross correlation of near-far offset, the static correction value is divided into the correction values of shot point and demodulator probe, and the problem of residual static correction of medium and long wavelength can be solved by applying the correction value to data.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following outstanding advantages and positive effects:
the method solves the static correction problem of the complex earth surface structure area by improving the static correction application method in the processing flow, improves the seismic data quality, improves the prediction precision of the small-amplitude structure, and provides an important basis for the well location deployment of the mine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a fine first arrival time picking diagram;
FIG. 2 is a comparison graph of the thickness of a low-deceleration layer of micro-logging constrained and unconstrained tomographic inversion static correction inversion;
FIG. 3 is a surface velocity contrast diagram of micro-logging constrained and unconstrained tomographic inversion static correction inversion;
FIG. 4 is a comparison graph of a micro-logging constrained and unconstrained tomography inversion static correction front and back single shots;
FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of the superposed profiles before and after the micro-logging constrained and unconstrained tomographic inversion static correction;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional comparison of the long wavelength residual static correction in the refracted wave before and after application of the overlay.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical method, characteristics and effects of the invention more easily understood, the invention is further described below with reference to specific application examples.
Firstly, picking up the first arrival time of the wire harness, as shown in a fine picking-up diagram of fig. 1, ensuring that each red picking-up value is in the first arrival time, and effectively utilizing the near-offset first arrival information; and after the picking is finished, carrying out chromatography inversion immediately to check the picking effect, and checking whether flying spots and defects exist, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the first arrival picking.
After all the first arrival time is picked up, merging the first arrivals in the whole work area, and performing whole inversion on the whole work area to obtain static correction values of shot points and demodulator probes in the whole work area; and then, by utilizing micro-logging data acquired in the field, surface layer achievements and changes of surface layer speeds and thicknesses of the constraint model in the transverse direction, the longitudinal direction and the vertical direction are interpreted to obtain the fine near-surface speed and the thickness distribution of the low-deceleration zone after inversion, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the low-speed information of the constrained speed model is richer, the shallow speed model has higher resolution, the detailed description of the model is finer, and the surface layer speed is well matched with the micro-logging. The constraint is represented by equation (1):
vi+1＝vi+(1－w)*Δv (1)
wherein vi +1 is the speed of a certain grid point at the i +1 th iteration, vi is the speed at the i th iteration, w is a constraint weight, and Δ v is the correction of the speed;
after the inverse model is built, the static correction value is calculated, and the static correction calculation is represented by formula (2):
wherein T is a static correction value, Hw is a surface layer thickness, Vw is a surface layer speed, Hd is a static correction reference surface elevation, Hg is a high-speed layer top interface elevation, and Vr is a refraction interface speed.
As shown in FIG. 5, a 'false anticline' structure appears in the seismic section before micro-logging constraint chromatography inversion static correction, the problem of long-wavelength static correction exists in the seismic section, after the micro-logging constraint chromatography inversion static correction method is adopted, the change trend of the actually measured depth is fused in the target horizon of the seismic section, the reflection wave group form of the position indicated by a red arrow is really recovered, and the geological background characteristics of a work area are better met.
After the basic static correction is made, the medium and long wavelength static correction which is not completely solved can be corrected by the residual static correction of the long wavelength in the refracted wave. The principle of the long-wavelength residual static correction in the refracted wave is to obtain a correction value through cross correlation of near offset and far offset, decompose the surface consistency of the correction value to obtain the correction values of a shot point and a demodulator probe, and apply the correction values to data to solve the problem of residual medium and long-wavelength static correction.
In conclusion, the method can obtain a finer and higher-resolution shallow velocity model aiming at a complex surface structure area, has high matching degree of surface velocity and micro logging, can solve the problem of residual medium and long wavelength static correction, improves imaging precision and lays a solid foundation for improving small-amplitude structure prediction precision.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A static correction method for improving the prediction accuracy of a small-amplitude structure aiming at a complex earth surface structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, carrying out fine first arrival picking on data in the whole work area, carrying out three-dimensional grid refraction chromatography static correction by combining micro-logging interpretation data, and performing fine near-surface speed and low-deceleration zone thickness distribution;
s2, calculating the static correction value of the micro-logging constraint chromatography inversion near-surface velocity model, and correcting the medium and long wavelength static correction which is not completely solved;
and S3, after the static correction value is applied, the residual static correction of the earth surface consistent reflected wave is carried out, so that the static correction problem of the work area can be fully solved.
2. The static correction method according to claim 1, wherein the S1 includes: firstly, picking up the first arrival time of the wire harness, ensuring that each picked value is in the first arrival time, and effectively utilizing the first arrival information of the near-shot offset; and after the picking is finished, carrying out chromatography inversion immediately to check the picking effect, and checking whether flying spots and defects exist, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the first arrival picking.
3. The static correction method according to claim 1, wherein the S2 includes: after all the first arrival time is picked up, merging the first arrivals in the whole work area, and performing whole inversion on the whole work area to obtain static correction values of shot points and demodulator probes in the whole work area; and then, the surface result is explained by using field acquired micro-logging data, and the changes of the surface speed and the thickness of the model in the transverse direction, the longitudinal direction and the vertical direction are restrained to obtain the inverted fine near-surface speed and the thickness distribution of the low-deceleration zone.
The constraint is represented by equation (1):
vi+1＝vi+(1－w)*Δv (1)
wherein vi +1 is the speed of a certain grid point at the i +1 th iteration, vi is the speed at the i th iteration, w is a constraint weight, and Δ v is the correction of the speed;
after the inverse model is built, the static correction value is calculated, and the static correction calculation is represented by formula (2):
wherein T is a static correction value, Hw is a surface layer thickness, Vw is a surface layer speed, Hd is a static correction reference surface elevation, Hg is a high-speed layer top interface elevation, and Vr is a refraction interface speed.
4. The static correction method according to claim 1, wherein the S3 includes: after the basic static correction is made, the medium and long wavelength static correction which is not completely solved can be corrected by the residual static correction of the long wavelength in the refracted wave.
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Citations (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5157638A (en) * | 1992-01-13 | 1992-10-20 | Conoco Inc. | Method of deriving statics corrections from common reflection point gathers |
| CN102590864A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-07-18 | 中国石油集团西北地质研究所 | Near-surface modeling method using tomography inversion of two-step method |
| CN108196305A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-06-22 | 东华理工大学 | A kind of mountainous region static correcting method |
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- 2021-04-13 CN CN202110395800.8A patent/CN113093281A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5157638A (en) * | 1992-01-13 | 1992-10-20 | Conoco Inc. | Method of deriving statics corrections from common reflection point gathers |
| CN102590864A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-07-18 | 中国石油集团西北地质研究所 | Near-surface modeling method using tomography inversion of two-step method |
| CN108196305A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-06-22 | 东华理工大学 | A kind of mountainous region static correcting method |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
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| 王娟等: "巨厚黄土塬区高精度层析反演速度建模技术", 《中国地球科学联合学术年会2020》 * |
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Application publication date: 20210709 |