CN113090261B - Novel method for mechanical rock breaking based on tensile and shear stress - Google Patents
Novel method for mechanical rock breaking based on tensile and shear stress Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 abstract description 35
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 206010003497 Asphyxia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
- E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
- E21C37/08—Devices with pistons, plungers, or the like, pressed locally against the wall of the borehole
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel method for mechanical rock breaking based on tensile and shear stress.A hydraulic power mechanism comprises a movable power vehicle (9) and a hydraulic oil tank (11) assembled on the power vehicle (9), wherein the hydraulic oil tank (11) is provided with a driving motor (10), a pressure gauge (12) and a controller (13) for controlling oil delivery of the hydraulic oil tank (11); the drawing rock breaking mechanism comprises a hydraulic jack (1), a jacking vertical rod (2), a backing plate (4), a cross beam (5), a drawing rod (6) and an anchoring rod (8); one end of the oil feeding pipeline (14) and one end of the oil return pipeline (15) are respectively connected with an oil inlet and an oil return port of the hydraulic ram (1), and the other end of the oil feeding pipeline and the oil return pipeline are respectively connected with an oil outlet valve and an oil return valve of the hydraulic oil tank (11). The invention fully utilizes the compression-resistant and tensile-resistant characteristics of rock mass, realizes static environment-friendly mechanical rock breaking without drilling and blasting, avoids excessive crushing and higher block rate of rock mass, meets the requirement of rock block size of engineering projects, improves the mechanical shoveling and transporting efficiency, reduces the shoveling and transporting operation cost, and can be widely applied to the fields of mines, tunnels, traffic roads, slopes, foundation pit excavation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical rock breaking, and particularly relates to a novel method for mechanical rock breaking based on tensile and shear stress, which can be widely applied to the fields of mines, tunnels, traffic roads, slopes, foundation pit excavation and the like.
Background
Currently, explosive blasting is still the most important rock mass crushing mode, however, the rock mass in a crushing area is too crushed in the blasting rock-breaking mode, and a crack area is easy to generate large blocks, so that the explosive energy utilization rate is low and is generally about 20%; and secondary disasters such as severe blasting vibration, noise and the like are caused after a large amount of blasting energy is released, and a large amount of blasting dust, CO, NO and NO are generated2、NH3、SO2The toxic and harmful gas is exploded, the production operation environment and the atmospheric environment are polluted, and the health of the operators is seriously harmed; for blasting operation of underground space, the method often induces smoke poisoning accidents of blasting gun, and poses serious threat to production operation safety, and meanwhile, the pressure of ecological environment protection and energy conservation and emission reduction is greatly increased. 176 people die after 45 major production safety accidents happen in the national metal and nonmetal mines in 2009; wherein, the smoking poisoning and suffocation accident of blasting gun is up to 12, 46 dead people account for 26.1 percent of the total dead people. The annual industrial explosive usage amount of China is about 420 ten thousand tons, and the conversion is carried out according to the coefficient that the industrial explosive generates 50L/kg of toxic and harmful gas, so that the amount of the toxic and harmful gas discharged per year reaches 21000 ten thousand m3And the environmental pollution is serious. How to thoroughly solve the secondary disaster problem of blasting mode broken rock is the key of safe and environment-friendly broken rock under the current ecological civilization construction background, and has important practical significance for ecological environment protection.
In order to overcome the problems of the blasting and rock breaking mode, in recent years, with the enhancement of self-protection awareness and environmental protection awareness of people, people pay more and more attention to blasting hazards, and especially when a blasting area is very close to a building (structure), in order to ensure the safety of surrounding buildings and reduce disputes caused by blasting, some construction units do not use a conventional blasting method and tend to apply a non-blasting excavation rock breaking process. Therefore, various new rock breaking methods are researched, such as hydraulic rock breaking, mechanical rock breaking, combined hydraulic and mechanical rock breaking, ultrasonic-assisted rock breaking, laser-assisted rock breaking and gas expansion rock breaking. The 'summary of non-blasting rock breaking methods' published in the 21 st stage of the 'Chinese scientific and technical information' 2015 introduces several common non-blasting methods for hard rock excavation at home and abroad at present, explains the rock breaking working principle of various non-blasting rock breaking methods, and summarizes the performance characteristics of mechanical equipment used by the methods, and specifically comprises non-blasting means such as a static crushing method, a carbon dioxide cracking device, a hydraulic splitter, a high-frequency breaking hammer and the like. Although the methods have the advantages of high safety, small pollution, low harm and the like, compared with the conventional blasting method, the non-blasting method has the advantages of much higher cost for breaking rocks and difficulty in large-scale and low-cost industrial utilization.
It is well known that rock has the property of resisting compression rather than tension shear, and the tensile strength and shear strength of rock are much less than the compressive strength of rock. Generally, the tensile strength of rock is the smallest, the shear strength is the next smallest, and the compressive strength is the largest; the tensile strength of the rock is 1/10-1/30 of the compressive strength, and the shear strength is 1/8-1/12 of the compressive strength. How to utilize the rock characteristic to carry out engineering rock breaking is an important research direction for improving the energy utilization rate, reducing the energy consumption and avoiding secondary blasting harm.
Therefore, the invention provides a novel method for mechanical rock breaking based on tensile and shear stress.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a novel method for mechanical rock breaking based on tensile and shear stress, which aims to overcome the defects of rock breaking in an explosive blasting mode, reduce the energy consumption of blasting and rock breaking, improve the utilization rate of rock breaking energy, create an excellent production operation environment and thoroughly solve the problem of damage such as blasting vibration, blasting dust, toxic and harmful gases and the like caused during the blasting and rock breaking.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the new method for mechanical rock breaking based on tensile and shear stress of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a novel method for mechanical rock breaking based on tensile and shear stress.A rock breaking equipment system adopted is formed by connecting a hydraulic power mechanism and a drawing rock breaking mechanism through an oil feeding pipeline and an oil return pipeline; the hydraulic power mechanism comprises a movable power vehicle and a hydraulic oil tank assembled on the power vehicle, and the hydraulic oil tank is provided with a driving motor, a pressure gauge and a controller for controlling oil delivery of the hydraulic oil tank; the drawing rock breaking mechanism comprises a hydraulic jack, a jacking vertical rod, a base plate, a cross beam, a drawing rod and an anchoring rod, wherein the hydraulic jack is positioned on the base plate, the lower part of the jacking vertical rod is connected with the upper end of the hydraulic jack, two ends of the cross beam are fixedly connected with the upper end of the jacking vertical rod through clamping pins, the upper part of the drawing rod is connected with the cross beam through the clamping pins, and the lower part of the drawing rod is connected with the anchoring rod which is arranged in a drawing hole in a rock body according to the designed hole pitch and row pitch through a clamp; one end of the oil feeding pipeline and one end of the oil return pipeline are respectively connected with an oil inlet and an oil return port of the hydraulic ram, and the other end of the oil feeding pipeline and the oil return pipeline are respectively connected with an oil outlet valve and an oil return valve of the hydraulic oil tank;
the mechanical rock breaking method comprises the following steps:
1) drilling limiting holes and drawing holes in a rock mass according to design hole pitch and row pitch parameters, wherein the limiting holes are positioned on the periphery of a rectangular surface formed by the drawing holes; anchoring the anchoring rod in the drawing hole in sections by adopting an anchoring agent so that the anchoring rod is tightly connected with the rock mass around the drawing hole;
2) after the anchoring rod reaches the designed anchoring force, the upper end of the anchoring rod is connected and fixed with the lower part of the pulling rod by adopting a clamp, and then the anchoring rod is connected with the cross beam through the pulling rod;
3) cleaning loose crushed stones on the ground surface at the position where the hydraulic jack is installed, and treating the loose crushed stones to stable bedrock; placing the base plate on the rock surface, then placing the hydraulic jack, connecting and fixing the jacking vertical rod, and firmly connecting the jacking vertical rod with the cross beam through the clamping pin;
4) then one end of the oil feeding pipeline and one end of the oil return pipeline are respectively connected with an oil inlet and an oil return port of the hydraulic jack, and the other end of the oil feeding pipeline and one end of the oil return pipeline are respectively connected with an oil outlet valve and an oil return valve of the hydraulic oil tank;
5) the driving motor is started by adopting a power vehicle, and hydraulic oil in a hydraulic oil tank (11) is conveyed to an oil cylinder of a hydraulic jack through an oil conveying pipeline by operating a manipulator;
6) the hydraulic jack is driven by hydraulic pressure to be lifted slowly to drive the jacking vertical rod and the cross beam to ascend gradually;
7) the pulling rod and the clamp are slowly lifted along with the beam, so that the anchoring rod is driven to pull and crack the rock mass in the first pulling and cracking area at the upper part to form broken rock blocks;
8) after the rock blocks crushed in the first fracturing area are cleaned by mechanical loading equipment, performing rock crushing on a second fracturing area positioned at the lower part of the first fracturing area in the same way, and so on;
9) after the rock mass in the drawing hole area is completely crushed, the equipment is transported to other areas by a power vehicle to carry out rock breaking work.
According to the rock breaking requirement of the site engineering, the drawing holes can be vertical holes (under the condition of vertical drawing) or horizontal holes (under the condition of lateral drawing), the drawing holes are vertical to the surface of the rock body, the hole diameter is 40-150 mm, the distance is 0.6-1.5 m, the drilling length can be adjusted within the range of 1-15 m according to the production requirement, and the requirement of the rock body breaking block degree required by the engineering is met.
The anchoring rod can be made of deformed steel or a plurality of bundles of steel strands, and in order to meet the drawing strength requirement, the diameter of the anchoring rod is generally 18-100 mm, and the length of the anchoring rod is 0.6-1.5 m;
in engineering application, limiting holes are drilled on the periphery of a rectangular surface formed by drawing holes, and when one or more free surfaces exist, the limiting holes on one side or more sides are correspondingly reduced; the drilling diameter of the limiting hole is 20-50 mm smaller than that of the drawing hole, the drilling distance is 1/3-1/2 of the drawing hole, and the drilling length is the same as that of the drawing hole.
In order to protect the environment, the anchoring agent is made of degradable resin or other environment-friendly materials, and can rapidly reach the set anchoring force within 5-10 minutes. Generally, the anchoring force is set to be 1.5 to 3.0 times of the tensile strength of the rock mass around the drawing hole.
According to the actual needs of engineering, the anchoring rods arranged in the drawing holes can be one section, two sections, three sections or multiple sections, and the ends between the two adjacent sections are buried in a staggered mode.
The drawing hole is anchored at one time in full length, and a multi-drawing mechanical rock breaking mode of one-time drilling and sectional rock breaking is adopted; and drawing 1-5 rows of drilled holes each time according to the rock mass characteristics and the jacking capacity of the hydraulic jack. Rock masses between adjacent drawing holes and between the drawing hole and the limiting hole are subjected to tensile stress to form tensile rock breaking areas; rock mass between adjacent limiting holes is subjected to shear stress to form a through shear surface which is separated from surrounding non-tension-shear areas. The anchoring agent is degradable resin or other environment-friendly materials, so that the environmental pollution is avoided; meanwhile, the anchoring force can be rapidly achieved within 5-10 minutes, and the field mechanical operation efficiency is improved.
The power vehicle not only provides power for the driving motor, but also can transport the equipment to a specified place for rock breaking according to engineering requirements, and flexible movement of the equipment is realized.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the novel method for mechanical rock breaking based on tensile and shear stress has the following positive effects:
(1) the invention fully utilizes the characteristics of compression resistance, tensile resistance and shear resistance of the rock mass, realizes the fracture of the rock mass by utilizing smaller load, avoids the damage of blasting fume, dust and vibration caused by blasting and rock breaking by adopting explosives, thoroughly solves the problems of low energy utilization rate, large environmental pollution and serious secondary disaster caused by blasting and rock breaking by adopting explosives, eliminates the occurrence of poisoning and suffocation accidents of the blasting fume, creates excellent production operation environment and labor sanitary conditions, and improves the production operation safety.
(2) The invention can realize static environment-friendly mechanical rock breaking without blasting by drilling, avoid excessive crushing and higher block rate of rock blocks, meet the requirement of the rock block size of engineering projects, improve the mechanical shoveling and transporting efficiency and reduce the shoveling and transporting operation cost.
(3) The anchoring agent is degradable resin or other environment-friendly materials, does not cause secondary environmental pollution, and is beneficial to protecting the environment.
(4) The method is simple to operate, easy to master, safe and reliable, and constructors after technical training can master the technical skill of the process operation skillfully, thereby facilitating the mechanized construction and improving the production operation efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal section of a breaking equipment system for a new method of mechanical rock breaking based on tensile and shear stress according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a rock breaking equipment system when two rows of holes are adopted in the novel method for mechanical rock breaking based on tensile and shear stress;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a rock breaking equipment system when three rows of holes are adopted in the novel method for mechanical rock breaking based on tensile and shear stress;
the reference signs are: 1-hydraulic jack; 2-jacking a vertical rod; 3-a bayonet lock; 4-a backing plate; 5-a cross beam; 6-pulling a rod; 7-a clamp; 8-an anchor rod; 9-a power vehicle; 10-a drive motor; 11-a hydraulic oil tank; 12-pressure gauge; 13-a manipulator; 14-an oil delivery pipeline; 15-return line; 16-a limiting hole; 17-drawing the hole; 18-an anchoring agent; 19-first pull-fracture zone; 20-second spalling zone; 21-rock mass.
Detailed Description
In order to better describe the present invention, a new method for mechanical rock breaking based on tensile and shear stress according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The schematic longitudinal section of the novel method for mechanical rock breaking based on tensile and shear stress in the invention shown in fig. 1 is combined with fig. 2 and fig. 3, and the novel method for mechanical rock breaking based on tensile and shear stress is formed by connecting a hydraulic power mechanism and a rock breaking pulling mechanism through an oil feeding pipeline 14 and an oil return pipeline 1.
The hydraulic power mechanism comprises a movable power vehicle 9 and a hydraulic oil tank 11 assembled on the power vehicle 9, wherein the hydraulic oil tank 11 is provided with a driving motor 10, a pressure gauge 12 and a controller 13 for controlling oil delivery of the hydraulic oil tank 11.
The drawing rock breaking mechanism comprises a hydraulic jack 1, a lifting vertical rod 2, a base plate 4, a cross beam 5, a drawing rod 6 and an anchoring rod 8; the hydraulic jack 1 is positioned on the backing plate 4, the backing plate 4 is placed on the rock surface of the rock body 21, the lower part of the vertical jacking rod 2 is connected with the upper end of the hydraulic jack 1, and two ends of the cross beam 5 are fixedly connected with the upper end of the vertical jacking rod 2 through the clamping pins 3; the upper part of the drawing rod 6 is connected with the cross beam 5 through a bayonet 3, and the lower part of the drawing rod 6 is connected with an anchoring rod 8 which is arranged in a drawing hole 17 in a rock body 21 according to the designed hole pitch and row pitch through a clamp 7; the anchoring rods 8 are made of deformed steel bars or a plurality of bundles of steel stranded wires, the diameter of each anchoring rod 8 is 18-100 mm, the length of each anchoring rod 8 is 0.6-1.5 m, and the distance between every two anchoring rods 8 is 0.6-1.5 m; the anchoring rod 8 and the drawing hole 17 are tightly connected with a rock mass 21 around the drawing hole 17 by adopting an anchoring agent 18. The anchoring rod 8 positioned in the drawing hole 17 can be one section, two sections or multiple sections, two sections of anchoring rods 8 are distributed in the drawing hole 17 of fig. 2 and 3, and the ends between the two adjacent sections are buried in a staggered mode.
One end of the oil feeding pipeline 14 and one end of the oil return pipeline 15 are respectively connected with an oil inlet and an oil return port of the hydraulic ram 1, and the other end of the oil feeding pipeline and the other end of the oil return pipeline are respectively connected with an oil outlet valve and an oil return valve of the hydraulic oil tank 11.
The specific operation steps are as follows:
the mechanical rock breaking method comprises the following steps:
1) drilling limiting holes 16 and drawing holes 17 in a rock body 21 according to design hole spacing and row spacing parameters, wherein the limiting holes 16 are positioned on the periphery of a rectangular surface formed by the drawing holes 17; anchoring the anchoring rod 8 in the drawing hole 17 in sections by adopting an anchoring agent 18, so that the anchoring rod 8 is tightly connected with a rock mass 21 around the drawing hole 17; the layout parameters of the drawing holes 17 are as follows: the hole diameter is 40-150 mm, the distance is 0.6-1.5 m, the drilling length is adjustable within the range of 1-15 m according to production requirements, and the number of drawing holes 17 in each row is generally 2; the aperture of the limiting hole 16 is 20-50 mm smaller than that of the drawing hole 17, the spacing between the limiting holes 16 is 1/3-1/2 of that of the drawing hole 17, and the depth of the limiting hole 16 is the same as that of the drawing hole 17.
The anchoring agent 18 is made of degradable resin or other environment-friendly materials, and can rapidly reach the set anchoring force within 5-10 minutes.
2) After the anchoring rod 8 reaches the designed anchoring force, the upper end of the anchoring rod 8 is connected and fixed with the lower part of the drawing rod 6 by adopting the clamp 7, and then is connected with the cross beam 5 through the drawing rod 6;
3) cleaning loose crushed stones on the ground surface at the position where the hydraulic ram 1 is installed, and treating the crushed stones to stable bedrock; placing a base plate 4 on a rock surface, then placing a hydraulic ram 1, connecting and fixing a jacking vertical rod 2, and firmly connecting the jacking vertical rod with a cross beam 5 through a clamping pin 3;
4) then one end of the oil feeding pipeline 14 and one end of the oil return pipeline 15 are respectively connected with an oil inlet and an oil return port of the hydraulic ram 1, and the other end of the oil feeding pipeline and the oil return pipeline are respectively connected with an oil outlet valve and an oil return valve of the hydraulic oil tank 11;
5) the power vehicle 9 is adopted to start the driving motor 10, and the manipulator 13 is operated to convey hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil tank 11 to an oil cylinder of the hydraulic jack 1 through an oil conveying pipeline 14;
6) the hydraulic jack 1 is driven by hydraulic pressure to be lifted slowly to drive the jacking vertical rod 2 and the cross beam 5 to ascend gradually;
7) the pulling rod 6 and the clamp 7 are slowly lifted along with the beam 5, and then the anchoring rod 8 is driven to pull and crack the rock mass 21 in the first-time pulling and cracking area 19 at the upper part to form a broken rock mass;
8) after the rock blocks crushed in the first fracturing area 19 are cleaned by mechanical loading equipment, performing rock crushing on a second fracturing area 20 positioned at the lower part of the first fracturing area 19 in the same way, and so on;
9) after the rock mass 21 in the area of the drawing hole 17 is completely crushed, the power vehicle 9 is adopted to transport the equipment to other areas for rock breaking work.
The drawing hole 17 of the method of the invention is anchored once in full length, and adopts a multi-drawing mechanical rock breaking mode of 'drilling once and breaking rock by sections'; the rock mass 21 between the adjacent drawing holes 17 and between the drawing holes 17 and the limiting holes 16 are all subjected to tensile stress to form tensile rock breaking areas; the rock mass between the adjacent limiting holes 16 is subjected to shear stress to form a through shear surface which is separated from the surrounding non-tension-shear area; and drawing 1-5 rows of drilled holes each time according to the characteristics of the rock body 21 and the jacking capacity of the hydraulic jack 1.
The characteristic of compression resistance and tensile resistance of the rock mass is fully utilized, static environment-friendly mechanical rock breaking with drilling and blasting prevention is realized, excessive crushing and high block rate of rock blocks are avoided, the requirement of the rock block size of an engineering project is met, the mechanical shoveling and transporting efficiency is improved, and the shoveling and transporting operation cost is reduced; meanwhile, the problems of low utilization rate of explosive blasting rock breaking energy, large environmental pollution and serious secondary disaster are thoroughly solved, and remarkable economic benefit and environmental benefit are obtained. The invention can be widely applied to the fields of mines, tunnels, traffic roads, slopes, foundation pit excavation and the like.
Claims (7)
1. A novel method for mechanical rock breaking based on tensile and shear stress is characterized in that:
the adopted rock breaking equipment system is formed by connecting a hydraulic power mechanism and a drawing rock breaking mechanism through an oil feeding pipeline (14) and an oil return pipeline (15); the hydraulic power mechanism comprises a movable power car (9) and a hydraulic oil tank (11) assembled on the power car (9), wherein the hydraulic oil tank (11) is provided with a driving motor (10), a pressure gauge (12) and a controller (13) for controlling oil delivery of the hydraulic oil tank (11); the drawing rock breaking mechanism comprises a hydraulic jack (1), a jacking vertical rod (2), a base plate (4), a cross beam (5), a drawing rod (6) and an anchoring rod (8), wherein the hydraulic jack (1) is positioned on the base plate (4), the lower part of the jacking vertical rod (2) is connected with the upper end of the hydraulic jack (1), two ends of the cross beam (5) are fixedly connected with the upper end of the jacking vertical rod (2) through clamping pins (3), the upper part of the drawing rod (6) is connected with the cross beam (5) through the clamping pins (3), and the lower part of the drawing rod (6) is connected with the anchoring rod (8) arranged in a drawing hole (17) in a rock mass (21) according to a designed hole pitch and a row pitch through a clamp (7); one end of the oil delivery pipeline (14) is connected with an oil inlet of the hydraulic ram (1), and the other end of the oil delivery pipeline (14) is connected with an oil outlet valve of the hydraulic oil tank (11); one end of the oil return pipeline (15) is connected with an oil return port of the hydraulic jack (1), and the other end of the oil return pipeline is connected with an oil return valve of the hydraulic oil tank (11);
the mechanical rock breaking method comprises the following steps:
1) drilling a limiting hole (16) and a drawing hole (17) in a rock body (21) according to design pitch and row spacing parameters, wherein the limiting hole (16) is positioned on the periphery of a rectangular surface formed by the drawing hole (17); anchoring the anchoring rod (8) in the drawing hole (17) in sections by adopting an anchoring agent (18), so that the anchoring rod (8) is tightly connected with a rock body (21) around the drawing hole (17);
2) after the anchoring rod (8) reaches the designed anchoring force, the upper end of the anchoring rod (8) is connected and fixed with the lower part of the drawing rod (6) by adopting a clamp (7), and then is connected with the cross beam (5) through the drawing rod (6);
3) cleaning loose crushed stones on the ground surface at the position where the hydraulic ram (1) is arranged, and treating the loose crushed stones to stable bedrock; the base plate (4) is placed on the rock surface, then the hydraulic ram (1) is placed, the vertical jacking rod (2) is connected and fixed, and the base plate is firmly connected with the cross beam (5) through the clamping pin (3);
4) then one end of the oil feeding pipeline (14) and one end of the oil return pipeline (15) are respectively connected with an oil inlet and an oil return port of the hydraulic ram (1), and the other end of the oil feeding pipeline and the oil return pipeline are respectively connected with an oil outlet valve and an oil return valve of the hydraulic oil tank (11);
5) a power vehicle (9) is adopted to start a driving motor (10), and a controller (13) is operated to convey hydraulic oil in a hydraulic oil tank (11) to an oil cylinder of a hydraulic ram (1) through an oil conveying pipeline (14);
6) the hydraulic jack (1) is driven by hydraulic pressure to be lifted slowly to drive the jacking vertical rod (2) and the cross beam (5) to ascend gradually;
7) the pulling rod (6) and the clamp (7) are slowly lifted along with the beam (5), and then the anchoring rod (8) is driven to pull and crack the rock body (21) of the first-time pulling and cracking area (19) on the upper part to form a broken rock mass;
8) after the broken rock blocks in the first fracturing area (19) are cleaned by mechanical loading equipment, performing rock breaking work on a second fracturing area (20) positioned at the lower part of the first fracturing area (19) in the same way, and so on;
9) after the rock mass (21) in the area of the drawing hole (17) is completely crushed, the equipment is transported to other areas by a power vehicle (9) to carry out rock crushing work.
2. A new method for mechanical rock breaking based on tensile-shear stress according to claim 1, characterized in that: the aperture of the drawing hole (17) is 40-150 mm, and the distance is 0.6-1.5 m; the depth of the drawing hole (17) can be adjusted within the range of 1-15 m according to production requirements.
3. A new method for mechanical rock breaking based on tensile-shear stress as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the anchoring rod (8) is made of deformed steel bar or a plurality of bundles of steel strands, the diameter of the anchoring rod (8) is 18-100 mm, and the length of the anchoring rod is 0.6-1.5 m.
4. A new method for mechanical rock breaking based on tensile-shear stress as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the aperture of the limiting hole (16) is 20-50 mm smaller than that of the drawing hole (17), the spacing between the limiting holes (16) is 1/3-1/2 of the spacing between the drawing holes (17), and the depth of the limiting hole (16) is the same as that of the drawing hole (17).
5. A new method for mechanical rock breaking based on tensile-shear stress according to claim 4, characterized in that: the anchoring agent (18) is degradable resin or other environment-friendly materials, and can rapidly reach the set anchoring force within 5-10 minutes.
6. A new method for mechanical rock breaking based on tensile-shear stress according to claim 5, characterized in that: the anchoring rods (8) arranged in the drawing holes (17) are in multiple sections, and the ends between the two adjacent sections are buried in a staggered mode.
7. A new method for mechanical rock breaking based on tensile-shear stress according to claim 6, characterized in that: the drawing hole (17) is anchored once in full length, and adopts a multi-drawing mechanical rock breaking mode of 'drilling once and breaking rock in sections'; rock masses (21) between adjacent drawing holes (17) and between the drawing holes (17) and the limiting holes (16) are subjected to tensile stress to form tensile rock breaking areas; the rock mass between the adjacent limiting holes (16) is subjected to shear stress to form a through shear surface which is separated from the surrounding non-tension-shear area; according to the characteristics of the rock body (21) and the jacking capacity of the hydraulic jack (1), 1-5 rows of drilled holes are drawn each time.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110399641.9A CN113090261B (en) | 2021-04-14 | 2021-04-14 | Novel method for mechanical rock breaking based on tensile and shear stress |
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| CN202110399641.9A CN113090261B (en) | 2021-04-14 | 2021-04-14 | Novel method for mechanical rock breaking based on tensile and shear stress |
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| CN113090261A CN113090261A (en) | 2021-07-09 |
| CN113090261B true CN113090261B (en) | 2022-03-15 |
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