CN113088178A - 一种高固含耐候阻燃型单组分聚氨酯防水涂料及其制备 - Google Patents

一种高固含耐候阻燃型单组分聚氨酯防水涂料及其制备 Download PDF

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CN113088178A
CN113088178A CN202110381737.2A CN202110381737A CN113088178A CN 113088178 A CN113088178 A CN 113088178A CN 202110381737 A CN202110381737 A CN 202110381737A CN 113088178 A CN113088178 A CN 113088178A
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夏亮亮
刘勇
王用才
刘亚妮
王建红
唐先成
郭伟
唐瑞甫
曹金辉
杜超青
王佳
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Sichuan Weidun New Material Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种高固含耐候阻燃型单组分聚氨酯防水涂料及其制备方法，该涂料以质量份计算，包含以下组分：聚醚多元醇25～40份，增塑剂5～10份，阻燃剂3～10份，颜填料30～40份，分散剂0.1～0.5份，脂肪族异氰酸酯5～10份，高性能助剂0.5～2.0份，催化剂0.1～0.5份，潜伏固化剂0.5～2.0份，环保溶剂0～5份。本发明的单组分聚氨酯防水涂料具有优异的耐候、耐紫外线性能，解决了聚氨酯防水涂料不能外露施工的难题，无需上覆保护层，大大节约施工成本。同时，该涂料固化后的涂膜具有阻燃性，提高了建筑物的消防安全度。此外，该涂料固含量超过95％，低VOC，安全环保，单次施工涂布率大，施工效率更高，在未来房屋建筑及修缮领域具有较大的市场竞争力。

Description

一种高固含耐候阻燃型单组分聚氨酯防水涂料及其制备
技术领域
本发明涉及防水涂料技术领域，涉及一种单组分聚氨酯防水涂料，具体涉及一种高固含耐候阻燃型单组分聚氨酯防水涂料及其制备方法。
背景技术
单组分聚氨酯防水涂料一般由含有-NCO端基的预聚体、填料、染料、其它助剂组成，适于在潮湿环境中施工。它可与空气中的H2O反应，进一步交联固化形成高弹性、坚固耐用的无接缝防水涂膜。
普通的芳香族聚氨酯防水涂料一般进行非外暴露施工，涂层上必须覆盖一层保护层，这就限制了普通芳香族聚氨酯类防水涂料的应用范围。影响芳香族聚氨酯防水涂料外暴露性能的主要因素是紫外线光降解破坏和氧气/臭氧热氧化破坏。
聚氨酯材料受光照射所引起的老化降解过程称为聚氨酯的光老化降解。聚氨酯材料的吸收波长一般在290～400nm之间，吸收一定波长的光后，聚氨酯材料中分子链断裂，最终导致产品的物理性能被破坏。以芳香族聚氨酯材料为例，当聚氨酯吸收波长大于340nm的光线后，异氰酸酯中的亚甲基发生氧化，生成不稳定的氢过氧化物，进而生成发色基团醌-酰亚胺结构，该结构导致聚氨酯材料变黄；材料进一步氧化后，生成二醌-酰亚胺结构，颜色继续加深，最后变为琥珀色。因热引发氧化而产生的降解称为热氧化降解，通常PPG聚醚型聚氨酯材料的热氧化稳定性较差，其热氧化降解过程是通过自由基反应进行的：聚醚型PU中醚键的α碳上激发出一个H原子后生成的仲碳自由基，与氧结合成过氧化物自由基，然后形成氢过氧化物，该氢过氧化物分解成氧化物自由基和羟基自由基，氧化物自由基可进一步分解成烷基自由基和烷氧基自由基2种，最终分子链发生降解。保护层的涂敷降低了施工效率，增加了施工成本。
从消防安全角度考虑，外露型涂料涂抹必须满足一定的阻燃性能，提高建筑物使用安全性，而聚氨酯防水涂料涂膜一般不具备此功能。
目前，标准JC/T 2253-2014“脂肪族聚氨酯耐候防水涂料”要求，耐候性聚氨酯防水涂料固含量大于60％即可。随着建筑行业对涂料环保要求逐渐提高，高固含、低VOC的聚氨酯防水涂料也成为发展趋势。高固含聚氨酯防水涂料单次施工涂布率大，施工效率更高，大大节约施工成本。
发明内容
鉴于聚氨酯防水涂料涂膜不能外露使用的缺陷，本申请人经过一系列研究工作，发明了一种高固含耐候阻燃型单组分聚氨酯防水涂料，在合适的温度下，利用特定的脂肪族异氰酸酯与低聚物多元醇反应，制备低粘度、高固含量的耐候型单组分聚氨酯涂料，既可减少涂料VOC排放，也可进行喷涂施工，提高工作效率，且在聚氨酯涂料体系中引入阻燃剂；同时，针对单组分聚氨酯涂料固化过程中产生化学反应气泡的缺点，本发明添加适量的潜伏固化剂，在湿固化过程中，可避免或减少化学反应气泡的产生，防止涂膜缺陷，提高涂膜干燥速度；最后，本发明涉及的涂料固含量超过95％，安全环保，施工效率同步提高。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种单组分聚氨酯防水涂料，其特征在于，所述单组分聚氨酯防水涂料为高固含耐候阻燃型防水涂料，按重量份计包含以下组分：
聚醚多元醇25～40份，增塑剂5～10份，阻燃剂3～10份，颜填料30～40份，分散剂0.1～0.5份，脂肪族异氰酸酯5～10份，高性能助剂0.5～2.0份，催化剂0.1～0.5份，潜伏固化剂0.5～2.0份，环保溶剂0～5份；所述高性能助剂包括有机硅消泡剂、丙烯酸酯流平剂、抗氧剂、耐黄变剂。
作为本技术方案的进一步优选的：所述聚醚多元醇的分子量2000～5000g/mol，羟值20～100mgKOH/g。
作为本技术方案的进一步优选的：聚醚多元醇包括聚四氢呋喃醚二元醇、PPG聚醚二元醇、PPG聚醚三元醇中的一种或多种。
作为本技术方案的进一步优选的：所述脂肪族异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、HDI三聚体多异氰酸酯、三甲基-1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(TMDI/TMHDI)中的一种或两种。
所述异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、三甲基-1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(TMDI/TMHDI)均为低粘度的脂肪族二异氰酸酯。
本发明利用特定的脂肪族异氰酸酯与低聚物聚醚多元醇反应，制备出高固含量、低粘度的耐候阻燃型单组分聚氨酯防水涂料，涂料不仅VOC值低，且可以进行喷涂施工，环保且具有高的施工效率。
作为本技术方案的进一步优选的：所述增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯、己二酸二辛脂、对苯二甲酸二辛酯、乙酰基柠檬酸三丁酯、52#氯化石蜡中的一种或多种。
作为本技术方案的进一步优选的：所述颜填料包括填料和燃料，其中：填料粒径范围800目～4000目，为轻质碳酸钙、滑石粉、绢云母粉、硅灰石粉、沉淀硫酸钡的一种或多种；颜料为金红石型钛白粉与炭黑、铁红的一种。
作为本技术方案的进一步优选的：所述阻燃剂为反应型的含磷或含卤多元醇类有机阻燃剂、非反应型的含磷或含卤类有机阻燃剂以及无机阻燃剂中的两种。
所述反应型的含磷或含卤多元醇类有机阻燃剂为N,N-二(2-羟乙基)氨基亚甲基膦酸二乙酯、四溴邻苯二甲酸酯二醇或二溴新戊二醇；非反应型的含磷或含卤类有机阻燃剂包括三(2-氯丙基)磷酸酯、三(二氯丙基)磷酸酯或四(2-氯乙基)二亚乙基醚二磷酸酯；无机阻燃剂为氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁或三氧化二锑。
作为本技术方案的进一步优选的：其特征在于，所述催化剂为下述一种或两种：有机金属类催化剂：辛酸亚锡、二月桂基二丁基锡、环烷酸锌、环烷酸铋；叔胺类催化剂：双吗啉基二乙基醚、三乙烯二胺。
作为本技术方案的进一步优选的：所述潜伏固化剂为噁唑烷类或醛亚胺类潜伏固化剂中的一种。
醛亚胺类潜伏固化剂LCA-26；噁唑烷类潜伏固化剂ALT-402。针对单组分聚氨酯涂料固化过程中产生化学反应气泡的缺点，本发明添加适量的潜伏固化剂，在湿固化过程中，可避免或减少化学反应气泡的产生，防止涂膜缺陷，提高涂膜干燥速度。
作为本技术方案的进一步优选的：所述环保溶剂是乙氧乙基乙酸酯、异亚丙基丙酮、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、100#溶剂油、150#溶剂油中的一种或多种。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种单组分聚氨酯防水涂料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
A1：将聚醚多元醇、增塑剂、阻燃剂、分散剂、有机硅消泡剂投入反应器中进行搅拌，搅拌均匀后加入颜填料，进行真空脱水，脱水温度范围110℃～120℃，真空度低于-0.09MPa，脱水时间2～4小时；
A2：脱水完毕，关闭真空泵并降温到85℃～90℃时，加入异氰酸酯，反应2～3小时；
A3：降温至温度70℃～75℃，加入催化剂、丙烯酸酯流平剂及部分环保溶剂，继续反应搅拌0.5～1小时；
A4：维持温度70℃～75℃，加入潜伏固化剂、抗氧剂、耐黄变剂和剩余的环保溶剂，继续搅拌0.5～1小时；
A5：打开真空泵，真空度低于-0.08MPa，进行真空脱泡0.5小时，关闭真空泵，反应结束，充氮气保护出料。
所述单组分聚氨酯防水涂料固含量大于95％。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明的产品，可进行外露施工，固含量超过95％，涂膜具有一定的阻燃性，且涂膜不易产生化学气泡，膜面无气孔等缺陷，既解决了普通芳香族聚氨酯防水涂料耐候性差的问题，同时，施工效率大大提高，也保障了施工质量和建筑物的消防安全。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
所述单组分聚氨酯防水涂料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
A1：将聚醚多元醇、增塑剂、阻燃剂、分散剂、有机硅消泡剂投入反应器中进行搅拌，搅拌均匀后加入颜填料，进行真空脱水，脱水温度范围110℃～120℃，真空度低于-0.09MPa，脱水时间2～4小时；
A2：脱水完毕，关闭真空泵并降温到85℃～90℃时，加入脂肪族异氰酸酯，反应2～3小时；
A3：降温至温度70℃～75℃，加入催化剂、丙烯酸酯流平剂及1/2的环保溶剂，继续反应搅拌0.5～1小时；
A4：维持温度70℃～75℃，加入潜伏固化剂、抗氧剂、耐黄变剂和剩余的1/2环保溶剂，继续搅拌0.5～1小时；
A5：打开真空泵，真空度低于-0.08MPa，进行真空脱泡0.5小时，关闭真空泵，反应结束，充氮气保护出料，获得涂料1～4。
具体的，所述环保溶剂是乙氧乙基乙酸酯、异亚丙基丙酮、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、100#溶剂油、150#溶剂油中的一种或多种。
其中，涂料1～4以及对比涂料1～2的配方组分含量，按重量份计，见下表：
Figure BDA0003013270390000061
Figure BDA0003013270390000071
实施例2
性能测试，检测标准参考JC/T 2253-2014、GB/T 19250-2013的要求，结果见下表：
Figure BDA0003013270390000072
Figure BDA0003013270390000081
由上表可知，本发明提供的高固含耐候阻燃型单组分聚氨酯防水涂料固体含量高，超过95％，VOC低，环保，表干时间和实干时间均有所缩短，一次涂布率更高，提高了施工效率。涂膜的力学性能优异，与对比涂料1比较，其荧光紫外线老化性能在远超标准处理时间后仍能够达到标准要求；同时，本发明的涂料涂膜燃烧性能达到B2-E级，比对比涂料2的普通聚氨酯涂料涂膜具有更优的阻燃性能。因此，本发明的高固含耐候阻燃型单组分聚氨酯防水涂料具有优异耐候、环保、阻燃性能。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (10)

1.一种单组分聚氨酯防水涂料，其特征在于，所述单组分聚氨酯防水涂料为高固含耐候阻燃型防水涂料，按重量份计包含以下组分：聚醚多元醇25～40份，脂肪族异氰酸酯5～10份，阻燃剂3～10份，催化剂0.1～0.5份，增塑剂5～10份，颜填料30～40份，分散剂0.1～0.5份，高性能助剂0.5～2.0份，潜伏固化剂0.5～2.0份，环保溶剂0～5份，所述高性能助剂包括有机硅消泡剂、丙烯酸酯流平剂、抗氧剂、耐黄变剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述单组分聚氨酯防水涂料，其特征在于，所述聚醚多元醇的分子量2000～5000g/mol，羟值20～100mgKOH/g。
3.根据权利要求1所述单组分聚氨酯防水涂料，其特征在于，所述聚醚多元醇为聚四氢呋喃醚二元醇(PTMEG)、PPG聚醚二元醇、PPG聚醚三元醇中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述单组分聚氨酯防水涂料，其特征在于，所述脂肪族异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、HDI三聚体多异氰酸酯、三甲基-1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(TMDI/TMHDI)中的一种或两种。
5.根据权利要求1所述单组分聚氨酯防水涂料，其特征在于，所述阻燃剂为反应型的含磷或含卤多元醇类有机阻燃剂、非反应型的含磷或含卤类有机阻燃剂以及无机阻燃剂中的两种。
6.根据权利要求1所述单组分聚氨酯防水涂料，其特征在于，所述催化剂为下述一种或两种：有机金属类催化剂：辛酸亚锡、二月桂基二丁基锡、环烷酸锌、环烷酸铋；叔胺类催化剂：双吗啉基二乙基醚、三乙烯二胺。
7.根据权利要求1所述单组分聚氨酯防水涂料，其特征在于，所述增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯、己二酸二辛脂、对苯二甲酸二辛酯、乙酰基柠檬酸三丁酯、52#氯化石蜡中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求1所述单组分聚氨酯防水涂料，其特征在于，所述颜填料包括填料和燃料，其中：填料为轻质碳酸钙、滑石粉、绢云母粉、硅灰石粉、沉淀硫酸钡的一种或多种；颜料为金红石型钛白粉与炭黑、铁红的一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述单组分聚氨酯防水涂料，其特征在于，所述潜伏固化剂为噁唑烷类或醛亚胺类潜伏固化剂中的一种。
10.一种根据权利要求1所述单组分聚氨酯防水涂料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
A1：将聚醚多元醇、增塑剂、阻燃剂、分散剂、有机硅消泡剂投入反应器中进行搅拌，搅拌均匀后加入颜填料，进行真空脱水，脱水温度范围110℃～120℃，真空度低于-0.09MPa，脱水时间2～4小时；
A2：脱水完毕，关闭真空泵并降温到85℃～90℃时，加入脂肪族异氰酸酯，反应2～3小时；
A3：降温至温度70℃～75℃，加入催化剂、丙烯酸酯流平剂及部分环保溶剂，继续反应搅拌0.5～1小时；
A4：维持温度70℃～75℃，加入潜伏固化剂、抗氧剂、耐黄变剂和剩余的环保溶剂，继续搅拌0.5～1小时；
A5：打开真空泵，真空度低于-0.08MPa，进行真空脱泡0.5小时，关闭真空泵，反应结束，充氮气保护出料。
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Application publication date: 20210709