CN113081260A - Autologous bone block trimming process and application thereof in tooth implantation - Google Patents
Autologous bone block trimming process and application thereof in tooth implantation Download PDFInfo
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- CN113081260A CN113081260A CN202110417123.5A CN202110417123A CN113081260A CN 113081260 A CN113081260 A CN 113081260A CN 202110417123 A CN202110417123 A CN 202110417123A CN 113081260 A CN113081260 A CN 113081260A
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- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 226
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000001847 jaw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000004373 mandible Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004977 neurovascular bundle Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002050 maxilla Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007408 cone-beam computed tomography Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000399 orthopedic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 208000008312 Tooth Loss Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000024216 Periapical disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003416 augmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011164 ossification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003254 palate Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000028169 periodontal disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/10—Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/17—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires
- A61B17/1732—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires for bone breaking devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/17—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires
- A61B17/1739—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires specially adapted for particular parts of the body
- A61B17/176—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires specially adapted for particular parts of the body for the jaw
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/17—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires
- A61B17/1703—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires using imaging means, e.g. by X-rays
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/10—Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
- A61B2034/101—Computer-aided simulation of surgical operations
- A61B2034/105—Modelling of the patient, e.g. for ligaments or bones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/10—Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
- A61B2034/107—Visualisation of planned trajectories or target regions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/10—Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
- A61B2034/108—Computer aided selection or customisation of medical implants or cutting guides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
- A61B2034/2046—Tracking techniques
- A61B2034/2065—Tracking using image or pattern recognition
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an orthopedic plastic method, in particular to a self-body bone block trimming process and application thereof in dental implantation, comprising model establishment, reconstruction of a jaw model by using a medical image control system; designing a prosthesis, and designing the position and the shape of the ideal prosthesis on the affected part; adjusting and determining the position, selecting the optimal bone taking site, designing a bone taking guide plate and a trimming guide plate, cutting bone blocks in a bone supplying area, putting the bone blocks into the trimming guide plate for trimming the bone blocks, and putting the trimmed bone blocks into the final bone receiving part of a bone receiving area; fixing the trimmed bone block on the final bone receiving part, making periosteal incision, reducing tension, suturing, and closing the wound. The model can be established without being implemented on a patient, the matched prosthesis can be measured and designed, meanwhile, the optimal size and shape of the prosthesis can be accurately obtained, the establishment of the bone block model is guided according to the shape and size of the prosthesis, and the safe and optimal bone-taking site is selected according to the principle of performing minimum trimming on the taken bone block as required without damaging redundant healthy bones.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an orthopedic plastic method, in particular to a self-body bone block trimming process and application thereof in tooth implantation.
Background
Tooth loss, particularly tooth loss caused by tooth trauma, periodontal disease, periapical disease and the like is usually accompanied with a large amount of alveolar bone absorption of the intended implantation site, and sufficient bone mass is very important for the implantation position and long-term stability of the implant, so that bone augmentation surgery is often required before implantation repair treatment due to insufficient bone mass of the intended implantation site.
Autologous bone is considered the gold standard for bone graft, the bone-supplying regions of autologous bone include intraoral and extraoral supply regions, the most commonly used bone-taking regions are intraoral mandibular ramus and chin, and autologous bone block grafting is an effective means for reconstruction of severe bone defects. The implanted bone block needs to be in a size and shape suitable for the bone block needed by the bone receiving area and well fit with the bone surface of the bone receiving area, and the difficulty of obtaining the bone block with the suitable size in the bone supplying area and finishing the removed bone block is the autologous massive bone transplantation. The bone mass for the bone area to be taken off is too large, which can cause unnecessary trauma, and the bone formation effect can be influenced if the bone mass is not enough to be taken off. Often, reference is lacked in the trimming of bone blocks in the operation, and the trimming efficiency and the trimming effect of the bone blocks are poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a self-body bone block trimming process and application thereof in tooth implantation so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an autologous bone block trimming process, comprising the following steps:
step one, establishing a model, namely importing preoperative oral CBCT (cone beam CT) data into a medical image control system, and reconstructing a jaw bone model;
designing a prosthesis, namely designing the position and the shape of an ideal prosthesis of an affected part according to the position and the shape of the adjacent teeth of the affected part and the jaw teeth, and designing the size and the position of an implant according to the designed position and the designed shape of the ideal prosthesis;
designing a bone block model, namely designing the size and the shape of the bone block as the bone block model according to the bone mass requirement around the implant and the aesthetic shape of the bone contour around the affected part;
step four, position adjustment and determination, namely placing the designed bone block model in a bone supplying area in a simulation system, adjusting the position of the bone block model, and selecting an optimal bone taking site to avoid the tooth roots and the neurovascular bundles of the peripheral adjacent teeth by at least 2 mm;
wherein, a plurality of the selected optimal bone-taking sites are selected, and one of the optimal bone-taking sites is selected as a final bone-taking site;
designing a bone taking guide plate and a trimming guide plate, designing the bone taking guide plate according to the cross section of a bone block model at the final bone taking part, cutting bones according to the designed bone taking guide plate and the simulation of the bone block model, and designing the trimming guide plate by combining the shape of the bone block required by a bone receiving area;
step six, the designed bone taking guide plate and the trimming guide plate are manufactured by 3D printing, bone blocks in a bone supplying area are cut out and placed into the trimming guide plate, the bone blocks are trimmed according to the shape of the trimming guide plate, and the trimmed bone blocks are placed in a final bone receiving part of a bone receiving area;
and step seven, fixing the bone blocks trimmed in the step six on the final bone receiving part, making periosteal incisions, performing tension reducing suture and closing the wounds.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the fourth step, when the optimal bone taking site is selected, the bone block model is moved to the position of the jaw bone with the focus of bone taking safety;
the optimal bone-taking site is selected to be determined according to the shape or the bone mass of a required bone block, and the commonly used bone-taking sites comprise an external oblique line of a mandible and mandible ascending and branching, a mandible chin, a maxilla nodule and the like.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the fourth step, when the final bone taking part is selected, the designed bone blocks to be implanted can be divided into a plurality of parts, the bone blocks required by each part are respectively moved into the positions of the bone-taking parts of the jaw bone in the simulation system, the positions of the bone blocks of each part are adjusted, and the position where the bone blocks which need to be taken out are minimally trimmed is selected as the final bone taking part.
As a still further scheme of the invention: and seventhly, fixing the bone blocks at the final bone receiving position by 1-2 self-tapping screws respectively for each trimmed bone block.
The application of the autologous bone block trimming process to dental implantation comprises the steps of the embodiment, wherein the bone-taking guide plate is designed to design four bone-cutting planes according to a bone block model at a final bone-taking part, and the bone-taking guide plate is designed according to the bone-cutting planes;
the trimming guide plate is designed by simulating the osteotomy according to four osteotomy planes in a simulation system and designing the trimming guide plate for the osteotomy bone block according to the designed shape of the bone block to be implanted.
As a further scheme of the invention: the middle part of the trimming guide plate can be provided with a plurality of osteotomy grooves, the cut bone blocks are divided into a plurality of parts according to the osteotomy grooves on the trimming guide plate, and the edges of the cut bone blocks are ground according to the edges of the trimming guide plate.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the trimmed bone blocks can be divided into a plurality of parts by utilizing a plurality of bone cutting grooves of the trimming guide plate, each part of bone blocks is respectively placed in a bone receiving area of a focus according to design, and each bone block is respectively fixed at the focus through 1-2 self-tapping screws.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the model can be established without being implemented on a patient, the matched prosthesis can be measured and designed according to the actual bone defect affected area, the optimal size and shape of the prosthesis can be accurately obtained, the establishment of the bone block model is guided according to the shape and size of the prosthesis, the safe and optimal bone taking site is selected according to the principle of minimum trimming of the taken bone block, redundant healthy bones are not damaged, the bone taking guide plate is matched with the trimming guide plate to guide the trimming of the bone block, the self-implantation of the bone is realized, and the stability is greatly improved through the screw fixation.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, the autologous bone block trimming process comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a model, namely importing preoperative oral CBCT (cone beam CT) data into a medical image control system to reconstruct a jaw bone model, wherein the medical image control system can be an MIM ICS system;
designing a prosthesis, namely designing the position and the shape of an ideal prosthesis of an affected part according to the position and the shape of the adjacent teeth of the affected part and the jaw teeth, and designing the size and the position of an implant according to the designed position and the designed shape of the ideal prosthesis;
designing a bone block model, namely designing the size and the shape of the bone block as the bone block model according to the bone mass requirement around the implant and the aesthetic shape of the bone contour around the affected part;
step four, position adjustment and determination, namely placing the designed bone block model in a bone supplying area in a simulation system, adjusting the position of the bone block model, and selecting an optimal bone taking site to avoid the tooth roots and the neurovascular bundles of the peripheral adjacent teeth by at least 2 mm;
wherein, a plurality of the selected optimal bone-taking sites are selected, and one of the optimal bone-taking sites is selected as a final bone-taking site;
designing a bone taking guide plate and a trimming guide plate, designing the bone taking guide plate according to the cross section of a bone block model at the final bone taking part, cutting bones according to the designed bone taking guide plate and the simulation of the bone block model, and designing the trimming guide plate by combining the shape of the bone block required by a bone receiving area;
step six, the designed bone taking guide plate and the trimming guide plate are manufactured by 3D printing, bone blocks in a bone supplying area are cut out and placed into the trimming guide plate, the bone blocks are trimmed according to the shape of the trimming guide plate, and the trimmed bone blocks are placed in a final bone receiving part of a bone receiving area;
and step seven, fixing the bone blocks trimmed in the step six on the final bone receiving part, making periosteal incisions, performing tension reducing suture and closing the wounds.
In the embodiment of the invention, the model is established without being implemented on a patient, the matched prosthesis can be measured and designed according to the actual wound, the optimal size and shape of the prosthesis can be accurately obtained, the building of the bone block model is guided according to the shape and size of the prosthesis, the safe and optimal bone taking site is selected according to the principle of minimum trimming of the taken bone block, the redundant healthy bones are not damaged, the bone taking guide plate is matched with the trimming guide plate to guide the trimming of the bone block, the self-implantation of the bone is realized, and the stability is greatly improved through the screw fixation.
As an embodiment of the present invention, in the fourth step, when an optimal bone-taking site is selected, the bone block model is moved to a region where focus jaw bone can safely take bone, wherein the bone-taking site in the mouth includes a lower jaw ascending external oblique line, a chin part, an upper jaw nodule, a palate part and other parts;
the optimal bone-taking site is selected to be determined according to the shape or the bone mass of the required bone block.
In the embodiment of the invention, the bone block is taken out in a safe range with minimum adjustment and change by comparing different placing modes, and excessive surrounding healthy bones are not damaged.
In the fourth step, when the final bone-taking part is selected, the bone pieces to be implanted may be divided into several parts, the bone pieces required for each part are moved into the jawbone bone-taking positions in the simulation system, the positions of the bone pieces of each part are adjusted, and the part where the least trimming is performed on the bone pieces is selected as the final bone-taking part.
In the embodiment of the invention, because the positions of the two parts of the implant are multiple, the position with the least trimming amount is selected, so that the pain of a patient can be reduced to the maximum extent, and the operation risk is also reduced.
In step seven, the bone pieces after trimming are fixed at the final bone receiving position by 1-2 self-tapping screws respectively.
In the embodiment of the invention, the self-tapping screw is used for fixing the bone block, so that the operation time is reduced to the maximum extent, the pain time of a patient is reduced, the stability of screw fixation is better, and the implanted bone block can be ensured not to loosen in a body for a long time.
The invention also provides an application of the autologous bone block trimming process in dental implantation, which comprises the steps of the embodiment, wherein the bone taking guide plate is designed by designing four bone cutting planes according to a bone block model at a final bone taking part and designing the bone taking guide plate according to the bone cutting planes;
the trimming guide plate is designed by simulating the osteotomy according to four osteotomy planes in a simulation system and designing the trimming guide plate for the osteotomy bone block according to the designed shape of the bone block to be implanted.
In the embodiment of the invention, the bone taking guide plate is formed according to four sections of the bone block model at the final bone taking position, so that the difference between the shape and the size of the bone block to be taken and the expected shape and the size is small, and the uncertain operation risk caused by too many errors in the bone taking process is prevented.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the middle of the trimming guide may be formed with a plurality of osteotomy grooves, the cut bone pieces may be divided into a plurality of parts according to the osteotomy grooves of the trimming guide, and the edges of the cut bone pieces may be ground according to the edges of the trimming guide.
In the embodiment of the invention, the cut bone blocks are ground according to the trimming guide plate, so that the bone blocks can be matched with the designed bone block model as much as possible, the shaping of the implant has a reference standard, the guiding significance is great, and the problem of repeated planting and trimming is avoided.
As an embodiment of the invention, the trimmed bone blocks can be divided into a plurality of parts by a plurality of osteotomy grooves of the trimming guide plate, each part of the bone blocks is respectively placed in a bone receiving area at a focus according to design, and each bone block is respectively fixed at the focus by 1-2 self-tapping screws.
In the embodiment of the invention, the bone blocks are quickly and stably installed and fixed through the self-tapping screws.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. An autologous bone block trimming process, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, establishing a model, namely importing preoperative oral CBCT data into a medical image control system, and reconstructing a jaw bone model;
designing a prosthesis, namely designing the position and the shape of an ideal prosthesis of an affected part according to the position and the shape of the adjacent teeth of the affected part and the jaw teeth, and designing the size and the position of an implant according to the designed position and the designed shape of the ideal prosthesis;
designing a bone block model, namely designing the size and the shape of the bone block as the bone block model according to the bone mass requirement around the implant and the aesthetic shape of the bone contour around the affected part;
step four, position adjustment and determination, namely placing the designed bone block model in a bone supplying area in a simulation system, adjusting the position of the bone block model, and selecting an optimal bone taking site to avoid the tooth roots and the neurovascular bundles of the peripheral adjacent teeth by at least 2 mm;
wherein, a plurality of the selected optimal bone-taking sites are selected, and one of the optimal bone-taking sites is selected as a final bone-taking site;
designing a bone taking guide plate and a trimming guide plate, designing the bone taking guide plate according to the cross section of a bone block model at the final bone taking part, cutting bones according to the designed bone taking guide plate and the simulation of the bone block model, and designing the trimming guide plate by combining the shape of the bone block required by a bone receiving area;
step six, the designed bone taking guide plate and the trimming guide plate are manufactured by 3D printing, bone blocks in a bone supplying area are cut out and placed into the trimming guide plate, the bone blocks are trimmed according to the shape of the trimming guide plate, and the trimmed bone blocks are placed in a final bone receiving part of a bone receiving area;
and step seven, fixing the bone blocks trimmed in the step six on the final bone receiving part, making periosteal incisions, performing tension reducing suture and closing the wounds.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, when the optimal bone-accessing site is selected, the bone-block model is moved to the area where the jaw bone can safely access the bone;
the optimal bone-taking site is selected to be determined according to the shape or the volume of a required bone block, and the commonly used bone-taking sites comprise an outer oblique line of a mandible lower jaw ascending branch, a mandible chin, a maxilla nodule and the like.
3. The process of claim 2, wherein in the fourth step, when the final bone-removing site is selected, the designed bone pieces to be implanted are divided into several parts, the bone pieces required for each part are moved into the bone-removing sites of the jaw bone in the simulation system, the positions of the bone pieces of each part are adjusted, and the site requiring the least modification of the bone pieces removed is selected as the final bone-removing site.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein in step seven, each bone block is fixed at the final bone receiving position by 1-2 self-tapping screws.
5. The application of the autologous bone mass trimming process in dental implantation, which comprises the autologous bone mass trimming process according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the bone-taking guide is designed by designing four osteotomy planes according to a bone mass model at a final bone-taking site, and designing the bone-taking guide according to the osteotomy planes;
the trimming guide plate is designed by simulating the osteotomy according to four osteotomy planes in a simulation system and designing the trimming guide plate for the osteotomy bone block according to the designed shape of the bone block to be implanted.
6. The use of an autogenous bone block finishing process in dental implantation as claimed in claim 5, wherein the middle of the finishing guide plate is formed with a plurality of osteotomy slots, the cut bone blocks are divided into a plurality of parts according to the osteotomy slots of the finishing guide plate, and the edges of the cut bone blocks are ground according to the edges of the finishing guide plate.
7. The use of an autologous bone mass preparation process for dental implantation according to claim 6, wherein the prepared bone mass is divided into several parts by using several bone cutting grooves of the preparation guide plate, each part of the bone mass is placed into the bone receiving area of the lesion according to the design, and each part of the bone mass is fixed on the lesion by 1-2 self-tapping screws.
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