CN113068475A - Seedling raising method for shortening hazelnut cross breeding period - Google Patents
Seedling raising method for shortening hazelnut cross breeding period Download PDFInfo
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- CN113068475A CN113068475A CN202110245279.XA CN202110245279A CN113068475A CN 113068475 A CN113068475 A CN 113068475A CN 202110245279 A CN202110245279 A CN 202110245279A CN 113068475 A CN113068475 A CN 113068475A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling raising method for shortening hazelnut hybridization breeding period, which comprises the steps of soaking shelled hazelnut seeds in gibberellin, sowing the soaked shelled hazelnut seeds in a seedling raising pot filled with mixed matrix, placing the seedling raising pot in a sunlight greenhouse within 90 days after sowing, keeping indoor temperature at 25-35 ℃, spraying water for 7min every day, spraying potassium nitrate water-soluble fertilizer with mass concentration of 0.2% every 5 days, stopping spraying water and spraying the water-soluble fertilizer after sowing for 90 days, and reducing indoor temperature in a gradient manner, so that the hazelnut seedlings are dormant. The seedling raising method for shortening the hazelnut hybrid breeding cycle of the invention completes seeding and hybrid seedling cultivation in the current year of hazelnut hybrid pollination and completes hybrid seedling planting in the next spring, compared with the prior art, the method completes hybrid seedling cultivation and planting 1 year earlier, correspondingly shortens the breeding cycle by 1 year, and greatly improves the emergence rate and the seedling rate of hazelnut seeding and seedling raising.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of plant seedling culture, in particular to a seedling culture method for shortening a cross breeding period of hazelnuts.
Background
At present, cross breeding is one of the most important breeding methods of various economic forest tree species including hazelnuts, the cross breeding period of the economic forest tree species is generally long, and 15-20 years is usually required from the start of cross pollination to the completion of the breeding approval work of a new variety. The sowing and seedling raising is an important working link of the hybrid breeding work, as the seeds are dormant when the hazelnuts are mature in autumn, the dormancy of the seeds is broken by carrying out 120-day stratification treatment on the seeds at a low temperature of about 0 ℃ after the seeds are harvested, the seeds can be sown in the next spring, the seedlings can be grown in the next autumn, and the field planting work of the hybrid seedlings is completed in the third year.
Disclosure of Invention
The early sowing and the early planting are one of effective ways for shortening the cross breeding period of the hazelnuts, therefore, the invention provides the seedling culture method for shortening the cross breeding period of the hazelnuts, which finishes the work of seedling culture and seedling planting one year earlier than the prior art and correspondingly shortens the breeding period by 1 year.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention provides a seedling raising method for shortening hazelnut hybridization breeding period, which comprises the steps of soaking shelled hazelnut seeds in gibberellin, sowing the soaked shelled hazelnut seeds in a seedling raising pot filled with a mixed matrix, placing the seedling raising pot in a sunlight greenhouse within 90 days after sowing, keeping the indoor temperature at 25-35 ℃, spraying water for 7min every day, spraying a potassium nitrate water-soluble fertilizer with the mass concentration of 0.2% every 5 days, stopping spraying the water and spraying the water-soluble fertilizer after sowing for 90 days, and reducing the indoor temperature in a gradient manner, so that the hazelnut seedlings are dormant.
In the embodiment of the invention, the mixed matrix is prepared by mixing clay loam, river sand and grass peat, wherein the volume ratio of the clay loam, the river sand and the grass peat is 1:1: 2.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method for reducing the indoor temperature in a gradient manner includes: in 91-100 days after the hazelnut seeds are sowed, the indoor air temperature is controlled to be 10-20 ℃, the weather temperature in 101-110 days after the hazelnut seeds are sowed is controlled to be 5-10 ℃, and the weather temperature in 111-120 days after the hazelnut seeds are sowed is controlled to be 0-5 ℃.
In the embodiment of the invention, after the hazelnut nursery stock is dormant, the indoor temperature is controlled to be-5 ℃.
In the embodiment of the invention, the hazelnut seeds are sowed in the seedling pot, the size of the seedling pot is 10cm multiplied by 20cm, and the sowing depth of the hazelnut seeds in the seedling pot is 5 cm.
In the embodiment of the invention, the concentration of the gibberellin is 75ppm, and the seed soaking time is 12 h.
In the embodiment of the invention, the water spraying adopts a refraction type micro-nozzle, the water yield is 50L/h, and the water spraying device is suspended at the height of 1.6m away from the ground according to the distance of 1.5m multiplied by 1.5 m.
According to the invention, after the hazelnut seeds are harvested, the hazelnut seeds are aired for 24 hours, so that the toughness of the inner seed coat of the hazelnut is increased, and the breakage rate of the hazelnut during shell breaking is reduced. The hazelnut after breaking the shell is soaked for 12 hours by adopting gibberellin with the concentration of 75ppm, which is a sufficient necessary condition for relieving the hazelnut dormancy, the hazelnut dormancy is not sufficiently relieved due to the reduction of the gibberellin concentration or the shortening of the soaking time, the emergence rate is reduced after sowing, the excessive growth of seedlings after sowing and seedling quality is reduced due to the increase of the gibberellin concentration or the prolongation of the soaking time.
In the invention, the mixed matrix prepared by fully and uniformly stirring clay loam, river sand and turf according to the volume ratio of 1:1:2 not only meets the requirement of seedling root growth and development on the air permeability of the matrix, but also ensures that the matrix is not loose when seedlings are planted in spring.
In the invention, the specification of the seedling pot is 10cm multiplied by 20cm, the sowing depth of the hazelnut in the seedling pot is 5cm, the greenhouse air temperature is controlled to be 25-35 ℃ within 90 days after sowing, water is sprayed for 7min every day, and potassium nitrate water-soluble fertilizer with the concentration of 0.2% is sprayed every 5 days, which are all necessary conditions for meeting the seedling emergence and the normal growth and development of seedlings. The gradient cooling measure of one temperature range every 10 days after 90 days of sowing is a necessary condition for the seedlings to stop growing and enter dormancy. After the nursery stock enters dormancy and before the nursery stock is fixedly planted in spring, the sunlight greenhouse is covered with a heat preservation quilt all the day, the air temperature in the greenhouse is kept within the range of-10-5 ℃, the requirement of nursery stock dormancy on low temperature is met, and freezing damage and nursery stock sprouting before the nursery stock is fixedly planted in spring are prevented.
The invention has the advantages that:
the seedling raising method for shortening the hazelnut hybrid breeding cycle of the invention completes seeding and hybrid seedling culturing in the current year of hazelnut hybrid pollination and completes mixed seedling planting in the next spring, which completes seedling culturing and seedling planting 1 year earlier than the prior art, thereby shortening the breeding cycle by 1 year and greatly improving the emergence rate and the seedling rate of hazelnut seeding and seedling raising.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a seedling raising method for shortening a cross breeding period of hazelnuts, which comprises the following steps:
step one, preparation of seedling raising greenhouse
In the embodiment, a sunlight greenhouse with a span of 7.5m and steel frames without pillars is used as a cuttage facility, and the volume of the sunlight greenhouse is 10m3The water storage tank adopts a submersible pump with water yield of 5000kg per hour and a lift of 50m as spraying power equipment, a refraction type micro-spray head with rated water yield of 50L/h is installed at a height of 1.6m away from the ground, the micro-spray head is suspended at a distance of 1.5m multiplied by 1.5m and is controlled by an electronic time control switch for intermittent spraying, a polyethylene non-drip film is used as a greenhouse film, and supporting equipment such as an electric roller shutter, a heat preservation quilt and the like are installed at the top of a slope on the outer side of a greenhouse ceiling.
Step two, preparation of seedling substrate and seedling container
Mixing clay loam, river sand and turf at a volume ratio of 1:1:2, making into mixed matrix, and filling into plastic seedling pots with specification of 10cm × 10cm × 20 cm.
Step three, treating seeds and sowing
Selecting fully mature hazelnut seeds, immediately removing bracts after harvesting in the middle and late ten days of 8 months, airing in a shady and ventilated place for 24 hours, breaking shells, soaking the hazelnut kernels in gibberellin with the concentration of 75ppm for 12 hours, then sowing in seedling pots, wherein the sowing depth is 5cm, the sowed seedling pots are placed in a greenhouse in order, and water is sprayed for 60min to ensure that the matrix is thoroughly wetted.
Step four, management after sowing of hazelnut seeds
Controlling the temperature of a greenhouse to be 25-35 ℃ within 90 days after the hazelnut seeds are sowed, spraying water for 7min every day for a substrate and hazelnut seedlings, spraying a potassium nitrate water-soluble fertilizer with the mass concentration of 0.2% once every 5 days, stopping spraying water and spraying the water-soluble fertilizer after the hazelnut seeds are sowed for 90 days, adopting a gradient cooling measure with a temperature range of every 10 days to promote the seedlings to stop growing and enter dormancy, controlling the temperature to be 10-20 ℃ on 91-100 days after sowing, controlling the temperature to be 5-10 ℃ on 101-110 days after sowing, controlling the temperature to be 5-10 ℃ on 111-120 days after sowing, and controlling the temperature to be 0-5 ℃. Covering a heat preservation quilt on the top of the sunlight greenhouse all day after the hazelnut seedlings enter dormancy and before fixed planting in spring, and keeping the air temperature in the greenhouse at-5 ℃. The requirement of seedling dormancy on low temperature is met, and freezing damage and seedling sprouting before field planting in the spring of the second year are prevented.
According to the seedling raising method provided by the embodiment of the invention, through the treatment, the hazelnut seeds start to emerge continuously 15 days after sowing, the annual rate of emergence reaches 87.5%, the average seedling height is 31.5cm when the seedlings leave in 12 th lower ten days of the year, the average ground diameter is 0.6cm, and the requirement of spring transplanting and field planting in the second year is met.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is the prior hazelnut sowing and seedling raising method, and the specific operation method is as follows:
step one, harvesting seeds and airing
In 8 months of the year, after fully mature hazelnut seeds are collected in autumn, the bracts are immediately removed, the hazelnut seeds are aired for 10-15 days in a shady and ventilated place, and the hazelnut seeds are stored in the ventilated place after being aired.
Step two, lamination treatment of hazelnut seeds
In 11 months in the year, before soil is frozen, carrying out stratification treatment on hazelnut seeds, soaking the hazelnut seeds in warm water for 24 hours to fully absorb water, and then uniformly mixing the hazelnut seeds with clean wet river sand according to the proportion of 1: 3. Digging a laminated ditch with the width of 1m and the depth of 1m at leeward, shady and high-dryness positions, firstly paving wet river sand with the thickness of 30cm at the bottom of the laminated ditch, then paving hazelnut seeds mixed with the wet river sand with the thickness not more than 20cm, covering a layer of wet river sand with the thickness of 30cm on the laminated ditch, enabling the humidity of the river sand to be held by hands to form a ball, loosening hands and scattering the ball without dripping, covering a layer of corn stalks or straw mat and other coverings on the river sand, and beginning to sow the hazelnut seeds when the germination rate of the hazelnut seeds reaches about 20% in the last 4 months of the next year;
step three, sowing
Preparing land before sowing the germinated hazelnut seeds in the step two, and uniformly spreading high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer 5m per mu of land3Then, deep ploughing, raking and ridging are carried out by a tractor, the ridge spacing is 60cm, furrowing is carried out on the ridges, the furrow depth is 10cm, the germinated hazelnut seeds are uniformly placed in the sowing furrows according to the plant spacing of 20cm, soil is covered for 5cm, soil is pressed and preserved, seedling emergence is carried out continuously for about 15 days, pest control such as black-velvet scarab is mainly carried out after seedling emergence, watering is carried out timely according to weather conditions and soil conditions, intertillage and weeding are carried out timely until hazelnut seedlings are sown after leaves fall in autumn, seedlings are temporarily planted, and field planting is carried out on the hazelnut seedlings in spring of the third year.
In the comparative example, the rate of emergence of hazelnut seeds was only 50%.
Compared with the hazelnut seedling raising method in the comparative example 1, the seedling raising method for shortening the hazelnut hybridization breeding period in the embodiment 1 of the invention completes seedling cultivation and seedling planting in advance by 1 year, correspondingly shortens the breeding period by 1 year, and greatly improves the emergence rate of hazelnut seeding and seedling raising.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (7)
1. A seedling raising method for shortening the cross breeding period of hazelnut is characterized in that,
the method comprises the steps of soaking shelled hazelnut seeds with gibberellin, sowing the seeds in a seedling pot filled with a mixed matrix, placing the seedling pot in a sunlight greenhouse within 90 days before sowing, keeping the indoor temperature at 25-35 ℃, spraying water for 7min every day, spraying a potassium nitrate water-soluble fertilizer with the mass concentration of 0.2% every 5 days, stopping spraying the water and spraying the water-soluble fertilizer after sowing for 90 days, and reducing the indoor temperature in a gradient manner to enable the hazelnut seedlings to sleep.
2. A seedling raising method for shortening the cross breeding cycle of hazelnut according to claim 1,
the mixed matrix is prepared by mixing clay loam, river sand and turf, and the volume ratio of the clay loam, the river sand and the turf is 1:1: 2.
3. A seedling raising method for shortening the cross breeding cycle of hazelnut according to claim 1,
the method for reducing the indoor temperature by the gradient comprises the following steps: in 91-100 days after the hazelnut seeds are sowed, the indoor air temperature is controlled to be 10-20 ℃, the weather temperature in 101-110 days after the hazelnut seeds are sowed is controlled to be 5-10 ℃, and the weather temperature in 111-120 days after the hazelnut seeds are sowed is controlled to be 0-5 ℃.
4. A seedling raising method for shortening the cross breeding cycle of hazelnut according to claim 1,
after the hazelnut nursery stock is dormant, the indoor temperature is controlled to be-5 ℃.
5. A seedling raising method for shortening the cross breeding cycle of hazelnut according to claim 1,
the hazelnut seeds are sowed in seedling pots, the size of each seedling pot is 10cm multiplied by 20cm, and the sowing depth of the hazelnut seeds in the seedling pots is 5 cm.
6. A seedling raising method for shortening the cross breeding cycle of hazelnut according to claim 1,
the concentration of the gibberellin is 75ppm, and the seed soaking time is 12 hours.
7. A seedling raising method for shortening a cross breeding cycle of hazelnut as claimed in claim 1,
the water spraying adopts a refraction type micro-nozzle, the water yield is 50L/h, and the water spraying device is suspended at the height of 1.6m away from the ground according to the distance of 1.5m multiplied by 1.5 m.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110245279.XA CN113068475A (en) | 2021-03-05 | 2021-03-05 | Seedling raising method for shortening hazelnut cross breeding period |
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| CN202110245279.XA CN113068475A (en) | 2021-03-05 | 2021-03-05 | Seedling raising method for shortening hazelnut cross breeding period |
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Citations (8)
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| US5549729A (en) * | 1988-09-09 | 1996-08-27 | Yamashita; Thomas T. | Method and composition for promoting and controlling growth of plants |
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2021
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| CN101218882A (en) * | 2008-01-22 | 2008-07-16 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | Method for raising seedling of chestnut |
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Application publication date: 20210706 |