CN113062494A - Multifunctional solar wall system using phase-change material - Google Patents
Multifunctional solar wall system using phase-change material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113062494A CN113062494A CN202110362388.XA CN202110362388A CN113062494A CN 113062494 A CN113062494 A CN 113062494A CN 202110362388 A CN202110362388 A CN 202110362388A CN 113062494 A CN113062494 A CN 113062494A
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- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 153
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013084 building-integrated photovoltaic technology Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/70—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents
- E04B1/7069—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents by ventilating
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/12—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating
- F24D3/14—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating incorporated in a ceiling, wall or floor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multifunctional solar wall system using a phase-change material, which comprises a glass cover plate, a closed air layer, a photovoltaic module, a heat absorbing plate, a water pipe, an outer air flow channel, a heat insulating layer, an inner air flow channel, the phase-change material and a wall body which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside. The system mainly comprises three working modes throughout the year: transition season, summer and winter modes, specific function has: generating power all the year round; preparing hot water in transition seasons and summer days; indoor heating is provided all day and night in transitional seasons in winter; heat insulation is provided in the whole day in summer and in the transitional season. The phase-change material is applied to the wall, and the double flow channels are introduced by adding the heat insulation layer in the original air flow channel so as to better cooperate with the phase-change material to play a role of continuous heating at night.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic and photo-thermal building integration, and particularly relates to a multifunctional solar wall system using a phase-change material.
Background
With the increasing consumption of primary energy and the consequent exacerbation of environmental pollution problems, the search for new clean and pollution-free renewable energy sources has become one of the key points of global attention in recent decades. Solar energy has been widely studied in recent years because of its advantages of cleanliness, no pollution, easy availability, inexhaustibility, etc. In addition, it is reported in literature that building energy consumption accounts for about 40% of the total primary energy consumption and tends to increase year by year, and therefore, it is significant to study the utilization of solar energy in buildings. Among them, building integrated photovoltaic and photo-thermal (BIPV/T) is one of the most effective methods for utilizing solar energy in buildings. However, most existing conventional BIPV/T solar wall systems that provide indoor heating or hot water during the day are substantially unable to meet the energy consumption requirements of the building during the night without solar radiation. And is often idle during the transition season.
Therefore, the phase-change material is applied to the traditional BIPV/T solar wall, and a double-channel structure is introduced to cooperate with the phase-change material to play a role in different working modes. The system has the advantages that under the condition that the original functions of indoor heating, hot water making, power generation and the like are not influenced, the effect of continuous heating at night by the system is improved, the time of continuous heating at night in transition seasons and winter by the system is prolonged, and the heat load at night is reduced; in addition, the cooling load during summer and transitional seasons can be reduced to some extent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects that the traditional BIPV/T solar wall cannot ensure indoor continuous heating at night, has a single operation mode and is in an idle state in part of seasons, the phase-change material is applied to the traditional BIPV/T solar wall, the middle heat insulation layer is added into the original air flow channel, and the double-flow-channel structure is introduced to better cooperate with the phase-change material to play a role in different seasons. The system has three working modes throughout the year: winter mode, summer mode, and transition season mode. The system has the following functions: generating electricity all year round; hot water is prepared and heat is insulated in the transition season and the summer day; the continuous indoor heating is provided all day long in winter and at night in transitional seasons.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a multifunctional solar wall system using phase-change materials comprises a glass cover plate 1, a closed air layer 2, a photovoltaic module 3, a heat absorbing plate 4, a water pipe 9, an outer air flow channel 5, a heat insulating layer 6, an inner air flow channel 7, phase-change materials 8 and a wall body 10 which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside; the glass cover plate 1 is located on the outermost side of the wall body, is made of white glass, has a transmittance of over 90% in a sunlight wave band, is used for enabling more solar radiation to penetrate through the glass cover plate to enter the system, and plays a role in protecting internal components; the closed air layer 2 is positioned between the glass cover plate 1 and the photovoltaic module 3 and is used for reducing the influence of the outdoor environment on the temperature of the photovoltaic module 3 and the heat absorption plate 4; the photovoltaic module 3 is a monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell, transparent polyvinyl fluoride (TPT) composite films are used on the inner side and the outer side of the photovoltaic cell, the TPT and the photovoltaic cell are bonded with the TPT and the heat absorbing plate through ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), the whole is placed between vacuum laminating machines for lamination molding, the coverage rate of the photovoltaic cell on the heat absorbing plate is 60% -80%, the photovoltaic cell is used for converting partial solar energy into electric energy, and the standard generating efficiency reaches 20% -30%; the heat absorbing plate 4 is an aluminum plate coated with a selective absorbing coating, the absorptivity of the aluminum plate is higher than 0.9, the emissivity of the aluminum plate is lower than 0.25, and the aluminum plate is used for absorbing solar radiation so that the system has heat collecting performance in winter; the outer air channel 5 is provided with an outer channel upper vent V1, an outer channel lower vent V2, an outer channel ventilation upper baffle D1 and an outer channel ventilation lower baffle D2; the inner air channel 7 is provided with an inner channel upper vent V3, an inner channel lower vent V4, an inner channel ventilation upper baffle D3 and an inner channel ventilation lower baffle D4; the air is heated through the heat convection with the heat absorbing plate, and the circulation of the air in the flow channel and the indoor air is established under the action of the thermosiphon effect, so that the passive heating effect in the room during the heating season is ensured, and the air layer in the flow channel plays roles in heat preservation and heat insulation by closing the ventilation baffle of the flow channel in the rest seasons; the heat insulation layer 6 is positioned between the heat absorption plate and the phase-change material, the thickness of the heat insulation layer is not less than 5cm, and the function of adding the heat insulation layer is that double channels and multiple operation modes are introduced, so that the heat insulation layer is matched with the phase-change material to play a role of continuous heating at night in a heating season and achieve a heat insulation effect in summer; the phase-change material 8 covers the surface of the outer wall of the south wall of the building, stores partial heat in the form of latent heat in the daytime of a heating season and releases the heat at night, and the effect of continuous indoor heating at night is achieved; the water pipes 9 are composed of eight branch water pipes, an upper collecting pipe and a lower collecting pipe, are welded on the back plate of the heat absorbing plate and are used for preparing hot water for daily life in the daytime of non-heating seasons, and simultaneously take away part of heat of the photovoltaic module 3 to reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic module so as to achieve the purpose of improving the photoelectric efficiency; the wall body 10 is made of a heat insulating material, an inner runner upper vent V3 and an inner runner lower vent V4 are arranged in the wall body, and the wall body plays a main role in heat insulation; an outdoor upper ventilation opening V5, an outdoor lower ventilation opening V6, an outdoor upper ventilation baffle D5 and an outdoor lower ventilation baffle D6 are arranged above the system and are used for being opened at night in summer to allow outdoor air to flow into the inner flow channel so as to take away heat of the phase-change material.
Further, the height of the outer air flow passage 5 and the inner air flow passage 7 should be 1.8m to 2m, and the thickness should be 8cm to 10cm to ensure the thermosyphon force, and the dimensions of the upper and lower ventilation openings (V1, V2, V3, V4) and the upper and lower ventilation baffles (D1, D2, D3, D4) of the outer air flow passage 5 and the inner air flow passage 7 are all 30cm × 15 cm.
Further, the size of the phase change material 8 is 4.5cm × 3.0cm × 1.5cm, and the phase change material stores part of heat of airflow in a flow channel in a latent heat manner during the daytime of a heating season and releases the heat at night to provide indoor continuous heating at night; and a part of heat in the air of the inner runner is absorbed in non-heating seasons to achieve the effect of heat insulation, and the cold load of the building is reduced.
Further, the outdoor upper and lower ventilation openings (V5, V6) and the outdoor upper and lower ventilation baffles (D5, D6) are all 80cm × 8cm in size.
Further, in the winter daytime mode, the outer flow passage ventilation upper baffle D1 and the outer flow passage ventilation lower baffle D2 of the outer flow passage and the inner flow passage ventilation upper baffle D3 and the inner flow passage ventilation lower baffle D4 of the inner flow passage are all opened, and the outdoor ventilation upper baffle D5 and the outdoor ventilation lower baffle D6 are kept closed, so that the system can realize the functions of power generation and indoor heating in the mode.
Further, in the night mode in winter and transitional seasons, the inner duct ventilation upper baffle D3 and the inner duct ventilation lower baffle D4 of the inner duct remain open, and the outer duct ventilation upper baffle D1 and the outer duct ventilation lower baffle D2 of the outer duct, and the outdoor ventilation upper baffle D5 and the outdoor ventilation lower baffle D6 of the outer duct remain closed, so that the system can perform the functions of heat preservation and continuous indoor heating at night.
Further, in the daytime mode of summer and transition seasons, the outer flow passage ventilation upper baffle D1 and the outer flow passage ventilation lower baffle D2 of the outer flow passage, the inner flow passage ventilation upper baffle D3 and the inner flow passage ventilation lower baffle D4 of the inner flow passage, the outdoor ventilation upper baffle D5 and the outdoor ventilation lower baffle D6 of the inner flow passage are all kept closed, the water tank is full of water, the circulating water pump is opened, and the system can realize the functions of heat insulation, power generation and preparation of domestic hot water in the mode.
Further, in a night mode in summer, the outer channel ventilation upper baffle D1 and the outer channel ventilation lower baffle D2 of the outer channel, and the inner channel ventilation upper baffle D3 and the inner channel ventilation lower baffle D4 of the inner channel are kept closed, the outdoor ventilation upper baffle D5 and the outdoor ventilation lower baffle D6 of the outdoor channel are opened, ambient air enters the inner channel to take away heat of the phase-change material, and the system can achieve the function of thermal insulation in the mode.
Further, in the working mode in winter, the generating efficiency in daytime reaches 11.75% on average, the heating efficiency in the daytime reaches 21.31%, and the time for the phase-change material to continuously release latent heat to heat the indoor space at night is 3.2 hours.
Further, under the working mode in summer, the power generation efficiency in the daytime can reach 8.88%; the thermal efficiency of preparing domestic water in the daytime reaches 55.04%.
Further, under the working mode of the transition season, the generating efficiency in the daytime reaches 11.45% on average, the thermal efficiency for preparing domestic water in the daytime reaches 55.52%, and the time for the phase change material to continuously release latent heat to heat the indoor space at night reaches 6.5 hours.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the invention can realize the functions of generating electricity in the daytime, passively heating and continuously heating and insulating heat in the room at night in winter; the functions of generating power in the daytime, preparing domestic hot water, insulating heat and passively ventilating and cooling at night are realized in summer; the functions of generating electricity in the daytime, preparing domestic hot water, insulating heat and continuously heating the indoor at night are realized in the transitional season. The defects that the traditional BIPV/T solar wall is single in function, idle in part of seasons, incapable of continuously heating at night in heating seasons and the like are overcome.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the invention are embodied in the following aspects:
1. the invention combines the functions of power generation, indoor heating, hot water preparation, heat insulation, heat preservation, continuous heating at night in the heating season and the like, effectively prolongs the time of the traditional BIPV/T wall body for continuously heating indoors at night in the heating season, expands the function of the BIPV/T wall body and realizes more effective and more reasonable utilization of solar energy;
2. in transitional seasons and in summer days, the invention not only ensures the supply of hot water used in daily life (the water tank is 120 liters, and the experiment proves that the final temperature of the water tank can reach 49-54 ℃ in the daytime with good irradiation), but also takes away partial heat of the photovoltaic module, thereby improving the photoelectric efficiency of the system;
3. the invention is provided with an outer flow channel upper vent V1, an outer flow channel lower vent V2, an inner flow channel upper vent V3, an inner flow channel lower vent V4, an outdoor upper vent V5 and an outdoor lower vent V6, and six air ports are provided in total, so that more operation strategies are provided for the wall body in different seasons, different climates and different indoor heat demands all year round, and the operation modes are more diversified. It should be noted that although the present invention describes three operation modes of the system in different seasons, there is no strict limit in practical use, and an appropriate operation strategy can be selected according to actual specific weather conditions to set the opening or closing of each tuyere.
In conclusion, the multifunctional solar wall using the phase change material can effectively prolong the time of the wall providing continuous heating for the indoor at night in the heating season, provides more operation modes and strategies, effectively expands the functions of the traditional BIPV/T wall, realizes more effective utilization of solar energy, and has good market popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the wall;
fig. 2 is a layout diagram of photovoltaic modules of the wall body on a heat absorbing plate and schematic diagrams of a cold water inlet and a hot water outlet;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of phase change material used in the wall;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the working mode of the multifunctional solar wall using phase-change material during the winter day according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view illustrating the working mode of the multifunctional solar wall using phase change material in the night of winter and the night of transition season according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the operation mode of the multifunctional solar wall using phase change material during summer and transition seasons;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view illustrating the working mode of a multifunctional solar wall using phase-change materials in the night in summer according to the present invention;
the sequence numbers in the above figures mean:
the solar photovoltaic module comprises a glass cover plate 1, a closed air layer 2, a photovoltaic module 3, a heat absorbing plate 4, an outer air flow channel 5, a heat insulating layer 6, an inner air flow channel 7, a phase-change material 8, a water pipe 9, a wall 10, an outer flow channel ventilation upper baffle D1, an outer flow channel ventilation lower baffle D2, an inner flow channel ventilation upper baffle D3, an inner flow channel ventilation lower baffle D4, an outer ventilation upper baffle D5, an outer ventilation lower baffle D6, an outer flow channel upper vent V1, an outer flow channel lower vent V2, an inner flow channel upper vent V3, an inner flow channel lower vent V4, an outer ventilation upper outdoor vent V5 and an outer ventilation lower vent V6.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a multifunctional solar wall system using a phase-change material, which comprises a glass cover plate 1, a closed air layer 2, a photovoltaic module 3, a heat absorbing plate 4, a water pipe 9, an outer air flow channel 5, a heat insulating layer 6, an inner air flow channel 7, a phase-change material 8 and a wall body 10 which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, wherein a ventilation baffle plate comprises an outer flow channel ventilation upper baffle plate D1 and an outer flow channel ventilation lower baffle plate D2, an inner flow channel ventilation upper baffle plate D3, an inner flow channel ventilation lower baffle plate D4, an outdoor ventilation upper baffle plate D5 and an outdoor ventilation lower baffle plate D6; the ventilation openings comprise an outer flow passage upper ventilation opening V1, an outer flow passage lower ventilation opening V2, an inner flow passage upper ventilation opening V3, an inner flow passage lower ventilation opening V4, an outdoor upper ventilation opening V5 and an outdoor lower ventilation opening V6.
Referring to fig. 1, the glass cover plate 1 is located on the outermost side of the wall body, is made of white glass, has a transmittance of more than 90% in a sunlight wave band, is used for allowing more solar radiation to penetrate through the glass cover plate to enter the system, and plays a role in protecting internal components;
the closed air layer 2 is positioned between the glass cover plate 1 and the photovoltaic module 3 and is used for reducing the influence of the outdoor environment on the temperature of the photovoltaic module 3 and the heat absorption plate 4;
the photovoltaic module 3 is a monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell, transparent polyvinyl fluoride (TPT) composite films are used on the inner side and the outer side of the photovoltaic cell, the TPT and the photovoltaic cell are bonded with the TPT and the heat absorbing plate through ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), the whole is placed between vacuum laminating machines for lamination molding, the coverage rate of the photovoltaic cell on the heat absorbing plate is 60% -80% (see figure 2) and is used for converting partial solar energy into electric energy, and the standard power generation efficiency can reach 20% -30%;
the heat absorbing plate 4 is an aluminum plate coated with a selective absorbing coating, and has an absorptivity higher than 0.9 and an emissivity lower than 0.25, so as to better absorb solar radiation and enable the whole system to reach higher temperature, and thus the system has better heat collection performance in winter;
the height of the outer air channel 5 and the inner air channel 7 is 1.8-2 m, and the thickness is 8-10 cm, so as to ensure larger thermosyphon suction force; the outer air channel 5 is provided with an outer channel upper vent V1, an outer channel lower vent V2, an outer channel ventilation upper baffle D1 and an outer channel ventilation lower baffle D2; the inner air channel 7 is provided with an inner channel upper vent V3, an inner channel lower vent V4, an inner channel ventilation upper baffle D3 and an inner channel ventilation lower baffle D4, the sizes of the upper vent, the lower vent and the upper and lower baffle of the outer air channel 5 and the inner air channel 7 are both 30cm multiplied by 15cm, air is heated through convection heat exchange with the heat absorbing plate, circulation of channel air and indoor air is established under the action of thermosiphon effect, so that the indoor passive heating effect in the heating season is ensured, and in other seasons, the air layer in the channel can play the roles of heat preservation and heat insulation by closing the channel ventilation baffle;
the heat insulation layer 6 is positioned between the heat absorption plate and the phase-change material, the thickness is not less than 5cm, and the function of adding the heat insulation layer is that double channels and multiple operation modes are introduced, so that the phase-change material is better matched to play a role of continuous heating at night in a heating season and achieve a heat insulation effect in summer;
the size of the phase change material 8 is 4.5cm multiplied by 3.0cm multiplied by 1.5cm, the phase change material covers the surface of the outer wall of the south wall of the building, partial heat is stored in the form of latent heat in the daytime of a heating season and is released at night, and the effect of continuous indoor heating at night is achieved; the phase change material used is an organic phase change material produced by Rubitherm company of Germany, the model is RT28HC, and the related thermal physical properties are as follows: the phase change region is 27-29 ℃, the density at the solid state (15 ℃) is 0.88Kg/L, the density at the liquid state (40 ℃) is 0.77Kg/L, the heat capacity is 2 KJ/(Kg.K), the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.2W/(m.K), and the heat storage capacity is 250KJ/Kg (the sum of sensible heat and latent heat in the temperature region of 21-36 ℃).
The water pipes 9 are composed of eight branch water pipes, an upper collecting pipe and a lower collecting pipe, are welded on the back plate of the heat absorbing plate and are used for preparing hot water for daily life in the daytime of non-heating seasons, and simultaneously take away part of heat of the photovoltaic module 3 to reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic module so as to achieve the purpose of improving the photoelectric efficiency;
the wall 10 is made of a heat insulating material, and the wall plays a main role in heat insulation. An outdoor upper ventilation opening V5, an outdoor lower ventilation opening V6, an outdoor upper ventilation baffle D5 and an outdoor lower ventilation baffle D6 are arranged above the system and are used for being opened at night in summer to allow outdoor air to flow into the inner flow channel so as to take away heat of the phase-change material. The sizes of the outdoor upper and lower ventilation openings (V5, V6) and the outdoor upper and lower ventilation baffles (D5, D6) are 80cm multiplied by 8 cm.
The ventilation baffle comprises an outer runner ventilation upper baffle D1 and an outer runner ventilation lower baffle D2, an inner runner ventilation upper baffle D3, an inner runner ventilation lower baffle D4, an outdoor ventilation upper baffle D5 and an outdoor ventilation lower baffle D6, the ventilation openings comprise an outer runner upper ventilation opening V1, an outer runner lower ventilation opening V2, an inner runner upper ventilation opening V3, an inner runner lower ventilation opening V4, an outdoor upper ventilation opening V5 and an outdoor lower ventilation opening V6, the sizes of the corresponding ventilation openings and the ventilation baffles are equal, and when the ventilation openings need to be closed, the ventilation baffle can be completely embedded into the ventilation openings. For different seasons, the functions of preparing domestic hot water, indoor heating, heat preservation, heat insulation and the like can be flexibly realized by controlling the opening or closing of each ventilation baffle.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 4, for the winter day mode of operation, the outer duct ventilation flap D1 and the outer duct ventilation flap D2 of the outer duct and the inner duct ventilation flap D3 and the inner duct ventilation flap D4 of the inner duct are all open, and the outdoor ventilation flap D5 and the outdoor ventilation flap D6 remain closed. The air in the outer runner absorbs partial heat of the heat absorbing plate through natural convection heat exchange with the heat absorbing plate, the temperature of the air flow rises, and under the thermosiphon effect, the air in the runner enters the room through the upper and lower ventilation openings of the inner runner to provide passive heating for the room, and the functions which can be achieved under the operation mode are as follows: indoor passive heating and power generation;
referring to fig. 5, for the winter and transition season night operation mode, the inner duct ventilation upper baffle D3 and the inner duct ventilation lower baffle D4 of the inner duct remain open, the outer duct ventilation upper baffle D1 and the outer duct ventilation lower baffle D2 of the outer duct, and the outdoor ventilation upper baffle D5 and the outdoor ventilation lower baffle D6 of the outer duct remain closed, the inner duct air carries away latent heat stored in the phase change material during the daytime through the convection heat exchange with the phase change material, and enters the indoor space through the upper and lower vents of the inner duct to provide continuous heating, and in addition, the existence of the closed air layer 2, the outer air duct 5 and the middle heat-insulating layer 6 can reduce the dissipation of indoor heat to the maximum extent, and the functions that can be achieved in this operation mode are: indoor continuous heating, heat preservation and reduction of indoor heat loss;
example 2
Referring to fig. 6, for the daytime running mode in summer and transitional seasons, the outer flow passage ventilation upper baffle D1 and the outer flow passage ventilation lower baffle D2 of the outer flow passage, the inner flow passage ventilation upper baffle D3 and the inner flow passage ventilation lower baffle D4 of the inner flow passage, and the outdoor ventilation upper baffle D5 and the outdoor ventilation lower baffle D6 of the outer flow passage are all kept closed, and the closed inner and outer air flow passages and the intermediate heat-insulating layer can play a role in heat insulation; the water tank is filled with water, the circulating water pump is started, and water flow is heated through the heat convection with the water pipe branch pipe welded on the back of the heat absorbing plate, so that hot water is prepared for daily life. The functions that can be achieved in this operating mode are: generating electricity, preparing hot water and insulating heat;
referring to fig. 7, in the night operation mode in summer, the outer channel ventilation upper baffle D1, the outer channel ventilation lower baffle D2, the inner channel ventilation upper baffle D3 and the inner channel ventilation lower baffle D4 of the outer channel are kept closed, the outdoor ventilation upper baffle D5 and the outdoor ventilation lower baffle D6 of the outer channel are opened, ambient air enters the inner channel to take away part of heat stored in the phase-change material, and meanwhile, the passive ventilation cooling effect can be achieved, and the indoor night cooling load is reduced. The functions that can be achieved in this operating mode are: and (4) passive ventilation cooling.
In summary, the invention can realize the following functions all the year round: generating power all the year round; hot water is prepared and heat is insulated in the transition season and the summer day; the continuous indoor heating is provided all day long in winter and at night in transitional seasons. The invention effectively prolongs the duration of continuous heating of the traditional BIPV/T wall body at night in the heating season, and has better effect of reducing indoor cold load in the non-heating season.
It should be noted that, according to the above embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art can fully implement the full scope of the present invention as defined by the independent claims and the dependent claims, and implement the processes and methods as the above embodiments; and the invention has not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present invention.
The above description is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multifunctional solar wall system using phase change materials is characterized in that: the solar energy heat collecting system comprises a glass cover plate (1), a closed air layer (2), a photovoltaic module (3), a heat absorbing plate (4), a water pipe (9), an outer air flow channel (5), a heat insulating layer (6), an inner air flow channel (7), a phase-change material (8) and a wall body (10), wherein the glass cover plate (1) is arranged from outside to inside in sequence, is positioned on the outermost side of the wall body and is made of white glass, the transmittance of the glass cover plate in a sunlight wave band is more than 90%, and the glass cover plate is used for enabling more solar radiation to penetrate through the glass cover plate to enter the system and simultaneously plays a role in; the closed air layer (2) is positioned between the glass cover plate (1) and the photovoltaic module (3) and is used for reducing the influence of the outdoor environment on the temperature of the photovoltaic module (3) and the heat absorption plate (4); the photovoltaic module (3) is a monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell, transparent polyvinyl fluoride composite films are used on the inner side and the outer side of the photovoltaic cell, the polyvinyl fluoride composite films and the photovoltaic cell are bonded with the polyvinyl fluoride composite films and the heat absorbing plate through ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, the whole body is placed between vacuum laminating machines for lamination molding, the coverage rate of the photovoltaic cell on the heat absorbing plate is 60% -80%, the photovoltaic cell is used for converting partial solar energy into electric energy, and the standard power generation efficiency reaches 20% -30%; the heat absorbing plate (4) is an aluminum plate coated with a selective absorbing coating, the absorptivity of the aluminum plate is higher than 0.9, the emissivity of the aluminum plate is lower than 0.25, and the aluminum plate is used for absorbing solar radiation so that the system has heat collecting performance in winter; the outer air runner (5) is provided with an outer runner upper vent (V1), an outer runner lower vent (V2), an outer runner ventilation upper baffle (D1) and an outer runner ventilation lower baffle (D2); the inner air channel (7) is provided with an inner channel upper vent (V3), an inner channel lower vent (V4), an inner channel ventilation upper baffle (D3) and an inner channel ventilation lower baffle (D4); the air is heated through the heat convection with the heat absorbing plate, and the circulation of the air in the flow channel and the indoor air is established under the action of the thermosiphon effect, so that the passive heating effect in the room during the heating season is ensured, and the air layer in the flow channel plays roles in heat preservation and heat insulation by closing the ventilation baffle of the flow channel in the rest seasons; the heat insulation layer (6) is positioned between the heat absorption plate and the phase-change material, the thickness of the heat insulation layer is not less than 5cm, and the function of adding the heat insulation layer is that double channels and multiple operation modes are introduced, so that the heat insulation layer is matched with the phase-change material to play a role of continuous heating at night in a heating season and achieve a heat insulation effect in summer; the phase-change material (8) covers the surface of the outer wall of the south wall of the building, stores partial heat in the form of latent heat in the daytime of a heating season and releases the heat at night, and the effect of continuous indoor heating at night is achieved; the water pipes (9) are composed of eight branch water pipes, an upper collecting pipe and a lower collecting pipe, are welded on the back plate of the heat absorbing plate and are used for preparing hot water for daily life in the daytime of non-heating seasons, and simultaneously take away part of heat of the photovoltaic module (3) and reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic module so as to achieve the purpose of improving the photoelectric efficiency; the wall body (10) is made of heat insulation materials, an inner runner upper vent (V3) and an inner runner lower vent (V4) are formed in the wall body, and the wall body plays a main role in heat insulation; an outdoor upper ventilation opening (V5), an outdoor lower ventilation opening (V6), an outdoor upper ventilation baffle (D5) and an outdoor lower ventilation baffle (D6) are arranged above the system and are used for being opened at night in summer to allow outdoor air to flow into the inner flow channel so as to take away heat of the phase-change material.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein: the height of the outer air channel (5) and the inner air channel (7) is 1.8-2 m, the thickness of the outer air channel and the inner air channel is 8-10 cm, so as to ensure the thermosyphon suction force, and the sizes of the upper and lower ventilation openings, the ventilation upper baffle and the ventilation lower baffle of the outer air channel (5) and the inner air channel (7) are all 30cm multiplied by 15 cm.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein: the size of the phase change material (8) is 4.5cm multiplied by 3.0cm multiplied by 1.5cm, and the phase change material stores part of heat of airflow in the flow channel in a latent heat mode in the daytime of a heating season and releases the heat in the night to provide indoor continuous heating at night; and a part of heat in the air of the inner runner is absorbed in non-heating seasons to achieve the effect of heat insulation, and the cold load of the building is reduced.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein: in the daytime mode of winter, the outer runner ventilation upper baffle (D1) and the outer runner ventilation lower baffle (D2) of the outer runner and the inner runner ventilation upper baffle (D3) and the inner runner ventilation lower baffle (D4) of the inner runner are all opened, and the outdoor ventilation upper baffle (D5) and the outdoor ventilation lower baffle (D6) are kept closed, so that the system can realize the functions of power generation and indoor heating in the mode.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein: in the night mode of winter and transition seasons, the inner flow passage ventilation upper baffle (D3) and the inner flow passage ventilation lower baffle (D4) of the inner flow passage are kept open, the outer flow passage ventilation upper baffle (D1) and the outer flow passage ventilation lower baffle (D2) of the outer flow passage, the outdoor ventilation upper baffle (D5) and the outdoor ventilation lower baffle (D6) of the outer flow passage are kept closed, and the functions which can be realized by the system in the mode are heat preservation and continuous indoor heating at night.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein: in the daytime mode of summer and transition seasons, the outer flow passage ventilation upper baffle (D1) and the outer flow passage ventilation lower baffle (D2) of the outer flow passage, the inner flow passage ventilation upper baffle (D3) and the inner flow passage ventilation lower baffle (D4) of the inner flow passage, the outdoor ventilation upper baffle (D5) and the outdoor ventilation lower baffle (D6) are all kept closed, the water tank is filled with water, and the circulating water pump is started.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein: in the night mode in summer, an outer runner ventilation upper baffle (D1) and an outer runner ventilation lower baffle (D2) of the outer runner, an inner runner ventilation upper baffle (D3) and an inner runner ventilation lower baffle (D4) of the inner runner are kept closed, an outdoor ventilation upper baffle (D5) and an outdoor ventilation lower baffle (D6) of the outdoor runner are opened, ambient air enters the inner runner to take away heat of the phase-change material, and the system can achieve the function of heat insulation in the mode.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein: in the working mode in winter, the generating efficiency in the daytime reaches 11.75 percent on average, the heating efficiency in the daytime reaches 21.31 percent, and the time for the phase change material to continuously release latent heat to heat the indoor space at night is 3.2 hours.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein: under the working mode in summer, the generating efficiency in the daytime can reach 8.88 percent, and the thermal efficiency for preparing domestic water in the daytime reaches 55.04 percent.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein: under the working mode of the transition season, the generating efficiency in the daytime reaches 11.45 percent on average, the thermal efficiency for preparing domestic water in the daytime reaches 55.52 percent, and the time for the phase change material to continuously release latent heat to heat the indoor space at night reaches 6.5 hours.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117888641A (en) * | 2024-03-14 | 2024-04-16 | 天津科美斯建筑材料有限公司 | External wall combined XPS extruded sheet heat preservation system |
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Application publication date: 20210702 |