CN113045496A - 选择性合成二氢菲啶或菲啶类化合物的方法 - Google Patents

选择性合成二氢菲啶或菲啶类化合物的方法 Download PDF

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CN113045496A
CN113045496A CN202110288940.5A CN202110288940A CN113045496A CN 113045496 A CN113045496 A CN 113045496A CN 202110288940 A CN202110288940 A CN 202110288940A CN 113045496 A CN113045496 A CN 113045496A
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dihydrophenanthridine
dihydrophenanthridines
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CN113045496B (zh
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张新迎
于彩云
徐园双
范学森
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Henan Normal University
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    • C07D221/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00
    • C07D221/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D221/04Ortho- or peri-condensed ring systems
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    • C07D221/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
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    • C07D491/02Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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Abstract

本发明公开了选择性合成二氢菲啶类化合物3或菲啶类化合物4的方法,属于有机合成技术领域。以邻芳基苯胺类化合物1与炔酸酯类化合物2为原料,在钌催化剂、添加剂和酸存在下,有机溶剂中升温反应得到二氢菲啶类化合物3或菲啶类化合物4;本发明具有以下优点:1)合成过程简单,从邻芳基苯胺类化合物和炔酸酯类化合物出发,在钌催化剂催化下,通过改变反应温度,可高选择性地合成二氢菲啶或菲啶类化合物;2)原料价廉易得,反应条件温和,操作简便,底物的适用范围广。

Description

选择性合成二氢菲啶或菲啶类化合物的方法
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成技术领域,具体涉及选择性合成二氢菲啶或菲啶类化合 物的方法。
背景技术
作为一类重要的含氮稠杂环,菲啶结构单元广泛存在于天然产物、药物和功 能材料分子中。例如,白屈菜赤碱、两面针碱及花椒宁碱等均属于菲啶类生物碱, 其中,白屈菜赤碱具有抗细胞毒素、抗菌等活性,而两面针碱及花椒宁碱则具有 显著的抗癌活性。
此外,二氢菲啶及其衍生物不仅是一类重要的有机合成中间体,而且是石蒜 碱和白屈菜碱等具有生物活性天然产物的重要组成部分,临床上可用于催吐、抗 癌以及治疗胃肠绞痛、十二指肠溃疡、类风湿性关节炎、外伤及癌性疼痛等。
目前,已有一些关于二氢菲啶和菲啶类化合物合成方法的报道,但这些文献 方法仍然存在一定的局限性:如原料不易获得、反应条件苛刻、合成路线长、产 物结构单一和不具有普遍应用性等问题。
因此,研究并开发从简单易得的原料出发,通过改变反应条件来选择性地合 成二氢菲啶或菲啶类化合物的新方法,具有十分重要的理论意义和实用前景。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供了选择性合成二氢菲啶或菲啶类化合物的方 法,该方法通过易得的邻芳基苯胺类化合物和炔酸酯类化合物之间发生的串联反 应,选择性地合成了二氢菲啶或菲啶类化合物,具有原料简单易得、操作简便、 条件温和、选择性好及底物适用范围广等优点。
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用如下技术方案,选择性合成二氢菲啶3或菲 啶类化合物4的方法,包括如下操作:邻芳基苯胺类化合物1与炔酸酯类化合物 2,在钌催化剂、添加剂和酸存在下,有机溶剂中升温反应得到二氢菲啶类化合 物3或菲啶类化合物4;反应方程式为:
Figure BDA0002981426800000011
其中,R1为氢、卤素、三氟甲基、苄氧基、C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基,R2为氢、卤 素、三氟甲基、苄氧基、C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基,R3为C1-6链状烷基或C1-6链状 取代烷基,R4为C1-4烷基。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,所述取代基中,卤素选自氟、氯、溴或碘。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,所述钌催化剂为[Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2{二氯双 (4-甲基异丙基苯基)钌(II)}。采用其他金属催化剂,如:[RhCp*Cl2]2{二氯(五甲 基环戊二烯基)合铑(III)二聚体}或Pd(OAc)2{醋酸钯}等时,仅检测到少量目标产 物,采用[IrCp*Cl2]2{二氯(五甲基环戊二烯基)合铱(III)二聚体}或CoCp*(CO)I2 {五甲基环戊二烯基羰基二碘合钴}等时,反应未检测到需要产物。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,所述添加剂为六氟锑酸银、三氟甲烷磺酸银、 四氟硼酸银或双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺银盐。其中,合成二氢菲啶类化合物3时,优 选添加剂为三氟甲烷磺酸银或四氟硼酸银;合成菲啶类化合物4时,优选添加剂 为三氟甲烷磺酸银。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,所述酸为醋酸、特戊酸、三氟甲磺酸、2,4,6- 三甲基苯甲酸、三氟乙酸、苯甲酸或氯乙酸,优选酸为醋酸。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,所述有机溶剂为起到溶解原料的作用,但同 时也发现:合成二氢菲啶类化合物3时,优选溶剂为四氢呋喃(THF)或乙二醇 二甲醚(DME);合成菲啶类化合物4时,优选溶剂为四氢呋喃(THF)。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,反应温度为40-140℃。研究结果表明,升高 温度有利于菲啶类化合物4的生成。其中,温度为40-80℃且添加分子筛(例如
Figure BDA0002981426800000021
分子筛)时,反应主要得到二氢菲啶类化合物3;温度为100-140℃时,反应 主要得到菲啶类化合物4。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,所述邻芳基苯胺类化合物1、炔酸酯类化合 物2、添加剂、酸与钌催化剂的投料摩尔比为1:1-1.5:0.1-0.4:1.5-2:0.025-0.075。
发明有益效果:
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:(1)合成过程简单,从邻芳基苯胺 类化合物和炔酸酯类化合物出发,在钌催化剂催化下,通过改变反应温度,高选 择性地合成了二氢菲啶或菲啶类化合物;(2)原料价廉易得,反应条件温和,操 作简便,底物的适用范围广。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明的上述内容做进一步详细说明,但不应该将此理解 为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实施例,凡基于本发明上述内容实现的技 术均属于本发明的范围。
实施例1
Figure BDA0002981426800000031
向15mL耐压管中依次加入1a(50.8mg,0.3mmol)、2a(44.1mg,0.45mmol)、 溶剂(2mL)、钌催化剂(0.015mmol)、添加剂(0.06mmol)、酸(0.6mmol) 和
Figure BDA0002981426800000032
分子筛(50mg),在氩气保护下将耐压管密封,并于一定温度下搅拌反应。 待反应结束后,用饱和NaHCO3溶液淬灭,抽滤,乙酸乙酯(10mL×3)萃取,合 并有机相并依次用水和饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,旋干,过硅胶 柱分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=20/1至石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10/1)得产物3a和/或4a。
通过改变反应的催化剂、添加剂、酸的种类、溶剂、温度及反应物之间的当 量比等反应条件,得到一系列的反应结果,见表1。
表1不同反应条件下3a和4a的合成a
Figure BDA0002981426800000033
Figure BDA0002981426800000041
实施例2
向15mL耐压管中依次加入1a(50.8mg,0.3mmol)、2a(44.1mg,0.45mmol)、 四氢呋喃(2mL)、二氯双(4-甲基异丙基苯基)钌(II)([Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2,9.2mg, 0.015mmol)、三氟甲烷磺酸银(15.4mg,0.06mmol)、醋酸(34.3μL,0.6mmol) 和
Figure BDA0002981426800000042
MS(50mg),然后在氩气保护下将耐压管密封,并置于60℃油浴中搅拌 反应24小时。待反应结束后,用饱和NaHCO3溶液淬灭,抽滤,乙酸乙酯(10mL ×3)萃取,合并有机相并依次用水和饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥, 旋干,过硅胶柱分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=20/1)得白色固体产物3a(50.5mg,63%)。 该化合物的表征数据为:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ7.73(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.68(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.32-7.23(m,3H),7.12(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),6.83(t,J=7.2 Hz,1H),6.72(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),4.93(s,1H),3.61(s,3H),2.85(d,J=15.2Hz,1H), 2.40(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),1.71(s,3H).13C{1H}NMR(CDCl3,100MHz):δ172.1, 143.0,138.9,130.8,129.1,127.7,127.5,123.4,123.3,122.8,121.3,119.3,116.0, 54.5,51.5,43.3,25.7.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C17H18NO2 268.1332; Found 268.1329.
实施例3
依照实施例2的方法和步骤,通过改变反应物1和2,合成出多种二氢菲啶 类化合物3,具体结果见表2。
表2各种二氢菲啶类化合物3的合成a,b
Figure BDA0002981426800000051
a反应条件:1(0.3mmol),2(0.45mmol),[Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2(0.015mmol),AgOTf(0.06mmol),AcOH(0.6mmol),
Figure BDA0002981426800000052
MS(50mg),THF(2mL),氩气氛围,60℃,24 h.b分离收率。
代表性产物表征数据如下:
Methyl 2-(8-methoxy-6-methyl-5,6-dihydrophenanthridin-6-yl)acetate(3d)
Yellowish solid(58.0mg,65%).1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ7.74(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.67(dd,J1=7.6Hz,J2=0.8Hz,1H),7.15(td,J1=7.6Hz,J2=1.2Hz,1H), 6.94(dd,J1=8.4 Hz,J2=2.4 Hz,1H),6.90(td,J1=7.6 Hz,J2=0.8 Hz,1H),6.86(d, J=2.4 Hz,1H),6.78(dd,J1=8.0 Hz,J2=0.8 Hz,1H),4.95(s,1H),3.89(s,3H), 3.70(s,3H),2.90(d,J=15.2 Hz,1H),2.46(d,J=14.8 Hz,1H),1.76(s,3H).13C{1H} NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz):δ172.1,159.3,142.1,140.6,128.2,124.2,123.8,122.6, 121.4,119.4,115.9,112.6,109.7,55.4,54.6,51.5,43.1,25.5.HRMS(ESI)m/z: [M+H]+Calcd for C18H20NO3298.1438;Found 298.1433.
Methyl 2-(8-fluoro-6-methyl-5,6-dihydrophenanthridin-6-yl)acetate(3g)
White solid(46.2 mg,54%).1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz):δ7.73-7.69(m,1H),7.63(d,J=7.6 Hz,1H),7.15-7.11(m,1H),7.03(td,J1=8.4 Hz,J2=2.8 Hz,1H),6.96 (dd,J1=9.6 Hz,J2=2.8 Hz,1H),6.88-6.84(m,1H),6.74(d,J=8.0 Hz,1H),4.92(s, 1H),3.65(s,3H),2.85(d,J=15.2 Hz,1H),2.40(d,J=15.2 Hz,1H),1.70(s,3H). 13C{1H}NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz):δ171.9,162.4(d,1JC-F=244.3 Hz),142.5,141.0 (d,3JC-F=6.6 Hz),129.1,127.1(d,4JC-F=3.8 Hz),124.6(d,3JC-F=8.8 Hz),123.1, 120.7,119.5,116.1,114.7(d,2JC-F=22.2 Hz),110.6(d,2JC-F=22.9 Hz),54.5(d, 4JC-F=2.7 Hz),51.6,42.9,25.5.19F NMR(CDCl3,376 MHz):δ-114.4(td,J1=10.2 Hz,J2=5.3 Hz).HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C17H17FNO2 286.1238;Found 286.1228.
Methyl 2-(8-bromo-6-methyl-5,6-dihydrophenanthridin-6-yl)acetate(3i)
Yellowish solid(59.2 mg,57%).1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz):δ7.64(d,J=7.2 Hz,1H),7.60(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H),7.44(dd,J1=8.4 Hz,J2=2.0 Hz,1H),7.37(d,J=2.0 Hz,1H),7.17-7.13(m,1H),6.87-6.83(m,1H),6.73(d,J=8.0 Hz,1H),4.94(s,1H), 3.64(s,3H),2.85(d,J=15.2 Hz,1H),2.40(d,J=15.2 Hz,1H),1.70(s,3H).13C{1H} NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz):δ171.8,142.9,140.8,133.7,129.9,129.6,126.7,124.5, 123.2,121.2,120.3,119.5,116.1,54.4,51.6,43.0,25.5.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+ Calcd for C17H17BrNO2346.0437;Found 346.0428.
Methyl 2-(6-methyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydrophenanthridin-6-yl)acetate (3j)
White solid(55.3 mg,55%).1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz):δ7.83(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H),7.71(d,J=8.0 Hz,1H),7.57(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H),7.48(s,1H),7.21-7.17(m,1H), 6.87(t,J=7.6 Hz,1H),6.76(d,J=8.0 Hz,1H),5.00(s,1H),3.65(s,3H),2.88(d,J =15.2 Hz,1H),2.45(d,J=15.2 Hz,1H),1.76(s,3H).13C{1H}NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz):δ171.7,143.5,139.2,134.4,130.4,129.1(q,2JC-F=32.1 Hz),124.5(q,3JC-F= 4.3 Hz),124.3(q,1JC-F=269.7 Hz),123.8,123.1,120.5(q,3JC-F=4.3 Hz),119.9, 119.5,116.2,54.5,51.6,43.2,25.6.19F NMR(CDCl3,565 MHz):δ-62.33(s).HRMS (ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd forC18H17F3NO2 336.1206;Found 336.1204.
Methyl 2-(6,8,9-trimethyl-5,6-dihydrophenanthridin-6-yl)acetate(3m)
Yellowish syrup(49.6 mg,56%).1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz):δ7.66(d,J=7.6 Hz,1H),7.52(s,1H),7.09(t,J=7.6 Hz,1H),7.00(s,1H),6.82(t,J=7.6 Hz,1H),6.70 (d,J=7.6 Hz,1H),4.90(s,1H),3.64(s,3H),2.84(d,J=15.2 Hz,1H),2.41(d,J= 15.2 Hz,1H),2.30(s,3H),2.28(s,3H),1.69(s,3H).13C{1H}NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz):δ172.2,142.9,136.7,135.9,135.8,128.6,128.3,124.7,123.9 122.9,121.3, 119.1,115.9,54.3,51.4,43.7,25.8,19.8,19.7.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C19H22NO2 296.1645;Found296.1646.
Methyl 2-(6-methyl-5,6-dihydrobenzo[j]phenanthridin-6-yl)acetate(3n)
Yellowish syrup(54.3 mg,57%).1H NMR(CDCl3,600 MHz):δ8.19(s,1H),7.90(dd,J1=7.8 Hz,J2=0.6 Hz,1H),7.85(d,J=7.8 Hz,1H),7.78(d,J=7.8 Hz,1H), 7.69(s,1H),7.46-7.40(m,2H),7.17(td,J1=7.8 Hz,J2=1.2 Hz,1H),6.91(td,J1= 7.8 Hz,J2=1.2 Hz,1H),6.78(dd,J1=7.8 Hz,J2=0.6 Hz,1H),5.01(s,1H),3.64(s, 3H),2.94(d,J=15.6 Hz,1H),2.51(d,J=15.0 Hz,1H),1.84(s,3H).13C{1H}NMR (CDCl3,150 MHz):δ172.1,143.4,138.5,133.0,132.8,129.3,129.1,127.9,127.8, 126.3,125.9,123.8,122.2,121.4,121.3,119.6,116.5,54.8,51.6,43.5,25.8.HRMS (ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcdfor C21H20NO2 318.1489;Found 318.1486.
Methyl 2-(2-methoxy-6-methyl-5,6-dihydrophenanthridin-6-yl)acetate(3p)
Brown syrup(58.0 mg,65%).1H NMR(CDCl3,600 MHz):δ7.71(d,J=7.8 Hz,1H),7.35-7.32(m,1H),7.29-7.26(m,3H),6.77(dd,J1=9.0 Hz,J2=3.0 Hz,1H),6.70(d, J=9.0 Hz,1H),4.76(br s,1H),3.82(s,3H),3.64(s,3H),2.85(d,J=15.0 Hz,1H), 2.38(d,J=15.6 Hz,1H),1.71(s,3H).13C{1H}NMR(CDCl3,150 MHz):δ172.2, 153.4,139.4,137.1,130.7,127.8,127.7,123.4,122.9,122.4,117.0,115.3,108.7, 55.9,54.7,51.5,42.7,25.4.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C18H20NO3 298.1438;Found 298.1434.
Methyl 2-(2-fluoro-6-methyl-5,6-dihydrophenanthridin-6-yl)acetate(3q)
Yellowish solid(43.7 mg,51%).1H NMR(CDCl3,600 MHz):δ7.66(d,J=7.8 Hz,1H),7.39(dd,J1=9.6 Hz,J2=3.0 Hz,1H),7.34(td,J1=7.2 Hz,J2=1.2 Hz,1H), 7.31(td,J1=7.8 Hz,J2=1.2 Hz,1H),7.27(t,J=7.2 Hz,1H),6.86(td,J1=8.4 Hz, J2=3.0Hz,1H),6.69(dd,J1=8.4 Hz,J2=4.8 Hz,1H),4.91(s,1H),3.65(s,3H), 2.84(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),2.39(d,J=15.0 Hz,1H),1.71(s,3H).13C{1H}NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz):δ172.1,157.1(d,1JC-F=234.0 Hz),139.2,130.0(d,4JC-F=2.2 Hz),128.2,127.8,123.5,123.0,122.4(d,3JC-F=7.2 Hz),116.8(d,3JC-F=7.9 Hz), 115.8(d,2JC-F=23.1 Hz),109.6(d,2JC-F=23.1 Hz),54.7,51.5,42.9,25.5.19F NMR (CDCl3,565 MHz):δ-125.2–-125.3(m).HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C17H17FNO2 286.1238;Found 286.1232.
Methyl 2-(6-butyl-5,6-dihydrophenanthridin-6-yl)acetate(3v)
Yellowish solid(52.9 mg,57%).1H NMR(CDCl3,600 MHz):δ7.77-7.56(m,1H),7.66(dd,J1=7.8 Hz,J2=1.2 Hz,1H),7.30(td,J1=7.8 Hz,J2=1.2 Hz,1H),7.24 (td,J1=7.2 Hz,J2=1.2 Hz,1H),7.17(dd,J1=7.8 Hz,J2=1.2 Hz,1H),7.11(td,J1=7.8 Hz,J2=1.2 Hz,1H),6.79(td,J1=7.2 Hz,J2=0.6 Hz,1H),6.69(dd,J1=7.8 Hz,J2=0.6 Hz,1H),4.79(s,1H),3.62(s,3H),2.88(d,J=15.0 Hz,1H),2.50(d,J= 15.0 Hz,1H),2.12-2.07(m,1H),1.90-1.84(m,1H),1.50-1.45(m,1H),1.33-1.24(m, 3H),0.86(t,J=7.2 Hz,3H).13C{1H}NMR(CDCl3,150 MHz):δ172.1,143.2, 136.6,131.5,129.2,127.5,127.1,124.4,123.1,122.6,120.2,118.7,115.6,58.0,51.5, 44.3,37.7,26.5,23.1,14.1.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C20H24NO2 310.1802;Found 310.1792.
Methyl 2-(6-phenethyl-5,6-dihydrophenanthridin-6-yl)acetate(3x)
Yellowish syrup(75.1 mg,70%).1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz):δ7.80(d,J=7.6 Hz,1H),7.68(d,J=7.2 Hz,1H),7.35-7.24(m,5H),7.17-7.10(m,4H),6.83-6.79(m, 1H),6.72(d,J=8.0 Hz,1H),4.93(s,1H),3.59(s,3H),2.93(d,J=15.2 Hz,1H), 2.88-2.80(m,1H),2.64-2.56(m,1H),2.51(d,J=15.2 Hz,1H),2.45-2.37(m,1H), 2.26-2.18(m,1H).13C{1H}NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz):δ172.0,143.2,142.4,136.1, 131.7,129.3,128.5,128.4,127.8,127.4,125.9,124.4,123.2,122.8,120.1,118.9, 115.7,58.1,51.6,44.4,39.9,30.9.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C24H24NO2 358.1802;Found 358.1800.
Ethyl 2-(6-methyl-5,6-dihydrophenanthridin-6-yl)acetate(3z)
Yellowish syrup(56.6mg,67%).1H NMR(CDCl3,600MHz):δ7.75(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.70(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.34-7.32(m,1H),7.27-7.25(m,2H),7.15-7.13(m, 1H),6.86(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.74(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.96(s,1H),4.13-4.09(m,2H), 2.86(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),2.41(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),1.73(s,3H),1.24(t,J=7.2Hz, 3H).13C{1H}NMR(CDCl3,150MHz):δ171.7,143.1,139.0,130.8,129.1,127.6, 127.5,123.5,123.3,122.8,121.3,119.3,116.0,60.5,54.6,43.6,25.7,14.2.HRMS (ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd forC18H20NO2 282.1489;Found 282.1486.
实施例4
向15mL耐压管中依次加入1a(50.8mg,0.3mmol)、2a(44.1mg,0.45mmol)、 四氢呋喃(2mL)、二氯双(4-甲基异丙基苯基)钌(II)([Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2,9.2mg, 0.015mmol)、三氟甲烷磺酸银(15.4mg,0.06mmol)和醋酸(34.3μL,0.6mmol), 然后在氩气保护下将耐压管密封,并置于120℃油浴中搅拌反应24小时。待反 应结束后,用饱和NaHCO3溶液淬灭,抽滤,乙酸乙酯(10mL×3)萃取,合并有 机相并依次用水和饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,旋干,过硅胶柱分 离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10/1)得白色固体产物4a(34.8mg,60%)。该化合物的表 征数据为:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ8.58(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.50(dd,J1=8.0Hz,J2=1.2Hz,1H),8.18(dd,J1=8.0Hz,J2=0.8Hz,1H),8.09(dd,J1=8.0Hz,J2=0.8Hz,1H),7.82-7.78(m,1H),7.71-7.64(m,2H),7.61-7.57(m,1H),3.02(s,3H). 13C{1H}NMR(CDCl3,150MHz):δ158.9,143.7,132.6,130.5,129.4,128.7,127.3, 126.5,126.3,125.9,123.8,122.3,122.0,23.4.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C14H12N 194.0964;Found194.0963.
实施例5
依照实施例4的方法和步骤,通过改变反应物1和2,合成出多种菲啶类化 合物4,具体结果见表3。
表3各种菲啶类化合物4的合成a,b
Figure BDA0002981426800000101
a反应条件:1(0.3mmol),2(0.45mmol),[Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2(0.015mmol), AgOTf(0.06mmol),AcOH(0.6mmol),THF(2mL),氩气氛围,120℃,24h. b分离收率。
代表性产物表征数据如下:
6,8-Dimethylphenanthridine(4b)
Yellowish solid(37.9mg,61%).1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ8.45-8.42(m,2H),8.07(dd,J1=8.0Hz,J2=0.4Hz,1H),7.91(s,1H),7.67-7.63(m,1H),7.60-7.54(m, 2H),2.98(s,3H),2.56(s,3H).13C{1H}NMR(CDCl3,100MHz):δ158.6,143.4, 137.2,132.1,130.3,129.3,128.2,126.2,126.04,126.01,123.9,122.2,121.8,23.4, 21.8.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C15H14N 208.1121;Found 208.1120.
8-Methoxy-6-methylphenanthridine(4d)
Yellowish solid(37.5mg,56%).1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ8.53(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.46(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),8.11(dd,J1=8.4Hz,J2=0.8Hz,1H),7.70-7.66(m, 1H),7.64-7.60(m,1H),7.51-7.46(m,2H),4.01(s,3H),3.03(s,3H).13C{1H}NMR (CDCl3,100MHz):δ158.6,157.9,142.9,129.3,127.6,127.2,126.8,126.4,124.0, 123.9,121.5,120.7,106.8,55.5,23.5.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C15H14NO 224.1070;Found 224.1067.
8-Fluoro-6-methylphenanthridine(4g)
Yellowish solid(36.8 mg,58%).1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz):δ8.54(dd,J1=9.2Hz, J2=5.2 Hz,1H),8.41(d,J=8.0 Hz,1H),8.08(d,J=8.0 Hz,1H),7.77(dd,J1=9.6Hz,J2=2.4 Hz,1H),7.71-7.67(m,1H),7.62-7.58(m,1H),7.56-7.51(m,1H),2.96 (s,3H).13C{1H}NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz):δ161.3(d,1JC-F=247.0 Hz),157.9(d, 4JC-F=3.6 Hz),143.4,129.5,129.2(d,4JC-F=2.1 Hz),128.5,127.1(d,3JC-F=7.2 Hz), 126.7,124.9(d,3JC-F=8.6 Hz),123.3,121.7,119.5(d,2JC-F=23.8 Hz),111.1(d, 2JC-F=21.0 Hz),23.4.19F NMR(CDCl3,376 MHz):δ-112.0(td,J1=9.8 Hz,J2=5.6 Hz).HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C14H11FN 212.0870;Found 212.0868.
8-Bromo-6-methylphenanthridine(4i)
Yellowish solid(53.9 mg,66%).1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz):δ8.38-8.33(m,2H),8.24(d,J=2.0 Hz,1H),8.05(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H),7.82(dd,J1=8.8 Hz,J2=2.0 Hz, 1H),7.72-7.68(m,1H),7.58(t,J=8.0 Hz,1H),2.94(s,3H).13C{1H}NMR(CDCl3, 100 MHz):δ157.6,143.6,133.5,131.2,129.5,129.04,129.02,127.1,126.7,124.1, 123.1,121.8,121.3,23.3.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C14H11BrN 272.0069; Found 272.0066.
6,8,9-Trimethylphenanthridine(4l)
White solid(33.9 mg,51%).1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz):δ8.46(d,J=8.0 Hz,1H),8.30(s,1H),8.05(d,J=8.0 Hz,1H),7.89(s,1H),7.64(t,J=7.6 Hz,1H),7.56(t,J =7.6 Hz,1H),2.98(s,3H),2.51(s,3H),2.47(s,3H).13C{1H}NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz):δ158.4,143.6,140.3,136.7,130.9,129.3,128.0,126.6,126.0,124.6,123.7, 122.5,121.8,23.3,20.7,20.3.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C16H16N 222.1277;Found 222.1274.
2-Methoxy-6-methylphenanthridine(4n)
Brown solid(41.5 mg,62%).1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz):δ8.49(d,J=8.0 Hz,1H),8.15(d,J=8.0 Hz,1H),8.00(d,J=8.8 Hz,1H),7.83(d,J=2.8 Hz,1H),7.80-7.76 (m,1H),7.67-7.63(m,1H),7.32(dd,J1=8.8 Hz,J2=2.4 Hz,1H),3.98(s,3H),2.98 (s,3H).13C{1H}NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz):δ157.9,156.2,139.0,132.1,130.7,130.0, 127.3,126.5,126.0,124.7,122.3,118.3,103.1,55.6,23.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+ Calcd for C15H14NO224.1070;Found 224.1068.
3,6-Dimethylphenanthridine(4q)
Yellowish solid(37.9 mg,61%).1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz):δ8.53(d,J=8.0 Hz,1H),8.37(d,J=8.0 Hz,1H),8.15(d,J=8.0 Hz,1H),7.88(s,1H),7.77(t,J=7.6 Hz,1H),7.61(t,J=7.6 Hz,1H),7.41(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H),3.00(s,3H),2.56(s,3H). 13C{1H}NMR(CDCl3,150 MHz):δ158.8,143.9,138.7,132.7,130.4,129.0,128.0, 126.8,126.5,125.6,122.1,121.8,121.4,23.4,21.6.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C15H14N208.1121;Found 208.1122.
3-Chloro-6-methylphenanthridine(4r)
White solid(30.7 mg,45%).1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz):δ8.50(d,J=8.0 Hz,1H),8.38(d,J=8.8 Hz,1H),8.18(d,J=8.0 Hz,1H),8.06(d,J=2.0 Hz,1H),7.82(t,J= 8.0Hz,1H),7.68(t,J=8.0 Hz,1H),7.53(dd,J1=8.8 Hz,J2=2.0 Hz,1H),3.00(s, 3H).13C{1H}NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz):δ160.2,144.4,134.2,132.1,130.8,128.7, 127.6,126.8,126.6,125.8,123.3,122.25,122.21,23.4.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+ Calcd for C14H11ClN228.0575;Found 228.0582.
6-Butylphenanthridine(4t)
Yellowish syrup(37.4 mg,53%).1H NMR(CDCl3,600 MHz):δ8.61(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H),8.52-8.51(m,1H),8.23(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H),8.12(dd,J1=7.8 Hz,J2=0.6 Hz, 1H),7.81-7.78(m,1H),7.71-7.65(m,2H),7.61-7.58(m,1H),3.36(t,J=7.8 Hz, 2H),1.93-1.88(m,2H),1.59-1.53(m,2H),1.00(t,J=7.2 Hz,3H).13C{1H}NMR (CDCl3,150 MHz):δ162.5,143.8,133.0,130.3,129.6,128.6,127.2,126.4,126.3, 125.3,123.7,122.5,121.9,36.2,31.8,23.2,14.1.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C17H18N 236.1434;Found236.1437.
6-Phenethylphenanthridine(4v)
Yellowish solid(56.1 mg,66%).1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz):δ8.63(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H),8.54(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H),8.24(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H),8.15(d,J=8.0 Hz,1H),7.81 (t,J=8.0 Hz,1H),7.74-7.60(m,3H),7.38-7.30(m,4H),7.24-7.21(m,1H), 3.69-3.65(m,2H),3.31-3.27(m,2H).13C{1H}NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz):δ161.0, 143.8,142.1,133.0,130.4,129.7,128.7,128.6,128.5,127.4,126.5,126.1,126.0, 125.3,123.7,122.6,122.0,37.9,35.0.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C21H18N 284.1434;Found 284.1432.
实施例6
本发明所合成的产物菲啶类化合物4可以进行一系列反应,从而合成进一步 的衍生物。例如:
Figure BDA0002981426800000131
向10mL反应瓶中依次加入4a(38.6mg,0.2mmol)、SeO2(39.9mg,0.36 mmol)、1,4-二氧六环(3.2mL)和水(0.2mL),将此混合物置于油浴中回流搅 拌5小时。反应结束后,旋干溶剂,然后向反应瓶中加入二氯甲烷CH2Cl2(10mL), 抽滤。滤液用水(20mL×3)洗涤,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,抽滤,旋干,过硅 胶柱分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=20/1)得到白色固体5(22.0mg,53%)。该化合物 的表征数据如下:1H NMR(CDCl3,600MHz):δ10.4(s,1H),9.38-9.37(m,1H), 8.61(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.57-8.55(m,1H),8.30-8.29(m,1H),7.88-7.85(m,1H), 7.82-7.77(m,2H),7.77-7.74(m,1H).13C{1H}NMR(CDCl3,150MHz):δ195.7, 150.2,143.3,133.4,131.3,131.2,129.9,129.2,128.7,126.9,125.6,123.5,122.2, 121.9.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C14H10NO 208.0757;Found 208.0758.
Figure BDA0002981426800000132
向10mL反应瓶中依次加入4a(38.6mg,0.2mmol)、I2(10.2mg,0.04mmol)、 NH4F(29.6mg,0.8mmol)、TBHP(质量分数70%的水溶液,309.0mg,2.4mmol) 和二甲亚砜(0.5mL),将此混合物在氧气氛围中于70℃油浴中搅拌48小时。 反应结束后,旋干溶剂,过硅胶柱分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10/1)得到浅黄色固 体6(28.6mg,70%)。该化合物的表征数据如下:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ 8.64(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.59-8.57(m,1H),8.42(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.25-8.23(m, 1H),8.00-7.96(m,1H),7.87-7.82(m,3H).13C{1H}NMR(CDCl3,150MHz):δ 143.5,135.7,132.6,132.2,131.0,130.0,129.7,128.8,126.6,125.3,124.7,122.4, 122.2,115.8.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C14H9N2 205.0760;Found205.0757.
Figure BDA0002981426800000141
向50mL反应瓶中加入4a(38.6mg,0.2mmol)和二氯甲烷(5mL),待其 完全溶解,向反应瓶中缓慢滴加三氟甲磺酸甲酯(67.9μL,0.6mmol),然后将此 混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。反应结束后,抽滤,将所得的沉淀物,用***洗涤并 在真空下干燥,得到白色固体7(153.7mg,86%)。该化合物的表征数据如下: 1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):δ9.16(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),8.93(d,J=8.4Hz,1H), 8.65(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.37(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),8.15-8.05(m,3H),4.60(s,3H), 3.46(s,3H).13C{1H}NMR(DMSO-d6,150MHz):δ166.4,137.3,135.5,133.7, 132.2,131.2,130.7,130.1,125.02,124.96,124.9,123.9,121.2(q,JC-F=320.3Hz), 120.6,41.8,20.1.19F NMR(DMSO-d6,565MHz):δ-77.7(s).HRMS(ESI)m/z: [M-OTf]+Calcd for C15H14N 208.1121;Found 208.1120.
Figure BDA0002981426800000142
向10mL反应瓶中依次加入水杨醛(32.0μL,0.3mmol)、甲醇(1.5mL)和 六氢吡啶(29.7μL,0.3mmol),将该混合物加热至回流。将7(107.2mg,0.3mmol) 溶于甲醇(1.5mL)中,并将所得溶液在80分钟内分四次加入到上述回流的混 合物中,加入完成后,再回流1小时,然后冷却至室温并搅拌过夜。反应结束后, 抽滤,得到白色固体8(83.1mg,89%)。该化合物的表征数据如下:1H NMR (DMSO-d6,400MHz):δ8.18-8.11(m,2H),7.53-7.50(m,1H),7.43-7.38(m,3H), 7.29(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.19(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),7.11-7.04(m,3H),6.88(t,J=7.2 Hz,1H),6.49(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),6.04(d,J=10.4Hz,1H),3.12(s,3H).13C{1H} NMR(DMSO-d6,150MHz):δ152.4,141.3,131.9,130.6,130.1,129.5,128.7,128.3, 128.0,127.7,127.5,123.6,123.5,122.6,120.9,120.1,119.7,118.9,115.4,114.5,91.6,33.5.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C22H18NO 312.1383;Found 312.1388.
以上实施例描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征及优点。本行业的技术人员 应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说 明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明原理的范围下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进, 这些变化和改进均落入本发明保护的范围内。

Claims (10)

1.选择性合成二氢菲啶3或菲啶类化合物4的方法,其特征在于,包括如下操作:邻芳基苯胺类化合物1与炔酸酯类化合物2,在钌催化剂、添加剂和酸存在下,有机溶剂中升温反应得到二氢菲啶类化合物3或菲啶类化合物4;反应方程式为:
Figure FDA0002981426790000011
其中,R1为氢、卤素、三氟甲基、苄氧基、C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基,R2为氢、卤素、三氟甲基、苄氧基、C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基,R3为C1-6链状烷基或C1-6链状取代烷基,R4为C1-4烷基。
2.根据权利要求1所述选择性合成二氢菲啶3或菲啶类化合物4的方法,其特征在于:所述取代基中,卤素选自氟、氯、溴或碘。
3.根据权利要求1所述选择性合成二氢菲啶3或菲啶类化合物4的方法,其特征在于:所述钌催化剂为[Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2
4.根据权利要求1所述选择性合成二氢菲啶3或菲啶类化合物4的方法,其特征在于:所述添加剂为六氟锑酸银、三氟甲烷磺酸银、四氟硼酸银或双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺银盐。
5.根据权利要求4所述选择性合成二氢菲啶3或菲啶类化合物4的方法,其特征在于:合成二氢菲啶类化合物3时,添加剂为三氟甲烷磺酸银或四氟硼酸银;合成菲啶类化合物4时,添加剂为三氟甲烷磺酸银。
6.根据权利要求1所述选择性合成二氢菲啶3或菲啶类化合物4的方法,其特征在于:所述酸为醋酸、特戊酸、三氟甲磺酸、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酸、三氟乙酸、苯甲酸或氯乙酸。
7.根据权利要求1所述选择性合成二氢菲啶3或菲啶类化合物4的方法,其特征在于:合成二氢菲啶类化合物3时,溶剂为四氢呋喃或乙二醇二甲醚;合成菲啶类化合物4时,溶剂为四氢呋喃。
8.根据权利要求1所述选择性合成二氢菲啶3或菲啶类化合物4的方法,其特征在于:反应温度为40-140℃,升高温度有利于菲啶类化合物4的生成。
9.根据权利要求8所述选择性合成二氢菲啶3或菲啶类化合物4的方法,其特征在于:反应温度为40-80℃并添加分子筛时,反应主要得到二氢菲啶类化合物3;反应温度为100-140℃时,反应主要得到菲啶类化合物4。
10.根据权利要求1-9任意一项所述选择性合成二氢菲啶3或菲啶类化合物4的方法,其特征在于:所述邻芳基苯胺类化合物1、炔酸酯类化合物2、添加剂、酸与钌催化剂的投料摩尔比为1:1-1.5:0.1-0.4:1.5-2:0.025-0.075。
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