CN113039990A - Kiwi fruit shaping method - Google Patents
Kiwi fruit shaping method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113039990A CN113039990A CN202110368724.1A CN202110368724A CN113039990A CN 113039990 A CN113039990 A CN 113039990A CN 202110368724 A CN202110368724 A CN 202110368724A CN 113039990 A CN113039990 A CN 113039990A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/06—Trellis-work
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a actinidia arguta shaping method which comprises the steps of (1) building a U-shaped frame; (2) planting actinidia arguta; (3) culturing the trunk; (4) culturing the main vines; (5) culturing fruiting mother vines; (6) and (5) culturing the fruit mother vines again. Compared with a flat shed frame and a low hedge frame which are commonly used in actinidia arguta production, the U-shaped frame fully utilizes space, soil fertility and photo-thermal resources, the fruiting frame surface can be improved by more than one time, the pruning method is innovated, fruiting branches and tendrils can be fully distributed on the frame surface in 2-3 years, the yield can be doubled theoretically, and the actinidia arguta can enter a high-yield period 1-2 years earlier.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a actinidia arguta shaping method.
Background
Kiwifruit is a perennial deciduous vine fruit tree originating in china, belongs to the genus actinidia (actinodialindl) of the family Actinidiaceae (actinodiaceae), and has 75 classification units in total, including 54 varieties and 21 varieties (yellow macrostem, 2013). The cultivars produced are mainly derived from the original variety of actinidia chinensis (actiniaschinesporan. var. chinensis) and the cultivars of actinidia kolomikta (a. chinensis. var. deliciosa. chev.) as well as actinidia arguta (a. arguta et al, 2015).
Actinidia arguta is a kind of Actinidia, the fruit is similar to jujube, smaller, and has soft meat quality, also called Actinidia arguta, and is mainly distributed in North China, northeast China, northwest China and high altitude areas of Yangtze river basin. The actinidia arguta has the characteristics of smooth fruit surface, edible peel, instant eating and the like, so that the actinidia arguta is more and more favored by consumers.
At present, shed frame and low hedge frame cultivation are commonly used in actinidia arguta production, the yield per mu is only about 500kg, the yield is too low, and the economic benefit is seriously influenced. On the other hand, as for 2018 due to the limitation of ecological environment and climatic soil conditions, the domestic actinidia arguta planting area is about 2800hm2The yield is only about 1000 tons, and the market demand can not be met far away.
Therefore, how to increase the yield of actinidia arguta is a problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a actinidia arguta shaping method to solve the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a actinidia arguta shaping method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) build U-shaped frame
Arranging upright posts with holes according to the space of 5-7m and the row spacing of 2-4m, fixing transverse pipes at the middle upper parts of adjacent upright posts in the vertical row direction by welding or using clamps, fixing first longitudinal pipes at the top ends of adjacent upright posts in the parallel row direction by welding or using clamps, fixing second longitudinal pipes at the middle parts of the adjacent transverse pipes by welding or using clamps, fixing bow pipes at the intersection points of the upright posts and the first longitudinal pipes and at the two intersection points of the transverse pipes and the adjacent second longitudinal pipes by welding, fixing U frames with holes on the middle lower parts of the upright posts and the transverse pipes on the two sides of the upright posts by welding, and finally performing layer-by-layer wire drawing through small holes of the upright posts and the U frames to obtain a U-shaped frame;
(2) actinidia arguta fixed planting
Planting 3 plants between two adjacent columns by adopting a 2m multiplied by 3m plant row spacing, and planting 112 plants per mu;
(3) culturing the trunk
After field planting, selecting 2-4 full buds on the upper part of a grafting port, cutting the buds at a position 2cm above a cut port, after the buds sprout, keeping a new robust growing tip when the tender tip grows to 15cm, and timely guiding the new strong growing tip to a stand column to enable the new strong growing tip to grow upwards quickly to serve as a later trunk for culturing;
(4) culturing main vine
When the young shoots grow to be 20cm higher than the first drawn wire, pinching at a position 2cm above full buds of 10cm below the first drawn wire, promoting the buds 2-3 below a cut to germinate after pinching, selecting one of the strong and upward-growing branches as a trunk of a second layer of frame surface, and horizontally binding the rest young shoots along the opposite direction to be used as main vines of the first layer for culture;
(5) culturing fruit mother vine
When the horizontally bound main vines grow to 25-30cm, pinching at 16.5cm, selecting a pinching position at 2cm at the front ends of full buds to promote the main vines to quickly germinate side branches, selecting and reserving 3 robust branches after pinching, taking one branch as a main spreading long branch which horizontally grows forwards with heads, horizontally binding the other two side branches along a direction perpendicular to the main vines, culturing the branch as a fruit bearing main vine in the next year, horizontally binding the fruit bearing main vine on drawn wires at two sides of a U-shaped frame when the fruit bearing main vine grows to 50cm, pinching at 40cm, repeatedly pinching secondary tips which germinate again later, and then carrying out secondary tip picking on the fruit bearing main vine;
(6) re-culturing fruiting mother vine
When the main vines continuously growing horizontally forward grow to 40-45cm again, pinching at a position 50cm away from the main trunk, culturing a group of fruiting mother vines and prolonged vines, pinching at a position 33.3cm away from the upper group of fruiting mother vines when the prolonged vines grow to 50cm again, and selecting and reserving 2 robust branches and vines to be bound on a drawn wire vertical to the main vines in parallel; finally, a group of fruiting mother vines are cultured on the horizontal main vines every 33.3cm, 6 groups of fruiting mother vines and 12 fruiting mother vines are cultured on each layer of each plant, and the fruiting mother vines are uniformly distributed on the main vines;
(7) the whole operation method of other layers is the same as the steps (3) - (6), the main vines and the fruit mother vines which are cultured later are fixed, and the fruit branches which are sent out from the fruit mother vines are cut off only in winter.
The invention has the advantages that the limitation of land area is overcome, the space development is carried out, the result area can be improved by more than one time, the yield can be improved by one time or even higher theoretically, the pruning management after the tree formation is convenient, the mechanization, the simplification and the standardization are easy, and the important requirement of industrial development can be met.
Further, in the step (1), the upright posts and the U frame are respectively provided with a plurality of small holes with the spacing of 0.4-0.6m, preferably 0.5m, the positions of the small holes horizontally correspond to each other, and the steel wires penetrate through the small holes and are fixed between the adjacent upright posts and the U frame in the parallel row direction.
Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to lie in, select 12 # galvanized steel wires, the thickness is 2.6 mm. 7 lines of wire drawing are respectively arranged on the upright post and two ends of the U-shaped frame, the distance between the two lines of wire drawing is 0.7m, 1.2m, 1.7m, 2.2m, 2.7m, 3.2m and 3.7m from the ground, and the distance between each line of wire drawing is 50 cm. When the row length exceeds 30m, the wire tightener is used for tightening and is fixed on the side column. The kiwi fruit branches and tendrils are uniformly distributed on the frame surface of the wall of the U-shaped frame, and all the drawn wires at the two ends of each upright post on the frame surface are fixed by using the fastening buckles, so that the drawn wires are not loosened among the upright posts, and the branches and tendrils and fruits are supported.
Further, in the step (1), the U-shaped frame further comprises a cement column base, the diameter of the cement column base is 30-50cm, preferably 40cm, and the height of the cement column base is 50-70cm, preferably 60 cm; the cement column base is inserted in the soil, and the upright column is inserted in the cement column base. Furthermore, the upright column adopts a galvanized round pipe with the diameter of 3-5cm, preferably 4cm, or a galvanized square pipe with the diameter of (3-5) cm multiplied by (5-7) cm, preferably 4cm multiplied by 6 cm; the total length of the upright post is 4-6m, preferably 5 m; the length of the column inserted in the soil or the cement column base is 0.4-0.6m, preferably 0.5 m.
The concrete column has the further beneficial effects that the column is inserted into the cement column foundation through the arrangement of the cement column foundation, or a slightly thin steel pipe is prefabricated with the column foundation, then the column is sleeved into the thin steel pipe, holes are formed in the steel pipe, the steel pipe is fixed by screws, and when the land is large (the row length exceeds 30m), the columns on the periphery are reinforced by inclined struts or ground anchor lines, so that the stability of the column is ensured.
Further, in the step (1), the transverse tube is made of square steel with the length of (3-5) cm multiplied by (3-5) cm, and is preferably 4cm multiplied by 4 cm; the distance between the transverse tube and the ground is 3.2-4.2m, preferably 3.7 m.
Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to lie in, link to each other U type frame upper portion and violently manage, violently manage upper portion simultaneously and can weld the bow-shaped pole, violently manage the complete circle and link up, stabilized the frame shape.
Further, in the step (1), the first longitudinal pipe and the second longitudinal pipe are made of rectangular steel of (1-3) cm × (3-5) cm, preferably 2cm × 4 cm.
Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to lie in, first vertical pipe and second are used for the welding of bow-rod, support bow-rod to and the installation of the sunshade net of being convenient for.
Further, in the step (1), the arch pipe is an arch round pipe (6 branched pipe), an arch plastic steel bar (solid) or a ridge-shaped galvanized steel wire (No. 8), and the interval is respectively 2.0m, 1.5m and 1.0-1.5 m.
The kiwi fruit orchard further has the beneficial effects that the kiwi fruit is afraid of high temperature and strong light, and the arched pipe is covered with a sunshade net (the service life is more than 3 years) with about 70% of light transmittance and excellent quality so as to reduce the temperature of the orchard garden and weaken strong light irradiation. The sunshade net is fixed on the bow pipe by using a film pressing line, or film shaking rods are arranged on two sides of the sunshade net, so that the sunshade net is convenient to fold and unfold.
Furthermore, in the step (1), the U frame is galvanized rectangular steel with the thickness of (1-3) cm multiplied by (3-5) cm, and preferably 2cm multiplied by 4 cm; the height of the U frame is 2.5-3.5m, preferably 3 m; the width of the U frame is 0.6-1.0m, preferably 0.8 m.
The adopted further beneficial effects are that the U frame is perforated with steel wires every 0.5cm and used for binding the fruit mother vines of the actinidia arguta, so that fruit branches and vines are uniformly distributed, meanwhile, the branch vines are prevented from sagging, the friction damage of fruits and blades is reduced, the U frame supports and fixes the multilayer fruit mother vines, and the yield is improved.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the common flat shed frame and low hedge frame in actinidia arguta production, the U-shaped frame fully utilizes space, soil fertility and photo-thermal resources, not only can improve the fruiting frame surface by more than one time, but also can enable branches and tendrils to be fully distributed on the frame surface in 2-3 years through innovation of a shaping and trimming method, theoretically can realize double yield, and can enter a high-yield period 1-2 years ahead of time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a U-shaped frame provided by the invention.
The concrete column comprises 1-upright columns, 2-transverse tubes, 3-first longitudinal tubes, 4-second longitudinal tubes, 5-arch tubes, 6-U frames, 7-cement column bases and 8-small holes.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a U-shaped frame, which comprises a plurality of upright posts 1, a plurality of transverse tubes 2, a plurality of first longitudinal tubes 3, a plurality of second longitudinal tubes 4, a plurality of bow tubes 5, a plurality of U-shaped frames 6 and a plurality of steel wires (not shown in the figure); wherein: the lower ends of the upright columns 1 are inserted into soil, the distance between every two adjacent upright columns 1 is 6m, and the line spacing is 3 m; the transverse pipe 2 is fixed on the middle upper part of the adjacent upright post 1 by welding or clamping, is parallel to the ground and is vertical to the row direction; the first longitudinal pipe 3 is fixed at the top end of the adjacent upright post 1 by welding or clamping, is parallel to the ground and is parallel to the row direction; the second longitudinal pipe 4 is fixed in the middle of the adjacent transverse pipe 2 by welding or clamping, is parallel to the ground and is parallel to the row direction; the middle part of the bow pipe 5 is fixed at the intersection point of the upright post 1 and the first longitudinal pipe 3 through welding, and the two ends of the bow pipe 5 are respectively fixed at the intersection point of the transverse pipe 2 and the second longitudinal pipe 4 through welding; the middle part of the U frame 6 is fixed on the middle lower part of the upright post 1 by welding, and the two ends of the U frame 6 are respectively fixed on the transverse pipe 2 by welding; all be equipped with a plurality of apertures 7 on stand 1 and the U frame 6, and the position level of aperture 7 corresponds, and the steel wire passes aperture 7 to be fixed between adjacent stand 1 and adjacent U frame 6. The U-shaped frame overcomes the limitation of land area, develops towards space, can improve the result area by more than one time, theoretically can improve the yield by one time or even higher, is convenient to trim and manage after tree formation, is easy to mechanize, simplify and standardize, and can meet the important requirement of industrial development.
In one embodiment, the U-shaped frame further comprises a cement column base, the diameter of the cement column base is 40cm, and the height of the cement column base is 60 cm; the cement column base is inserted in the soil, and the upright column 1 is inserted in the cement column base. In another embodiment, the cement column base is 30cm in diameter and 50cm in height. In other embodiments, the cement column base is 50cm in diameter and 70cm in height.
In one embodiment, the upright column 1 adopts a galvanized round pipe with the diameter of 4 cm; the total length of the upright post 1 is 5 m; the length of the upright column 1 inserted in the soil or the cement column base is 0.5 m. In another embodiment, the upright column 1 adopts a galvanized round pipe with the diameter of 5 cm; the total length of the upright post 1 is 4; the length of the upright column 1 inserted in the soil or the cement column base is 0.4 m. In another embodiment, the upright column 1 adopts a galvanized square tube with the length of 4cm multiplied by 6 cm; the total length of the upright post 1 is 6 m; the length of the upright column 1 inserted in the soil or the cement column base is 0.6 m. According to the invention, through the arrangement of the cement column base, the upright columns 1 are inserted into the cement column base, or a slightly thin steel pipe is prefabricated with the column base, then the upright columns 1 are sleeved into the thin steel pipe, holes are punched, the thin steel pipe is fixed by screws, and when the land mass is large (the row length exceeds 30m), the upright columns 1 on the periphery are reinforced by inclined struts or ground anchor lines, so that the stability of the upright columns 1 is ensured.
In one embodiment, the cross tube 2 is made of square steel with the length of 4cm × 4 cm; the cross tube 2 is 3.7m from the ground. In another embodiment, the cross tube 2 is made of 3cm × 3cm square steel; the cross tube 2 is 3.2 distance from the ground. In other embodiments, the cross tube 2 is made of square steel of 5cm × 5 cm; the cross tube 2 is 4.2m from the ground. The upper part of the U-shaped frame is connected with the transverse pipe, the upper part of the transverse pipe can be welded with an arch bar, the transverse pipe is communicated in a whole circle, and the shape of the frame is stabilized.
In one embodiment, the first longitudinal pipe 3 and the second longitudinal pipe 4 are made of 2cm × 4cm rectangular steel. In another embodiment, the first longitudinal pipe 3 and the second longitudinal pipe 4 are made of rectangular steel of 1cm × 3 cm. In other embodiments, the first longitudinal pipe 3 and the second longitudinal pipe 4 are made of 3cm × 5cm rectangular steel. The first longitudinal pipe and the second longitudinal pipe are used for welding the bow rod, supporting the bow rod and facilitating installation of the sunshade net.
In one embodiment, the bow tube 5 is an arched round tube (6 tubes) with the interval of 2.0 m. In another embodiment, the bow 5 is made of bow-shaped plastic steel bars (solid) with a spacing of 1.5 m. In other embodiments, the bow pipe 5 is made of zinc-plated steel wire (No. 8) in the shape of a ridge at intervals of 1.2 m. The kiwi fruit is afraid of high temperature and strong light, and the arched tube 5 is covered with a sunshade net (the service life is more than 3 years) with about 70% of light transmittance and excellent quality so as to reduce the temperature of the orchard and weaken the strong light irradiation. The sunshade net is fixed on the bow pipe 5 by using a film pressing line, or film shaking rods are arranged on two sides of the sunshade net, so that the sunshade net is convenient to fold and unfold.
In one embodiment, the U frame 6 is made of 2cm × 4cm galvanized rectangular steel; the height of the U frame 6 is 3 m; the width of the U frame 6 is 0.8 m. In another embodiment, the U frame 6 is made of 1cm × 3cm galvanized rectangular steel; the height of the U frame 6 is 2.5 m; the width of the U frame 6 is 0.6. In one embodiment, the U frame 6 is made of 3cm × 5cm galvanized rectangular steel; the height of the U frame 6 is 3.5 m; the width of the U frame 6 is 1.0 m. The U-shaped frame is perforated every 0.5cm and is used for binding the fruit mother vines of the actinidia arguta, so that the fruit branch vines are uniformly distributed, meanwhile, the branch vines are prevented from sagging, the friction damage of the fruits and the leaves is reduced, the U-shaped frame supports and fixes the multilayer fruit mother vines, and the yield is improved
In one embodiment, the pitch of the apertures 7 is 0.5 m. In another embodiment, the pitch of the apertures 7 is 0.4 m. In other embodiments, the pitch of the apertures 7 is 0.6 m. No. 12 galvanized steel wires with the thickness of 2.6mm are selected. 7 drawn wires are respectively arranged on the upright post 1 and two ends of the U-shaped frame 6, the distances between the drawn wires and the ground are 0.7m, 1.2m, 1.7m, 2.2m, 2.7m, 3.2m and 3.7m, and the distance between each drawn wire and the ground is 50 cm. When the row length exceeds 30m, the wire tightener is used for tightening and is fixed on the side column. The kiwi fruit branches and tendrils are uniformly distributed on the frame surface of the wall of the U-shaped frame hedge, all the drawn wires at the two ends of each upright post 1 on the frame surface are fixed by using fastening buckles (not shown in the figure), so that the drawn wires are not loosened among the upright posts 1, and the branches and tendrils and fruits are supported.
Example 1
A actinidia arguta shaping method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) build U-shaped frame
Arranging upright posts with holes according to the space of 5m and the line space of 2m, fixing transverse pipes at the middle upper parts of adjacent upright posts in the vertical line direction by welding or using clips, fixing first longitudinal pipes at the top ends of adjacent upright posts in the parallel line direction by welding or using clips, fixing second longitudinal pipes at the middle parts of the adjacent transverse pipes by welding or using clips, fixing bow pipes at the intersection points of the upright posts and the first longitudinal pipes and at the two intersection points of the transverse pipes and the adjacent second longitudinal pipes by welding, fixing U frames with holes on the middle lower parts of the upright posts and the transverse pipes on the two sides of the upright posts by welding, and finally performing layer-by-layer wire drawing through small holes of the upright posts and the U frames to obtain the U-shaped frame;
(2) actinidia arguta fixed planting
Planting 3 plants between two adjacent columns by adopting a 2m multiplied by 3m plant row spacing, and planting 112 plants per mu;
(3) culturing the trunk
After field planting, selecting 2 full buds at the upper part of a grafting port, cutting the buds at a position 2cm above a cut port, after the buds sprout, keeping a new strong-growing tip when the tender tip grows to 15cm, and timely guiding the new strong-growing tip to a stand column to enable the new strong-growing tip to grow upwards quickly to serve as a later trunk for culturing;
(4) culturing main vine
When the young shoots grow to be 20cm higher than the first drawn wire, pinching at a position 2cm above full buds of 10cm below the first drawn wire, promoting the buds 2cm below a cut to germinate after pinching, selecting one of the strong and upward-growing branches as a trunk of a second layer of frame surface, and horizontally binding the rest of the young shoots along the opposite direction to be used as a main vine of the first layer for culture;
after the trunk is pinched, the tree vigor is weaker, and only 1 branch and vine germinates; after 1 branch and vine germinates, the branch and vine is horizontally bound to the drawing wire towards one side, the base part is arched, the top end advantage is utilized to promote buds at the arched angle to germinate as soon as possible, the germinated branch and vine is used as a main vine at the other side to be cultured, and the germinated branch and vine at the arched angle at the other side is used as a main vine to grow upwards;
(5) culturing fruit mother vine
When the horizontally bound main vine grows to 25cm, pinching at a 16.5cm position, selecting a pinching position at a position 2cm from the front end of a full bud to promote the main vine to quickly germinate lateral branches, selecting and reserving 3 robust branches after pinching, taking one branch as a main spreading long branch with a forward horizontal growth head, horizontally binding the other two lateral branches along a direction vertical to the main vine to be used as a bearing mother vine of the next year for culture, horizontally binding the bearing mother vine on drawn wires at two sides of a U-shaped frame when the bearing mother vine grows to 50cm, pinching at a position 40cm, repeatedly pinching secondary tips which germinate again later, and then carrying out secondary tip picking on the bearing mother vine;
(6) re-culturing fruiting mother vine
When the main vines continuously growing horizontally forward grow to 40cm again, pinching at a position 50cm away from the main vines, culturing a group of fruiting mother vines and prolonged vines, pinching at a position 33.3cm away from the upper group of fruiting mother vines when the prolonged vines grow to 50cm again, and selecting and reserving 2 robust branches to be bound on a drawn wire vertical to the main vines in parallel; finally, a group of fruiting mother vines are cultured on the horizontal main vines every 33.3cm, 6 groups of fruiting mother vines and 12 fruiting mother vines are cultured on each layer of each plant, and the fruiting mother vines are uniformly distributed on the main vines;
(7) the whole operation method of other layers is the same as the steps (3) - (6), the main vines and the fruit mother vines which are cultured later are fixed, and the fruit branches which are sent out from the fruit mother vines are cut off only in winter.
Example 2
A actinidia arguta shaping method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) build U-shaped frame
Arranging upright posts with holes according to the space of 6m and the row space of 3m, fixing transverse pipes at the middle upper parts of adjacent upright posts in the vertical row direction by welding or using clips, fixing first longitudinal pipes at the top ends of adjacent upright posts in the parallel row direction by welding or using clips, fixing second longitudinal pipes at the middle parts of the adjacent transverse pipes by welding or using clips, fixing bow pipes at the intersection points of the upright posts and the first longitudinal pipes and the two intersection points of the transverse pipes and the adjacent second longitudinal pipes by welding, fixing U frames with holes on the middle lower parts of the upright posts and the transverse pipes on the two sides of the upright posts by welding, and finally performing layer-by-layer wire drawing through small holes of the upright posts and the U frames to obtain the U-shaped frame;
(2) actinidia arguta fixed planting
Planting 3 plants between two adjacent columns by adopting a 2m multiplied by 3m plant row spacing, and planting 112 plants per mu;
(3) selecting trunks
After field planting, selecting 3 full buds at the upper part of a grafting port, cutting the buds at a position 2cm above a cut port, after the buds sprout, when young tips grow to 15cm, reserving a new tip which grows robustly and timely attaching the new tip to a stand column to enable the new tip to grow upwards quickly, and culturing the new tip as a later trunk;
(4) culturing main vine
When the young shoots grow to be 20cm higher than the first drawn wire, pinching at a position 2cm above full buds of 10cm below the first drawn wire, promoting 3 buds below a cut to germinate after pinching, selecting one of the strong and upward-growing branches as a main stem of a second layer of frame surface, and horizontally binding the rest of the young shoots along the opposite direction to be used as a main vine of the first layer for culture;
after the trunk is cored, the tree is mediocre-robust, and 2 branches and tendrils germinate; the 2 germinated branches and tendrils are cross-bound on the horizontal drawn wires and serve as main tendrils of a first layer for culture, the branches and tendrils which germinate in the cross area of the two main tendrils select and reserve 1 robust branch and tendrils as main extension branches for culture;
(5) culturing fruit mother vine
When the horizontally bound main vine grows to 28cm, pinching at a position of 16.5cm, selecting a pinching position at a position of 2cm at the front end of a full bud to promote the main vine to quickly germinate lateral branches, selecting and reserving 3 robust branches after pinching, taking one branch as a main spreading long branch with a forward horizontal growth head, horizontally binding the other two lateral branches along a direction vertical to the main vine to be used as a bearing mother vine of the next year for culture, horizontally binding the bearing mother vine on drawn wires at two sides of a U-shaped frame when the bearing mother vine grows to 50cm, pinching at a position of 40cm, repeatedly pinching secondary tips which germinate again later, and then carrying out secondary tip picking on the bearing mother vine;
(6) re-culturing fruiting mother vine
When the main vines continuously growing horizontally forward grow to 42cm again, pinching at a position 50cm away from the main vines, culturing a group of fruiting mother vines and prolonged vines, pinching at a position 33.3cm away from the upper group of fruiting mother vines when the prolonged vines grow to 50cm again, and selecting and reserving 2 robust branches to be bound on a drawn wire vertical to the main vines in parallel; finally, a group of fruiting mother vines are cultured on the horizontal main vines every 33.3cm, 6 groups of fruiting mother vines and 12 fruiting mother vines are cultured on each layer of each plant, and the fruiting mother vines are uniformly distributed on the main vines;
(7) the whole operation method of other layers is the same as the steps (3) - (6), the main vines and the fruit mother vines which are cultured later are fixed, and the fruit branches which are sent out from the fruit mother vines are cut off only in winter.
Example 3
A actinidia arguta shaping method is characterized by specifically comprising the following steps:
(1) build U-shaped frame
Arranging upright posts with holes according to the space of 7m and the row space of 4m, fixing transverse pipes at the middle upper parts of adjacent upright posts in the vertical row direction by welding or using clips, fixing first longitudinal pipes at the top ends of adjacent upright posts in the parallel row direction by welding or using clips, fixing second longitudinal pipes at the middle parts of the adjacent transverse pipes by welding or using clips, fixing bow pipes at the intersection points of the upright posts and the first longitudinal pipes and the two intersection points of the transverse pipes and the adjacent second longitudinal pipes by welding, fixing U frames with holes on the middle lower parts of the upright posts and the transverse pipes on the two sides of the upright posts by welding, and finally performing layer-by-layer wire drawing through small holes of the upright posts and the U frames to obtain the U-shaped frame;
(2) actinidia arguta fixed planting
Planting 3 plants between two adjacent columns by adopting a 2m multiplied by 3m plant row spacing, and planting 112 plants per mu;
(3) culturing the trunk
After field planting, selecting 4 full buds on the upper part of a grafting port, cutting the buds at a position 2cm above a cut port, after the buds sprout, keeping a new strong-growing tip when the tender tip grows to 15cm, and timely guiding the new strong-growing tip to a stand column to enable the new strong-growing tip to grow upwards quickly to serve as a later trunk for culturing;
(4) culturing main vine
When the young shoots grow to be 20cm higher than the first drawn wire, pinching at a position 2cm above full buds of 10cm below the first drawn wire, promoting 3 buds below a cut to germinate after pinching, selecting one of the strong and upward-growing branches as a main stem of a second layer of frame surface, and horizontally binding the rest of the young shoots along the opposite direction to be used as a main vine of the first layer for culture;
after the trunk is pinched, the tree is strong in vigor, and more than 3 branches and tendrils germinate; selecting and reserving 3 strong branches and tendrils, binding 2 overlapped branches and tendrils on the drawn wires horizontally, and culturing the other branch as a trunk extension branch;
(5) culturing fruit mother vine
When the horizontally bound main vine grows to 30cm, pinching at a position of 16.5cm, selecting a pinching position at a position of 2cm at the front end of a full bud to promote the main vine to quickly germinate lateral branches, selecting and reserving 3 robust branches after pinching, taking one branch as a main spreading long branch with a forward horizontal growth head, horizontally binding the other two lateral branches along a direction vertical to the main vine to be used as a bearing mother vine of the next year for culture, horizontally binding the bearing mother vine on drawn wires at two sides of a U-shaped frame when the bearing mother vine grows to 50cm, pinching at a position of 40cm, repeatedly pinching secondary tips which germinate again later, and then carrying out secondary tip picking on the bearing mother vine;
(6) re-culturing fruiting mother vine
When the main vines continuously growing horizontally forward grow to 45cm again, pinching at a position 50cm away from the main vines, culturing a group of fruiting mother vines and prolonged vines, pinching at a position 33.3cm away from the upper group of fruiting mother vines when the prolonged vines grow to 50cm again, and selecting and reserving 2 robust branches to be bound on a drawn wire vertical to the main vines in parallel; finally, a group of fruiting mother vines are cultured on the horizontal main vines every 33.3cm, 6 groups of fruiting mother vines and 12 fruiting mother vines are cultured on each layer of each plant, and the fruiting mother vines are uniformly distributed on the main vines;
(7) the whole operation method of other layers is the same as the steps (3) - (6), the main vines and the fruit mother vines which are cultured later are fixed, and the fruit branches which are sent out from the fruit mother vines are cut off only in winter.
Through field tests, the yield load of the actinidia arguta shaping method in embodiment 2 of the invention is as follows: each plant has 7 layers of fruiting belts, each layer has 12 fruiting female vines, each layer has 84 fruiting female vines, each fruiting female vine is loaded with 300g (the weight of a single fruit is 15g, 20 fruits are left), each layer has 300g multiplied by 12 to 3600g (3.6kg), each plant has 3.6kg multiplied by 7 to 25.2kg, and the yield per mu is 111 multiplied by 25.2 to 2797.2 kg. And (3) calculating according to a 90% frame surface result coefficient, wherein the yield per mu is 2797.2 multiplied by 90% to 2517kg, the yield of male plants is deducted (pollinated plants are configured at a ratio of 1: 5), the theoretical yield is 2517 multiplied by 5/6 to 2097kg, and the target yield per mu of 2000kg is achieved.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A actinidia arguta shaping method is characterized by specifically comprising the following steps:
(1) build U-shaped frame
Arranging upright posts with holes according to the space of 5-7m and the row spacing of 2-4m, fixing transverse pipes at the middle upper parts of adjacent upright posts in the vertical row direction by welding or using clips, fixing first longitudinal pipes at the top ends of adjacent upright posts in the parallel row direction by welding or using clips, fixing second longitudinal pipes at the middle parts of the adjacent transverse pipes by welding or using clips, fixing bow pipes at the intersection points of the upright posts and the first longitudinal pipes and at the two intersection points of the transverse pipes and the adjacent second longitudinal pipes respectively by welding, fixing U frames with holes on the middle lower parts of the upright posts and the transverse pipes on the two sides of the upright posts respectively by welding, and finally performing layer-by-layer wire drawing through small holes of the upright posts and the U frames to obtain the U-shaped frame;
(2) actinidia arguta fixed planting
Planting 3 plants between two adjacent columns by adopting a 2m multiplied by 3m plant row spacing, and planting 112 plants per mu;
(3) culturing the trunk
After field planting, selecting 2-4 full buds on the upper part of a grafting port, cutting the buds at a position 2cm above a cut port, after the buds sprout, keeping a new robust growing tip when the tender tip grows to 15cm, and timely guiding the new strong growing tip to a stand column to enable the new strong growing tip to grow upwards quickly to serve as a later trunk for culturing;
(4) culturing main vine
When the young shoots grow to be 20cm higher than the first drawn wire, pinching at a position 2cm above full buds of 10cm below the first drawn wire, promoting the buds 2-3 below a cut to germinate after pinching, selecting one of the strong and upward-growing branches as a trunk of a second layer of frame surface, and horizontally binding the rest young shoots along the opposite direction to be used as main vines of the first layer for culture;
(5) culturing fruit mother vine
When the horizontally bound main vines grow to 25-30cm, pinching at 16.5cm, selecting a pinching position at 2cm at the front ends of full buds to promote the main vines to quickly germinate side branches, selecting and reserving 3 robust branches after pinching, taking one branch as a main spreading long branch which horizontally grows forwards with heads, horizontally binding the other two side branches along a direction perpendicular to the main vines, culturing the branch as a fruit bearing main vine in the next year, horizontally binding the fruit bearing main vine on drawn wires at two sides of a U-shaped frame when the fruit bearing main vine grows to 50cm, pinching at 40cm, repeatedly pinching secondary tips which germinate again later, and then carrying out secondary tip picking on the fruit bearing main vine;
(6) re-culturing fruiting mother vine
When the main vines continuously growing horizontally forward grow to 40-45cm again, pinching at a position 50cm away from the main trunk, culturing a group of fruiting mother vines and prolonged vines, pinching at a position 33.3cm away from the upper group of fruiting mother vines when the prolonged vines grow to 50cm again, and selecting and reserving 2 robust branches and vines to be bound on a drawn wire vertical to the main vines in parallel; finally, a group of fruiting mother vines are cultured on the horizontal main vines every 33.3cm, 6 groups of fruiting mother vines and 12 fruiting mother vines are cultured on each layer of each plant, and the fruiting mother vines are uniformly distributed on the main vines;
(7) the whole operation method of other layers is the same as the steps (3) - (6), the main vines and the fruit mother vines which are cultured later are fixed, and the fruit branches which are sent out from the fruit mother vines are cut off only in winter.
2. The actinidia arguta shaping method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the vertical columns and the U frames are respectively provided with a plurality of small holes with the spacing of 0.4-0.6m, the positions of the small holes horizontally correspond to each other, and the steel wires penetrate through the small holes and are fixed between the adjacent vertical columns and the U frames in the parallel row direction.
3. The actinidia arguta shaping method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the U-shaped frame further comprises a cement column base, the cement column base is 30-50cm in diameter and 50-70cm in height;
the cement column base is inserted into soil, and the upright column is inserted into the cement column base;
the upright column adopts a galvanized round pipe with the diameter of 3-5cm or a galvanized square pipe with the diameter of (3-5) cm multiplied by (5-7) cm, the total length is 4-6m, and the length of the upright column inserted into the cement column base is 0.4-0.6 m.
4. The actinidia arguta shaping method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the transverse pipe is made of (3-5) cm x (3-5) cm square steel, and is 3.2-4.2m away from the ground.
5. The actinidia arguta reshaping method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the first longitudinal pipe and the second longitudinal pipe are made of rectangular steel with the length of (1-3) cm x (3-5) cm.
6. The actinidia arguta shaping method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the arched pipe is an arched round pipe, an arched plastic steel bar or a ridge-shaped galvanized steel wire.
7. The actinidia arguta reshaping method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the U frame is made of galvanized rectangular steel with the height of 2.5-3.5m and the width of 0.6-1.0m, wherein the galvanized rectangular steel with the thickness of (1-3) cm x (3-5) cm.
8. The actinidia arguta shaping method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), after the trunk is pinched, only 1 branch and vine can germinate if the tree is weak; after 1 branch and vine germinates, the branch and vine is horizontally bound to the drawing wire towards one side, the base part is arched, the top end advantage is utilized to promote buds at the arched angle to germinate as soon as possible, the germinated branch and vine is used as a main vine at the other side to be cultured, and the germinated branch and vine at the arched angle at the other side is used as a main vine to grow upwards.
9. The actinidia arguta shaping method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), after the trunk is pinched, 2 branches and tendrils can be germinated if the tree is mediocre-robust; and (3) binding the 2 germinated branches and tendrils on the horizontal drawn wires in a crossed manner to serve as main tendrils of a first layer for culture, selecting 1 strong branch and tendrils which germinate in the crossed region of the two main tendrils to serve as main extension branches for culture.
10. The actinidia arguta shaping method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), after the trunk is pinched, more than 3 branches and tendrils can germinate if the tree is strong; selecting and reserving 3 strong branches and tendrils, binding 2 overlapped branches and tendrils on the drawn wires horizontally, and culturing the other branch as a trunk extension branch.
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