CN113036453A - Transmitting-receiving array-surface-sharing limited scanning antenna array and design method - Google Patents
Transmitting-receiving array-surface-sharing limited scanning antenna array and design method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113036453A CN113036453A CN202110253317.6A CN202110253317A CN113036453A CN 113036453 A CN113036453 A CN 113036453A CN 202110253317 A CN202110253317 A CN 202110253317A CN 113036453 A CN113036453 A CN 113036453A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a limited scanning antenna array and a design method of a receiving and transmitting array plane, wherein the limited scanning antenna array comprises a receiving antenna array and a transmitting antenna array, the receiving antenna array comprises a plurality of receiving large subarray modules and a plurality of receiving small subarray modules, the transmitting antenna array comprises a plurality of transmitting subarray modules, the receiving large subarray modules are annularly arranged on the outer side of the transmitting subarray modules, and the receiving small subarray modules are arranged between the receiving large subarray modules and the transmitting subarray modules; according to the invention, through the full array surface formed by the three modules, the complexity of the optimal design of the array surface layout is reduced, a certain optimal design space is reserved, and meanwhile, the difficulty in realizing the engineering design is also reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave antennas, in particular to a transmitting-receiving common array plane limited scanning antenna array and a design method.
Background
The beam scanning of the phased array antenna is controlled by a computer, and the beam pointing direction and the beam shape can be flexibly and rapidly changed. The scanning of the antenna beams in space is almost inertialess, which enables a radar system adopting a phased array antenna system to complete the multi-task functions of searching, tracking, encoding, identifying and classifying hundreds of batches of targets. Phased array antennas are therefore gaining wider and wider use.
With the development of a large two-dimensional solid-state active phased-array antenna, the T/R components account for 70% -80% of the whole manufacturing cost, so that the quantity of the T/R components is reduced as far as possible under the premise of ensuring the radiation performance of the antenna, and the engineering significance is great. The limited scanning antenna array can obviously reduce the number of antenna units and the corresponding number of T/R assemblies by increasing the distance between the antenna units (generally more than one wavelength) under the condition of keeping the aperture area of the antenna array to be constant. In order to suppress grating lobes caused by a cell pitch greater than one wavelength, a limited scanning antenna array usually employs an antenna subarray or a high gain cell instead of a conventional antenna cell, and while the electrical scanning capability of a limited area is retained, not only can the system cost be reduced, but also the system power consumption can be reduced, and the system structure design is simplified. Meanwhile, the limited scanning antenna array is matched with mechanical scanning, a mechanical point is firstly fixed to the center of a certain area, then the beam coverage of the area is realized through two-dimensional limited electrical scanning, and the working range of the limited scanning antenna array can be expanded to a plurality of different areas. For the above reasons, limited scan antenna arrays have been widely studied and used.
For some application scenarios, such as ballistic measurement, the receive antenna array and the transmit antenna array need to operate simultaneously. In this case, there are generally two designs. One is to transmit and receive signals by sharing an antenna array surface and to isolate the received signals from the transmitted signals by using a duplexer. The whole antenna array surface is designed to have compact structure and high integration level, but the antenna array needs to be designed in a broadband mode (or in a common caliber mode) to cover a receiving frequency band and a transmitting frequency band, and the design difficulty is high. Meanwhile, as the receiving and transmitting active channels are integrated, great challenges are also provided for the thermal design and electromagnetic compatibility design of the system, and the structural design is also complicated. The other design scheme is that the receiving antenna array and the transmitting antenna array are divided into two array planes, which greatly reduces the difficulty of telecommunication and structural design of the system, but the two array planes occupy more space and are not suitable for being applied to occasions with limited space of a bearing platform and flexible and mobile requirements on the system.
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, the inventors of the present invention have finally obtained the present invention through a long period of research and practice.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical defects, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is to provide a limited scanning antenna array with a transmitting-receiving array surface, which comprises a receiving antenna array and a transmitting antenna array, wherein the receiving antenna array comprises a plurality of receiving large subarray modules and a plurality of receiving small subarray modules, the transmitting antenna array comprises a plurality of transmitting subarray modules, the receiving large subarray modules are annularly arranged at the outer sides of the transmitting subarray modules, and the receiving small subarray modules are arranged between the receiving large subarray modules and the transmitting subarray modules.
Preferably, the receiving large sub-array module, the receiving small sub-array module and the transmitting sub-array module are arranged in a symmetrical structure.
Preferably, the receiving large sub-array module, the receiving small sub-array module and the transmitting sub-array module are all set to be rectangular array surfaces. The array surface sizes of the receiving small sub-array module and the transmitting sub-array module are the same.
Preferably, the ratio of the long side size of the array surface of the small receiving subarray module to the long side size of the array surface of the large receiving subarray module is m: n, and the ratio of the wide side size of the array surface of the small receiving subarray module to the wide side size of the array surface of the large receiving subarray module is m: n, where m is smaller than n.
Preferably, a method for designing the transmit-receive common-array-plane limited scanning antenna array includes the steps of:
s1, setting the transmitting antenna array and an initial receiving antenna array, wherein the initial receiving antenna array comprises a plurality of receiving big sub-array modules, the transmitting antenna array comprises a plurality of transmitting sub-array modules, and directional diagrams of the transmitting antenna array and the initial receiving antenna array are calculated;
s2, deleting a plurality of receiving big sub-array modules from the center of the initial receiving antenna array, so as to set a blank setting area formed by the receiving big sub-array deleting module in the center of the initial receiving antenna array, and adding a plurality of receiving big sub-array modules to the periphery of the initial receiving antenna array, so that the periphery of the initial receiving antenna array is set with a compensation setting area formed by the receiving big sub-array appending module;
s3, setting a plurality of small receiving subarray modules in the blank setting area, where the receiving subarray modules have the same array surface shape and size as the transmitting subarray modules, and the receiving subarray modules are disposed between the receiving subarray modules and the transmitting subarray modules;
s4, checking whether the reserved space in the blank setting area can accommodate the transmitting antenna array, calculating the directional diagram of the receiving antenna array, and finally finishing the structural design of the transmitting-receiving common-front limited scanning antenna array.
Preferably, in step S1, if the directional diagram of the transmitting antenna array meets the system requirement, the optimization design is completed, and if the system requirement cannot be met, the transmitting antenna array is improved again; and if the directional diagram of the initial receiving antenna array meets the system requirement, finishing the optimization design, and if the directional diagram of the initial receiving antenna array cannot meet the system requirement, improving the initial receiving antenna array again.
Preferably, the number of the receiving large subarray supplementary modules is less than the number of the receiving large subarray deletion modules.
Preferably, the sum of the total area of the array faces of the receiving large sub-array supplement module and the total area of the array faces of the receiving small sub-array module is equal to or larger than the total area of the array faces of the receiving large sub-array subtraction module.
Preferably, the blank setting area is set to be rectangular, the long edge of the blank setting area is set to be m integral multiples of the receiving large subarray deletion module, the long edge of the blank setting area is set to be am of the receiving large subarray deletion modules, the wide edge of the blank setting area is set to be bm of the receiving large subarray deletion modules, and a and b are integers.
Preferably, in the step S4, if the directional diagram of the receiving antenna array meets the system requirement, the optimization design is completed, and if the system requirement cannot be met, the initial receiving antenna array is re-improved, and different numbers and position distributions of the receiving large sub-array deleting module, the receiving large sub-array appending module, and the receiving small sub-array module are designed until the directional diagram of the receiving antenna array meets the system requirement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1, the invention reduces the complexity of the optimization design of the layout of the array plane by the full array plane consisting of three modules, also reserves a certain optimization design space, and simultaneously reduces the difficulty of the realization of engineering design; 2, the transmitting antenna array is positioned in the center of the receiving antenna array, the layout is compact, and the receiving antenna array and the transmitting antenna array have the same phase center; and 3, the receiving antenna array comprises two different subarray modules. The receiving large subarray module has a larger aperture area, so that the number of active channels of the system can be reduced more and the system cost is reduced under the condition that the array surface gain is ensured to be certain; the receiving small sub-array modules have smaller apertures and can be flexibly distributed in the receiving antenna array, so that the optimization design space of a directional diagram of the receiving antenna array is improved; 4, the receiving small sub-array module in the receiving antenna array and the transmitting sub-array module in the transmitting antenna array have the same physical caliber, thereby being beneficial to seamlessly integrating the transmitting antenna array into the receiving antenna array and fully utilizing the space of the array surface.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural view of the transmit-receive co-array limited scanning antenna array;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a design method of the transmit-receive co-array limited scanning antenna array;
fig. 3 is a structural view of the initial receiving antenna array.
The figures in the drawings represent:
1-a receiving antenna array; 2-a transmit antenna array; 3-receiving a large subarray module; 4-receiving a small sub-array module; 5-transmitting the subarray module; 6-initial receiving antenna array; 7-receiving a large subarray reduction module; 8-receiving a large sub-array supplement module.
Detailed Description
The above and further features and advantages of the present invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a structural view of the transmit-receive co-array limited scanning antenna array; the receiving and transmitting array-sharing limited scanning antenna array comprises a receiving antenna array 1 and a transmitting antenna array 2, wherein the receiving antenna array 1 comprises a plurality of receiving large subarray modules 3 and a plurality of receiving small subarray modules 4, the transmitting antenna array 2 comprises a plurality of transmitting subarray modules 5, the receiving large subarray modules 3 are annularly arranged on the outer sides of the transmitting subarray modules 5, and the receiving small subarray modules 4 are arranged between the receiving large subarray modules 3 and the transmitting subarray modules 5.
Preferably, the receiving large sub-array module 3, the receiving small sub-array module 4 and the transmitting sub-array module 5 are arranged in a symmetrical structure.
Generally, the receiving large sub-array module 3, the receiving small sub-array module 4 and the transmitting sub-array module 5 are all set to be rectangular array surfaces. The receiving small sub-array module 4 and the transmitting sub-array module 5 have the same array face size.
The ratio of the long edge size of the array surface of the receiving small sub-array module 4 to the long edge size of the array surface of the receiving large sub-array module 3 is m: n, the ratio of the wide edge size of the array surface of the receiving small sub-array module 4 to the wide edge size of the array surface of the receiving large sub-array module 3 is m: n, wherein m is less than n.
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart of a design method of the transmit-receive co-array-surface limited scanning antenna array; the invention relates to a design method of a limited scanning antenna array with a transmitting-receiving common array surface, which comprises the following steps:
s1, setting the transmitting antenna array 2 and the initial receiving antenna array 6, where the initial receiving antenna array 6 includes a plurality of receiving large sub-array modules 3, the transmitting antenna array 2 includes a plurality of transmitting sub-array modules 5, and calculating directional diagrams of the transmitting antenna array 2 and the initial receiving antenna array 6.
If the directional diagram of the transmitting antenna array 2 meets the system requirements, the optimization design is finished, and if the system requirements cannot be met, the transmitting antenna array 2 is improved again; similarly, if the directional diagram of the initial receiving antenna array 6 meets the system requirements, the optimization design is finished, and if the directional diagram cannot meet the system requirements, the initial receiving antenna array 6 is improved again;
s2, deleting a plurality of receiving big sub-array modules 3 from the center of the initial receiving antenna array 6, so as to set a blank setting area formed by the receiving big sub-array deleting module 7 at the center of the initial receiving antenna array 6, and adding a plurality of receiving big sub-array modules 3 at the periphery of the initial receiving antenna array 6, so that a compensation setting area formed by the receiving big sub-array appending module 8 is set at the periphery of the initial receiving antenna array 6;
s3, setting a plurality of receiving small sub-array modules 4 in the blank setting area, where the receiving small sub-array module 4 has the same shape and size of the front surface as the transmitting sub-array module 5, and the receiving small sub-array module 4 is set between the receiving large sub-array module 3 and the transmitting sub-array module 5;
s4, checking whether the reserved space in the blank setting area can accommodate the transmitting antenna array 2, and calculating the directional diagram of the receiving antenna array 1. If the directional diagram of the receiving antenna array 1 meets the system requirements, the optimization design is finished, if the system requirements cannot be met, the initial receiving antenna array 6 is improved again, and different numbers and position distributions of the receiving large sub-array deleting module 7, the receiving large sub-array supplementing module 8 and the receiving small sub-array module 4 are designed until the directional diagram of the receiving antenna array 1 meets the system requirements, so that the structural design of the receiving and transmitting array-sharing limited scanning antenna array is completed.
Typically, the receive front of the receive antenna array 1 has a much larger front area than the transmit front of the transmit antenna array 2. As shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 is a structural view of the initial receiving antenna array; the initial receiving antenna array 6 only includes one sub-array module, i.e. the receiving large sub-array module 3. In step S2, in order to place the transmitting antenna array 2 in the array of the receiving antenna array 1, a part of sub-array modules in the array needs to be deleted, that is, the receiving large sub-array deleting module 7. Meanwhile, a part of sub-array modules, namely the receiving large sub-array supplement module 8, is supplemented at the periphery of the array so as to compensate gain loss caused by deleting the sub-array modules in the array.
The number of the receiving large sub-array supplement modules 8 can be less than that of the receiving large sub-array deletion modules 7, because the receiving small sub-array modules 4 are additionally arranged in the receiving antenna array 1 in the subsequent design process.
In general, the sum of the total area of the array planes of the receiving large sub-array supplement module 8 and the receiving small sub-array module 4 should be equal to or slightly larger than the total area of the array planes of the receiving large sub-array subtraction module 7, so as to ensure that the gain index of the receiving antenna array 1 after improvement is not lower than that of the initial receiving antenna array 6.
The receiving small sub-array module 4 is designed to fill the "blank" between the transmitting front and the receiving front. The receiving small sub-array module 4 is designed to have the same shape and area as the transmitting sub-array module 5 so as to realize the matching connection with the transmitting antenna array 2. The side length of the receiving small sub-array module 4 and the side length of the receiving large sub-array module 3 are designed according to the ratio of m to n, so that the seamless connection between the n receiving small sub-array modules 4 and the m receiving large sub-array modules 3 is realized.
Therefore, it is specific that the blank setting area is also set to be rectangular, meanwhile, the long edge of the blank setting area is set to be m integral multiples of the receiving large subarray deletion module 7, the edge of the blank setting area is set to be am of the receiving large subarray deletion module 7, the edge of the blank setting area is set to be bm of the receiving large subarray deletion module 7, a and b are integers, and a and b can be the same or different.
In fig. 1, the ratio is 2: 3, that is, 3 receiving small sub-array modules 4 and 2 receiving large sub-array modules 3 can be closely arranged.
In order to realize the application of a receiving and transmitting antenna array simultaneous working system in a limited space maneuvering platform and reduce the difficulty of electromagnetic compatibility design and thermal design of the system, the invention provides a receiving and transmitting array-sharing plane limited scanning antenna array arrangement design. In the array design, the transmitting antenna array is distributed in the receiving antenna array, so that the whole structure is more compact. Meanwhile, the arrangement design adopts a modular design, and engineering realization and maintenance are facilitated. The receiving antenna array comprises two subarray modules with different sizes, namely a receiving large subarray module and a receiving small subarray module. Compared with a single subarray module, the two subarray modules with different sizes are adopted, and more design space and design flexibility are reserved. The receiving large sub-array module can reduce the quantity of T/R components as much as possible and reduce the system cost, while the receiving small sub-array module can utilize the advantage of smaller area per se and is flexibly distributed in the receiving antenna array to improve and enhance the directional diagram performance of the receiving antenna array surface. The receiving antenna array does not adopt three or more sub-array modules with different sizes, because the engineering realization complexity of the antenna array is greatly improved. The transmitting antenna array in the array design comprises a module, namely a transmitting sub-array module, wherein the physical caliber of the transmitting sub-array module is designed to be consistent with that of the receiving small sub-array module, so that the transmitting antenna array is favorably and tightly embedded into the receiving antenna array, the space waste caused by the fact that the boundary contours of the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array are not matched is avoided or reduced, and the space utilization rate of the whole antenna array surface is improved.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, which is intended to be illustrative and not limiting. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications and equivalents may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A receiving and transmitting array-sharing limited scanning antenna array is characterized by comprising a receiving antenna array and a transmitting antenna array, wherein the receiving antenna array comprises a plurality of receiving large subarray modules and a plurality of receiving small subarray modules, the transmitting antenna array comprises a plurality of transmitting subarray modules, the receiving large subarray modules are annularly arranged on the outer sides of the transmitting subarray modules, and the receiving small subarray modules are arranged between the receiving large subarray modules and the transmitting subarray modules.
2. The transmit-receive co-array limited scanning antenna array of claim 1, wherein the receive large sub-array module, the receive small sub-array module, and the transmit sub-array module are arranged in a symmetrical configuration.
3. The transmit-receive common-wavefront limited-scanning antenna array of claim 2, wherein the receive large sub-array module, the receive small sub-array module and the transmit sub-array module are all configured as a rectangular wavefront, and the wavefront sizes of the receive small sub-array module and the transmit sub-array module are the same.
4. The transmit-receive co-array finite scanning antenna array of claim 3, wherein the ratio of the long dimension of the array face of the receive small sub-array module to the long dimension of the array face of the receive large sub-array module is m: n, the ratio of the size of the wide side of the wavefront of the small receiving subarray module to the size of the wide side of the wavefront of the large receiving subarray module is m: n, wherein m < n.
5. A method for designing a transmit-receive co-wavefront limited-scan antenna array according to claim 4, comprising the steps of:
s1, setting the transmitting antenna array and an initial receiving antenna array, wherein the initial receiving antenna array comprises a plurality of receiving big sub-array modules, the transmitting antenna array comprises a plurality of transmitting sub-array modules, and directional diagrams of the transmitting antenna array and the initial receiving antenna array are calculated;
s2, deleting a plurality of receiving big sub-array modules from the center of the initial receiving antenna array, so as to set a blank setting area formed by the receiving big sub-array deleting module in the center of the initial receiving antenna array, and adding a plurality of receiving big sub-array modules to the periphery of the initial receiving antenna array, so that the periphery of the initial receiving antenna array is set with a compensation setting area formed by the receiving big sub-array appending module;
s3, setting a plurality of small receiving subarray modules in the blank setting area, where the receiving subarray modules have the same array surface shape and size as the transmitting subarray modules, and the receiving subarray modules are disposed between the receiving subarray modules and the transmitting subarray modules;
s4, checking whether the reserved space in the blank setting area can accommodate the transmitting antenna array, calculating the directional diagram of the receiving antenna array, and finally finishing the structural design of the transmitting-receiving common-front limited scanning antenna array.
6. The design method of claim 5, wherein in step S1, if the directional diagram of the transmitting antenna array meets the system requirement, the optimization design is completed, if the system requirement can not be met, the transmitting antenna array is improved again; and if the directional diagram of the initial receiving antenna array meets the system requirement, finishing the optimization design, and if the directional diagram of the initial receiving antenna array cannot meet the system requirement, improving the initial receiving antenna array again.
7. The design method of claim 5, wherein the number of the receiving large subarray supplementary modules is less than the number of the receiving large subarray deletion modules.
8. The design method of claim 5, wherein the sum of the total area of the receiving large sub-array addition module and the total area of the receiving small sub-array module is equal to or greater than the total area of the receiving large sub-array subtraction module.
9. The design method according to claim 5, wherein the white space setting area is set to be rectangular, the long side of the white space setting area is set to m times of the receiving big sub-array deleting modules, the long side of the white space setting area is set to am receiving big sub-array deleting modules, the wide side of the white space setting area is set to bm receiving big sub-array deleting modules, and a and b are integers.
10. The design method of claim 5, wherein in step S4, if the directional diagram of the receiving antenna array meets the system requirement, the optimization design is completed, if the system requirement cannot be met, the initial receiving antenna array is re-improved, and different numbers and positions of the receiving large sub-array deleting module, the receiving large sub-array adding module and the receiving small sub-array module are designed until the directional diagram of the receiving antenna array meets the system requirement.
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| CN113036453B (en) | 2022-04-22 |
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