CN113034040B - Typical species migration corridor location method, device and equipment - Google Patents
Typical species migration corridor location method, device and equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a typical species migration corridor site selection method, a device and equipment, belongs to the technical field of computers, and particularly relates to a typical species migration corridor site selection method, which comprises the following steps: when a typical species migration corridor site selection request sent by a user is received, analyzing typical species distribution areas and typical species information from the typical species migration corridor site selection request, collecting evaluation factors, grading the collected evaluation factors, and calculating a habitat suitability index according to the evaluation factors and corresponding grading values; calculating migration resistance indexes of the typical species according to the habitat suitability indexes, and identifying galleries among source plaques of the typical species according to the migration resistance indexes to obtain a simulation result of the migration galleries of the typical species; evaluating the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor to obtain the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor; and according to the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor, combining regional road distribution, and generating the setting position of the typical species migration corridor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of computers, and particularly relates to a typical species migration corridor location method, device and equipment.
Background
With the improvement of ecological protection consciousness, effective protection and management of endangered wild animals are increasingly concerned. The traditional determination of the habitat of the wild animals mostly depends on the field observation experience of experts to determine several habitat factors, and then a habitat suitability distribution map is generated through a simple map superposition function.
Along with the construction of infrastructures such as highways, railways and the like, interference is often generated on long-distance migration galleries of typical species in the area, and part of highways, railways and the like are subjected to closed management, so that obvious blocking effects are generated on the migration of wild animals, and the gene communication between the populations and the long-term persistence are not facilitated. In the aspect of wild animal protection, the research on wild animal habitat distribution and migration corridor is mainly carried out through a large amount of scientific investigation and related observation research, and people have coarser and shallower knowledge on typical species distribution and migration in an area, and the wild animal habitat is protected by dividing natural protection areas, national parks and the like.
The inventor finds that the current research is limited by factors such as topography, accessibility and the like, the current research is limited to population dynamic analysis of local scale, the survival mode of macro-scale population cannot be fully embodied, the explanation of wild animal distribution patterns and population processes in clear large-scale space is difficult, and in addition, the management mode of partition protection is not beneficial to effectively protecting the integrity of habitat and migration corridor of typical species.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to at least solve the technical problems, the invention provides a typical species migration corridor location method, a device and equipment.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of typical species migration corridor localization, comprising:
when a typical species migration corridor site selection request sent by a user is received, analyzing typical species distribution areas and typical species information from the typical species migration corridor site selection request, collecting evaluation factors, grading the collected evaluation factors, and calculating a habitat suitability index according to the evaluation factors and corresponding grading values;
calculating migration resistance indexes of the typical species according to the habitat suitability indexes, and identifying galleries among source plaques of the typical species according to the migration resistance indexes to obtain a simulation result of the migration galleries of the typical species;
evaluating the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor to obtain the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor;
and generating a typical species migration corridor setting position according to the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
the collecting and evaluating factors comprise collecting topography, landform, vegetation condition, food preference and drinking water requirement as habitat preference factors according to typical species distribution areas input by users, and collecting roads and artificial interference parameters of the typical species distribution areas as interference factors.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
the calculating the habitat suitability index according to the evaluation factors and the corresponding scoring values comprises the following steps:
calculating a habitat suitability index from the habitat preference factors and interference factors, i.e
Wherein Fi is a habitat preference factor comprising: vegetation factor Fv, elevation factor Fa, gradient factor Fs, water source factor Fh;
ki is an interference factor comprising: the values of the traffic infrastructure interference factor Kn and the residential point interference factor Kr are dimensionless.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
the evaluation of the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor comprises the following steps:
and analyzing the resistance value at the crossing point of the corridor and the road in the typical species distribution area, and generating a resistance value analysis result at the crossing point of the corridor and the road.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
the evaluation of the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor comprises the following steps:
and analyzing the gallery pinch points and the road network to generate a relation analysis result of the key positions of the channels to be set.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
the evaluation of the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor comprises the following steps:
extracting a habitat interference index;
and identifying a road strong interference area according to the habitat interference index.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
generating a typical species migration corridor setting position according to a typical species migration corridor simulation result, including:
And generating a typical species migration corridor setting position according to a resistance value analysis result at the intersection point of the corridor and the road, a relation analysis result of the key position of the channel to be set and the road strong interference area.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, an exemplary species migration corridor locating apparatus comprises:
the computing module is used for analyzing typical species distribution areas and typical species information from the typical species migration corridor site selection request when receiving the typical species migration corridor site selection request sent by the user, collecting evaluation factors, grading the collected evaluation factors, and computing a habitat suitability index according to the evaluation factors and corresponding grading values;
the identification module is used for calculating migration resistance indexes of the typical species according to the habitat suitability indexes, and identifying galleries among source plaques of the typical species according to the migration resistance indexes to obtain a simulation result of the migration galleries of the typical species;
the evaluation module is used for evaluating the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor to obtain the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor;
and the generation module is used for generating a typical species migration corridor setting position according to the typical species migration corridor simulation result.
According to a third aspect of the invention, a computer device comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor,
the processor, when executing the program, implements the steps of the method as described in any one of the above.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a computer readable storage medium storing a program which, when executed, enables a method of typical species migration corridor localization of a method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts a wild animal migration corridor identification and road network obstruction influence assessment method suitable for habitat and resistance surface assessment, and aims to provide a suggestion for setting the animal channel position of a typical species, provide a basis for maintaining the habitat of the typical species and scientifically setting the animal channel position of the typical species, guide the application of wild animal protection technology in highway construction, improve the utilization efficiency of animal channels and generate good environmental and economic benefits.
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The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which,
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an exemplary species migration corridor locating method provided by the present invention;
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Like parts in the drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and that this invention is not limited to the details given herein.
In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of locating a typical species migration corridor, as shown in fig. 1, comprising:
step 201: when a typical species migration corridor site selection request sent by a user is received, analyzing typical species distribution areas and typical species information from the typical species migration corridor site selection request, collecting evaluation factors, grading the collected evaluation factors, and calculating a habitat suitability index according to the evaluation factors and corresponding grading values;
In the embodiment of the invention, the evaluation factors are collected, including respectively collecting the habitat preference factors and the interference factors.
Further, according to the typical species distribution area input by the user, namely the typical species habitat, the topography, the landform, the vegetation condition, the food preference and the drinking water requirement can be collected as the habitat preference factors, and the road and the artificial interference parameters of the typical species distribution area can be collected as the interference factors.
Further, the altitude of the terrain of the typical species distribution area is collected as an altitude factor, the grade of the landform is collected as a grade factor, the distance from a water source is collected as a water source factor, the vegetation condition is collected, and the vegetation factor is set according to food preference. Road parameters are collected as traffic infrastructure interference factors, and artificial interference parameters are collected as resident point interference factors.
Vegetation status was scored according to the major food species of the typical species, resulting in vegetation factor scoring results as shown in table 1. In the case of a plant species that is preferred for the typical species, a score of 100, in the case of a plant species that is preferred for the typical species, a score of 66.67, in the case of a plant species that is general for the typical species, a score of 33.33, in the case of a plant species that is not preferred for the typical species, a score of 0.
Table 1 vegetation type assignment table
Reclassifying and scoring the distance surfaces according to the water source distance requirements of typical species to obtain a water source factor scoring result. Further, a water body vector image layer in a typical species distribution area is obtained, the distance between a typical species distribution space and a water body in the water body vector image layer is scored based on a water body distance scoring rule according to the activity capability of the typical species and the water source requirement, the score is 100 when the distance between the typical species distribution space and the water body is less than or equal to 2000 meters, the score is 50 when the distance between the typical species distribution space and the water body is more than 2000 meters and less than or equal to 7000 meters, the score is 0 when the distance between the typical species distribution space and the water body is more than 7000 meters, and a water source factor suitability scoring image layer is generated. According to the activity capability of the typical species and the requirement of the typical species on a water source, dividing the distribution space of the typical species into three areas with the distance from the water body of less than or equal to 2000 meters, more than or equal to 2000 meters and less than or equal to 7000 meters and more than 7000 meters, and respectively scoring to generate a water source distance suitability scoring result.
And generating gradient data by using a digital elevation model (DEM, digital Elevation Model) in a typical species distribution area and the digital elevation data by adopting a surface analysis tool in spatial analysis, and reclassifying and grading the digital elevation data and the gradient data according to a typical species habit, a high Cheng Shiyi sex grading rule and a gradient suitability grading rule to obtain a topography factor grading result.
Further, the suitability of elevation scoring rules include, in the case of an elevation of 3000 meters or less, a score of 0, in the case of an elevation of 3000 meters or more and 3500 meters or less, a score of 40; a score of 100 in the case where the altitude is 3500 meters or more and less than 5000 meters; a score of 60 in the case of an altitude greater than 5000 meters and less than or equal to 5400 meters; in the case of an altitude of 5400 meters or more, the score was 0.
Further, the sea level in the typical species distribution area is scored as 100, with 30% -60% number intervals on either side of the number interval scored as 60, and more than 60% intervals scored as 0.
The grade suitability scoring rule includes scoring 100 in a condition that the grade is greater than or equal to 0 ° and less than or equal to 15 °; a score of 50 in the case where the gradient is 15 ° or more and 30 ° or less; under the condition that the altitude is greater than or equal to 30 degrees, the score is 0;
in the invention, the grade value is scored according to the principle that the smaller the grade is, the higher the suitability is, and the lower the suitability is.
In the present invention, interference factors include factors that adversely affect the survival and activity of typical species, such as traffic infrastructure and populated areas. The traffic infrastructure data comprises railways, highways, secondary roads, tertiary roads, quaternary roads and the like; the point data includes towns, villages, and fixed points.
Carrying out projection conversion on traffic infrastructure and resident data to the same coordinate system, and respectively carrying out weight assignment on different grade roads as a position field by applying an ARCGIS Kernel Density estimation tool (Kernel Density) according to the barrier effect of the different grade roads on animal migration; the weight of the expressway and the railway can be 1.2, and the weight of the secondary road can be 1.0; the weight of the tertiary road can be 0.6; the weight of the four-stage path can be 0.4; the weight of the off-road may be 0.3. On the premise that the nuclear density center can be clearly distinguished and the nuclear density grade difference can be reflected, the search radius is generated. And finally, estimating a traffic infrastructure nuclear density map by adopting a default bandwidth as a search radius.
The habitat suitability index is calculated from the habitat preference factors, i.e., vegetation factors, elevation factors, slope factors, water source factors, and interference factors, i.e., traffic infrastructure interference factors, and populated point interference factors. Further, the habitat suitability index (Habitat Suitability Index, HSI) is calculated as follows:
wherein Fi is a habitat preference factor comprising: vegetation factors Fv, elevation factors Fa, gradient factors Fs, water source factors Fh, ki are interference factors, including traffic infrastructure interference factor Kn, and residential point interference factor Kr.
In the invention, the final habitat suitability index is generated by adopting a continuous multiplication and reshuffling mode, so that the consideration factors are wider, and the habitat suitability evaluation is more accurate.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the habitat suitability evaluation results are further divided into three classes of unsuitable, generally suitable, and more suitable, and the range of the Yangtze river source park, the range of the public land garden, and the range of the public land garden of the yellow river source and the distribution of the habitat suitability classes in the relevant protection areas are superimposed to obtain three spatial distribution of the habitat suitability index in the park, as shown in table 2. Since the more suitable habitat is more important for the survival of the Tibetan antelope, the Protection Ratio (PR) of the more suitable habitat is further calculated, and the protection ratio of the Tibetan antelope in the Yangtze river source park is about 75.44%.
PR＝PA/SA*100％；
Wherein: PR is the protection proportion of a protection area or a functional partition of the protection area; PA is the distribution area of the suitable habitat in the protection area or functional partition; SA is the area of distribution of the niche throughout the investigation region.
The protection efficiency refers to the suitable habitat area contained in the unit area of the protection area, the efficiency of capturing the suitable habitat through comparing the protection area, the functional partition and the whole research area, and the rationality of the site selection of the protection area and the functional partition and the space allocation of the protection resource can be indicated to a certain extent, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
CE＝PA/PT
Wherein: PT is the total area of the guard area.
The protection efficiency of the Tibetan antelope in the Yangtze river source park is 0.62.
TABLE 2 distribution of suitable habitats for concealed antelope in Yangtze river source park of Sanjiang source country park
| Habitat suitability grade | Area km2 | Area ratio% |
| Is not suitable for | 14106.15 | 13.93 |
| In general | 23504.22 | 23.21 |
| Preferably is suitable for | 63634.41 | 62.85 |
| Sum total | 101244.8 | 100 |
The Tibetan antelope is mainly distributed in a cocoa-cilia protection region, a Soxhlet-Qu Mahe protection region, a gladandong protection region and a Danqu protection region, and the Tibetan antelope is suitable for habitats. The preferred habitat area in the core region of the guard zone is about 32918.04km2, about 65.44% of the total area, typically 10974.69km2, about 21.82% of the total area, and 6409.35km2, about 12.74% of the total area. The preferred habitat area in the buffer zone is about 28859.67km2, about 56.09% of the total area, typically 13584.69km2, about 26.40% of the total area, and 9004.41km2, about 17.50% of the total area. The preferred habitat area in the experimental zone was about 22056.93km2, about 57.75% of the total area, generally 9046.17km2, about 23.69% of the total area, 7087.59km2, and 18.56% of the total area, as shown in table 3.
Further analysis of protection ratio and protection efficiency, 39.02% of protection ratio of more suitable grade of hidden antelope in the core region, 0.65% of protection efficiency, 34.21% of protection ratio of more suitable grade of hidden antelope in the buffer region, 0.56% of protection efficiency, 26.15% of protection ratio of more suitable grade of hidden antelope in the experimental region and 0.58% of protection efficiency.
TABLE 3 spatial distribution of the environmental suitability levels in the core region of the protected zone
| Habitat suitability grade | Area km2 | Area ratio% |
| Is not suitable for | 6409.35 | 12.74 |
| In general | 10974.69 | 21.82 |
| Preferably is suitable for | 32918.04 | 65.44 |
| 50302.08 |
In summary, the invention calculates the habitat suitability index according to the basic food and water source conditions, habitat preference, interference factors and the like required by the survival of the typical species, so that the obtained habitat suitability index has higher accuracy and can reflect the actual situation of the geographical environment in which the typical species survives.
Step 202: calculating migration resistance indexes of the typical species according to the habitat suitability indexes, and identifying galleries among source plaques of the typical species according to the migration resistance indexes to obtain a simulation result of the migration galleries of the typical species;
in the embodiment of the invention, a calculation formula of a resistance surface Rs is adopted to calculate a habitat suitability index, so as to obtain a migration resistance index of a typical species, wherein the calculation formula of the resistance surface is as follows: rs=100-HSI, wherein HSI is an environmental suitability index. In the invention, the resistance surface traversed by the typical species consists of at least one of a group of values of energy, difficulty and traversing risk which are consumed by the characteristic species to traverse the region, and the migration resistance of the typical species is calculated according to a resistance surface formula, so that the higher the habitat suitability is, the lower the species traversing resistance is.
The main population distribution areas in the typical species distribution areas are used as sources and sinks, namely the typical species are considered to perform migration activities among most suitable habitats. And taking a core area of a main protection area in the typical species distribution area as a source habitat plaque and a target habitat plaque which are connected with the ecological corridor, and adopting a Linkage Mapper module to identify the galleries among the source habitat plaques of the typical species, and identifying potential galleries and basic galleries so as to simulate the typical species migration galleries. The underlying gallery is the least resistant gallery between the nearest 2 patches, characterizing the possible connections to the nearest distance patches, and the potential galleries are the potential paths for each core habitat patch as a source to reach all of the surrounding patches.
In summary, the technical scheme of the invention carries out space simulation analysis based on the suitability index of the typical species habitat, takes the core area of the main protection area in the distribution area as the source habitat plaque and the target habitat plaque which are connected with the ecological corridor, and the minimum accumulated spending path of the typical species from the source habitat plaque to the target habitat plaque is the cost consumed by overcoming the habitat plaque with different resistances in the migration and diffusion processes, so that the typical species migration corridor is simulated based on the principle of species diffusion 'minimum cost distance', the operation is simple and direct, and the simulated typical species migration corridor is more accurate.
Step 203: and evaluating the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor to obtain the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor.
In the invention, the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor is evaluated, which comprises the steps of analyzing the basic corridor according to the number and the length of the basic corridor, the distance between each protection area and the number of auxiliary connection of the corridor along the plaque, so as to obtain the analysis result of the basic corridor.
Further, the survivability and migration tolerance information of the typical species are searched according to the typical species information, and when the length of the basic corridor reaches a preset threshold value, the distance between the protection areas is larger than or equal to the preset distance, and the basic corridor lacks plaque auxiliary connection along the line, an analysis result which is not suitable for the basic corridor is generated as a basic corridor analysis result.
In this embodiment, 15 basic galleries of the main protection zone in the typical species distribution zone have total length of 2868.17km, wherein the longest gallery is located between the Soxhlet-Qu Mahe protection zone and the Star sea natural protection zone for length 386.32km, and the shortest gallery is located within the open-sky river natural protection zone for length 9.47km. The distance between the protection areas is far, the distance between the basic galleries is long, and the long-distance galleries are easy to break due to interference such as artificial resistance and distance resistance due to lack of plaque auxiliary connection along the lines, so that the long-distance galleries are difficult to use.
Evaluating the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor, and further searching human activity intensity data within a preset range of a basic corridor to serve as an artificial interference index; and obtaining the average value of the cross-sectioned gallery quantity, the total gallery quantity and the cross-sectioned intensity of each gallery interference according to the basic gallery analysis result, and calculating the gallery blocking effect index.
In the invention, the mean value of the artificial interference indexes of the buffer area with 5km in the basic corridor can be searched, wherein the artificial interference indexes are the plateau human activity intensity data (2012-2017).
According to the number of times the central line of the gallery is cut off, the cross section intensity of the gallery is calculated, specifically, the number of times the central line of the gallery is intersected with the artificial interference central domain is collected, the number of times the central line of the gallery is intersected with the artificial interference central domain is taken as an index, a preset value is taken as a base number, a result obtained through calculation is taken as connectivity, an integer 1 is subtracted from the connectivity, the obtained calculation result is taken as a cross section index, the average value of the cross section intensity of the interference of each gallery is calculated, and the obtained calculation result is taken as the cross section intensity.
That is, intersecting the centerline of corridor i (i.e., the corridor vector line) with the artificial interference center domain (e.g., road) 1 time (ai is the number of cuts) reduces the connectivity by half, i.e., the connectivity is 0.5 ai The cross-sectional index of the gallery i caused by the artificial interference is 1-0.5 ai . The interference cross-sectional strength CI is that,
where n is the number of galleries traversed.
Obtaining the cross section ratio CR of interference according to the ratio of the cross section gallery number to the total gallery number:
CR＝n/N
where N is the number of cross-sectioned galleries and N is the total number of galleries.
Multiplying the cross-section proportion (CR) of the interference by the cross-section intensity (CI) of the interference to obtain a calculation result as the corridor blocking effect index BEI, i.e., bei=cr×ci.
In the invention, the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor is evaluated, and the method further comprises the step of analyzing the resistance value at the crossing point of the corridor and the road in the typical species distribution area to generate the analysis result of the resistance value at the crossing point of the corridor and the road.
Further, buffer analysis is applied by taking the gallery as a line drawing layer, buffer areas with the width of 500m on two sides of the gallery are generated, a space analysis Zonal module is applied, and the average value of the resistance surface in the buffer area is calculated and is taken as the average value of the gallery resistance (Average Resistanceof corridor)
) According to the invention, the obstruction condition of animals in the migration corridor is reflected by the corridor resistance average value, and the artificial interference is reduced as much as possible at the position with larger resistance value or the resistance value is reduced by taking proper measures. Calculating the average resistance value in the range of the circle with the radius of 500m by taking the intersection point of the corridor and the road as the center, and taking the average resistance value as the average resistance value at the intersection point (Average Resistanceof intersection +. >
). At the point of determination of the intersection where the resistance value is high, i.e.
And (5) setting a channel and reducing road interference measures. The gallery resistance average value and the resistance average value at the intersection point are taken asAnd analyzing the resistance value at the crossing point of the corridor and the road.
And evaluating the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor, and analyzing the corridor pinch points and the road network to generate a relationship analysis result of the key position of the to-be-set channel.
Further, a LinkageMapper module is used for extracting a pinch point connection diagram in the gallery, and a bottleneck region in the main gallery is identified. And superposing the pinch point connection diagram and the regional road network, and generating a suggestion for setting the key position of the channel under the condition that the position of the pinch point in the gallery is the same as the position of the intersection of the gallery and the road (Pinch intersection PI).
And evaluating the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor, and extracting a habitat interference index.
Further, a fish net tool (Fishnet) is adopted to generate a square analysis unit with the same area as the average home domain of the typical species as a basic analysis unit, the unit is overlapped with a typical species habitat suitability evaluation result and a road nuclear density map layer to obtain a habitat suitability evaluation spatial distribution and a road density spatial distribution result in the home domain range of the typical species, and a habitat suitability evaluation mean value and a road nuclear density mean value in the analysis unit are extracted; and calculating a road habitat interference index Disturb, and evaluating the interference degree of the existence of roads in the area on the habitat suitable for the typical species.
Wherein Disturb is a habitat interference index, droad is a road kernel density average, and HSI is a habitat suitability index average.
And evaluating the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor, and further identifying a road strong interference area according to the habitat interference index.
The traffic infrastructure density in the subarea is high, the habitat suitability is low, and the area with high habitat interference index is a road strong interference area (Strong interference area Sia). Suggesting that the critical area locations where typical species cross roads and railways should be provided with as efficient animal access as possible and reduce human intervention.
Step 204: and generating a typical species migration corridor setting position according to the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor.
According to the method, a typical species migration corridor setting position is generated according to a resistance value analysis result at a corridor and road intersection, a relation analysis result of a key position of a to-be-set channel and a road strong interference area.
According to the method, according to the analysis result of the resistance value at the crossing point of the corridor and the road, the position, in the typical species distribution area, of the resistance value at the crossing point of the corridor and the road, which is larger than the average value of the resistance values of the corridor, is obtained; obtaining the positions of corridor pinch points and road crossing points according to the relation analysis result of the key positions of the channels to be set; and (3) the positions of the resistance values at the positions of the corridor and the road crossing points, which are larger than the average value of the resistance of the corridor, the positions of the corridor clamping points and the road crossing points and the road strong interference area are the corridor blocking key points in the typical species distribution area.
Further, the above result is expressed by a logical calculation expression, namely:
for the established roads, the improvement and promotion proposal of the existing animal channels is proposed according to factors such as the life habit, the body size and the like of the typical species, or the typical species migration corridor is additionally constructed, and for the planned roads, the typical species migration corridor is arranged at a key point.
The method can effectively overcome the defects that the traditional determination of the suitability habitat of the wild animals is subjective, the space scale is small, the evaluation accuracy is poor, and the research of the distribution pattern and the analysis work of the migration corridor of the wild animals in a large-scale space are difficult to support. The method for identifying the wild animal migration corridor and evaluating the road network blocking influence based on GIS and suitable habitat and resistance surface evaluation is provided, the technical problem to be solved is to provide a suggestion for setting the animal channel position of a typical species, provide a basis for maintaining the habitat of the typical species and scientifically setting the animal channel position of the typical species, guide the application of the wild animal protection technology in highway construction, improve the utilization efficiency of animal channels and generate good environmental and economic benefits.
According to the invention, the suitable habitat in the typical species distribution area is evaluated based on a spatial analysis technology according to the typical species habitat preference, so that a typical species crossing resistance surface is generated. The core area of the protection area in the distribution area is used as a core habitat plaque connected with the ecological corridor, and typical species migration channels in the distribution area are simulated and identified based on the principle of species diffusion 'minimum cost distance'. And introducing an artificial interference index, a blocking effect index and a resistance value at the crossing point to identify the blocking effect of the road network on the typical species migration corridor. And determining a basic analysis unit according to the home domain range of the typical species, analyzing the environmental interference index in the unit, identifying the region with high interference intensity, and providing a suggestion for setting the animal channel position of the typical species. The invention carries out simulation evaluation on the suitability of the habitat in a typical species distribution area based on a GIS (Geography Information System, geographic information system) technology. The method has the advantages that the typical species habitat corridor is simulated according to the habitat suitability evaluation result, the road corridor blocking influence is evaluated by using the interference index and the blocking index, the typical species animal channel space site selection and layout suggestion are provided, the operation method is simple, the corridor can be simulated, and the influence of the corridor site selection on animals can be more intuitively observed.
In a second aspect of the invention, there is provided an exemplary species migration corridor locating apparatus comprising:
the computing module is used for analyzing typical species distribution areas and typical species information from the typical species migration corridor site selection request when receiving the typical species migration corridor site selection request sent by the user, collecting evaluation factors, grading the collected evaluation factors, and computing a habitat suitability index according to the evaluation factors and corresponding grading values;
in the embodiment of the invention, the evaluation factors are collected, including respectively collecting the habitat preference factors and the interference factors.
Further, according to the typical species distribution area input by the user, namely the typical species habitat, the topography, the landform, the vegetation condition, the food preference and the drinking water requirement can be collected as the habitat preference factors, and the road and the artificial interference parameters of the typical species distribution area can be collected as the interference factors.
Further, the altitude of the terrain of the typical species distribution area is collected as an altitude factor, the grade of the landform is collected as a grade factor, the distance from a water source is collected as a water source factor, the vegetation condition is collected, and the vegetation factor is set according to food preference. Road parameters are collected as traffic infrastructure interference factors, and artificial interference parameters are collected as resident point interference factors.
And scoring vegetation conditions according to the main food types of the typical species to obtain a vegetation factor scoring result. In the case of a plant species that is preferred for the typical species, a score of 100, in the case of a plant species that is preferred for the typical species, a score of 66.67, in the case of a plant species that is general for the typical species, a score of 33.33, in the case of a plant species that is not preferred for the typical species, a score of 0.
Reclassifying and scoring the distance surfaces according to the water source distance requirements of typical species to obtain a water source factor scoring result. Further, a water body vector image layer in a typical species distribution area is obtained, the distance between a typical species distribution space and a water body in the water body vector image layer is scored based on a water body distance scoring rule according to the activity capability of the typical species and the water source requirement, the score is 100 when the distance between the typical species distribution space and the water body is less than or equal to 2000 meters, the score is 50 when the distance between the typical species distribution space and the water body is more than 2000 meters and less than or equal to 7000 meters, the score is 0 when the distance between the typical species distribution space and the water body is more than 7000 meters, and a water source factor suitability scoring image layer is generated. According to the activity capability of the typical species and the requirement of the typical species on a water source, dividing the distribution space of the typical species into three areas with the distance from the water body of less than or equal to 2000 meters, more than or equal to 2000 meters and less than or equal to 7000 meters and more than 7000 meters, and respectively scoring to generate a water source distance suitability scoring result.
And generating gradient data by using a digital elevation model (DEM, digital Elevation Model) in a typical species distribution area and the digital elevation data by adopting a surface analysis tool in spatial analysis, and reclassifying and grading the digital elevation data and the gradient data according to a typical species habit, a high Cheng Shiyi sex grading rule and a gradient suitability grading rule to obtain a topography factor grading result.
Further, the suitability of elevation scoring rules include, in the case of an elevation of 3000 meters or less, a score of 0, in the case of an elevation of 3000 meters or more and 3500 meters or less, a score of 40; a score of 100 in the case where the altitude is 3500 meters or more and less than 5000 meters; a score of 60 in the case of an altitude greater than 5000 meters and less than or equal to 5400 meters; in the case of an altitude of 5400 meters or more, the score was 0.
Further, the sea level in the typical species distribution area is scored as 100, with 30% -60% number intervals on either side of the number interval scored as 60, and more than 60% intervals scored as 0.
The grade suitability scoring rule includes scoring 100 in a condition that the grade is greater than or equal to 0 ° and less than or equal to 15 °; a score of 50 in the case where the gradient is 15 ° or more and 30 ° or less; under the condition that the gradient is greater than or equal to 30 degrees, the score is 0;
In the invention, the grade value is scored according to the principle that the smaller the grade is, the higher the suitability is, and the lower the suitability is.
In the present invention, interference factors include factors that adversely affect the survival and activity of typical species, such as traffic infrastructure and populated areas. The traffic infrastructure data comprises railways, highways, secondary roads, tertiary roads, quaternary roads and the like; the point data includes towns, villages, and fixed points.
Carrying out projection conversion on traffic infrastructure and resident data to the same coordinate system, and respectively carrying out weight assignment on different grade roads as a position field by applying an ARCGIS Kernel Density estimation tool (Kernel Density) according to the barrier effect of the different grade roads on animal migration; the weight of the expressway and the railway can be 1.2, and the weight of the secondary road can be 1.0; the weight of the tertiary road can be 0.6; the weight of the four-stage path can be 0.4; the weight of the off-road may be 0.3. On the premise that the nuclear density center can be clearly distinguished and the nuclear density grade difference can be reflected, the search radius is generated. And finally, estimating a traffic infrastructure nuclear density map by adopting a default bandwidth as a search radius.
The habitat suitability index is calculated from the habitat preference factors, i.e., vegetation factors, elevation factors, slope factors, water source factors, and interference factors, i.e., traffic infrastructure interference factors, and populated point interference factors. Further, the habitat suitability index (Habitat Suitability Index, HSI) is calculated as follows:
wherein Fi is a habitat preference factor comprising: vegetation factors Fv, elevation factors Fa, gradient factors Fs, water source factors Fh, ki are interference factors, including traffic infrastructure interference factor Kn, and residential point interference factor Kr.
In the invention, the final habitat suitability index is generated by adopting a continuous multiplication and reshuffling mode, so that the consideration factors are wider, and the habitat suitability evaluation is more accurate.
In summary, the invention calculates the habitat suitability index according to the basic food and water source conditions, habitat preference, interference factors and the like required by the survival of the typical species, so that the obtained habitat suitability index has higher accuracy and can reflect the actual situation of the geographical environment in which the typical species survives.
The identification module is used for calculating migration resistance indexes of the typical species according to the habitat suitability indexes, and identifying galleries among source plaques of the typical species according to the migration resistance indexes to obtain a simulation result of the migration galleries of the typical species;
In the embodiment of the invention, a calculation formula of a resistance surface Rs is adopted to calculate a habitat suitability index, so as to obtain a migration resistance index of a typical species, wherein the calculation formula of the resistance surface is as follows: rs=100-HSI, wherein HSI is an environmental suitability index. In the invention, the resistance surface traversed by the typical species consists of at least one of a group of values of energy, difficulty and traversing risk which are consumed by the characteristic species to traverse the region, and the migration resistance of the typical species is calculated according to a resistance surface formula, so that the higher the habitat suitability is, the lower the species traversing resistance is.
The main population distribution areas in the typical species distribution areas are used as sources and sinks, namely the typical species are considered to perform migration activities among most suitable habitats. And taking a core area of a main protection area in the typical species distribution area as a source habitat plaque and a target habitat plaque which are connected with the ecological corridor, and adopting a Linkage Mapper module to identify the galleries among the source habitat plaques of the typical species, and identifying potential galleries and basic galleries so as to simulate the typical species migration galleries. The underlying gallery is the least resistant gallery between the nearest 2 patches, characterizing the possible connections to the nearest distance patches, and the potential galleries are the potential paths for each core habitat patch as a source to reach all of the surrounding patches.
In summary, the technical scheme of the invention carries out space simulation analysis based on the suitability index of the typical species habitat, takes the core area of the main protection area in the distribution area as the source habitat plaque and the target habitat plaque which are connected with the ecological corridor, and the minimum accumulated spending path of the typical species from the source habitat plaque to the target habitat plaque is the cost consumed by overcoming the habitat plaque with different resistances in the migration and diffusion processes, so that the typical species migration corridor is simulated based on the principle of species diffusion 'minimum cost distance', the operation is simple and direct, and the simulated typical species migration corridor is more accurate.
And the evaluation module is used for evaluating the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor to obtain the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor.
In the invention, an evaluation module is used for analyzing the basic galleries according to the number and the length of the basic galleries, the distance between each protection area and the number of auxiliary connection of the galleries along the plaque so as to obtain a basic gallery analysis result.
Further, the survivability and migration tolerance information of the typical species are searched according to the typical species information, and when the length of the basic corridor reaches a preset threshold value, the distance between the protection areas is larger than or equal to the preset distance, and the basic corridor lacks plaque auxiliary connection along the line, an analysis result which is not suitable for the basic corridor is generated as a basic corridor analysis result.
In this embodiment, 15 basic galleries of the main protection zone in the typical species distribution zone have total length of 2868.17km, wherein the longest gallery is located between the Soxhlet-Qu Mahe protection zone and the Star sea natural protection zone for length 386.32km, and the shortest gallery is located within the open-sky river natural protection zone for length 9.47km. The distance between the protection areas is far, the distance between the basic galleries is long, and the long-distance galleries are easy to break due to interference such as artificial resistance and distance resistance due to lack of plaque auxiliary connection along the lines, so that the long-distance galleries are difficult to use.
The evaluation module is also used for searching human activity intensity data in a preset range of the basic corridor and taking the human activity intensity data as an artificial interference index; and obtaining the average value of the cross-sectioned gallery quantity, the total gallery quantity and the cross-sectioned intensity of each gallery interference according to the basic gallery analysis result, and calculating the gallery blocking effect index.
In the invention, the mean value of the artificial interference indexes of the buffer area with 5km in the basic corridor can be searched, wherein the artificial interference indexes are the plateau human activity intensity data (2012-2017).
According to the number of times the central line of the gallery is cut off, the cross section intensity of the gallery is calculated, specifically, the number of times the central line of the gallery is intersected with the artificial interference central domain is collected, the number of times the central line of the gallery is intersected with the artificial interference central domain is taken as an index, a preset value is taken as a base number, a result obtained through calculation is taken as connectivity, an integer 1 is subtracted from the connectivity, the obtained calculation result is taken as a cross section index, the average value of the cross section intensity of the interference of each gallery is calculated, and the obtained calculation result is taken as the cross section intensity.
That is, intersecting the centerline of corridor i (i.e., the corridor vector line) with the artificial interference center domain (e.g., road) 1 time (ai is the number of cuts) reduces the connectivity by half, i.e., the connectivity is 0.5 ai Artificial interference is generatedThe cross-section index of the formed gallery i is 1-0.5 ai . The interference cross-sectional strength CI is that,
where n is the number of galleries traversed.
Obtaining the cross section ratio CR of interference according to the ratio of the cross section gallery number to the total gallery number:
CR＝n/N
where N is the number of cross-sectioned galleries and N is the total number of galleries.
Multiplying the cross-section proportion (CR) of the interference by the cross-section intensity (CI) of the interference to obtain a calculation result as the corridor blocking effect index BEI, i.e., bei=cr×ci.
In the invention, the evaluation module is also used for analyzing the resistance value at the crossing point of the corridor and the road in the typical species distribution area and generating the analysis result of the resistance value at the crossing point of the corridor and the road.
Further, buffer analysis is applied by taking the gallery as a line drawing layer, buffer areas with the width of 500m on two sides of the gallery are generated, a space analysis Zonal module is applied, and the average value of the resistance surface in the buffer area is calculated and is taken as the average value of the gallery resistance (Averag eResistanceof corridor)
) According to the invention, the obstruction condition of animals in the migration corridor is reflected by the corridor resistance average value, and the artificial interference is reduced as much as possible at the position with larger resistance value or the resistance value is reduced by taking proper measures. Calculating the average resistance value in the range of the circle with the radius of 500m by taking the intersection point of the corridor and the road as the center, and taking the average resistance value as the average resistance value at the intersection point (Average Resistanceof intersection +. >
). At the point of determination of the intersection where the resistance value is high, i.e.
And (5) setting a channel and reducing road interference measures. Average gallery resistanceThe value and the resistance average value at the crossing point are used as the analysis result of the resistance value at the crossing point of the corridor and the road.
And the evaluation module is also used for analyzing the corridor pinch points and the road network and generating a relation analysis result of the key positions of the to-be-set channels.
Further, a LinkageMapper module is used for extracting a pinch point connection diagram in the gallery, and a bottleneck region in the main gallery is identified. And superposing the pinch point connection diagram and the regional road network, and generating a suggestion for setting the key position of the channel under the condition that the position of the pinch point in the gallery is the same as the position of the intersection of the gallery and the road (PicchunterfectionPI).
And the evaluation module is also used for extracting the habitat interference index.
Further, a fish net tool (Fishnet) is adopted to generate a square analysis unit with the same area as the average home domain of the typical species as a basic analysis unit, the unit is overlapped with a typical species habitat suitability evaluation result and a road nuclear density map layer to obtain a habitat suitability evaluation spatial distribution and a road density spatial distribution result in the home domain range of the typical species, and a habitat suitability evaluation mean value and a road nuclear density mean value in the analysis unit are extracted; and calculating a road habitat interference index Disturb, and evaluating the interference degree of the existence of roads in the area on the habitat suitable for the typical species.
Wherein Disturb is a habitat interference index, droad is a road kernel density average, and HSI is a habitat suitability index average.
And the evaluation module is also used for identifying the road strong interference area according to the habitat interference index.
The traffic infrastructure density in the subarea is high, the habitat suitability is low, and the area with high habitat interference index is a road strong interference area (strongingterfaceearasia). Suggesting that the critical area locations where typical species cross roads and railways should be provided with as efficient animal access as possible and reduce human intervention.
And the generation module is used for generating a typical species migration corridor setting position according to the typical species migration corridor simulation result.
In the invention, a generation module is specifically used for generating a typical species migration corridor setting position according to a resistance value analysis result at a corridor and road intersection, a relation analysis result of a key position of a to-be-set channel and a road strong interference area.
According to the method, according to the analysis result of the resistance value at the crossing point of the corridor and the road, the position, in the typical species distribution area, of the resistance value at the crossing point of the corridor and the road, which is larger than the average value of the resistance values of the corridor, is obtained; obtaining the positions of corridor pinch points and road crossing points according to the relation analysis result of the key positions of the channels to be set; and (3) the positions of the resistance values at the positions of the corridor and the road crossing points, which are larger than the average value of the resistance of the corridor, the positions of the corridor clamping points and the road crossing points and the road strong interference area are the corridor blocking key points in the typical species distribution area.
Further, the above result is expressed by a logical calculation expression, namely:
for the established roads, the improvement and promotion proposal of the existing animal channels is proposed according to factors such as the life habit, the body size and the like of the typical species, or the typical species migration corridor is additionally constructed, and for the planned roads, the typical species migration corridor is arranged at a key point. In conclusion, the typical species habitat suitability evaluation technology provided by the invention combines the existing wild animal distribution data and observation data to perform comparison and verification, so that a universal habitat suitability evaluation method is formed, the whole process can be automatically completed, and the habitat recognition workload of the wild animals is reduced.
On the other hand, the technology for simulating and identifying typical species migration channels in a distribution area based on the principle of species diffusion 'minimum cost distance', so that large-scale wild animal migration corridor data which are difficult to acquire through observation and field investigation in the past can be acquired, and the defect of research in the field is overcome.
On the other hand, the method and the device identify the blocking influence of the road network on the typical species migration corridor based on the artificial interference index and the blocking effect index, identify the area with high road interference intensity according to the blocking influence, provide technical support for quantitatively evaluating the typical species migration blocking influence, and provide basis for further determining the typical species animal migration blocking key road section and determining the animal channel setting position on the basis of evaluation.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless expressly stated otherwise, as understood by those skilled in the art. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Further, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wirelessly connected or wirelessly coupled. The term "and/or" as used herein includes all or any element and all combination of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs unless defined otherwise. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
It should be understood that the detailed description of the technical solution of the present invention, given by way of preferred embodiments, is illustrative and not restrictive. Modifications of the technical solutions described in the embodiments or equivalent substitutions of some technical features thereof may be performed by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present description; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method of locating a typical species migration corridor, comprising:
(1) When a typical species migration corridor site selection request sent by a user is received, analyzing typical species distribution areas and typical species information from the typical species migration corridor site selection request, collecting evaluation factors, grading the collected evaluation factors, and calculating a habitat suitability index according to the evaluation factors and corresponding grading values;
the calculating the habitat suitability index according to the evaluation factors and the corresponding scoring values comprises the following steps: calculating a habitat suitability index from the habitat preference factors and interference factors, i.e
Wherein Fi is a habitat preference factor comprising: vegetation factor Fv, elevation factor Fa, gradient factor Fs, water source factor Fh; ki is an interference factor comprising: a traffic infrastructure interference factor Kn, a residential point interference factor Kr;
(2) Calculating migration resistance indexes of the typical species according to the habitat suitability indexes, and identifying galleries among source plaques of the typical species according to the migration resistance indexes to obtain a simulation result of the migration galleries of the typical species; calculating a habitat suitability index by adopting a calculation formula of a resistance surface Rs to obtain a migration resistance index of a typical species, wherein the calculation formula of the resistance surface is as follows: rs=100-HSI, wherein HSI is an environmental suitability index; calculating a formula according to the resistance surface to obtain typical species migration resistance, wherein the higher the habitat suitability is, the smaller the species crossing resistance is; the method comprises the steps that a core area of a main protection area in a typical species distribution area is used as a source habitat plaque and a target habitat plaque which are connected with an ecological corridor, a Linkage Mapper module is used for identifying galleries among the source habitat plaques of the typical species, and potential galleries and basic galleries are identified so as to simulate typical species migration galleries; the basic gallery is the least resistant gallery between the nearest 2 patches, characterizes the connection to the nearest distance patch, and the potential gallery is the potential path for each core habitat patch as a source to reach other source patches around;
(3) Evaluating the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor to obtain the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor: a square analysis unit with the same area as the average home area of the typical species is generated by using a fish net tool Fishnet as a basic analysis unit, the unit is overlapped with a typical species habitat suitability evaluation result and a road nuclear density layer, and a habitat suitability evaluation mean value and a road nuclear density mean value in the analysis unit are extracted; calculating a road habitat interference index Disturb, and evaluating the interference degree of the existence of roads in the area on the habitat suitable for typical species;
Wherein Disturb is a habitat interference index, droad is a road kernel density average value, and HSI is a habitat suitability index average value; identifying a strong road interference area according to the habitat interference index; the traffic infrastructure in the subarea has high density and low habitat suitability, and the area with high habitat interference index is a strong road interference area Sia, so that effective animal channels are indicated to be arranged at the key area positions of typical species crossing roads and railways, and artificial interference is reduced;
(4) Generating a typical species migration corridor setting position according to a typical species migration corridor simulation result; in particular to a position where the resistance value at the crossing point of the corridor and the road is larger than the average value of the resistance of the corridor
The gallery pinch point and road intersection point position PI and the road strong interference area Sia are channel blocking key points in a typical species distribution area, the channel position is finally set, and a logic calculation expression is adopted to express the result, namely:
2. the method of claim 1, wherein the step (3) further comprises: analyzing resistance values at the crossing points of the corridor and the road in the typical species distribution area, and generating a resistance value analysis result at the crossing points of the corridor and the road; specifically, a gallery is used as a line drawing layer to apply buffer area analysis, buffer areas with the width of 500m on two sides of the gallery are generated, a space analysis Zonal module is applied, the average value of the resistance surface in the buffer area is calculated and used as a gallery resistance average value, the obstruction condition of animals in a migration gallery is reflected through the gallery resistance average value, and the artificial interference is reduced as much as possible at the position with larger resistance value, or the resistance value is reduced by adopting proper measures; calculating a resistance average value in a circle range with a radius of 500m by taking a crossing point of the gallery and the road as a circle center, wherein the resistance average value is a resistance average value at the crossing point; at the point of determination of the intersection where the resistance value is high, i.e. 
And (5) setting a channel and reducing road interference measures.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (3) further comprises: analyzing the gallery pinch points and the road network to generate a relation analysis result of the key positions of the channels to be set; extracting a pinch point connection diagram in the gallery by adopting a link Mapper module, and identifying a bottleneck region in the main gallery; and superposing the pinch point connection diagram and the regional road network, and generating a suggestion for setting the key position of the channel under the condition that the position of the pinch point in the gallery is the same as the position of the intersection of the gallery and the road, namely PI.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein step (3) further comprises calculating a corridor blocking effect index, identifying a blocking effect of the road network on a typical species migration corridor; the method comprises the following steps:
the center line of the gallery i, namely the gallery vector lineIntersecting with artificial interference central domain, i.e. road for 1 time, and if ai is cut-off number, connectivity is reduced by half, i.e. connectivity is 0.5 ai The cross-sectional index of the gallery i caused by the artificial interference is 1-0.5 ai The interference cross-sectional strength CI is, for example,
wherein n is the number of cross-sectioned galleries;
obtaining the cross section ratio CR of interference according to the ratio of the cross section gallery number to the total gallery number:
CR＝n/N
Wherein N is the number of cross-sectioned galleries, and N is the total number of galleries;
multiplying the cross-section proportion (CR) of the interference by the cross-section intensity (CI) of the interference to obtain a calculation result as the corridor blocking effect index BEI, i.e., bei=cr×ci.
5. An addressing device for use in the method of any one of claims 1-4, comprising: the computing module is used for analyzing typical species distribution areas and typical species information from the typical species migration corridor site selection request when receiving the typical species migration corridor site selection request sent by the user, collecting evaluation factors, grading the collected evaluation factors, and computing a habitat suitability index according to the evaluation factors and corresponding grading values; the identification module is used for calculating migration resistance indexes of the typical species according to the habitat suitability indexes, and identifying galleries among source plaques of the typical species according to the migration resistance indexes to obtain a simulation result of the migration galleries of the typical species; the evaluation module is used for evaluating the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor to obtain the simulation result of the typical species migration corridor; and the generation module is used for generating a typical species migration corridor setting position according to the typical species migration corridor simulation result.
6. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the method according to any of claims 1-4 when the program is executed.
7. A computer readable storage medium storing a program which, when executed, is capable of implementing the method of typical species migration corridor localization of the method of any of claims 1-4.
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