CN103218770A - Technology of construction of urban-rural integration ecological security pattern - Google Patents
Technology of construction of urban-rural integration ecological security pattern Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
On the basic of theories such as landscape ecology and ecological service functions, methods such as a landscape pattern analytical method, an ecosystem service evaluation method and a landscape ecological function network simulation method are adopted, through determining technology of corridor and node positions, a heat island control pattern, a water resource protecting and flood detection pattern and a geological disaster safety protection pattern are overlaid, a critical area (such as an existing large-scale ecological plaque) and a critical node (such as an existing ecological plaque which needs to be reformed or newly built) in an ecological security pattern are judged, a critical position which needs to be ecologically built or adjusted and a sequence are obtained, the degree of importance of critical points can be calculated through plaque important indexes, integration and model optimization of technology of construction of the urban-rural integration ecological security pattern are carried out, and an ecosystem service and urban-rural spatial arrangement are linked.
Description
Technical field:
Present technique belongs to the environmental ecology field, relates generally to the theory and technology method that urban-rural integration ecological safety general layout makes up in a kind of city planning process.
Background technology:
Although through protracted and unremitting efforts, China's improvement of the ecological environment and protection have obtained very great achievement, and situation is still very severe.Ecosystem structure destruction problem becomes increasingly conspicuous, and ecological functions present the developing state that continues degeneration, and the degree of ecological degradation is in aggravation, and Ecosystem Service constantly descends.Simultaneously, a series of ecological environment problems that land deterioration, industrialization, town and countryization and mineral exploration and exploitation cause are outstanding day by day, and bio-diversity constantly reduces, the water resource worsening shortages, and the ecocatas-trophe that causes thus increasing the weight of, ecological problem is more complicated.
One of major reason that causes ecological degradation is exactly that China implements under the dual economy development model situation of town and country for a long time; ecological environmental protection is implemented town and country basically and is cut apart system; the development of urban and rural economies society is constantly asked for physical resources to the rural area; the rural area provides free or cheap ecology service for the urban and rural economies social development, but the ecological environmental protection in rural area does not obtain attention the same with the city and support with construction.
Ecological safety is the important component part of national security, in China's urbanization of villages process, town and country, zone ecological safety system constantly wrecks, problem such as fragmentation and ecological information exchanging channel blocking-up is outstanding day by day, and urban-rural integration ecological safety general layout makes up very urgent.But, make up on the theory and planning and design aspect of the ecological safety general layout structure that mainly concentrates on the city about the ecological safety general layout at present, the angle of planning as a whole from town and country, the constructing technology of research urban-rural integration ecological safety general layout and the case that is applied to put into practice are less.
Build the ecological safety general layout, thought to realize the basic guarantee of region ecology safety by most of people.Chinese scholar was studied definition, theoretical foundation and the construction method etc. of ecological safety general layout in nearly ten years.Wherein, the construction method of ecological safety general layout is the emphasis and the difficult point of research.At present, the ecological sensitivity that carries out based on ecological suitability and vertical ecological process and the importance analysis of ecosystems services are the common methods of crucial ecosection identification." view landscape security pattern " and " ecological safety general layout " is theoretical to be applied in the structure planning of the identification of the crucial ecosection of different scale, zones of different and ecological safety general layout.But; on the whole both at home and abroad for the research of region ecology safety general layout focus mostly in the wilderness area, scenic spot, ecologically fragile area, rapid economic development area carry out; research contents concentrates on the ecological safety risk assessment of Important Project and the aspects such as planning of ecological safety general layout, does not still carry out the report of ecological safety general layout constructing technology research from the angle of urban-rural integration.
From present patented technology, for ecology corridor research, existing patent relates to, for example, application number is 200710039125.5, title is to make up the patent of the small-sized wild mammal migration in city, subtropics with the method for biological gallery, is mainly the pattern of the biological gallery of structure, is a ribbon greenbelt, greenbelt width 15-20 rice, the greenbelt structure is " outer close interior dredging " type, and wherein biological gallery section structure is a symmetrical structure, and both sides are marginal belt, in the middle of the band is the core band, be buffer strip between marginal belt and the core band, the marginal belt width is a 5-6 rice, and the buffer strip width is a 2-3 rice, the core bandwidth is a 1-2 rice, described marginal belt is handed over the tight type forest belt for multiple layer mixes, and described buffer strip is for dredging saturating type shrub zone, and described core band is for dredging saturating type dungarunga band.The present invention can be suitable for the biological gallery of the small-sized wild mammal migration in city, subtropics by structure, thereby reaches the bio-diversity that improves the zone.
For Landscape Ecological Planning on the Small and Medium Sized or design, also there is patent to relate to, for example application number is 200520060943.X, and name is called the patent of the guardrail of tool ecological protection function, and guardrail body below is provided with the gallery groove that connects shape, and is provided with groove up; Utilize the gallery groove to form ecology corridor, can be beneficial to the acceleration draining, and can supply insect, animal (as crab) to pass through.Can plant green plants and be beneficial to groove, thereby have safety, ecological protection, function such as attractive in appearance.Application number is 200510010774.3, name is called the patent of method for preparing regenerative greening ecological space, a kind of method of landscape architecture on the soil of non-the Nature is disclosed, specifically seeking " regeneration soil " and form " regenerative greening ecological space " that green plants is built thereon on all kinds of buildingss of constantly building and structures, is a kind of design and construction of extraordinary greenery patches.
For the landscape pattern optimizing of consolidation, there is a little patent to relate to.For example, application number is 201010196317.9, name is called a kind of patent of landscape pattern optimizing mode of land consolidation project, mainly be the thought of utilizing landscape ecology, from the overall general layout of landscape ecological, the land consolidation project Planning Model of extensive change zone landscape pattern is optimized.The overall pattern analysis of view comprise GIS under supporting the landscape suitability evaluation method and show model construction by least consume; by protection, reconstruction and combination to key point, line, part (face); carry out the ecological reconstruction and the protected mode of stratification of landscapes, select the recovery pattern key position, make up continuable ecology pattern of landscape.Main enforcement has comprised three levels: original natural patches investigation, attributive classification and protection, the structure of the construction of irrigation canals and ditches, road, hedgerow ecology corridor and crucial gallery point of crossing.
Hence one can see that, and existing ecological general layout planning mainly is to utilize ecological theory, by making up ecology corridor, uses in the Landscape Ecological Planning of small scale or design, on the general layout that perhaps is applied in consolidation is optimized.But it is used all is application local, that solve one-sided problem.These methods, principle and theory also have certain directive significance for the structure of urban-rural integration ecological safety general layout, but structure at the region ecology safety general layout of integral body, the patent of carrying out ecological planning from the urban-rural integration aspect is necessary, and relevant analysis and invention still need to strengthen.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is in landscape ecology; on the Ecosystem Service scheduling theory basis; use the landscape pattern analysis method; the ecosystems services evaluation method; methods such as landscape ecological functional network analogy method; by gallery and site position decision technology; heat island control general layout; the stack of fwaater resources protection and flood detention general layout and geologic hazard security protection general layout; determine critical area (as existing large-scale ecological patch) and key node (as existing ecological patch that need transform or need be newly-built) in the ecological safety general layout; and calculate the significance level of key point with the patch importance index; obtain to carry out the key position and the sequencing of ecological construction or adjustment; carry out the integrated and optimization model study of urban-rural integration ecological safety general layout constructing technology, ecosystems services and town and country space layout are connected.Concrete constructing technology thes contents are as follows:
1, utilize the ecological network of ecological process to make up at the soil
Based on ecological flow theory in the landscape ecology and Ecosystem Service Value theory, at first utilize ecological process to make up ecological network at the soil that with the mankind's activity is major influence factors, concrete technology comprises: the determining of the division of view type, landscape function space distribution, view flow resistance face makes up, landscape pattern optimizing component identification (comprise and extract ecological seedbed, establish ecology corridor, discern ecological node), ecological node importance analysis and carry out ecological network prioritization scheme design etc. in conjunction with the study area present situation.The kernel model of realizing expends distance model for accumulation, and technical process is mainly finished by Geographic Information System.
2, heat island control general layout
Delimit out regional little heat island distributive province at study area, obtain the obviously locus in zone of tropical island effect, inquire into main natural, the social factor that influences tropical island effect in the study area, thereby for finding the method that suitably reduces town and country thermal environment pressure, alleviates tropical island effect that technical support is provided.
3, fwaater resources protection and flood detention general layout
By controlling some zone with crucial meaning and locus, the city flood of dissolving, minimizing rainwash, realization rain flood resource, alleviation town water pressure.Effectively utilize the waters surface such as study area present situation water system, lake, swag, connect water process within and outside the region, guarantee the complete sum health of water process; Recover the natural form of water bodys such as river course, lake, improve surface water and cover phreatic ability, form study area fwaater resources protection and flood detention landscape security pattern.
4, geologic hazard protection general layout
By monitoring to geologic hazard type and distribution, obtain the locus of the easy generation area of geologic hazard, inquire into associated natural, social factor, thereby find the technology way of alleviating and solving.
5, comprehensive ecological landscape security pattern
By above-mentioned general layout overlay analysis, obtained regional complex ecological safety general layout, and carried out landscape pattern's overall design and the construction of patch ecological engineering in conjunction with the study area integrated condition at the different ecological process.
Description of drawings:
Figure is a urban-rural integration ecological safety general layout constructing technology route map
Embodiment:
Below with the principle and the process of example in detail present technique:
1 town and country view classification of type
In ArcGIS, the Chaoyang District, Beijing City remote sensing image has been carried out visual interpretation, under GPS supports, make an on-the-spot survey on the spot to the reference mark, determine type of ground objects on the spot, improve the remote Sensing Interpretation precision.Set up Chaoyang District, Beijing City view classification of type rule, 6 class views and pairing land use pattern thereof are: building site, arable land, meadow, waters, forest land and other lands used etc.
2 town and country landscape pattern analysis and functional evaluation
By to remote sensing image decipher, classification, respectively at the landscape index of the gentle patch level calculation of landscape water study area.With the remotely-sensed data is that the basis is analyzed as can be known, and the Chaoyang District landscape fragmentation is serious, and the view shape is more irregular; The distance of each patch of building site is minimum, the concentration class height; The patch degree of fragmentation is little, and all there is fragmentation situation in various degree in other natural patches, and is connective relatively poor.
Spatial Patterns of Landscapes feature according to study area, with reference to people such as Costanza global terrestrial ecosystems unit area value of ecosystem service is estimated division methods, with thank people such as highland to China's different terrestrial ecosystems unit area value of ecosystem service estimated value be basic data, to the various view type assignments in Chaoyang District, obtain Chaoyang District landscape ecological functional strength value spatial distribution map.
The structure of 3 view resistance areas
The space motion that view flows between the different ecological seedbeds will overcome certain resistance could be realized.At this, when this means the operation of source ecological flow, the landscape ecological function will inevitably be with range attenuation, and it expends also different for different land use type.Use the Geographic Information System spatial analysis functions, calculate the inverse of all kinds ecological functions intensity respectively, obtain the landscape ecological resistance area.
The identification of 4 landscape pattern optimizing components
4.1 extract ecological seedbed
Ecological seedbed refers to reach in certain region the Ecosystem Service value height of certain scale, the view type of promotion ecological process development.Ecological seedbed is the source or the junction of material, energy even service function, as forest, park, open greenery patches, lake etc.But, can mainly determine the ecological seedbed of ecological networks at different levels (each yardstick) according to the area in vegetation coverage and seedbed based on the spatialization and the quantification of Ecosystem Service feature selecting.(area is more than or equal to 10hm for the spatial analysis technology extraction forest land of this research dependence GIS and water body patch
2Forest land, meadow, area is greater than 5hm
2Water body) as the source that main ecological benefits are provided in the zone, ecological seedbed patch spatial distribution map is set up in promptly ecological seedbed.
4.2 establish potential ecology corridor
Based on the interconnectedness principle of gallery and the range attenuation rule of gallery function and benefit, utilize accumulation to expend distance model and obtain gallery structure in the study area ecological network.According to ecological seedbed patch spatial distribution map and landscape ecological resistance area, the landscape ecological function accumulation of using GIS spatial analysis module to calculate each ecological patch respectively expends the distance surface.On this basis, generate least consume between per two ecological patches apart from the path, the view feature of calmodulin binding domain CaM, determine the minimum resistance channel network of study area landscape ecological stream operation, and then obtain the best spatial location of potential ecology corridor, by the gallery density analysis, determine preferential ecology corridor of building.
4.3 discern potential ecological node
Ecological node refers to be distributed in the space of the ecosystem, connects adjacent ecological seedbed, and the landscape component that ecological flow is played a crucial role.On landscape ecological resistance surface, be that object acquisition accumulation expends the distance surface with all ecological seedbeds.Accumulative total is expended apart from grid map as topomap, and the hydrological analysis method of using for reference in the spatial analysis module is extracted " topographical crest " that expends the distance surface, and promptly resistance area intercepts the max-thresholds of ecological flow operation; Then, calculate, obtain the common factor of " topographical crest " and shortest path,, determine the best spatial location of potential ecological node in conjunction with study area view feature by grid.By potential ecological node density analysis, blind Range Analysis, importance analysis and grade evaluation, determine the construction order of ecological node.
4.4 formation ecological network
On the basis that landscape pattern's component is optimized, set up the ecological network that ecological seedbed, ecology corridor, ecological node mutually combine.
5 heat islands control general layout
The surface temperature gradient that obtains according to remote-sensing inversion is classified as minimum warm area, lower temperature district, middle isothermal region, higher warm area, highest temperature district five classes with the Chaoyang District thermal environment, carried out the space stack with the Chaoyang District Administrative boundaries, delimit out little heat island distributive province, Chaoyang District, obtain the obviously locus in zone of tropical island effect comparatively exactly.By Vegetation Construction on every side, form " cold bridge " that the guiding natural wind is gone into the city, thereby reduce tropical island effect.
6 fwaater resources protections and flood detention general layout
By inquiry and Monitoring Data, utilize GIS and RS technology to generate Chaoyang District distribution of water resources pattern diagram.
7 geologic hazards protection general layout
The geologic hazard type of multianalysis Chaoyang District, and make the geologic hazard distribution plan in conjunction with GIS and RS technology, it is carried out classification, and carry out the space stack with the Chaoyang District Administrative boundaries, collect geologic hazard type and intensity distributions, carry out classification then.
8 comprehensive ecological landscape security patterns are optimized
By above general layout overlay analysis to different ecological processes such as Chaoyang District comprehensive ecological network, heat island control area, fwaater resources protection zone and geologic hazard guard plots; obtained Chaoyang District comprehensive ecological landscape security pattern; and, carry out the branch of the protection in ecological seedbed, the optimization of ecology corridor, ecological node and focus the consruction on, improve ecological network at the importance of individual ecological process in the ecological safety general layout.
Claims (3)
1. urban-rural integration ecological safety general layout constructing technology; its process is as follows: town and country view classification of type; town and country landscape pattern analysis and functional evaluation, the structure of view resistance area, (1 extracts ecological seedbed to the identification of landscape pattern optimizing component; 2 establish potential ecology corridor; the potential ecological node 4 of 3 identifications forms ecological network), heat island control general layout makes up, and fwaater resources protection and flood detention general layout make up; geologic hazard protection general layout makes up, and the comprehensive ecological landscape security pattern is implemented in construction.
2. landscape pattern optimizing component recognition technology comprises potential ecology corridor density analysis, potential ecological node density analysis, blind Range Analysis, importance analysis and grade evaluation analysis.
3. comprehensive ecological landscape security pattern optimisation technique comprises that ecological network is focused the consruction on, improved to the branch of the protection in ecological seedbed, the optimization of ecology corridor, ecological node.
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| CN107194850A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-09-22 | 黄河科技学院 | A kind of urban-rural integration business zoology landscape security pattern construction method |
| CN107862435A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2018-03-30 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of landscape pattern and the quantitative correlation method and system of ecosystem service function |
| CN108090204A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-05-29 | 广州地理研究所 | A kind of construction method of the System of Logic of Regional Ecological Security Pattern's simulation |
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- 2012-12-14 CN CN2012105395910A patent/CN103218770A/en active Pending
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| CN109785215A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-05-21 | 重庆工商大学融智学院 | A kind of Ecological safety pattern's construction method based on ecological environment space big data |
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| CN112990684A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-18 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Method and system for determining accessibility of green land to ecological effect of building energy consumption carbon emission reduction |
| CN112990684B (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2022-09-13 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Method and system for determining accessibility of green land to ecological effect of building energy consumption carbon emission reduction |
| CN113034040A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-06-25 | 交通运输部科学研究院 | Typical species migration corridor site selection method, device and equipment |
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| CN113505510A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-10-15 | 四川师范大学 | Ecological safety pattern recognition method fusing landscape index and random walk model |
| CN113868732A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-12-31 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method for constructing and arranging safety pattern of basin ecological corridor |
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Application publication date: 20130724 |