CN113019393A - Platinum nano catalyst, preparation method thereof and method for synthesizing aromatic amine by selective hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compound - Google Patents

Platinum nano catalyst, preparation method thereof and method for synthesizing aromatic amine by selective hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compound Download PDF

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CN113019393A
CN113019393A CN202110294570.6A CN202110294570A CN113019393A CN 113019393 A CN113019393 A CN 113019393A CN 202110294570 A CN202110294570 A CN 202110294570A CN 113019393 A CN113019393 A CN 113019393A
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platinum
catalyst
metal salt
surfactant
hydrotalcite
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CN113019393B (en
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赵建波
袁海丰
秦肖雲
贾晓东
刘应凡
***
周立明
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Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
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    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
    • B01J23/892—Nickel and noble metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
    • B01J23/60—Platinum group metals with zinc, cadmium or mercury
    • B01J35/23—
    • B01J35/393—
    • B01J35/399—
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    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
    • B01J37/031—Precipitation
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
    • B01J37/038—Precipitation; Co-precipitation to form slurries or suspensions, e.g. a washcoat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/08—Heat treatment
    • B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/08—Heat treatment
    • B01J37/10—Heat treatment in the presence of water, e.g. steam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/16—Reducing
    • B01J37/18—Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C209/30—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds
    • C07C209/32—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups
    • C07C209/36—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups by reduction of nitro groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings in presence of hydrogen-containing gases and a catalyst
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C209/30—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds
    • C07C209/32—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups
    • C07C209/36—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups by reduction of nitro groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings in presence of hydrogen-containing gases and a catalyst
    • C07C209/365—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups by reduction of nitro groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings in presence of hydrogen-containing gases and a catalyst by reduction with preservation of halogen-atoms in compounds containing nitro groups and halogen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C221/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups and doubly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aromatic amine preparation by catalytic reduction of aromatic nitro compounds, and relates to a platinum nano catalyst and a preparation method thereof, and a method for synthesizing aromatic amine by selective hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds. The platinum nano-catalyst comprises a carrier and an active component dispersed on the surface of the carrier in a nano particle form, wherein the carrier is an oxide obtained by calcining surfactant modified hydrotalcite, and the active component is platinum. The platinum nano catalyst provided by the invention has excellent catalytic activity, selectivity, recycling performance and substrate universality in the reaction process of preparing aromatic amine by reducing aromatic nitro compounds, the highest conversion rate of the aromatic nitro compounds can reach 100 percent under mild reaction conditions, the highest selectivity of the aromatic amine can reach 100 percent, the catalyst can be recycled for multiple times, and the performance of the catalyst is basically unchanged.

Description

Platinum nano catalyst, preparation method thereof and method for synthesizing aromatic amine by selective hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compound
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aromatic amine preparation by catalytic reduction of aromatic nitro compounds, and particularly relates to a platinum nano catalyst taking an oxide obtained by calcining surfactant-modified hydrotalcite as a carrier, a preparation method of the platinum nano catalyst, and a method for synthesizing aromatic amine by catalyzing hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds by using the platinum nano catalyst.
Background
In the catalytic process of fine chemical industry, aromatic amine compounds (aromatic amine for short) and derivatives thereof are important organic chemical intermediates, for example, parachloroaniline has very wide application in the industries of pesticides, medicines, dyes, additives and the like, and the development and production of aromatic amine have wide market prospect in China. Currently, the liquid-phase catalytic hydrogenation method is favored in the method for reducing aromatic nitro compounds into aromatic amines, because the method has simple and clean process, can realize continuous large-scale production, is regarded as a green, high-efficiency and advanced production process for preparing aromatic amines and derivatives thereof from aromatic nitro compounds, and has great application value.
In previous studies, catalysts used for hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds are basically supported nano-catalysts, and the supported nano-catalysts have high reactivity, and the supported nano-catalysts have a common active component, particularly noble metals such as Pt, Pd, Au, Co and Ni. However, the conventional catalytic hydrogenation method has the disadvantages that the preparation process of the catalyst is complicated, the universality is poor, and the hydrogenation reaction conditions are mostly carried out under the conditions of high pressure and high temperature, which has high requirements on equipment. In particular, when the substrate molecule contains other groups such as halogen, side reactions such as dehalogenation often occur, and the selectivity of the product decreases. At home and abroad, related researches are carried out around the hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds to prepare aromatic amine.
PtNi @ mSiO was synthesized in literature 1(RSCAdv.,2015,5:20238)2And Pt-NiO @ mSiO2The mesoporous core-shell nano catalyst is used for the reaction of preparing parachloroaniline by the selective hydrogenation of parachloronitrobenzene. Studies have shown that2Comparison of Nano catalyst, PtNi @ mSiO2And Pt-NiO @ mSiO2The selectivity of the parachloroaniline is obviously improved. However, the catalyst is only suitable for preparing p-chloroaniline by hydrogenating p-chloronitrobenzene, is not suitable for other aromatic nitro compounds, and has low universality. The intermetallic compound CuM (M ═ Pt, Pd and Au) was synthesized by butyl lithium co-reduction in reference 2(Chemical Engineering Science,2019,196: 402-413). Research shows that compared with a single metal Pt catalyst, the synthesized PtCu ordered intermetallic compound shows better selectivity in a series of hydrogenation reactions of substituted nitrobenzene. Ordered PtCu has higher selectivity than disordered PtCu and maintains the same catalytic activity as disordered PtCu.DFT calculation shows that the ordered structure is favorable for reactant adsorption and product desorption, and can avoid the coordination of Cl on the active site, thereby improving the catalytic selectivity. However, the catalyst is expensive to produce and the preparation process is cumbersome. Document 3(adv. mater.2019,31(11):1808341) discloses that nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube confined Co nanoparticles derived from organic framework materials (ZIF-67) are used for catalyzing nitro-selective hydrogenation reactions, but have low intrinsic activity.
CN101745382A discloses a catalyst for synthesizing parachloroaniline by parachloronitrobenzene hydrogenation and a preparation method thereof, wherein the catalyst takes attapulgite as a carrier and platinum as an active component, and H is at 40 ℃ and 2.0MPa2The catalyst shows excellent activity and good stability in the hydrogenation reaction of p-chloronitrobenzene. However, the reaction needs to be carried out under higher pressure, the requirement on equipment is higher, the catalyst is only suitable for preparing p-chloroaniline by hydrogenating p-chloronitrobenzene, and the catalyst is not suitable for preparing other aromatic nitro compounds, and the universality is lower.
CN105562032A discloses a catalyst for a reaction of synthesizing parachloroaniline by hydrogenation, a preparation method and an application thereof, wherein the catalyst comprises a magnetic core and platinum nanoparticles loaded on the magnetic core, and the magnetic core is a microporous zirconium dioxide layer. Although the catalyst can efficiently catalyze p-chloronitrobenzene to synthesize p-chloroaniline through hydrogenation, the selectivity of the p-chloroaniline still needs to be improved, and the preparation process of the catalyst is complex, has a long period and is difficult to produce on a large scale. In addition, the catalyst is only suitable for preparing p-chloroaniline by hydrogenating p-chloronitrobenzene, is not suitable for other aromatic nitro compounds, and has low universality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of complicated preparation process, lower universality and harsh corresponding hydrogenation reaction conditions of the existing catalyst for synthesizing aromatic amine by hydrogenating aromatic nitro compounds, and provides a platinum nano catalyst with simple preparation process and good substrate universality, which can efficiently catalyze aromatic nitro compounds to synthesize aromatic amine by hydrogenating under mild conditions.
After intensive research, the inventors of the present invention found that a platinum nanocatalyst using hydrotalcite modified by a surfactant as a carrier precursor and platinum as an active component has excellent catalytic activity, selectivity, stability and substrate universality in the reaction of preparing aromatic amine by reducing aromatic nitro compounds. Based on this, the present invention has been completed.
The first aspect of the invention provides a platinum nano-catalyst, wherein the platinum nano-catalyst comprises a carrier and an active component dispersed on the surface of the carrier in the form of nanoparticles, the carrier is an oxide obtained by calcining surfactant modified hydrotalcite, and the active component is platinum.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the platinum nanocatalyst, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing a metal mixed salt solution, an alkali mixed solution, a surfactant and a dispersing agent, wherein the metal mixed salt solution simultaneously contains divalent metal salt and trivalent metal salt, precipitating and crystallizing the obtained mixture, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the obtained solid product to be neutral, and drying to obtain the surfactant modified hydrotalcite;
s2, dispersing the surfactant modified hydrotalcite obtained in the step S1 in water, uniformly mixing the obtained suspension with a platinum precursor and alkali liquor, heating for reaction, and then sequentially centrifuging, drying and roasting the obtained heated reaction product to obtain the platinum nano catalyst.
The third aspect of the invention provides a method for synthesizing aromatic amine by selective hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compound, wherein the method comprises the step of carrying out hydrogenation reaction on the aromatic nitro compound and the platinum nano-catalyst in a solvent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the preparation process of the platinum nano-catalyst provided by the invention is simple and is beneficial to large-scale production.
(2) The platinum nano catalyst provided by the invention has excellent catalytic activity, selectivity, recycling performance and substrate universality in the reaction process of preparing aromatic amine by reducing aromatic nitro compounds, the highest conversion rate of the aromatic nitro compounds can reach 100%, the highest selectivity of the aromatic amine can reach 100%, the catalyst can be recycled for multiple times, and the performance is basically unchanged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a HAADF-STEM diagram of Pt/NiAlO-SDS as a platinum nanocatalyst obtained in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a distribution diagram of the Pt nanoparticle size in Pt/NiAlO-SDS, which is a platinum nano-catalyst obtained in example 1.
FIG. 3 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the surfactant-modified hydrotalcite NiAl-LDH-SDS and the platinum nanocatalyst Pt/NiAlO-SDS obtained in example 1 and the reference hydrotalcite NiAl-LDH obtained in comparative example 1.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the change of the product of the Pt/NiAlO-SDS nano-catalyst obtained in example 1 for p-chloronitrobenzene hydrogenation reaction with reaction time.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the recycling of the Pt/NiAlO-SDS platinum nano-catalyst obtained in example 1 for the p-chloronitrobenzene hydrogenation reaction.
Detailed Description
The platinum nano-catalyst provided by the invention comprises a carrier and an active component dispersed on the surface of the carrier in a nano particle form, wherein the carrier is an oxide obtained by calcining surfactant modified hydrotalcite, and the active component is platinum.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the amount of platinum supported in the platinum nanocatalyst is 0.5 to 2.0 wt%, and for example, may be 0.5 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 0.9 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.1 wt%, 1.2 wt%, 1.3 wt%, 1.4 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 1.6 wt%, 1.7 wt%, 1.8 wt%, 1.9 wt%, 2.0 wt%, etc.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydrotalcite is selected from at least one of NiAl hydrotalcite, CoAl hydrotalcite, ZnAl hydrotalcite, and NiFe hydrotalcite.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surfactant-modified hydrotalcite is prepared in the following manner: uniformly mixing a metal mixed salt solution, an alkali mixed solution, a surfactant and a dispersing agent, wherein the metal mixed salt solution simultaneously contains divalent metal salt and trivalent metal salt, precipitating and crystallizing the obtained mixture, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the obtained solid product to be neutral, and drying to obtain the surfactant modified hydrotalcite.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the molar ratio of the divalent metal salt to the trivalent metal salt is (1.5 to 3.0):1, and may be, for example, 1.5:1, 1.6:1, 1.7:1, 1.8:1, 1.9:1, 2.0:1, 2.1:1, 2.2:1, 2.3:1, 2.4:1, 2.5:1, 2.6:1, 2.7:1, 2.8:1, 2.9:1, 3.0:1, or the like.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the alkali mixed solution is used in an amount such that the pH of the system is 8.5 to 10.0, and may be, for example, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0, or the like. The alkali mixed solution is used for adjusting the pH value, and the purpose of using a plurality of kinds of alkali together is to enhance the interlayer anion exchangeability while increasing the binding force of the hydrotalcite plate layer to anions.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the molar ratio of the trivalent metal salt to the surfactant to the dispersant is 1 (0.5-20) to (0.1-0.5). For example, the molar ratio of the trivalent metal salt to the surfactant may be 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:11, 1:12, 1:13, 1:14, 1:15, 1:16, 1:17, 1:18, 1:19, 1:20, and the like. The molar ratio of the trivalent metal salt to the dispersant may be 1:0.1, 1:0.2, 1:0.3, 1:0.4, 1:0.5, etc.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the anion in the divalent metal salt and the trivalent metal salt is NO3 -And/or Cl-. Specifically, specific examples of the divalent metal salt include, but are not limited to: at least one of nickel nitrate, zinc nitrate, nickel chloride and zinc chloride. Specific examples of the trivalent metal salt include, but are not limited to: at least one of aluminum nitrate, ferric nitrate, cobalt nitrate, aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, and cobalt chloride.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the alkali mixture is dissolved in waterThe liquid is selected from CH4N2O、NaOH、KOH、NH3·H2O and Na2CO3At least two of them.
In the present invention, the surfactant may be various existing cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and specific examples thereof include, but are not limited to: at least one of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lignosulfonate, m-aminobenzene sulfonic acid and amino acid.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dispersant is selected from at least one of n-butanol, formamide, isooctane, and toluene.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the conditions for precipitation and crystallization include a temperature of 120 to 140 ℃ and a time of 20 to 50 hours.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the platinum nano-catalyst, which comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing a metal mixed salt solution, an alkali mixed solution, a surfactant and a dispersing agent, wherein the metal mixed salt solution simultaneously contains divalent metal salt and trivalent metal salt, precipitating and crystallizing the obtained mixture, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the obtained solid product to be neutral, and drying to obtain the surfactant modified hydrotalcite;
s2, dispersing the surfactant modified hydrotalcite obtained in the step S1 in water, uniformly mixing the obtained suspension with a platinum precursor and alkali liquor, heating for reaction, and then sequentially centrifuging, drying and roasting the obtained heated reaction product to obtain the platinum nano catalyst.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the molar ratio of the divalent metal salt to the trivalent metal salt is (1.5 to 3.0):1, and may be, for example, 1.5:1, 1.6:1, 1.7:1, 1.8:1, 1.9:1, 2.0:1, 2.1:1, 2.2:1, 2.3:1, 2.4:1, 2.5:1, 2.6:1, 2.7:1, 2.8:1, 2.9:1, 3.0:1, or the like.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the alkali mixed solution is used in an amount such that the pH of the system is 8.5 to 10.0, and may be, for example, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0, or the like.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the molar ratio of the trivalent metal salt, the surfactant and the dispersant is 1 (0.5-2.0) to (0.1-0.5). For example, the molar ratio of the trivalent metal salt to the surfactant may be 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:11, 1:12, 1:13, 1:14, 1:15, 1:16, 1:17, 1:18, 1:19, 1:20, and the like. The molar ratio of the trivalent metal salt to the dispersant may be 1:0.1, 1:0.2, 1:0.3, 1:0.4, 1:0.5, etc.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the anion in the divalent metal salt and the trivalent metal salt is NO3 -And/or Cl-. Specifically, specific examples of the divalent metal salt include, but are not limited to: at least one of nickel nitrate, zinc nitrate, nickel chloride and zinc chloride. Specific examples of the trivalent metal salt include, but are not limited to: at least one of aluminum nitrate, ferric nitrate, cobalt nitrate, aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, and cobalt chloride.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the alkali mixed solution is selected from CH4N2O、NaOH、KOH、NH3·H2O and Na2CO3At least two of them.
In the present invention, in step S1, the surfactant may be various existing cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and specific examples thereof include, but are not limited to: at least one of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lignosulfonate, m-aminobenzene sulfonic acid and amino acid.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the dispersant is at least one selected from the group consisting of n-butanol, formamide, isooctane, and toluene.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the conditions for precipitation and crystallization include a temperature of 120 to 140 ℃ and a time of 20 to 50 hours.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the platinum precursor is selected from H2PtCl6、Na2PtCl4And PtCl4At least one of (1).
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the platinum precursor is used in an amount such that the platinum loading in the obtained platinum nanocatalyst is 0.5 to 2.0 wt%, for example, 0.5 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 0.9 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.1 wt%, 1.2 wt%, 1.3 wt%, 1.4 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 1.6 wt%, 1.7 wt%, 1.8 wt%, 1.9 wt%, 2.0 wt%, etc.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the mass ratio of the surfactant-modified hydrotalcite to the alkali solution is 1 (0.1 to 1), and may be, for example, 1:0.1, 1:0.2, 1:0.3, 1:0.4, 1:0.5, 1:0.6, 1:0.7, 1:0.8, 1:0.9, 1:1.0, and the like.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the alkali solution is CH4N2O and/or NH3·H2O。
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the temperature of the heating reaction is 60 to 100 ℃ and the time is 1 to 20 hours.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the drying temperature is 50 to 70 ℃ and the drying time is 4 to 6 hours.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the baking temperature is 400 to 700 ℃, the baking time is 1 to 5 hours, and the baking atmosphere is selected from any one of argon and a hydrogen/argon mixture.
The invention also provides a method for synthesizing aromatic amine by selective hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds, which comprises the step of carrying out hydrogenation reaction on the aromatic nitro compounds and the platinum nano catalyst in a solvent.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogenation reaction conditions include a temperature of 25 to 80 ℃ and a pressure of normal pressure to 1.5MPa2The time is 10min to 200 min. In the present invention, the pressure refers to gauge pressure.
In the present invention, specific examples of the aromatic nitro compound include, but are not limited to: at least one of nitrobenzene, p-chloronitrobenzene, p-nitrotoluene, 3, 5-dimethylnitrobenzene, p-nitrostyrene, m-nitrostyrene and p-nitrobenzaldehyde.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the molar ratio of the active component to the aromatic nitro compound in the platinum nanocatalyst is (0.01 to 1: 1), and may be, for example, 0.01:1, 0.05:1, 0.1:1, 0.2:1, 0.3:1, 0.4:1, 0.5:1, 0.6:1, 0.7:1, 0.8:1, 0.9:1, 1.0:1, or the like.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetonitrile, n-hexane, and toluene.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples. The examples of embodiments are intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. The experimental procedures, in which specific conditions are not specified in the examples, are generally carried out under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturers. Unless otherwise indicated, percentages and parts are by weight.
Example 1
S1, preparation of surfactant modified hydrotalcite NiAl-LDH-SDS:
the hydrotalcite carrier is prepared by a coprecipitation method, and the molar ratio of Ni to Al is 2/1. Mixing Ni (NO)3)2And Al (NO)3)3Dissolving in deionized water to prepare 0.08mol/LNi (NO)3)2And 0.04mol/LAl (NO)3)3Mixed salt solution of Ni/Al of (1), NaOH and Na2CO3Dissolving in deionized water to prepare 0.26mol/LNaOH and 0.08mol/LNa2CO3The alkali mixed solution of (1) is prepared by stirring and mixing 13.4g of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), 160mL of isooctane, 5mL of n-butanol and 3.5mL of deionized water to obtain a mixed slurry A. Slowly dripping 100mL of Ni/Al mixed salt solution and alkali mixed solution into a three-neck flask containing 50mL of deionized water at room temperature, keeping the pH value in the flask to be about 9.0 during dripping the solution by using the alkali mixed solution, and stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed slurryAnd (B) liquid. And stirring and uniformly mixing the mixed slurry B and the mixed slurry A, transferring the mixture into a hydrothermal kettle, reacting for 48 hours at 120 ℃, taking out the obtained reaction product from the hydrothermal kettle, cooling to room temperature, and centrifugally washing the sample by using deionized water until the pH value of supernatant is about 7.0. And drying the obtained precipitate at 60 ℃ for 6h, and grinding the obtained powder sample to obtain the surfactant modified hydrotalcite NiAl-LDH-SDS.
S2, preparation of a platinum nano catalyst:
1.0g of surfactant-modified hydrotalcite NiAl-LDH-SDS was weighed into a 100mL beaker, 80mL of deionized water was added, and the mixture was stirred to form a suspension, followed by 3.1mL of 0.025mol/LH2PtCl6Stirring and mixing the solution and 0.3g of urea, heating the mixture for 16h by an oil bath at the temperature of 80 ℃, centrifuging the suspension, washing the suspension for 3 times by deionized water, drying the obtained sample for 6h in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 60 ℃, and calcining the sample for 2h in a hydrogen/argon mixed atmosphere at the temperature of 500 ℃ to obtain a platinum nano catalyst Pt/NiAlO-SDS with the Pt loading of 1.09 wt%, wherein the Pt/NiAlO-SDS is marked as a No. 1 catalyst. The HAADF-STEM diagram of the Pt/NiAlO-SDS platinum nanocatalyst is shown in FIG. 1, and it can be seen from FIG. 1 that the platinum nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed and have small particle size. The distribution diagram of the particle size of the Pt nanoparticles in the Pt/NiAlO-SDS platinum nano-catalyst is shown in FIG. 2, and as can be seen from FIG. 2, the platinum nanoparticles have a small size and an average particle size of 1.2 nm.
Comparative example 1
Hydrotalcite and platinum nanocatalyst were prepared as in example 1 except that Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) in step S1 was replaced with the same weight part of deionized water, i.e., no surfactant was added, and the other conditions were the same as in example 1, to obtain reference hydrotalcite NiAl-LDH and reference platinum nanocatalyst Pt/NiAlO, which was designated as catalyst D1 #.
The X-ray diffraction patterns of the surfactant-modified hydrotalcite NiAl-LDH-SDS and the platinum nanocatalyst Pt/NiAlO-SDS obtained in example 1 and the reference hydrotalcite NiAl-LDH obtained in comparative example 1 are shown in FIG. 3. As can be seen from fig. 3, the diffraction peak shape of NiAl-LDH-SDS was broadened compared to hydrotalcite NiAl-LDH, indicating that the thickness thereof was thinned, indicating that hydrotalcite had been successfully modified with SDS and no diffraction peak for platinum was observed.
Example 2
S1, preparation of surfactant modified hydrotalcite ZnAl-LDH-SDS:
the hydrotalcite carrier is prepared by a coprecipitation method, and the Zn/Al molar ratio is 2/1. Adding Zn (NO)3)2And Al (NO)3)3Dissolving in deionized water to prepare 0.08mol/LZn (NO)3)2And 0.04mol/LAl (NO)3)3Mixed salt solution of Zn/Al of (1), NaOH and Na2CO3Dissolving in deionized water to prepare 0.26mol/LNaOH and 0.08mol/LNa2CO313.0g of sodium lignosulfonate, 80mL of formamide and 3.0mL of deionized water are uniformly stirred to obtain mixed slurry A. And (3) slowly and dropwise adding 100mL of Zn/Al mixed salt solution and alkali mixed solution into a three-neck flask containing 50mL of deionized water at room temperature, wherein the alkali mixed solution is used in an amount which keeps the pH value in the flask to be about 9.5 during the dropwise adding of the solution, and stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed slurry B. And stirring and uniformly mixing the obtained mixed slurry B and the mixed slurry A, transferring the mixture into a hydrothermal kettle, reacting for 36 hours at 120 ℃, taking out the obtained reaction product from the hydrothermal kettle, cooling to room temperature, and centrifugally washing the sample by using deionized water until the pH value of supernatant is about 7.0. And drying the obtained precipitate at 60 ℃ for 6h, and grinding the obtained powder sample to obtain the surfactant modified hydrotalcite ZnAl-LDH-SDS.
S2, preparation of a platinum nano catalyst:
1.0g of surfactant-modified hydrotalcite ZnAl-LDH-SDS was weighed into a 100mL beaker, 80mL of deionized water was added, and after stirring thoroughly to form a suspension, 3.0mL of 0.025mol/L H was added2PtCl6The solution and 0.3g of urea are stirred and mixed, then the mixture is heated for 16h in an oil bath at 85 ℃, the suspension is centrifuged, the suspension is washed for 5 times by deionized water, the obtained sample is dried for 6h at 60 ℃ in a vacuum drying oven, and then calcined for 2h at 500 ℃ in an argon atmosphere, so that the platinum nano-catalyst Pt/ZnAlO-SDS with 1.06 wt% of Pt loading is obtained, and the label is 2# catalyst. The particle size of Pt nanoparticles in the Pt/ZnAlO-SDS nano-catalyst is 1.1-1.3 nm.
Example 3
S1, preparation of surfactant modified hydrotalcite NiFe-LDH-SDS:
the hydrotalcite carrier is prepared by a coprecipitation method, and the molar ratio of Ni to Fe is 2/1. Mixing Ni (NO)3)2And Fe (NO)3)3Dissolving in deionized water to prepare 0.08mol/L Ni (NO)3)2And 0.04mol/L Fe (NO)3)3Mixed salt solution of Ni/Fe of (1), NaOH and Na2CO3Dissolving in deionized water to prepare 0.26mol/LNaOH and 0.08mol/LNa2CO313.4g of m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, 160mL of isooctane, 5mL of n-butanol and 3.5mL of deionized water are stirred and mixed uniformly to obtain mixed slurry A. And (2) slowly and simultaneously dropwise adding 150mL of the mixed salt solution of the Li/Fe and the mixed alkali solution into a three-neck flask containing 50mL of deionized water at room temperature, wherein the mixed alkali solution is used in an amount which keeps the pH value in the flask to be about 8.5 during the dropwise adding of the solution, and stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed slurry B. And stirring and uniformly mixing the obtained mixed slurry B and the mixed slurry A, transferring the mixture into a hydrothermal kettle, reacting for 48 hours at 140 ℃, taking out the obtained reaction product from the hydrothermal kettle, cooling to room temperature, and centrifugally washing the sample by using deionized water until the pH value of supernatant is about 7.0. And drying the obtained precipitate at 60 ℃ for 6h, and grinding the obtained powder sample to obtain the surfactant modified hydrotalcite NiFe-LDH-SDS.
S2, preparation of a platinum nano catalyst:
1.0g of surfactant-modified hydrotalcite NiFe-LDH-SDS was weighed into a 100mL beaker, 80mL of deionized water was added, and after stirring thoroughly to form a suspension, 3.0mL of 0.025mol/L H was added2PtCl6Stirring and mixing the solution and 0.2g of ammonia water, heating the mixture for 12 hours in an oil bath at the temperature of 80 ℃, centrifuging the suspension, washing the suspension for 4 times by using deionized water, drying the obtained sample for 6 hours in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 60 ℃, and calcining the dried sample for 2 hours at the temperature of 600 ℃ in a hydrogen/argon mixed atmosphere to obtain a platinum nano catalyst Pt/NiFeO-SDS with the Pt loading amount of 1.12 wt%, wherein the mark of the platinum nano catalyst is a No. 3 catalyst. The particle size of Pt nanoparticles in the Pt/NiFeO-SDS platinum nano catalyst is 1.1-1.2 nm.
Test example
Weighing 100mg of No. 1-3 catalyst, adding the catalyst into a high-pressure reaction kettle containing 8mL of toluene and 5.1mol of p-chloronitrobenzene, and introducing 1.0MPa of H2Stirring and reacting for a period of time at a certain temperature, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, discharging residual hydrogen, centrifugally separating the catalyst, and performing qualitative and quantitative analysis on the reaction liquid by using GC and GC-MS, wherein the results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the platinum nano-catalyst provided by the invention has excellent catalytic activity and selectivity in the reaction process of preparing aromatic amine by reducing aromatic nitro compounds. In addition, the graph of the product of the 1# catalyst for the p-chloronitrobenzene hydrogenation reaction as a function of the reaction time is shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that under mild reaction conditions, the conversion rate of p-chloronitrobenzene and the selectivity of p-chloroaniline are increased as the reaction time is increased. When the reaction is carried out for 90min, the conversion rate of p-chloronitrobenzene is more than 99 percent, and the selectivity of p-chloroaniline is 100 percent. And the reaction time is prolonged to 180min, and the product distribution is not obviously changed. The above situation shows that the catalyst # 1 is a p-chloronitrobenzene hydrogenation catalyst with excellent performance.
100mg of No. 2 catalyst was weighed into an autoclave containing 8mL of toluene and 5.1mol of aromatic nitro compound, and 1.0MPa of H was introduced2After the reaction is finished, the reaction solution is cooled to room temperature, the residual hydrogen is discharged, after the catalyst is centrifugally separated, the reaction solution product is qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by GC and GC-MS, and the result is shown in Table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the platinum nano-catalyst provided by the invention has excellent catalytic activity, selectivity and substrate universality in the reaction process of preparing aromatic amine by reducing aromatic nitro compounds.
Weighing 100mg of 2# catalyst, adding the catalyst into a high-pressure reaction kettle containing 8mL of toluene and 5.1mol of p-chloronitrobenzene, and introducing 1.0MPa of H2The reaction was stirred at 50 ℃ for 90 min. After the reaction is finished, the catalyst is separated from the reaction liquid through centrifugation, 8mL of fresh toluene and a certain amount of p-chloronitrobenzene are continuously added into the separated catalyst, and the next reaction is carried out. The catalyst is continuously used for 6 times, and the reaction result is shown in figure 5, wherein, P-CNB representsP-chloronitrobenzene and P-CAN stands for P-chloroaniline. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the platinum nano-catalyst provided by the invention has good recycling performance in the reaction process of preparing aromatic amine by reducing aromatic nitro compounds.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002983825620000121
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0002983825620000122
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The platinum nano catalyst is characterized by comprising a carrier and an active component dispersed on the surface of the carrier in a nanoparticle form, wherein the carrier is an oxide obtained by calcining surfactant modified hydrotalcite, and the active component is platinum.
2. The platinum nanocatalyst of claim 1, wherein the loading of platinum in the platinum nanocatalyst is 0.5 to 2.0 wt%; the hydrotalcite is at least one of NiAl hydrotalcite, CoAl hydrotalcite, ZnAl hydrotalcite and NiFe hydrotalcite.
3. The platinum nanocatalyst of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the surfactant-modified hydrotalcite is prepared in the following way: uniformly mixing a metal mixed salt solution, an alkali mixed solution, a surfactant and a dispersing agent, wherein the metal mixed salt solution simultaneously contains divalent metal salt and trivalent metal salt, precipitating and crystallizing the obtained mixture, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the obtained solid product to be neutral, and drying to obtain the surfactant modified hydrotalcite.
4. The platinum nanocatalyst of claim 3, wherein the molar ratio of the divalent metal salt to the trivalent metal salt is (1.5-3.0): 1; the dosage of the alkali mixed solution enables the pH value of the system to be 8.5-10.0; the molar ratio of the trivalent metal salt to the surfactant to the dispersant is 1 (0.5-20) to 0.1-0.5; the conditions of the precipitation and crystallization comprise that the temperature is 120-140 ℃ and the time is 20-50 h.
5. The platinum nanocatalyst of claim 3, wherein the anion of the divalent and trivalent metal salts is NO3 -And/or Cl-(ii) a Preferably, the divalent metal salt is selected from at least one of nickel nitrate, zinc nitrate, nickel chloride and zinc chloride; preferably, the trivalent metal salt is selected from at least one of aluminum nitrate, ferric nitrate, cobalt nitrate, aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, and cobalt chloride; the alkali mixed solution is selected from CH4N2O、NaOH、KOH、NH3·H2O and Na2CO3At least two of; the surfactant is selected from at least one of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lignosulfonate, m-aminobenzene sulfonic acid and amino acid; the dispersing agent is at least one of n-butanol, formamide, isooctane and toluene.
6. The method for preparing a platinum nanocatalyst as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing a metal mixed salt solution, an alkali mixed solution, a surfactant and a dispersing agent, wherein the metal mixed salt solution simultaneously contains divalent metal salt and trivalent metal salt, precipitating and crystallizing the obtained mixture, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the obtained solid product to be neutral, and drying to obtain the surfactant modified hydrotalcite;
s2, dispersing the surfactant modified hydrotalcite obtained in the step S1 in water, uniformly mixing the obtained suspension with a platinum precursor and alkali liquor, heating for reaction, and then sequentially centrifuging, drying and roasting the obtained heated reaction product to obtain the platinum nano catalyst.
7. The method for preparing the platinum nanocatalyst according to claim 6, wherein in step S1, the molar ratio of the divalent metal salt to the trivalent metal salt is (1.5-3.0): 1; the dosage of the alkali mixed solution enables the pH value of the system to be 8.5-10.0; the molar ratio of the trivalent metal salt to the surfactant to the dispersant is 1 (0.5-20) to 0.1-0.5; the conditions of the precipitation and crystallization comprise that the temperature is 120-140 ℃ and the time is 20-50 h; the anion in the divalent metal salt and the trivalent metal salt is NO3 -And/or Cl-(ii) a Preferably, the divalent metal salt is selected from at least one of nickel nitrate, zinc nitrate, nickel chloride and zinc chloride; preferably, the trivalent metal salt is selected from at least one of aluminum nitrate, ferric nitrate, cobalt nitrate, aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, and cobalt chloride; the alkali mixed solution is selected from CH4N2O、NaOH、KOH、NH3·H2O and Na2CO3At least two of; the surfactant is selected from at least one of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lignosulfonate, m-aminobenzene sulfonic acid and amino acid; the dispersing agent is at least one of n-butanol, formamide, isooctane and toluene.
8. The method for preparing a platinum nanocatalyst according to claim 6 or 7, wherein in step S2, the platinum precursor is selected from H2PtCl6、Na2PtCl4And PtCl4At least one of; the amount of the platinum precursor is 0.5-2.0 wt% of the platinum loading amount in the obtained platinum nano-catalyst; the mass ratio of the surfactant modified hydrotalcite to the alkali liquor is 1 (0.1-1); the alkali liquor is CH4N2O and/or NH3·H2O; the heating is carried outThe temperature is 60-100 ℃, and the time is 1-20 h; the drying temperature is 50-70 ℃, and the drying time is 4-6 h; the roasting temperature is 400-700 ℃, the roasting time is 1-5 hours, and the roasting atmosphere is any one of argon and hydrogen/argon mixed gas.
9. A method for synthesizing aromatic amine by selective hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds is characterized by comprising the step of carrying out hydrogenation reaction on the aromatic nitro compounds and a catalyst in a solvent, wherein the catalyst is the platinum nano catalyst as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.
10. The method for synthesizing aromatic amine by selective hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compound according to claim 9, wherein the hydrogenation reaction conditions include a temperature of 25 to 80 ℃ and a pressure of normal pressure to 1.5MPa H2The time is 10min to 200 min; the aromatic nitro compound is selected from at least one of nitrobenzene, p-chloronitrobenzene, p-nitrotoluene, 3, 5-dimethylnitrobenzene, p-nitrostyrene, m-nitrostyrene and p-nitrobenzaldehyde; the molar ratio of the active component to the aromatic nitro compound in the platinum nano catalyst is (0.01-1): 1.
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