CN112996208B - Plasma torch cathode and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Plasma torch cathode and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112996208B CN112996208B CN201911295258.8A CN201911295258A CN112996208B CN 112996208 B CN112996208 B CN 112996208B CN 201911295258 A CN201911295258 A CN 201911295258A CN 112996208 B CN112996208 B CN 112996208B
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- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plasma torch cathode and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method of the plasma torch cathode comprises the following steps: coating copper on the surface of an electrode body made of metal hafnium, and performing primary sintering to obtain a primary sintered body, wherein a hafnium copper alloy layer is formed between the electrode body and a copper layer obtained by sintering in the primary sintered body; and coating silver on the surface of the primary sintered body for secondary sintering to obtain a secondary sintered body, wherein a copper-silver alloy layer is formed at the joint of the silver layer and the copper layer obtained by sintering in the secondary sintered body. The plasma torch cathode includes: the electrode body is made of hafnium metal; the silver heat dissipation layer is coated on the outer surface of the electrode body and is connected with the electrode body; the transition layer is used for connecting the silver heat dissipation layer and the electrode body, a hafnium copper alloy layer is arranged on one side, close to the electrode body, of the transition layer, and a copper silver alloy layer is arranged on one side, close to the silver heat dissipation layer, of the transition layer. The cathode has good conductivity and heat dissipation performance, and the heat dissipation layer is firmly connected with the electrode body, so that the service life of the electrode is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ion generator preparation, in particular to a plasma torch cathode and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The plasma torch mainly comprises an anode, a cathode and a coil, and is widely applied to the fields of plasma cutting, plasma welding, hazardous waste treatment, ignition of a thermal power plant and the like.
In the use process of the plasma torch, compared with other components, the environment of the cathode is more severe, the cathode is positioned in the discharge center of the plasma torch and directly bears the joule heat caused by ion bombardment, heat radiation and discharge current, so that the cooling of the cathode is one of important factors for determining the service life of the cathode.
At present, because metal hafnium is difficult to oxidize under high temperature conditions, and has a very high melting point, the work function and oxidation resistance of electrons of the metal hafnium are very strong, when an oxygen-containing medium such as air, oxygen or steam is used, the metal hafnium is generally selected as a material of the cathode. In order to improve the service life of the cathode, a heat dissipation layer can be added outside the electrode rod of the cathode, and heat is timely conducted out through the heat dissipation layer. For example: the heat dissipation layer made of copper is added, copper has good conductivity and can solve the cathode oxidation burning loss caused by overhigh temperature, but when pure copper is used as the heat dissipation layer material, the service life of the pure copper is only 20-35 hours. The cathode is to be further optimized in order to increase the lifetime of the electrode.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a plasma torch cathode which solves the problem that the service life of an electrode is short.
In order to solve the above technical problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a cathode of a plasma torch, the method for preparing a cathode of a plasma torch comprising: coating copper on the surface of an electrode body made of metal hafnium, and performing primary sintering to obtain a primary sintered body, wherein a hafnium copper alloy layer is formed between the electrode body and a copper layer obtained by sintering in the primary sintered body; and coating silver on the surface of the primary sintered body for secondary sintering to obtain a secondary sintered body, wherein a copper-silver alloy layer is formed at the joint of the silver layer and the copper layer obtained by sintering in the secondary sintered body.
Further, before the primary sintering, the electrode body is subjected to primary finishing, wherein the primary finishing comprises grinding, polishing and cleaning treatment; and (3) performing secondary finishing on the primary sintered body before performing secondary sintering, wherein the secondary finishing comprises grinding, polishing and cleaning treatment.
Further, the secondary finishing further includes: cutting treatment; cutting the primary sintered body to make the thickness of the simple substance copper layer larger than that of the copper-hafnium alloy layer; the thickness of the simple substance copper layer is 0.01-0.05mm.
Further, the primary sintering includes: filling an electrode body made of metal hafnium into a die; filling copper powder in a die provided with an electrode body; heating the die filled with the electrode body and the copper powder to a first preset temperature, wherein the first preset temperature is 930-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-30min; the temperature rising rate is 90-110 ℃/min in the temperature rising process from room temperature to 600 ℃, the temperature rising rate is 40-60 ℃/min in the temperature rising process from 600-800 ℃, and the temperature rising rate is 8-12 ℃/min in the temperature rising process from 800 ℃ to the first preset temperature.
Further, the secondary sintering includes: loading the primary sintered body into a mold; filling silver powder in a mould provided with a primary sintered body; heating the die filled with the primary sintered body and silver powder to a second preset temperature, wherein the second preset temperature is 740-800 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-30min; the temperature rising rate is 90-110 ℃/min in the temperature rising process of room temperature to 600 ℃, the temperature rising rate is 40-60 ℃/min in the temperature rising process of 600-700 ℃, and the temperature rising rate is 8-12 ℃/min in the temperature rising process of 700 ℃ to the second preset temperature.
Further, the primary sintering and the secondary sintering are carried out in a vacuum-pumping and pressurizing environment, and the pressurizing pressure is 20-40MPa.
Further, pressure maintaining cooling is needed in the primary sintering and secondary sintering processes, and the pressure maintaining pressure is 20-40MPa.
Further, graphite paper is paved on the inner wall of the die; one end surface of the die, which is contacted with the copper powder or the silver powder, is coated with a release agent.
Further, the method further comprises: performing heat treatment and mechanical processing on the prepared secondary sintered body; the heat treatment temperature is lower than 500 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 1-2 hours; and machining the heat-treated secondary sintered body according to a preset size to obtain the finished plasma torch cathode.
A second aspect of an embodiment of the invention provides a plasma torch cathode, the plasma torch cathode comprising: the electrode body is made of hafnium metal; the silver heat dissipation layer is coated on the outer surface of the electrode body and is connected with the electrode body; the transition layer is used for connecting the silver heat dissipation layer and the electrode body, a hafnium copper alloy layer is arranged on one side, close to the electrode body, of the transition layer, and a copper silver alloy layer is arranged on one side, close to the silver heat dissipation layer, of the transition layer.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the problem of short service life of the electrode when pure copper is used as a heat dissipation layer material is solved;
2. the problem of when regard as the heat dissipation layer material with pure silver, the heat dissipation layer is poor with electrode body connection effect is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a binary gold phase diagram of hafnium and copper provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a binary gold phase diagram of copper and silver provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a cathode structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by the following detailed description of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the description is only illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a cathode of a plasma torch, which includes: coating copper on the surface of an electrode body made of metal hafnium, and performing primary sintering to obtain a primary sintered body, wherein a hafnium copper alloy layer is formed between the electrode body and a copper layer obtained by sintering in the primary sintered body; and coating silver on the surface of the primary sintered body for secondary sintering to obtain a secondary sintered body, wherein a copper-silver alloy layer is formed at the joint of the silver layer and the copper layer obtained by sintering in the secondary sintered body. The electrode body is a hafnium rod or ingot.
Silver materials with better heat conduction capability are well applied to the electrodes made of hafnium materials, so that the heat conduction of the heat dissipation layer is improved, and the service life of the cathode is prolonged; in addition, when silver is used as a heat dissipation layer, the conductivity of the cathode is also improved, the ablation rate of the hafnium material is further reduced, and the service life of the cathode is prolonged; meanwhile, copper-hafnium and copper-silver are utilized to easily form alloy phases and have the characteristic of good bonding interfaces, copper is used as an intermediate medium to realize good bonding of silver-hafnium interfaces, the problem of gaps caused by direct bonding of silver-hafnium is solved, and the heat conduction and conduction capability of a heat dissipation layer is improved, so that the service life of the plasma torch can be prolonged.
In one embodiment, the electrode body is subjected to a finishing step prior to the primary sintering step, the primary finishing step including grinding, polishing and cleaning; and (3) performing secondary finishing on the primary sintered body before performing secondary sintering, wherein the secondary finishing comprises grinding, polishing and cleaning treatment. Finishing treatment is carried out to ensure that the metallographic phase of the sintered finished alloy is uniform and the connection is more stable.
In a preferred embodiment, the secondary finishing further comprises: cutting treatment; cutting the primary sintered body to make the thickness of the simple substance copper layer larger than that of the copper-hafnium alloy layer; the thickness of the simple substance copper layer is 0.01-0.05mm. The transition layer formed after secondary sintering is composed of a hafnium copper alloy layer and a copper silver alloy layer, no independent copper layer exists between the two layers, and the heat dissipation effect of the transition layer is prevented from being reduced when the copper layer exists.
In this embodiment, the primary sintering includes: filling an electrode body made of metal hafnium into a die; filling copper powder in a die provided with an electrode body; heating the die filled with the electrode body and the copper powder to a first preset temperature, wherein the first preset temperature is 930-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-30min; the temperature rising rate is 90-110 ℃/min in the temperature rising process from room temperature to 600 ℃, the temperature rising rate is 40-60 ℃/min in the temperature rising process from 600-800 ℃, and the temperature rising rate is 8-12 ℃/min in the temperature rising process from 800 ℃ to the first preset temperature.
In one embodiment, the secondary sintering comprises: loading the primary sintered body into a mold; filling silver powder in a mould provided with a primary sintered body; heating the die filled with the primary sintered body and silver powder to a second preset temperature, wherein the second preset temperature is 740-800 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-30min; the temperature rising rate is 90-110 ℃/min in the temperature rising process of room temperature to 600 ℃, the temperature rising rate is 40-60 ℃/min in the temperature rising process of 600-700 ℃, and the temperature rising rate is 8-12 ℃/min in the temperature rising process of 700 ℃ to the second preset temperature. The second preset temperature is lower than the first preset temperature, so that the formation of a hafnium-copper-silver alloy layer is prevented, and the connectivity is reduced.
In the primary sintering process and the secondary sintering process, one end of a body to be sintered is fixed in a pressure head of a die, the other end is exposed to a proper size for contact with metal powder, and finally the cathode is formed by sintering.
The metal hafnium and copper are easy to realize alloying at about 960 ℃ to form a compact bonding interface; the metallic copper and silver are easy to realize alloying at about 780 ℃ and can form a compact bonding interface. Through two-step sintering, firstly, copper and hafnium are sintered to form a compact interface, then copper-silver interface sintering is carried out, and an electrode with better electric conduction and thermal conductivity is obtained by adjusting the temperature, the pressure and the heat preservation time of the two sintering processes, and the silver heat dissipation layer of the electrode is well and seamlessly connected with the hafnium rod electrode body, so that the service life of the electrode is prolonged.
In one embodiment, the copper or silver powder is uniformly packed in the mold, and the copper or silver powder is compacted and the mold is encapsulated after packing is completed.
In one embodiment, the silver powder is present in an amount greater than the copper powder to ensure that the cathode is produced with a silver heat sink layer outside, rather than a copper-silver alloy heat sink layer, while ensuring that the silver heat sink layer has sufficient heat dissipation capability.
In one embodiment, the primary and secondary sintering are performed in a vacuum and pressurized environment at a pressure of 20-40MPa. In one embodiment, the mold cavity is evacuated and the metal powder is pressurized from both ends of the mold, and after evacuation and pressurization, the temperature is slowly raised.
In one embodiment, the primary sintering and the secondary sintering are performed with pressure maintaining cooling, and the pressure maintaining pressure is 20-40MPa. Specifically, the temperature lowering treatment is performed while maintaining the high-pressure condition.
In one embodiment, graphite paper is laid on the inner wall of the die; one end surface of the die, which is contacted with the copper powder or the silver powder, is coated with a release agent.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: performing heat treatment and mechanical processing on the prepared secondary sintered body; the heat treatment temperature is lower than 500 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 1-2 hours; and machining the heat-treated secondary sintered body according to a preset size to obtain the finished plasma torch cathode. Specifically, the prepared cathode head or electrode rod is subjected to vacuum tube sealing heat treatment in a muffle furnace.
A second aspect of an embodiment of the invention provides a plasma torch cathode, the plasma torch cathode comprising: the electrode body is made of hafnium metal; the silver heat dissipation layer is coated on the outer surface of the electrode body and is connected with the electrode body; the transition layer is used for connecting the silver heat dissipation layer and the electrode body, a hafnium copper alloy layer is arranged on one side, close to the electrode body, of the transition layer, and a copper silver alloy layer is arranged on one side, close to the silver heat dissipation layer, of the transition layer.
According to the plasma torch electrode, the heat dissipation layer is the silver layer, and meanwhile, the mode of the alloy transition layer is adopted between hafnium and silver, so that the problem that the hafnium and the silver cannot be connected in an alloy mode is solved, the integration of hafnium and silver is well combined, and the service life of the plasma torch is prolonged. By the method, a better bonding interface between the metal hafnium and the silver can be obtained, the heat conduction and electric conduction capacity of the heat dissipation layer is improved, the cathode is prevented from being ablated, and the service life of the plasma torch is further prolonged. The improvement measure greatly improves the cooling capacity of the electrode and can obviously improve the service life of the plasma torch.
The invention is further illustrated below in connection with specific examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Comparative example 1
A method of preparing a plasma torch cathode comprising the steps of:
step 1: taking hafnium rods with the purity of 99.9% as a raw material, processing the hafnium rods into hafnium particles with the diameter of 2mm and the height of 11mm, specifically forming cylindrical or cuboid columns, polishing the hafnium particles, cleaning the hafnium particles with hydrochloric acid solution with the volume concentration of 20-50%, removing residual hydrochloric acid on the surface by using deionized water, and finally repeatedly ultrasonically cleaning the hafnium particles with absolute ethyl alcohol for a plurality of times and drying the hafnium particles.
Step 2: inserting the hafnium rod into a graphite pressure head with holes, leaking outside to a proper size, filling a proper amount of copper powder into a graphite die with the hafnium rod, and compacting.
Step 3: and (3) placing the graphite mould filled with the copper powder and the hafnium rod into discharge plasma equipment, vacuumizing, setting the sintering pressure to 20MPa, slowly heating to 940 ℃, preserving heat, sintering for 10min, and maintaining pressure and cooling along with a furnace.
Step 4: a cathode head was machined and then a life test run was performed on a plasma torch for continuous use.
The cathode prepared in this comparative example was damaged after continuous use for 35 hours.
Example 1
A method of preparing a plasma torch cathode comprising the steps of:
step 1: taking hafnium rods with the purity of 99.9% as a raw material, processing the hafnium rods into hafnium particles with the diameter of 2mm and the height of 11mm, specifically forming cylindrical or cuboid columns, polishing the hafnium particles, cleaning the hafnium particles with hydrochloric acid solution with the volume concentration of 20-50%, removing residual hydrochloric acid on the surface by using deionized water, and finally repeatedly ultrasonically cleaning the hafnium particles with absolute ethyl alcohol for a plurality of times and drying the hafnium particles.
Step 2: inserting the hafnium rod into a graphite pressure head with holes, leaking outside to a proper size, filling a proper amount of copper powder into a graphite die with the hafnium rod, and compacting.
Step 3: and (3) placing the graphite mould filled with the copper powder and the hafnium rod into discharge plasma equipment, vacuumizing, setting the sintering pressure to 20MPa, slowly heating to 940 ℃, preserving heat, sintering for 10min, and maintaining pressure and cooling along with a furnace.
Step 4: after sintering, the copper-hafnium sample is machined into a target size
Step 5: inserting a copper-free layer part of the hafnium rod with the copper layer into a graphite pressure head, filling a proper amount of silver powder into a graphite die to enable the metal powder to be in uniform contact with the copper layer part, and compacting.
Step 6: placing the graphite mold filled with silver powder and hafnium rod with copper layer into plasma equipment, vacuumizing, setting sintering pressure to 20MPa, slowly heating to 760 ℃, preserving heat for 20min, and cooling along with furnace under pressure maintaining.
Step 7: a cathode head was machined and then a life test run was performed on a plasma torch for continuous use.
The cathode prepared in this example was damaged after 53 hours of continuous use.
Example 2
A method of preparing a plasma torch cathode comprising the steps of:
step 1: hafnium bars or ingots with the purity of 99.9% are taken as raw materials, hafnium particles with the diameter of 2mm and the height of 11mm are processed, the specific shape is cylindrical or cuboid columns, the hafnium particles are polished, the hafnium particles are cleaned by hydrochloric acid solution with the volume concentration of 20-50%, then deionized water is used for removing residual hydrochloric acid on the surfaces, and finally absolute ethyl alcohol is used for repeatedly and ultrasonically cleaning for a plurality of times and drying.
Step 2: inserting the hafnium rod into a graphite pressure head with holes, leaking outside to a proper size, filling a proper amount of copper powder into a graphite die with the hafnium rod, and compacting.
Step 3: and (3) placing the graphite mould filled with the copper powder and the hafnium rod into discharge plasma equipment, vacuumizing, setting the sintering pressure to be 30MPa, slowly heating to 940 ℃, preserving heat, sintering for 10min, and maintaining pressure and cooling along with a furnace.
Step 4: and (5) machining after the sintering of the copper-hafnium sample is finished, and machining the copper-hafnium sample into a target size.
Step 5: inserting a copper-free layer part of the hafnium rod with the copper layer into a graphite pressure head, filling a proper amount of silver powder into a graphite die to enable the metal powder to be in uniform contact with the copper layer part, and compacting.
Step 6: placing the graphite mold filled with silver powder and hafnium rod with copper layer into plasma equipment, vacuumizing, setting sintering pressure to 30MPa, slowly heating to 760 ℃, preserving heat for 20min, and cooling with furnace while maintaining pressure.
Step 7: a cathode head was machined and then a life test run was performed on a plasma torch for continuous use.
The cathode prepared in this example was damaged after continuous use for 58 hours.
Example 3
A method of preparing a plasma torch cathode comprising the steps of:
step 1: hafnium bars or ingots with the purity of 99.9% are taken as raw materials, hafnium particles with the diameter of 2mm and the height of 11mm are processed, the specific shape is cylindrical or cuboid columns, the hafnium particles are polished, the hafnium particles are cleaned by hydrochloric acid solution with the volume concentration of 20-50%, then deionized water is used for removing residual hydrochloric acid on the surfaces, and finally absolute ethyl alcohol is used for repeatedly and ultrasonically cleaning for a plurality of times and drying.
Step 2: inserting the hafnium rod into a graphite pressure head with holes, leaking outside to a proper size, filling a proper amount of copper powder into a graphite die with the hafnium rod, and compacting.
Step 3: placing the graphite mould filled with copper powder and hafnium rod into discharge plasma equipment, vacuumizing, the sintering pressure is set to be 30MPa, the temperature is slowly raised to 940 ℃, the heat preservation and sintering are carried out for 20min, and the pressure is maintained and cooled along with the furnace.
Step 4: and (5) machining after the sintering of the copper-hafnium sample is finished, and machining the copper-hafnium sample into a target size.
Step 5: inserting a copper-free layer part of the hafnium rod with the copper layer into a graphite pressure head, filling a proper amount of silver powder into a graphite die to enable the metal powder to be in uniform contact with the copper layer part, and compacting.
Step 6: placing the graphite mold filled with silver powder and hafnium rod with copper layer into plasma equipment, vacuumizing, setting sintering pressure to 30MPa, slowly heating to 760 ℃, preserving heat for 20min, and cooling with furnace while maintaining pressure.
Step 7: a cathode head was machined and then a life test run was performed on a plasma torch for continuous use.
The cathode prepared in this example was damaged after continuous use for 65 hours.
Example 4
A method of preparing a plasma torch cathode comprising the steps of:
step 1: hafnium bars or hafnium ingots with the purity of 99.9% are taken as raw materials, hafnium particles with the diameter of 2mm and the height of 11mm are processed, the specific shape is cylindrical or cuboid columns, the hafnium particles are polished, the hafnium particles are cleaned by hydrochloric acid solution with the volume concentration of 20-50%, then deionized water is used for removing residual hydrochloric acid on the surfaces, and finally absolute ethyl alcohol is used for repeatedly carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for a plurality of times and drying.
Step 2: inserting the hafnium rod into a graphite pressure head with holes, leaking outside to a proper size, filling a proper amount of copper powder into a graphite die with the hafnium rod, and compacting.
Step 3: and (3) placing the graphite mould filled with the copper powder and the hafnium rod into discharge plasma equipment, vacuumizing, setting the sintering pressure to be 30MPa, slowly heating to 940 ℃, preserving heat, sintering for 30min, and maintaining pressure and cooling along with a furnace.
Step 4: and (5) machining after the sintering of the copper-hafnium sample is finished, and machining the copper-hafnium sample into a target size.
Step 5: inserting a copper-free layer part of the hafnium rod with the copper layer into a graphite pressure head, filling a proper amount of silver powder into a graphite die to enable the metal powder to be in uniform contact with the copper layer part, and compacting.
Step 6: placing the graphite mold filled with silver powder and hafnium rod with copper layer into plasma equipment, vacuumizing, setting sintering pressure to 30MPa, slowly heating to 750 ℃, preserving heat for 20min, and cooling with furnace while maintaining pressure.
Step 7: a cathode head was machined and then a life test run was performed on a plasma torch for continuous use.
The cathode prepared in this example was damaged after continuous use for 45 hours.
The service lives of the electrodes prepared by the different methods are different, and the comparison shows that the preparation method of the plasma torch cathode provided by the invention obviously improves the service life of the plasma torch.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explanation of the principles of the present invention and are in no way limiting of the invention. Accordingly, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the appended claims are intended to cover all such changes and modifications that fall within the scope and boundary of the appended claims, or equivalents of such scope and boundary.
Claims (8)
1. A method of preparing a plasma torch cathode, comprising the steps of:
copper is coated on the surface of an electrode body made of metal hafnium for primary sintering to obtain a primary sintered body, in the primary sintered body, a hafnium copper alloy layer is formed between the electrode body and the copper layer obtained by sintering;
coating silver on the surface of the primary sintered body for secondary sintering to obtain a secondary sintered body, wherein a copper-silver alloy layer is formed at the joint of the silver layer obtained by sintering and the copper layer, and no independent copper layer exists in the secondary sintered body;
performing primary finishing on the electrode body before performing primary sintering, wherein the primary finishing comprises grinding, polishing and cleaning treatment;
performing secondary finishing on the primary sintered body before performing the secondary sintering, wherein the secondary finishing comprises grinding, polishing and cleaning treatment;
the secondary finishing further includes: cutting treatment;
cutting the primary sintered body to enable the thickness of the simple substance copper layer to be larger than that of the hafnium copper alloy layer;
the thickness of the simple substance copper layer is 0.01-0.05mm;
the primary sintering comprises:
loading the electrode body made of the metal hafnium into a die;
filling copper powder in the die provided with the electrode body;
heating the die filled with the electrode body and the copper powder to a first preset temperature;
the secondary sintering includes:
loading the primary sintered body into the mold;
filling silver powder in the mold provided with the primary sintered body;
heating the die filled with the primary sintered body and the silver powder to a second preset temperature;
the second preset temperature is lower than the first preset temperature.
2. The method of preparing a plasma torch cathode according to claim 1, wherein,
the first preset temperature is 930-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-30min;
the temperature rising rate is 90-110 ℃/min in the temperature rising process from room temperature to 600 ℃, the temperature rising rate is 40-60 ℃/min in the temperature rising process from 600-800 ℃, and the temperature rising rate is 8-12 ℃/min in the temperature rising process from 800 ℃ to the first preset temperature.
3. A method of preparing a plasma torch cathode according to claim 2, wherein,
the second preset temperature is 740-800 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-30min;
the temperature rising rate is 90-110 ℃/min in the temperature rising process from room temperature to 600 ℃, the temperature rising rate is 40-60 ℃/min in the temperature rising process from 600-700 ℃, and the temperature rising rate is 8-12 ℃/min in the temperature rising process from 700 ℃ to the second preset temperature.
4. The method of preparing a plasma torch cathode according to claim 1, wherein,
the primary sintering and the secondary sintering are performed in a vacuum-pumping and pressurizing environment, and the pressurizing pressure is 20-40MPa.
5. The method of preparing a plasma torch cathode according to claim 1, wherein,
and the primary sintering and the secondary sintering are subjected to pressure maintaining and cooling, and the pressure maintaining pressure is 20-40MPa.
6. A method of preparing a plasma torch cathode according to claim 3, wherein,
graphite paper is paved on the inner wall of the die;
one end surface of the die, which is contacted with the copper powder or the silver powder, is coated with a release agent.
7. The method of preparing a plasma torch cathode according to claim 1, further comprising:
performing heat treatment and mechanical processing on the prepared secondary sintered body;
the heat treatment temperature is lower than 500 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 1-2 hours;
and carrying out the mechanical processing on the secondary sintered body subjected to the heat treatment according to a preset size to obtain a finished plasma torch cathode.
8. A plasma torch cathode prepared by the method of any of claims 1-7, comprising:
the electrode body is made of hafnium metal;
the silver heat dissipation layer is coated on the outer surface of the electrode body and is connected with the electrode body; the transition layer is used for connecting the silver heat dissipation layer and the electrode body, a hafnium copper alloy layer is arranged on one side, close to the electrode body, of the transition layer, and a copper silver alloy layer is arranged on one side, close to the silver heat dissipation layer, of the transition layer.
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