CN112983424A - Hydraulic mining method based on soft broken argillaceous ore body - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
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- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004297 night vision Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 abstract description 31
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C45/00—Methods of hydraulic mining; Hydraulic monitors
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydraulic mining method based on soft broken argillaceous ore bodies, and relates to the technical field of hydraulic mining. The problems that the existing mining method is small in productivity, high in ore breaking cost, complex in ore breaking and transporting process and multiple in produced blasting harmful effect are solved. The method comprises the following steps: constructing and forming an ore vein outer stage transportation roadway on the footwall of an ore body along the trend of the ore body, constructing and forming an exploration drift and a stoping roadway with a slope angle in the ore vein outer stage transportation roadway along the direction vertical to the ore body, and arranging water guide grooves in the exploration drift and the stoping roadway; arranging a high-pressure water gun at the intersection of the stoping roadway and the exploratory vein, and forming high-pressure water jet through the high-pressure water gun to carry out ore breaking; and the ores generated by ore dropping flow into the stope sedimentation tank through the water chute.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic mining, in particular to a hydraulic mining method based on soft broken argillaceous ore bodies.
Background
For an underground mine with soft and broken ore body and high mud content, an access cemented filling mining method or a caving mining method is generally used.
The ore falling process of the drift cemented filling mining method is a blasting excavation process, because the excavation operation only has one free surface, a hollow hole is required to be constructed as the free surface of the blasting operation, the number of drill holes constructed by the excavation blasting operation is large, a tunnel of 2 meters can be excavated in each blasting, the amount of ore falling in each blasting is small, the consumption of explosive per ton is large, the production capacity is small, and the ore falling cost is high; after the stoping is finished, the goaf is required to be cemented and filled after being formed, a cemented filling body becomes a side wall or a top/bottom plate (a downward approach is filled as a top plate, and an upward approach is filled as a bottom plate) of a next stoping space, and in order to ensure the safety of the stoping operation of an adjacent approach, the filling body is required to have higher compressive strength, the filling material is required to have higher compressive strength, the requirements on the physical and chemical properties of the filling material are strict, so that the difficulty in the management of the filling operation is high, the use amount of cementing materials such as cement and the like required to be added in the filling operation is high, and the filling cost is high.
The caving mining method is a mining method for realizing stope ground pressure management by using caving surrounding rocks, so that the caving surrounding rocks always cover the caving ores, and ore bodies are conveyed out of a stope through ore outlets at the bottom of ore blocks by ore discharging equipment by utilizing the flowability of the ores superior to that of overlying surrounding rocks, so that the overlying surrounding rocks move downwards along with the conveyance of the ore bodies and the ore bodies. However, for the argillaceous ore body, the mobility of the ore body is poor due to the fact that the ore contains mud, ore drawing ellipsoids formed in the ore drawing process are not developed very much, overlying surrounding rocks flow into an ore drawing port in advance, ore flow is blocked, dilution and loss are caused, loss is caused, the dilution rate is high, and the stoping method is not economical enough.
In conclusion, the existing mining method blasting ore breaking process has the problems of small capacity, high ore breaking cost, complex ore breaking and transporting process and multiple produced blasting harmful effects.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a hydraulic mining method based on soft broken argillaceous ore bodies, which is used for solving the problems of small capacity, high ore breaking cost, complex ore breaking and transporting processes and multiple produced blasting harmful effects of the existing mining method blasting ore breaking process.
The embodiment of the invention provides a hydraulic mining method based on soft broken argillaceous ore bodies, which comprises the following steps:
constructing and forming an ore vein outer stage transportation roadway on the footwall of an ore body along the trend of the ore body, constructing and forming an exploration drift and a stoping roadway with a slope angle in the ore vein outer stage transportation roadway along the direction vertical to the ore body, and arranging water guide grooves in the exploration drift and the stoping roadway;
arranging a high-pressure water gun at the intersection of the stoping roadway and the exploratory vein, and forming high-pressure water jet through the high-pressure water gun to carry out ore breaking;
and the ores generated by ore dropping flow into the stope sedimentation tank through the water chute.
Preferably, an exploratory drift and a stoping roadway with a slope angle are formed in the outer-stage haulage roadway by construction along the direction vertical to the ore body, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
constructing and forming an exploratory drift with a slope angle in the outer-stage haulage roadway along the direction vertical to the ore body;
and constructing at the junction of the ore body and the exploratory vein to form the stoping roadway with a slope angle.
Preferably, the slope angle of the exploratory vein is 5-10 degrees; the slope angle of the stoping roadway is 5-10 degrees.
Preferably, the slope angle of the exploratory vein is 7 degrees; and the slope angle of the stoping roadway is 7 degrees.
Preferably, a mine ventilator and a flame-retardant air duct are further arranged in the transportation roadway at the stage outside the vein; so that fresh air is conveyed to the ground surface through the prospecting vein, the stoping roadway, the prospecting vein, the outer-stage haulage roadway, the main ventilation shaft and the main fan in sequence.
Preferably, the high-pressure water jet has a throw radius of 25 meters.
Preferably, the high-pressure water gun is further provided with a hydraulic control device and a high-definition night vision camera.
Preferably, the stope sedimentation tank at least comprises a primary sedimentation tank and a secondary sedimentation tank;
the outlet of the water chute extends into the primary sedimentation tank;
a first water suction pump is arranged between the primary sedimentation tank and the secondary sedimentation tank and is used for pumping the floating water in the primary sedimentation tank into the secondary sedimentation tank;
a second water pump is arranged between the secondary sedimentation tank and the water tank and is used for pumping the floating water in the secondary sedimentation tank to the water tank;
and a third water suction pump is arranged between the water tank and the high-pressure water gun, and a water outlet of the third water suction pump is connected with the high-pressure water gun.
The embodiment of the invention provides a hydraulic mining method based on soft broken argillaceous ore bodies, which comprises the following steps: constructing and forming an ore vein outer stage transportation roadway on the footwall of an ore body along the trend of the ore body, constructing and forming an exploration drift and a stoping roadway with a slope angle in the ore vein outer stage transportation roadway along the direction vertical to the ore body, and arranging water guide grooves in the exploration drift and the stoping roadway; arranging a high-pressure water gun at the intersection of the stoping roadway and the exploratory vein, and forming high-pressure water jet through the high-pressure water gun to carry out ore breaking; and the ores generated by ore dropping flow into the stope sedimentation tank through the water chute. The method utilizes a high-pressure water gun to form high-pressure water jet, the kinetic energy of the high-pressure water jet is used as the power for knocking off soft and broken ore bodies, and the ore bodies knocked off by the high-pressure water jet flow out of a stope through a water chute along a cutting roadway and a prospecting through vein and through potential energy formed by height difference to finish ore recovery and ore transportation. Blasting operation is not needed in the ore falling process, so that blasting harmful effects such as blasting vibration, blasting shock waves, blasting noise, blasting waste rocks and blasting toxic and harmful gases can be avoided; the equipment used in the ore breaking of the stoping is less, only a high-pressure water pump, a high-pressure water pipe and a high-pressure water gun are needed, and harmful substances such as dust and the like generated in the process are less; moreover, the ore transportation process is simple and energy-saving, no transportation equipment is needed, and the shot ore flows out of the stope along the water guide groove under the action of gravitational potential energy and the driving of water power; the method solves the problems that the existing mining method has high requirements on filling materials and filling processes, but has small production capacity, and causes high ore breaking cost; the caving mining method has high loss and dilution rate and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a hydraulic mining method based on soft crushed argillaceous bodies according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a hydraulic mining process flow provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a hydraulic mining method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view A-A shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a partial side elevational view of FIG. 3;
the method comprises the following steps of 1-an extravein stage transportation roadway, 2-an exploratory vein penetrating, 3-a stoping roadway, 4-a water chute, 5-a high-pressure water gun, 6-a high-pressure water gun jet, 7-a top column, 8-a middle column, 9-a knocked-down ore, 10-1-a first-stage sedimentation tank, 10-2-a second-stage sedimentation tank, 11-a water tank, 12-1-a first water pump, 12-2-a second water pump and 12-3-a third water pump.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram illustrating a soft crushed argillaceous ore body-based hydraulic mining method provided by an embodiment of the present invention; the method can be used at least in mining.
As shown in fig. 1, the method mainly comprises the following steps:
101, constructing in a footwall of an ore body along the trend of the ore body to form an ore vein outer stage transportation roadway, constructing in a direction vertical to the ore body in the ore vein outer stage transportation roadway to form an exploratory vein with a gradient angle and a stoping roadway, and arranging water guide grooves in the exploratory vein and the stoping roadway;
102, arranging a high-pressure water gun at the intersection of the stoping roadway and the exploratory vein, and forming a high-pressure water jet through the high-pressure water gun to carry out ore breaking;
and 103, allowing ores generated by ore falling to flow into a stope sedimentation tank through the water chute.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a hydraulic mining process flow provided by an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a hydraulic mining method provided by an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view A-A shown in FIG. 3; fig. 5 is a partial sectional side view of fig. 3. The application scenario of the mining method is described below with reference to fig. 2 to 5.
Ore body structure parameters: in practical application, the ore blocks are arranged along the trend of the ore body, the trend of the ore blocks is 50 meters long, the stage height is 25 meters, the width is the thickness of the ore body, a top-bottom column of 5 meters is reserved between the upper stage and the lower stage, and a middle column 8 of 5 meters is reserved between two adjacent ore blocks.
In step 101, as shown in fig. 2 to 5, a vein outer stage haulage roadway 1 is constructed and formed on the footwall of an ore body along the trend of the ore body, an exploratory vein 2 and a stoping roadway 3 with a set slope angle are constructed and formed in the vein outer stage haulage roadway 1 every 50 meters in the direction perpendicular to the trend of the ore body, and furthermore, water chutes 4 are arranged in the exploratory vein 2 and the stoping roadway 3.
It should be noted that, in practical application, after an exploratory vein 2 with a set slope angle is constructed and formed every 50 meters in the transportation roadway 1 at the stage outside the vein along the direction perpendicular to the trend of an ore body, an extraction roadway 3 with a set slope angle can be constructed and formed at the relatively stable position of the ore body at the junction of the ore body and the exploratory vein 2.
In the embodiment of the invention, the slope angle of the exploratory vein 2 can be 5-10 degrees, and correspondingly, the slope angle of the stoping roadway 3 can also be 5-10 degrees. Preferably, the slope angle of the exploratory vein 2 is 7 °, and correspondingly, the slope angle of the stoping roadway 3 is 7 °.
And water chutes 4 are arranged in the exploratory vein 2 and the stoping roadway 3 and are laid along the bottom plate of the roadway to serve as channels for ore flow.
In step 102, a high-pressure water gun 5 is installed at the intersection of the stoping roadway 3 and the exploratory vein 2, and a high-pressure water gun jet 6 formed by the high-pressure water gun 5 is used for ore breaking.
It should be noted that, in practical application, the water inlet of the high-pressure water gun 5 is communicated with the high-pressure pump through a high-pressure pipeline, that is, water is compressed by the high-pressure pump to form high-pressure water, the high-pressure water is conveyed to the high-pressure water gun 5 through the high-pressure-resistant pipeline, and the high-pressure water gun jet 6 is formed by the high-pressure water gun 5.
In the embodiment of the invention, the range radius of the high-pressure water gun jet flow 6 is about 25 meters, and in practical application, the range radius of about 25 meters of the water jet flow is used as ore breaking equipment, so that an operator can operate in a safe place except 25 meters, and long-distance operation can be realized. In practical application, the water gun manipulator only needs 1 person and does not need to enter a goaf of a stope, and the safety and the efficiency are high; because the ore body is soft and broken, the water jet can knock down the ore under the conditions of lower working pressure and less water consumption, and the defect of soft ore can be changed into the advantage of realizing high-speed and low-consumption hydraulic ore falling.
Further, can also set up hydraulic control device and high definition night vision camera on high-pressure squirt 5, through the aforesaid setting, can realize the big security of further improvement operation and improve mining operation environment to high-pressure squirt 5 remote control.
In step 103, the ore dropped by the high-pressure water gun jet flow 6 falls down and flows into the water chute 4 after being impacted by the high-pressure water gun jet flow 6, the ore flows out of the stope along the water chute 4 through the stoping roadway 3 and the prospecting vein 2 and enters a stope sedimentation tank, and stope stoping and ore dropping are finished.
In the embodiment of the invention, a high-pressure water gun jet flow 6 formed by a high-pressure water gun 5 is used for knocking down ores 9, the in-stage stoping roadway 3 and the exploratory ore vein 2 are used as ore removal channels, and the water chute 4 laid in the exploratory ore vein 2 and the stoping roadway 3 has a slope angle of 7 degrees as the slope angles are both 7 degrees. The ore which is jetted by the high-pressure water gun jet flow 6 flows out of the stope along the water chute 4 under the action of the impact force of water flow under the height difference and flows into the middle section sedimentation tank.
In practical application, the water chute 4 is communicated with the primary sedimentation tank 10-1 through a scraper conveyor, ores flowing through the water chute 4 flow into the primary sedimentation tank 10-1, a first water pump 12-1 is arranged between the primary sedimentation tank 10-1 and the secondary sedimentation tank 10-2, and the first water pump 12-1 is used for pumping floating water in the primary sedimentation tank 10-1 into the secondary sedimentation tank 10-2. Further, a second water suction pump 12-2 is arranged between the secondary sedimentation tank 10-2 and the water tank 11, and floating water in the secondary sedimentation tank 10-2 can be pumped into the water tank 11 through the second water suction pump 12-2. And a third water pump 12-3 is arranged between the water tank 11 and the high-pressure water gun 5, and the third water pump 12-3 is used for providing high-pressure water for the high-pressure water gun 5.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the number of the settling ponds provided may include a plurality of settling ponds, wherein the plurality of settling ponds are all connected by a water pump, and the last settling pond is connected with the water pond 11 by a water pump. The water pumps arranged between the sedimentation tanks can be high-pressure water pumps or common water pumps, but the water pumps arranged between the water tank 11 and the high-pressure water gun 5 are high-pressure water pumps. In the embodiment of the present invention, the number of the settling tanks is not particularly limited.
In the embodiment of the invention, less equipment is used in the ore recovery and transportation process, ore transportation equipment is not used, ore breaking and transporting equipment and process can be simplified, the ore breaking and transporting efficiency is greatly improved, and continuous and efficient ore breaking is realized. Because the ore falling process is realized by water impact of the high-pressure water gun jet flow 6, the ore does not need to be blasted and caved, the ore falling process is green and environment-friendly, and the harmful effects of blasting vibration, blasting shock waves, blasting toxic and harmful gases, blasting dust, blasting flying stones, blasting noise and the like generated by blasting are avoided, so that the green and environment-friendly ore falling can be realized. Moreover, the ore transportation is that the ore forms the fluid and flows under rivers potential energy impact, carry, and the fluid can flow along guiding gutter 4 or pipeline in the transportation, need not transportation equipment such as vehicle, and transportation equipment is simple, and the conveying efficiency is high, and transportation safety ring protects.
In the embodiment of the invention, in order to ensure the ventilation effect, preferably, an 11kw axial-flow mine ventilator is arranged on a fresh air flow side frame in a transportation roadway at the stage outside the footwall vein, and a flame-retardant air duct is attached to the mine ventilator, so that fresh air sequentially flows through the prospecting vein 2 and is pressed into the stoping roadway 3, the polluted air after flushing the stoping working face is discharged out of the ground surface through the stoping roadway 3, the prospecting vein 2, the stage transportation roadway, the main ventilation shaft and the main ventilator.
In summary, the embodiment of the present invention provides a hydraulic mining method based on soft crushed argillaceous ore bodies, including: constructing and forming an ore vein outer stage transportation roadway on the footwall of an ore body along the trend of the ore body, constructing and forming an exploration drift and a stoping roadway with a slope angle in the ore vein outer stage transportation roadway along the direction vertical to the ore body, and arranging water guide grooves in the exploration drift and the stoping roadway; arranging a high-pressure water gun at the intersection of the stoping roadway and the exploratory vein, and forming high-pressure water jet through the high-pressure water gun to carry out ore breaking; and the ores generated by ore dropping flow into the stope sedimentation tank through the water chute. The method utilizes a high-pressure water gun to form high-pressure water jet, the kinetic energy of the high-pressure water jet is used as the power for knocking off soft and broken ore bodies, and the ore bodies knocked off by the high-pressure water jet flow out of a stope through a water chute along a cutting roadway and a prospecting through vein and through potential energy formed by height difference to finish ore recovery and ore transportation. Blasting operation is not needed in the ore falling process, so that blasting harmful effects such as blasting vibration, blasting shock waves, blasting noise, blasting flying stones, blasting toxic and harmful gases and the like can be avoided; the equipment used in the ore breaking of the stoping is less, only a high-pressure water pump, a high-pressure water pipe and a high-pressure water gun are needed, and harmful substances such as dust and the like generated in the process are less; moreover, the ore transportation process is simple and energy-saving, no transportation equipment is needed, and the shot ore flows out of the stope along the water guide groove under the action of gravitational potential energy and the driving of water power; the method solves the problems that the existing mining method has high requirements on filling materials and filling processes, but has small production capacity, and causes high ore breaking cost; the caving mining method has high loss and dilution rate and the like.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. The hydraulic mining method based on the soft broken argillaceous ore body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
constructing and forming an ore vein outer stage transportation roadway on the footwall of an ore body along the trend of the ore body, constructing and forming an exploration drift and a stoping roadway with a slope angle in the ore vein outer stage transportation roadway along the direction vertical to the ore body, and arranging water guide grooves in the exploration drift and the stoping roadway;
arranging a high-pressure water gun at the intersection of the stoping roadway and the exploratory vein, and forming high-pressure water jet through the high-pressure water gun to carry out ore breaking;
and the ores generated by ore dropping flow into the stope sedimentation tank through the water chute.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein an exploratory vein-penetrating and stoping roadway with a gradient angle is constructed in the direction vertical to the ore body in the transportation roadway at the stage outside the vein, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
constructing in the transportation roadway at the stage outside the vein along the direction vertical to the ore body to form an exploratory vein with a gradient angle;
and constructing at the junction of the ore body and the exploratory vein to form the stoping roadway with a slope angle.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the slope angle of the exploratory vein is 5-10 °; the slope angle of the stoping roadway is 5-10 degrees.
4. The method of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the angle of slope of the prospect approach is 7 °; and the slope angle of the stoping roadway is 7 degrees.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein a mine ventilator and a flame-retardant air duct are further arranged in the transportation roadway at the stage outside the mine vein; so that fresh air is conveyed to the ground surface through the prospecting vein, the stoping roadway, the prospecting vein, the outer-stage haulage roadway, the main ventilation shaft and the main fan in sequence.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the high pressure water jet has a throw radius of 25 meters.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high pressure water gun is further provided with a hydraulic control device and a high-definition night vision camera.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the stope lagoon comprises at least a primary lagoon and a secondary lagoon;
the outlet of the water chute extends into the primary sedimentation tank;
a first water suction pump is arranged between the primary sedimentation tank and the secondary sedimentation tank and is used for pumping the floating water in the primary sedimentation tank into the secondary sedimentation tank;
a second water pump is arranged between the secondary sedimentation tank and the water tank and is used for pumping the floating water in the secondary sedimentation tank to the water tank;
and a third water suction pump is arranged between the water tank and the high-pressure water gun, and a water outlet of the third water suction pump is connected with the high-pressure water gun.
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| CN111550245A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-18 | 中煤科工集团唐山研究院有限公司 | Hydraulic mechanical coal mining method for steep coal seam |
| CN111622761A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-09-04 | 陕西冶金设计研究院有限公司 | Mechanical room-column mining method for gently inclined medium-thickness ore body |
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