CN112965016A - Measuring device and measuring method for measuring output characteristics of proportional electromagnet - Google Patents
Measuring device and measuring method for measuring output characteristics of proportional electromagnet Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a measuring device and a measuring method for measuring output characteristics of a proportional electromagnet, and belongs to the technical field of electro-hydraulic servo proportion. The invention has simple and convenient operation, adopts the stepping motor and the ball screw sliding table module to form the precision feeding device, realizes the automatic test function, improves the reliability of experimental data, further reduces the experimental error, can conveniently and reliably measure the displacement-force characteristic and the current-force characteristic, and provides a novel measuring device and a novel measuring method for the static characteristic measurement of the proportional electromagnet.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a measuring device and a measuring method for measuring output characteristics of a proportional electromagnet, and belongs to the technical field of electro-hydraulic servo proportion.
Background
The electro-hydraulic servo proportional technology combines the advantages of convenience of electrical control and high hydraulic drive power density, and is widely applied to the related fields of industrial automation. Compared with other forms of electro-mechanical converters such as a torque motor, the proportional electromagnet has the advantages of large output thrust and insensitivity to oil pollution, and is more commonly used in an electro-hydraulic proportional valve. In addition, with the rapid development of electro-hydraulic servo proportional technology in recent years, proportional electromagnets have also come to play an important role in high-frequency and high-precision hydraulic control elements. The proportional electromagnet pushes the valve core to move to change the opening of the valve port when working, and the proportional electromagnet has approximately horizontal displacement-force characteristics and approximately linear current-force characteristics in a working stroke, so that the accurate control of the position of the valve core is easy to realize due to the static characteristics. The dynamic response performance of the hydraulic valve is directly determined by the dynamic characteristic of the proportional electromagnet, and the characteristic is particularly important in a servo proportional valve. Therefore, the static characteristic of the proportional electromagnet is tested, and the method has important guiding significance for the research of the servo proportional valve.
At present, more units develop a proportional electromagnet characteristic test system and apply the system in related researches. According to the traditional electromagnet testing device, a driving part adopts a manual adjusting mechanism, and the uniform feeding in the testing process cannot be ensured.
When the proportional electromagnet is applied, the displacement-force characteristic, the current-force characteristic and the like of the proportional electromagnet need to be measured; in order to obtain the characteristics of the proportional electromagnet, the conventional test scheme is gradually developed from a traditional "sensor + data recording" mode to a semi-automatic test device and an automatic test device based on a computer technology, for example, the test system of the proportional electromagnet disclosed in the patent publications CN 201576058U and CN 201984115U, etc., and comprises an upper computer for controlling the operation of the whole test system and automatically processing the acquired data, a data acquisition card for transferring and transmitting the data and signals, and a test device for installing the proportional electromagnet, applying a static test boundary condition and acquiring related parameters; the testing device specifically comprises a displacement sensor and a force sensor.
In order to test the static performance of the proportional electromagnet, a testing device with a specific structure is adopted, for example, a testing device for testing the performance of the proportional electromagnet is disclosed in patent document CN 105738083a, which can test the performance of the proportional electromagnet, but the structure has the following problem in the testing process that a displacement sensor is constructed by adopting a laser displacement sensor to monitor the position of a reflector on a spring sleeve, the effective precision distance of the laser displacement sensor is smaller because the measurement precision of the laser displacement sensor is reduced along with the increase of the distance, and the position of the spring sleeve is changed in the testing process, so that the testing result is unstable, and even larger errors occur.
In addition, the structure is arranged, so that the following technical problems exist in the testing process: (1) if the connecting structure needs to be replaced to carry out static performance test, the proportional electromagnet needs to be detached first, and then the connecting structure can be replaced and installed; (2) in the static test process, the problem of uneven and stable speed exists on the basis of manual adjustment of armature displacement, so that test data are inaccurate; (3) the whole structure is not compact enough, and the disassembly and assembly are inconvenient.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a measuring device and a measuring method for measuring the output characteristic of a proportional electromagnet, which are characterized in that a proportional electromagnet characteristic test system taking a multifunctional data acquisition card as a hardware control core adopts a stepping motor and a ball screw to form a precise feeding device, realizes an automatic test function, can conveniently and reliably measure the displacement-force characteristic and the current-force characteristic of the proportional electromagnet, and provides a novel measuring device and a novel measuring method for the static characteristic measurement of the proportional electromagnet.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a measuring device for measuring the output characteristics of a proportional electromagnet comprises a test bed, an S-shaped tension and pressure sensor, a self-reset displacement sensor, an adjustable clamping module, the proportional electromagnet, a data acquisition card and an upper computer;
a moving plate is arranged at one end of the test bed, the adjustable clamping module is arranged at the other end of the test bed, the moving plate can move along the X-axis direction relative to the test bed, and the proportional electromagnet is mounted on the adjustable clamping module and can be adjusted in position on the X, Y axis;
the movable plate is fixedly provided with a horizontal connecting plate, the end part of the horizontal connecting plate is fixedly connected with a vertical connecting plate, the surfaces of the vertical connecting plate and the horizontal connecting plate are mutually vertical, the S-shaped pulling pressure sensor is fixedly arranged on the vertical connecting plate, and the S-shaped pulling pressure sensor is tangent to the proportional electromagnet through an electromagnet push rod;
a sensor mounting seat is fixedly arranged on the vertical connecting plate above the S-shaped pulling pressure sensor, the self-resetting displacement sensor is fixed on the sensor mounting seat, a connecting baffle is fixedly arranged on the electromagnet push rod, and the self-resetting displacement sensor is contacted with the connecting baffle to obtain the displacement of the proportional electromagnet;
the S-shaped tension and pressure sensor, the self-reset displacement sensor and the proportional electromagnet are all connected with a data acquisition card, and the data acquisition card is connected with an upper computer.
The connecting baffle plate of the invention has certain rigidity so as to ensure that the transmitted displacement signal is accurate and error-free, for example, a material with higher rigidity can be adopted, the thickness of the connecting baffle plate is increased, and stiffening ribs and the like are added on the connecting baffle plate.
Preferably, the proportion electro-magnet is connected with proportion electro-magnet controller, proportion electro-magnet controller includes singlechip, signal acquisition module, voltage supply module and drive circuit module, signal acquisition module draws pressure sensor, from reset displacement sensor and data acquisition card with the S type and all is connected for transmit to the host computer through data acquisition card after handling the power signal of gathering, displacement signal and proportion electro-magnet, drive circuit module is connected with the proportion electro-magnet, the singlechip is the drive signal generation module of drive circuit module for to the voltage at drive circuit module output control signal in order to adjust proportion electro-magnet both ends, the voltage supply module is used for providing singlechip, signal acquisition module and drive circuit module' S supply voltage.
The output of the proportional electromagnet is adjusted by a proportional electromagnet controller, the function of the proportional electromagnet controller is to control the voltage loaded on the proportional electromagnet so as to control the thrust output by the proportional electromagnet, and the specific composition and principle of the proportional electromagnet controller are as follows:
the proportional electromagnet controller comprises a single chip microcomputer, a signal acquisition module, a voltage supply module and a driving circuit module, wherein the voltage supply module is used for providing power supply voltage for other modules, realizes the function of converting 24V direct current voltage into +/-12V and +/-5V voltage, and is used for supplying power for the signal acquisition module and the single chip microcomputer module; the signal acquisition module processes the acquired displacement signal, force signal and current signal and transmits the processed signals to an upper computer for storage, and the signals are used for subsequent experimental analysis and processing; the singlechip module is used as a generation module of a driving signal of the driving circuit and outputs a PWM control signal to the driving circuit to adjust the voltage at two ends of the proportional electromagnet; the driving circuit module adopts an H-bridge driving structure, controls the switch and the closing of an N-type field effect transistor forming an H-bridge by changing driving signals (namely PWM signals) entering two input ends of the H-bridge, and realizes the controllable output of the supply voltage of the H-bridge, and the specific expression is that the duty ratio of the input PWM signals is changed, and the proportion of the output voltage (namely the voltage applied to two ends of a proportional electromagnet) and the supply voltage of the H-bridge is also changed in the same way as the duty ratio of the PWM signals;
the proportional electromagnet is connected with a drive output interface of the proportional electromagnet controller through a wire, the proportional electromagnet controller is externally connected with a 24V direct current power supply to serve as a power supply, the proportional electromagnet controller is connected with a data acquisition card and an upper computer through wires to carry out signal transmission and program output, an external upper computer program is operated, generated signals are transmitted to a single chip microcomputer through a download signal wire, the PWM duty ratio generated by a PWM generator inside the single chip microcomputer is changed, the generated PWM signals enter two input ends of an H bridge, N-type field effect tube switches forming the H bridge are controlled to be closed, the output voltage of a drive circuit is adjusted, namely, voltages at two ends of the proportional electromagnet are applied, the internal current of the proportional electromagnet is changed, and the proportional electromagnet is adjusted.
The proportional electromagnet controller is realized by combining an STM32F103C8T6 singlechip, a self-designed and welded signal acquisition module, a voltage supply module and a driving circuit module together, the STM32F103C8T6 is a 32-bit microcontroller based on an ARM Cortex-M kernel STM32 series, a PWM generation module is mainly used, and the proportional electromagnet controller can replace a singlechip of the same type and can realize higher model satisfying the same function; the signal acquisition module is formed by a UA741CP operational amplifier and a capacitance resistance inductor; the voltage supply module adopts a 24V to +/-12V voltage conversion module which raises the sun to supply voltage for the signal acquisition module, the model is A2412S-2WR2, and a 12V to 5V voltage supply circuit which is formed by LM2596 and capacitance resistance inductance is adopted to supply power for the current sensor; the driving circuit module adopts IR2104STRPBF and NMOS field effect transistor, and the capacitance resistance constitutes H bridge driving circuit together, and it is worth noting that voltage supply module can realize the replacement through the module sold in the market that can realize 24 to 12V, 12V to 5V, the driving circuit module can realize the replacement through the module sold in the market that can realize PWM signal voltage regulation output module, and the signal acquisition module can adopt the replacement of the same type acquisition card of the data acquisition card of studying the design of China.
Preferably, be provided with ball slip table module between test bench and the movable plate, ball slip table module is connected with step motor, ball slip table module includes module base and ball, module base fixed mounting is on the test bench, step motor is connected through motor flange piece to ball one end, and the other end is connected with the movable plate for turning into step motor's rotary motion the linear motion of movable plate, step motor's rotation drives ball and rotates, and ball can turn into linear motion with rotary motion, and then drives the movable plate and be linear motion, movable plate and horizontal connecting plate fixed connection, horizontal connecting plate and vertical connecting plate fixed connection, the removal of movable plate has driven the removal of vertical connecting plate, has realized the displacement adjustment to the electro-magnet push rod promptly.
The ball screw sliding table module can also adopt the existing products, such as the Ouli GF150 fully-sealed dustproof ball screw sliding table module, and the implementation of the invention is not influenced.
Preferably, the stepping motor is a closed-loop stepping motor, and the closed-loop stepping motor is connected with a single-shaft controller through a closed-loop driver. Closed loop step motor, closed loop driver pass through the wire with single axis controller and are connected, single axis controller accessible closed loop driver control closed loop step motor's rotational speed, direction, precision isoparametric, because the slip table is very high with the step motor precision, can guarantee the displacement accuracy nature of slip table.
The closed-loop stepping motor can adopt a 57 two-phase low-voltage closed-loop stepping motor, the single-shaft controller preferably adopts a CM35D-10XK single-shaft controller, the closed-loop driver has the function of driving the stepping motor to work and is connected to a lead interface of the stepping motor, and the CM35D-10XK single-shaft controller has the function of controlling the rotating speed, the direction and other movement functions of the stepping motor and is connected to the lead interface of the stepping motor.
Preferably, the adjustable clamping module comprises a vertical concave plate and a replacement plate, the vertical concave plate is connected with the test bed through an angle aluminum connecting piece, a transverse adjusting waist-shaped hole is formed in the joint of the vertical concave plate and the angle aluminum connecting piece, and a right-angle edge of the angle aluminum connecting piece is installed in the transverse adjusting waist-shaped hole through an inner hexagonal cylindrical bolt; a plurality of X-direction adjusting waist-shaped holes are uniformly formed in the test bed, and the other right-angle side of the angle aluminum connecting piece is installed in the X-direction adjusting waist-shaped hole of the test bed through an inner hexagonal cylindrical bolt;
the vertical concave plate is provided with a plurality of rows of vertical adjusting waist-shaped holes, and the replacing plate is arranged on the plurality of rows of vertical adjusting waist-shaped holes of the vertical concave plate through hexagon socket head cap screws;
the middle part of the replacing plate is provided with a proportional electromagnet mounting hole, and the proportional electromagnet is mounted in the proportional electromagnet mounting hole.
In the invention, 4 parallel X-direction adjusting waist-shaped holes are uniformly arranged on a test bed, correspondingly, the number of the transverse adjusting waist-shaped holes is 4, and the number of the angle aluminum connecting pieces is 4;
the number of the vertical adjusting kidney-shaped holes is 4 rows.
The proportional electromagnet is installed on the adjustable clamping module, a transverse adjusting waist-shaped hole and a vertical adjusting waist-shaped hole are formed in a vertical concave plate of the adjustable clamping module, an X-direction adjusting waist-shaped hole is formed in the test bed, position adjustment of the proportional electromagnet can be achieved through the position adjusting function of the waist-shaped hole, the proportional electromagnet can be accurately butted with an electromagnet push rod through adjusting the X-direction (X-axis direction), the transverse direction (Y-axis direction) and the vertical position of the proportional electromagnet, the electromagnet push rod is fixed on the S-shaped tension and pressure sensor, the S-shaped tension and pressure sensor can move together with the ball screw sliding table module, the position of the electromagnet push rod can be adjusted through driving the ball screw sliding table module to move through the stepping motor, a force signal from the proportional electromagnet is transmitted to the S-shaped tension and pressure sensor through the electromagnet push rod, and a displacement signal of the proportional electromagnet, The electromagnet push rod and the connecting baffle sheet can be simultaneously transmitted to the self-resetting displacement sensor.
Preferably, a single-channel analog quantity transducer is connected between the S-shaped pull pressure sensor and the signal acquisition module of the proportional electromagnet controller, the single-channel analog quantity transducer has the function of amplifying the analog quantity signal of the sensor and is connected to a lead wire interface of the sensor, and the signal of the single-channel analog quantity transducer is amplified and then transmitted to the information acquisition module.
The proportional electromagnet is respectively used for measuring a displacement signal and a force signal transmitted by the electromagnet push rod by a self-resetting type displacement sensor and an S-shaped pull pressure sensor, and because the numerical value is too small when the force signal is converted into a voltage analog quantity signal by the force sensor, a single-channel analog quantity transmitter is connected between the S-shaped pull pressure sensor and a signal acquisition module, the voltage analog quantity signal output by the S-shaped pull pressure sensor is amplified by the analog quantity transmitter, and then the amplified force signal is acquired by a data acquisition card;
the output signal of the self-reset displacement sensor is large enough, and signal amplification can be carried out without a single-channel analog quantity transducer.
Preferably, the movable plate is fixedly connected with the horizontal connecting plate through hexagon socket head cap screws, the horizontal connecting plate is connected with the vertical connecting plate through bolts, and all joints are preferably connected through bolts in order to improve the mounting precision and the adjustability of the test bed.
Preferably, the bottom of the test bed is provided with a test bed supporting foot column.
A measuring method of the measuring device for measuring the output characteristic of the proportional electromagnet comprises the following steps:
(1) the left end of the electromagnet push rod is arranged in a threaded hole interface of the S-shaped tension and pressure sensor, and at the moment, the self-resetting displacement sensor is just contacted with the connecting baffle sheet;
(2) the proportional electromagnet is arranged in the proportional electromagnet mounting hole, the positions of the proportional electromagnet in the X axis, the Y axis and the vertical direction are adjusted through the adjustable clamping module, so that the output shaft of the proportional electromagnet is aligned with the shaft of the electromagnet push rod (namely, the proportional electromagnet is displaced on the same axis, manual adjustment can be carried out, the proportional electromagnet can be slightly moved in and out, and the force transmission is not influenced), and the position of the proportional electromagnet is not moved after adjustment;
(3) the moving plate is adjusted to move in the X-axis direction through the ball screw sliding table module, so that the electromagnet push rod is driven to move in the X-axis direction, the electromagnet push rod is tangent to the output shaft of the proportional electromagnet, namely the electromagnet push rod is in contact with the output shaft of the proportional electromagnet, the axes of the electromagnet push rod and the output shaft of the proportional electromagnet are positioned on the same straight line, and the self-resetting displacement sensor is also in contact with the connecting blocking piece;
(4) the proportional electromagnet controller adjusts the voltage at two ends of the proportional electromagnet, controls the proportional electromagnet to output thrust, transmits force to the S-shaped tension and pressure sensor through the electromagnet push rod to obtain a force signal, transmits displacement to the self-resetting displacement sensor through the electromagnet push rod and the connecting separation blade to obtain a displacement signal, transmits the force signal and the displacement signal to the upper computer through the signal acquisition module and the data acquisition card respectively, and draws a displacement-force characteristic curve and a current-force characteristic curve by the upper computer.
The main circuit of a signal acquisition module of the proportional electromagnet controller is a filtering interference-removing voltage following circuit consisting of an operational amplifier and a resistor capacitor, processed displacement signals and force signals are transmitted to a data acquisition card through a signal line, the data acquisition card converts received analog signals into digital signals and transmits the digital signals to an upper computer through the signal line for collection, and a displacement-force characteristic curve is drawn according to the digital signals; the current signal required for carrying out the current-force characteristic experiment is acquired by a Hall current sensor arranged in a proportional electromagnet controller driving circuit, the Hall current sensor generates a current analog signal and transmits the current analog signal to a data acquisition card through a signal wire, and the data acquisition card converts the received analog signal into a digital signal and transmits the digital signal to an upper computer for collection through the signal wire, so that a current-force characteristic curve is drawn.
Preferably, in step (2), the three-dimensional position adjustment of the proportional electromagnet can be realized through the adjustable clamping module, and specifically, the three-dimensional position adjustment method comprises the following steps:
the displacement of the proportion electromagnet in the X-axis direction can be adjusted through the X-direction adjusting waist-shaped hole, the displacement of the proportion electromagnet in the Y-axis direction can be adjusted through the transverse adjusting waist-shaped hole of the vertical concave plate, and the displacement of the proportion electromagnet in the vertical direction can be adjusted through the vertical adjusting waist-shaped hole of the vertical concave plate.
Vertical regulation waist type hole, horizontal regulation waist type hole and X all belong to waist type pore structure to adjusting waist type hole, and the fixed position of hexagon socket head cap screw in waist type hole can be adjusted the change wantonly, consequently can change relative displacement through waist type hole and hexagon socket head cap screw's cooperation, so can change the relative position of adjustable clamping module.
In the invention, the model of the S-shaped pulling pressure sensor can be JLBS-1, the model of the single-channel analog quantity transducer can be BSQ-3, and the self-reset displacement sensor can be a Mirand KTR self-reset displacement sensor.
According to the invention, 220V alternating current can be converted into 24V direct current through the switching power supply, and the 24V direct current power supply is used for supplying power to the stepping motor, the closed-loop driver, the single-shaft controller, the proportional electromagnet controller, the self-resetting displacement sensor, the S-shaped pull pressure sensor and the like through power supply wires.
The invention is not described in detail in the prior art.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the proportional electromagnet is simple and convenient to operate, after the position of the proportional electromagnet is fixed, the position of the electromagnet push rod in the X-axis direction is controlled only through the stepping motor, and experimental data are processed through the upper computer;
according to the invention, the closed-loop stepping motor is adopted to push the ball screw sliding table module to displace, the highest displacement precision reaches 0.05mm, accurate position control can be realized, the reliability of experimental data is improved, and the experimental error is further reduced.
(2) When the proportion electromagnet is fixed, the adjustable clamping module is adopted, the three-dimensional position of the proportion electromagnet can be adjusted at high precision, the adjustable clamping module is used for facilitating the multi-directional position adjustment and positioning of the test bed, and the convenience degree of the proportion electromagnet test experiment is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a measuring device for measuring the output characteristics of a proportional electromagnet according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the measuring device for measuring the output characteristics of a proportional electromagnet according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an adjustable clamping module according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the backside structure of FIG. 3;
the test bed comprises a test bed 1, a 2-S-shaped tension and pressure sensor, a 3-self-reset type displacement sensor, a 4-proportion electromagnet, a 5-moving plate, a 6-horizontal connecting plate, a 7-vertical connecting plate, an 8-electromagnet push rod, a 9-sensor mounting seat, a 10-connecting baffle plate, a 11-stepping motor, a 12-module base, a 13-vertical concave plate, a 14-replacing plate, a 15-angle aluminum connecting piece, a 16-transverse adjusting waist-shaped hole, a 17-X-direction adjusting waist-shaped hole, an 18-vertical adjusting waist-shaped hole, a 19-proportion electromagnet mounting hole and a 20-test bed supporting foot column.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, but not limited thereto, and the present invention is not described in detail and is in accordance with the conventional techniques in the art.
Example 1:
a measuring device for measuring the output characteristics of a proportional electromagnet is shown in figures 1-4 and comprises a test bed 1, an S-shaped tension and pressure sensor 2, a self-resetting displacement sensor 3, an adjustable clamping module, a proportional electromagnet 4, a data acquisition card and an upper computer;
a moving plate 5 is arranged at one end of the test bed 1, an adjustable clamping module is arranged at the other end of the test bed 1, the moving plate 5 can move relative to the test bed 1 along the X-axis direction, a proportional electromagnet 4 is arranged on the adjustable clamping module, and the position of the proportional electromagnet 4 on an X, Y axis can be adjusted, as shown in FIG. 2, the X-axis direction is along the length direction of the test bed, and the Y-axis direction is along the width direction of the test bed;
a horizontal connecting plate 6 is fixedly arranged on the moving plate 5, the end part of the horizontal connecting plate 6 is fixedly connected with a vertical connecting plate 7, the vertical connecting plate 7 is mutually vertical to the surface of the horizontal connecting plate 6, the S-shaped pulling and pressing sensor 2 is fixedly arranged on the vertical connecting plate 7, and the S-shaped pulling and pressing sensor 2 is tangent to the proportional electromagnet 4 through an electromagnet push rod 8;
a sensor mounting seat 9 is fixedly arranged on the vertical connecting plate 7 above the S-shaped pulling pressure sensor 2, a self-resetting type displacement sensor 3 is fixed on the sensor mounting seat 9, a connecting baffle piece 10 is fixedly arranged on the electromagnet push rod 8, and the self-resetting type displacement sensor 3 is contacted with the connecting baffle piece 10 to obtain the displacement of the proportional electromagnet 4;
the S-shaped tension and pressure sensor 2, the self-reset displacement sensor 3 and the proportional electromagnet 4 are all connected with a data acquisition card, and the data acquisition card is connected with an upper computer.
The connecting baffle 10 of the present invention should have a certain rigidity to make the transmitted displacement signal accurate and error-free, for example, a material with a larger rigidity can be used to increase the thickness of the connecting baffle, and a stiffening rib is added on the connecting baffle.
Example 2:
the structure of a measuring device for measuring the output characteristic of a proportional electromagnet is as shown in embodiment 1, except that a proportional electromagnet 4 is connected with a proportional electromagnet controller, the proportional electromagnet controller comprises a single chip microcomputer, a signal acquisition module, a voltage supply module and a driving circuit module, the signal acquisition module is connected with an S-shaped pull pressure sensor 2, a self-resetting displacement sensor 3 and a data acquisition card, used for processing the collected force signal, displacement signal and current signal of the proportional electromagnet 4 and then transmitting the processed signals to an upper computer through a data acquisition card, a driving circuit module is connected with the proportional electromagnet 4, a singlechip is a driving signal generating module of the driving circuit module, the voltage supply module is used for providing power supply voltages of the single chip microcomputer, the signal acquisition module and the driving circuit module.
The output of the proportional electromagnet is adjusted by a proportional electromagnet controller, the function of the proportional electromagnet controller is to control the voltage loaded on the proportional electromagnet so as to control the thrust output by the proportional electromagnet, and the specific composition and principle of the proportional electromagnet controller are as follows:
the proportional electromagnet controller comprises a single chip microcomputer, a signal acquisition module, a voltage supply module and a driving circuit module, wherein the voltage supply module is used for providing power supply voltage for other modules, realizes the function of converting 24V direct current voltage into +/-12V and +/-5V voltage, and is used for supplying power for the signal acquisition module and the single chip microcomputer module; the signal acquisition module processes the acquired displacement signal, force signal and current signal and transmits the processed signals to an upper computer for storage, and the signals are used for subsequent experimental analysis and processing; the singlechip module is used as a generation module of a driving signal of the driving circuit and outputs a PWM control signal to the driving circuit to adjust the voltage at two ends of the proportional electromagnet; the driving circuit module adopts an H-bridge driving structure, controls the switch and the closing of an N-type field effect transistor forming an H-bridge by changing driving signals (namely PWM signals) entering two input ends of the H-bridge, and realizes the controllable output of the supply voltage of the H-bridge, and the specific expression is that the duty ratio of the input PWM signals is changed, and the proportion of the output voltage (namely the voltage applied to two ends of a proportional electromagnet) and the supply voltage of the H-bridge is also changed in the same way as the duty ratio of the PWM signals;
the proportional electromagnet is connected with a drive output interface of the proportional electromagnet controller through a wire, the proportional electromagnet controller is externally connected with a 24V direct current power supply to serve as a power supply, the proportional electromagnet controller is connected with a data acquisition card and an upper computer through wires to carry out signal transmission and program output, an external upper computer program is operated, generated signals are transmitted to a single chip microcomputer through a download signal wire, the PWM duty ratio generated by a PWM generator inside the single chip microcomputer is changed, the generated PWM signals enter two input ends of an H bridge, N-type field effect tube switches forming the H bridge are controlled to be closed, the output voltage of a drive circuit is adjusted, namely, voltages at two ends of the proportional electromagnet are applied, the internal current of the proportional electromagnet is changed, and the proportional electromagnet is adjusted.
The proportional electromagnet controller is realized by combining an STM32F103C8T6 singlechip, a self-designed and welded signal acquisition module, a voltage supply module and a driving circuit module together, the STM32F103C8T6 is a 32-bit microcontroller based on an ARM Cortex-M kernel STM32 series, a PWM generation module is mainly used, and the proportional electromagnet controller can replace a singlechip of the same type and can realize higher model satisfying the same function; the signal acquisition module is formed by a UA741CP operational amplifier and a capacitance resistance inductor; the voltage supply module adopts a 24V to +/-12V voltage conversion module which raises the sun to supply voltage for the signal acquisition module, the model is A2412S-2WR2, and a 12V to 5V voltage supply circuit which is formed by LM2596 and capacitance resistance inductance is adopted to supply power for the current sensor; the driving circuit module adopts IR2104STRPBF and NMOS field effect transistor, and the capacitance resistance constitutes H bridge driving circuit together, and it is worth noting that voltage supply module can realize the replacement through the module sold in the market that can realize 24 to 12V, 12V to 5V, the driving circuit module can realize the replacement through the module sold in the market that can realize PWM signal voltage regulation output module, and the signal acquisition module can adopt the replacement of the same type acquisition card of the data acquisition card of studying the design of China.
Example 3:
a measuring device for measuring output characteristics of a proportional electromagnet is structurally shown in embodiment 2, and is characterized in that a ball screw sliding table module is arranged between a test bed 1 and a movable plate 5 and connected with a stepping motor 11, the ball screw sliding table module comprises a module base 12 and a ball screw, the module base 12 is fixedly installed on the test bed 1, one end of the ball screw is connected with the stepping motor 11 through a motor flange plate, the other end of the ball screw is connected with the movable plate 5 and used for converting rotary motion of the stepping motor 11 into linear motion of the movable plate 5, the ball screw is driven by the rotation of the stepping motor 11 to rotate, the ball screw can convert the rotary motion into the linear motion and further drive the movable plate 5 to do the linear motion, the movable plate 5 is fixedly connected with a horizontal connecting plate 6, the horizontal connecting plate 6 is fixedly connected with a vertical connecting plate 7, and the movement of the movable plate 5 drives, namely, the displacement adjustment of the electromagnet push rod 8 is realized.
Ball in this embodiment slides platform module adopts current product Europe power to reach GF150 totally enclosed dustproof ball slide platform module.
Example 4:
the utility model provides a measuring device for measuring proportion electro-magnet output characteristic, the structure is as shown in embodiment 3, and the difference is, and step motor 11 is closed loop step motor, and closed loop step motor is connected with single-axis controller through the closed loop driver. Closed loop step motor, closed loop driver pass through the wire with single axis controller and are connected, single axis controller accessible closed loop driver control closed loop step motor's rotational speed, direction, precision isoparametric, because the slip table is very high with the step motor precision, can guarantee the displacement accuracy nature of slip table.
The closed-loop stepping motor can adopt a 57 two-phase low-voltage closed-loop stepping motor, the single-shaft controller preferably adopts a CM35D-10XK single-shaft controller, the closed-loop driver has the function of driving the stepping motor to work and is connected to a lead interface of the stepping motor, and the CM35D-10XK single-shaft controller has the function of controlling the rotating speed, the direction and other movement functions of the stepping motor and is connected to the lead interface of the stepping motor.
Example 5:
the structure of the measuring device for measuring the output characteristic of the proportional electromagnet is as shown in embodiment 4, except that as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the adjustable clamping module comprises a vertical concave plate 13 and a replacing plate 14, the vertical concave plate 13 is connected with a test bed 1 through an angle aluminum connecting piece 15, a transverse adjusting waist-shaped hole 16 is formed in the connection part of the vertical concave plate 13 and the angle aluminum connecting piece 15, and one right-angle side of the angle aluminum connecting piece 15 is installed in the transverse adjusting waist-shaped hole 16 through an inner hexagonal cylindrical bolt; a plurality of X-direction adjusting waist-shaped holes 17 are uniformly formed in the test bed 1, and the other right-angle side of the angle aluminum connecting piece 15 is installed in the X-direction adjusting waist-shaped holes 17 of the test bed 1 through inner hexagonal cylindrical bolts;
a plurality of rows of vertical adjusting waist-shaped holes 18 are formed in the vertical concave plate 13, and the replacing plate 14 is installed on the plurality of rows of vertical adjusting waist-shaped holes 18 of the vertical concave plate 13 through hexagon socket head cap bolts;
and a proportional electromagnet mounting hole 19 is formed in the middle of the replacement plate, and the proportional electromagnet 4 is mounted in the proportional electromagnet mounting hole 19.
In the embodiment, 4 parallel X-direction adjusting waist-shaped holes 17 are uniformly arranged on the test bed 1, correspondingly, the number of the transverse adjusting waist-shaped holes 16 is 4, and the number of the angle aluminum connecting pieces 15 is 4;
the number of the vertical adjustment kidney-shaped holes 18 is 4 rows.
The proportional electromagnet 4 is installed on the adjustable clamping module, a transverse adjusting waist-shaped hole 16 and a vertical adjusting waist-shaped hole 18 are formed in a vertical concave plate 13 of the adjustable clamping module, an X-direction adjusting waist-shaped hole 17 is formed in the test bed 1, the position of the proportional electromagnet can be adjusted through the position adjusting function of the waist-shaped hole, the proportional electromagnet can be accurately butted with the electromagnet push rod 8 through adjusting the X direction (X-axis direction), the transverse direction (Y-axis direction) and the vertical position of the proportional electromagnet 4, the electromagnet push rod 8 is fixed on the S-shaped pulling and pressing sensor 2, the S-shaped pulling and pressing sensor 2 can move together with the ball screw sliding table module, the stepping motor 11 drives the ball screw sliding table module to move, the position of the electromagnet push rod 8 can be adjusted, and a force signal from the proportional electromagnet is transmitted to the S-shaped pulling and pressing sensor through the electromagnet push rod, the displacement signal of the proportional electromagnet can be transmitted to the self-resetting displacement sensor through the electromagnet push rod and the connecting baffle sheet.
Example 6:
the structure of the measuring device for measuring the output characteristic of the proportional electromagnet is as shown in embodiment 5, and is different in that a single-channel analog quantity transmitter is connected between an S-shaped pulling pressure sensor 2 and a signal acquisition module of a proportional electromagnet controller, the single-channel analog quantity transmitter has the function of amplifying a sensor analog quantity signal and is connected to a lead interface of a sensor, and the signal passing through the single-channel analog quantity transmitter is amplified and then transmitted to an information acquisition module.
The proportional electromagnet 4 is respectively used for measuring a displacement signal and a force signal transmitted by an electromagnet push rod 8 by a reset type displacement sensor 3 and an S-shaped pulling and pressing sensor 2, and because the numerical value is too small when the force signal is converted into a voltage analog quantity signal by the force sensor, a single-channel analog quantity transmitter is respectively connected between the force sensor and a signal acquisition module and between the displacement signal and the signal acquisition module, the voltage analog quantity signal output by the S-shaped pulling and pressing sensor is amplified by the analog quantity transmitter, and then the amplified force signal is acquired by a data acquisition card;
the output signal of the self-reset displacement sensor is large enough, and signal amplification can be carried out without a single-channel analog quantity transducer.
Example 7:
the utility model provides a measuring device for measuring proportion electro-magnet output characteristic, the structure is as shown in embodiment 6, and the difference is that through hexagon socket head cap screw fixed connection between movable plate 5 and the horizontal connecting plate 6, be bolted connection between horizontal connecting plate 6 and the vertical connecting plate 7, for improving test bench installation accuracy and controllability, all junctions all adopt bolted connection. .
Example 8:
a measuring device for measuring the output characteristic of a proportional electromagnet is structurally shown in embodiment 7, except that a test bed support leg 20 is arranged at the bottom of a test bed 1.
Example 9:
a measuring method of a measuring device for measuring output characteristics of a proportional electromagnet, comprising:
(1) the left end of an electromagnet push rod 8 is arranged in a threaded hole interface of an S-shaped pulling pressure sensor 2, and at the moment, a self-resetting displacement sensor 3 is just contacted with a connecting baffle piece 10;
(2) the proportional electromagnet 4 is arranged in the proportional electromagnet mounting hole 19, the positions of the proportional electromagnet 4 in the X axis, the Y axis and the vertical direction are adjusted through the adjustable clamping module, so that the output shaft of the proportional electromagnet 4 is aligned with the shaft of the electromagnet push rod 8 (namely, the proportional electromagnet is displaced on the same axis, manual adjustment can be carried out, the proportional electromagnet can be slightly moved in and out, and the force transmission is not influenced), and the position of the proportional electromagnet 4 does not move any more after adjustment;
(3) the moving plate 5 is adjusted to move in the X-axis direction through the ball screw sliding table module, so that the electromagnet push rod 8 is driven to move in the X-axis direction, the electromagnet push rod 8 is tangent to the output shaft of the proportional electromagnet 4, namely the electromagnet push rod 8 is in contact with the output shaft of the proportional electromagnet 4, the axes of the electromagnet push rod 8 and the output shaft of the proportional electromagnet 4 are positioned on the same straight line, and the self-resetting displacement sensor 3 is also in contact with the connecting baffle piece 10;
(4) the proportional electromagnet controller adjusts the voltage at two ends of the proportional electromagnet 4 to control the output thrust of the proportional electromagnet 4, at the moment, the proportional electromagnet 4 transmits force to the S-shaped tension and pressure sensor 2 through the electromagnet push rod 8 to obtain a force signal, transmits displacement to the self-resetting displacement sensor 3 through the electromagnet push rod 8 and the connecting baffle piece 10 to obtain a displacement signal, the force signal and the displacement signal are transmitted to an upper computer through the signal acquisition module and the data acquisition card respectively, and the upper computer performs drawing of a displacement-force characteristic curve and a current-force characteristic curve.
The main circuit of a signal acquisition module of the proportional electromagnet controller is a filtering interference-removing voltage following circuit consisting of an operational amplifier and a resistor capacitor, processed displacement signals and force signals are transmitted to a data acquisition card through a signal line, the data acquisition card converts received analog signals into digital signals and transmits the digital signals to an upper computer through the signal line for collection, and a displacement-force characteristic curve is drawn according to the digital signals; the current signal required for carrying out the current-force characteristic experiment is acquired by a Hall current sensor arranged in a proportional electromagnet controller driving circuit, the Hall current sensor generates a current analog signal and transmits the current analog signal to a data acquisition card through a signal wire, and the data acquisition card converts the received analog signal into a digital signal and transmits the digital signal to an upper computer for collection through the signal wire, so that a current-force characteristic curve is drawn.
Example 10:
a measurement method for a measurement device for measuring output characteristics of a proportional electromagnet, as shown in embodiment 9, except that, in step (2), three-dimensional position adjustment of the proportional electromagnet 4 can be realized through an adjustable clamping module, specifically:
can adjust the displacement of proportion electro-magnet 4 in X axle direction through X to adjusting waist type hole 17, can adjust the displacement of proportion electro-magnet 4 in Y axle direction through the horizontal regulation waist type hole 16 of vertical notch plate, through the vertical regulation waist type hole 18 of vertical notch plate, can adjust the displacement of proportion electro-magnet 4 in vertical direction.
The vertical adjusting waist-shaped hole 18, the transverse adjusting waist-shaped hole 16 and the X-direction adjusting waist-shaped hole 17 all belong to waist-shaped hole structures, and the fixed position of the inner hexagonal bolt in the waist-shaped hole can be adjusted and changed at will, so that the relative displacement can be changed through the matching of the waist-shaped hole and the inner hexagonal bolt, and the relative position of the adjustable clamping module can be changed.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A measuring device for measuring the output characteristic of a proportional electromagnet is characterized by comprising a test bed, an S-shaped tension and pressure sensor, a self-reset displacement sensor, an adjustable clamping module, the proportional electromagnet, a data acquisition card and an upper computer;
a moving plate is arranged at one end of the test bed, the adjustable clamping module is arranged at the other end of the test bed, the moving plate can move along the X-axis direction relative to the test bed, and the proportional electromagnet is mounted on the adjustable clamping module and can be adjusted in position on the X, Y axis;
the movable plate is fixedly provided with a horizontal connecting plate, the end part of the horizontal connecting plate is fixedly connected with a vertical connecting plate, the surfaces of the vertical connecting plate and the horizontal connecting plate are mutually vertical, the S-shaped pulling pressure sensor is fixedly arranged on the vertical connecting plate, and the S-shaped pulling pressure sensor is tangent to the proportional electromagnet through an electromagnet push rod;
a sensor mounting seat is fixedly arranged on the vertical connecting plate above the S-shaped pulling pressure sensor, the self-resetting displacement sensor is fixed on the sensor mounting seat, a connecting baffle is fixedly arranged on the electromagnet push rod, and the self-resetting displacement sensor is contacted with the connecting baffle to obtain the displacement of the proportional electromagnet;
the S-shaped tension and pressure sensor, the self-reset displacement sensor and the proportional electromagnet are all connected with a data acquisition card, and the data acquisition card is connected with an upper computer.
2. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the proportional electromagnet is connected to a proportional electromagnet controller, the proportional electromagnet controller comprises a single chip, a signal acquisition module, a voltage supply module and a driving circuit module, the signal acquisition module is connected to the S-type tension/pressure sensor, the self-resetting displacement sensor and the data acquisition card, and is used for processing the acquired force signal, displacement signal and current signal of the proportional electromagnet and transmitting the processed signals to the host computer through the data acquisition card, the driving circuit module is connected to the proportional electromagnet, the single chip is a driving signal generation module of the driving circuit module and is used for outputting a control signal to the driving circuit module to adjust the voltage at two ends of the proportional electromagnet, and the voltage supply module is used for providing the single chip, and the voltage supply module is used for supplying the single chip, And the signal acquisition module and the driving circuit module are connected with the power supply voltage.
3. The device according to claim 2, wherein a ball screw sliding table module is arranged between the test bed and the moving plate, the ball screw sliding table module is connected with a stepping motor, the ball screw sliding table module comprises a module base and a ball screw, the module base is fixedly mounted on the test bed, one end of the ball screw is connected with the stepping motor through a motor flange plate, and the other end of the ball screw is connected with the moving plate and used for converting the rotary motion of the stepping motor into the linear motion of the moving plate.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the stepper motor is a closed-loop stepper motor, and the closed-loop stepper motor is connected to the single-shaft controller via a closed-loop driver.
5. The measuring device for measuring the output characteristic of the proportional electromagnet according to claim 4, wherein the adjustable clamping module comprises a vertical concave plate and a replacing plate, the vertical concave plate is connected with the test bed through an angle aluminum connecting piece, a transverse adjusting waist-shaped hole is formed in the joint of the vertical concave plate and the angle aluminum connecting piece, and one right-angle edge of the angle aluminum connecting piece is installed in the transverse adjusting waist-shaped hole through an inner hexagonal cylindrical bolt; a plurality of X-direction adjusting waist-shaped holes are uniformly formed in the test bed, and the other right-angle side of the angle aluminum connecting piece is installed in the X-direction adjusting waist-shaped hole of the test bed through an inner hexagonal cylindrical bolt;
the vertical concave plate is provided with a plurality of rows of vertical adjusting waist-shaped holes, and the replacing plate is arranged on the plurality of rows of vertical adjusting waist-shaped holes of the vertical concave plate through hexagon socket head cap screws;
the middle part of the replacing plate is provided with a proportional electromagnet mounting hole, and the proportional electromagnet is mounted in the proportional electromagnet mounting hole.
6. The measuring device for measuring the output characteristics of the proportional electromagnet according to claim 5, wherein 4 parallel X-direction adjusting waist-shaped holes are uniformly arranged on the test bed, and correspondingly, the number of the transverse adjusting waist-shaped holes is 4, and the number of the angle aluminum connecting pieces is 4;
the number of the vertical adjusting kidney-shaped holes is 4 rows.
7. The device for measuring the output characteristic of the proportional electromagnet according to claim 6, wherein a single-channel analog quantity transmitter is connected between the S-shaped pulling pressure sensor and the signal acquisition module of the proportional electromagnet controller.
8. The device for measuring the output characteristics of the proportional electromagnet according to claim 7, wherein the moving plate is fixedly connected with the horizontal connecting plate through a hexagon socket head cap screw, and the horizontal connecting plate is connected with the vertical connecting plate through a screw;
preferably, the bottom of the test bed is provided with a test bed supporting foot column.
9. A measuring method of a measuring apparatus for measuring an output characteristic of a proportional electromagnet according to claim 8, comprising:
(1) the left end of the electromagnet push rod is arranged in a threaded hole interface of the S-shaped tension and pressure sensor, and at the moment, the self-resetting displacement sensor is just contacted with the connecting baffle sheet;
(2) the proportional electromagnet is installed in the proportional electromagnet installation hole, and the positions of the proportional electromagnet in the X axis, the Y axis and the vertical direction are adjusted through the adjustable clamping module, so that the position of the proportional electromagnet does not move any more after the output shaft of the proportional electromagnet is aligned and adjusted with the shaft of the electromagnet push rod;
(3) the moving plate is adjusted to move in the X-axis direction through the ball screw sliding table module, so that the electromagnet push rod is driven to move in the X-axis direction, the electromagnet push rod is tangent to the output shaft of the proportional electromagnet, namely the electromagnet push rod is in contact with the output shaft of the proportional electromagnet, the axes of the electromagnet push rod and the output shaft of the proportional electromagnet are positioned on the same straight line, and the self-resetting displacement sensor is also in contact with the connecting blocking piece;
(4) the proportional electromagnet controller adjusts the voltage at two ends of the proportional electromagnet, controls the proportional electromagnet to output thrust, transmits force to the S-shaped tension and pressure sensor through the electromagnet push rod to obtain a force signal, transmits displacement to the self-resetting displacement sensor through the electromagnet push rod and the connecting separation blade to obtain a displacement signal, transmits the force signal and the displacement signal to the upper computer through the signal acquisition module and the data acquisition card respectively, and draws a displacement-force characteristic curve and a current-force characteristic curve by the upper computer.
10. The measuring method of the measuring device for measuring the output characteristic of the proportional electromagnet according to claim 9, wherein in the step (2), the three-dimensional position adjustment of the proportional electromagnet can be realized through the adjustable clamping module, specifically:
the displacement of the proportion electromagnet in the X-axis direction can be adjusted through the X-direction adjusting waist-shaped hole, the displacement of the proportion electromagnet in the Y-axis direction can be adjusted through the transverse adjusting waist-shaped hole of the vertical concave plate, and the displacement of the proportion electromagnet in the vertical direction can be adjusted through the vertical adjusting waist-shaped hole of the vertical concave plate.
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