CN112960960A - Energy-saving heat-insulating building material prepared based on phosphogypsum and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Energy-saving heat-insulating building material prepared based on phosphogypsum and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112960960A CN112960960A CN202110227907.1A CN202110227907A CN112960960A CN 112960960 A CN112960960 A CN 112960960A CN 202110227907 A CN202110227907 A CN 202110227907A CN 112960960 A CN112960960 A CN 112960960A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/142—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/143—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements the synthetic calcium sulfate being phosphogypsum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
- C04B14/22—Glass ; Devitrified glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/32—Carbides; Nitrides; Borides ; Silicides
- C04B14/322—Carbides
- C04B14/324—Silicon carbide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
- C04B18/023—Fired or melted materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/14—Waste materials; Refuse from metallurgical processes
- C04B18/141—Slags
- C04B18/142—Steelmaking slags, converter slags
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
According to the energy-saving heat-insulating building material prepared based on the phosphogypsum and the preparation method thereof, calcium hydroxide is formed by combining calcium oxide in blast furnace slag powder with the phosphogypsum, and silicon oxide and aluminum oxide in waste glass powder are combined to slowly react to form hydrated silicate or hydrated calcium aluminate, so that the structure of concrete is more compact and the strength of the concrete is enhanced, and meanwhile, silicon carbide is combined with mixed ceramsite to enhance the overall strength, reduce the quality and improve the fireproof and soundproof effects of the concrete.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of phosphogypsum recycling, and particularly relates to an energy-saving and heat-insulating building material prepared based on phosphogypsum and a preparation method thereof.
Background
China is a country with coal as a main energy source, the coal reserves are in the top of the world, and the annual output is the first in the world. The coal gangue is a mixture of gangue pieces, ore layers and silt which are extracted simultaneously with coal during coal mining and contain low coal content, the stockpiling quantity in China reaches about 30 hundred million tons, and the occupied land is 1.1 hundred million m21 hundred million tons are newly added to coal mines in China every year. Most of the coal gangue with the amount is piled in the open air, and a large amount of acid water or water carrying heavy metal ions is generated through solarization, rain, weathering and decomposition, so that the underground water quality is damaged by infiltration and outflowResulting in surface water contamination. In addition, the gangue dump close to 1/3 is spontaneously combusted due to the existence of pyrite and carbonaceous materials, harmful and toxic gases are generated, and the environment is seriously polluted. In addition, the stacking of the coal gangue not only has certain influence on the natural landscape of a mining area, but also can generate landslide and debris flow phenomena. Therefore, the resource utilization of the coal gangue is concerned by numerous scholars and engineering technicians. However, the problem of resource utilization of coal gangue is not solved well all the time.
The phosphogypsum is industrial waste residue generated by reaction of phosphorus ore and sulfuric acid in the wet-process phosphoric acid production process, 4-5 tons of phosphogypsum are generated by calculation for each 1 ton of phosphoric acid produced, the annual emission amount of the phosphogypsum all over the world currently reaches more than 2 hundred million tons, but the utilization rate of the phosphogypsum does not exceed 10%, and the treatment, disposal and comprehensive utilization of the phosphogypsum become a worldwide problem. The yield of phosphate fertilizers is the first world in China, and a large amount of wet-process phosphoric acid is needed for producing high-concentration phosphate fertilizers (such as ammonium phosphate, heavy calcium carbonate and the like), and a large amount of phosphogypsum waste residues are generated. Most of phosphogypsum is piled or dumped, the piling of the phosphogypsum not only occupies a large amount of land and consumes a large amount of capital, but also acidic water leaks to pollute a water source, and secondary pollution is formed. But the phosphogypsum contains abundant calcium and sulfur and is a precious resource. At present, the worldwide supply of sulfur resources is short, the price of sulfur rises, China is a country relatively lack of sulfur resources, the import quantity of sulfur in China reaches 4Mt in 2000, and the import of imported phosphate fertilizer (according to the acid consumption) is equivalent to 5Mt of imported sulfur. The dependence of sulfur resources on the outside is over 50% in 2005. Therefore, the disposal and utilization of the phosphogypsum waste residue are urgent from the aspects of environmental protection and resource utilization.
The current utilization situation of the phosphogypsum at home and abroad can be used as a cement retarder, plastering gypsum, a gypsum plaster board, a hollow board, a gypsum brick, a building block, underground filling, co-production of cement and sulfuric acid, a road building material and ammonium sulfate preparation. When the phosphogypsum is used for replacing natural gypsum to produce gypsum building materials, the phosphogypsum is acidic, so that building components and production equipment are corroded. China has applications in the aspects of making gypsum boards, building blocks, gypsum powder for buildings and the like by using phosphogypsum, but the defects of difficult purification, high energy consumption and the like still exist in the aspects of pretreatment, roasting and the like of the phosphogypsum in the early stage, and the stability of the product quality is influenced. The problem of adopting gypsum and ammonium carbonate to prepare ammonium sulfate is that the mass fraction of calcium carbonate as a byproduct is high.
In conclusion, a large amount of phosphogypsum is stacked, occupies land, pollutes the environment, and the resource utilization of the phosphogypsum is slow and imperative. However, various difficulties and problems still exist in the utilization of the phosphogypsum at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an energy-saving heat-insulating building material prepared based on phosphogypsum and a preparation method thereof, which are used for producing concrete blocks and pavement bricks meeting the national standard so as to relieve the problem of environmental pollution caused by phosphogypsum stockpiling, actively promote the resource utilization of the phosphogypsum and have good economic benefit and environmental protection benefit.
According to one aspect of the invention, an energy-saving and heat-insulating building material prepared based on phosphogypsum is provided, and comprises portland cement, waste glass powder, mixed ceramsite, blast furnace slag powder, phosphogypsum, silicon carbide and a water reducing agent; relative to 100 parts by weight of Portland cement, the waste glass powder accounts for 5-30 parts, the mixed ceramsite accounts for 25-30 parts, the blast furnace slag powder accounts for 20-25 parts, the phosphogypsum accounts for 35-55 parts, the silicon carbide accounts for 15-18 parts, and the water reducing agent accounts for 4.5-8 parts.
On the basis of the scheme, the specific gravity of the mixed ceramsite is preferably less than 0.7kg/m3, the mixed ceramsite comprises ceramsite and ceramic sand, and the weight ratio of the ceramsite to the ceramic sand is 1: 1.5, the diameter of the ceramsite is 10-20mm, and the diameter of the ceramic sand is 3-5 mm.
On the basis of the scheme, the porosity of the mixed ceramsite is preferably 50-70%.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the energy-saving environment-friendly building material, which comprises the following steps:
step A1, uniformly mixing blast furnace slag powder and phosphogypsum in proportion, adding waste glass powder and water, uniformly mixing for the second time at normal temperature to obtain a mixture A, and performing low-frequency vibration mixing at the frequency of 1550-;
step A2, heating the mixed ceramsite to 800-;
step A3, mixing the portland cement and a water reducing agent in proportion at normal temperature, then carrying out vibration mixing on the mixture A and the mixture B at the low frequency of 3000-plus 4500rpm for 15min, and pouring the mixed concrete into a mold;
and step A4, a molding curing step, namely performing steam wetting curing at 65 +/-5 ℃ for 9 +/-1 hours in a curing chamber, and demolding.
Preferably, in the step a2, the specific steps are,
step A21, respectively heating the ceramsite and the ceramic sand to 800-;
and A22, jetting the ceramic sand and the silicon carbide into the ceramic particles oppositely at the speed of 600m/s respectively for mixing.
Preferably, in the step a21, the ceramsite is in a flat state.
Preferably, the temperature change in the steam-wet curing is 15 ℃ or less per hour.
In addition to the above, preferably, in step a3, a flake glass fiber may be further added, and the glass fiber may be added in an amount of 8 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of portland cement.
On the basis of the scheme, the glass fiber is preferably an object glass fiber yarn.
According to the energy-saving heat-insulating building material prepared based on the phosphogypsum, calcium hydroxide is formed by combining calcium oxide in blast furnace slag powder with the phosphogypsum, and silicon oxide and aluminum oxide in waste glass powder are combined to slowly react to form hydrated silicate or hydrated calcium aluminate, so that the structure of concrete is more compact, the strength of the concrete is enhanced, and meanwhile, silicon carbide is combined with mixed ceramsite to enhance the overall strength, reduce the quality and improve the fireproof and soundproof effects of the concrete.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a production flow chart of the energy-saving and heat-insulating building material prepared based on phosphogypsum.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The Portland cement involved in the invention is one of ordinary Portland cement, moderate-heat Portland cement, coarse steel Portland cement, low-heat Portland cement and sulfate-resistant Portland cement. In the present invention, ordinary portland cement is used, and ordinary portland cement is cement widely used for construction, and its main components are tricalcium silicate 3CaO · SiO2, dicalcium silicate 2CaO · SiO2, tricalcium aluminate 3CaO · Al2O3 and tetracalcium aluminoferrite 4CaO · Al2O3 · Fe2O3, and the specific surface area is about 450m2/kg。
The invention relates to the use of waste glass frits as Silica (SiO) with at least 70% of chemical constituents having latent hydraulic properties2) And when the hydration reaction with portland cement is activated, the pozzolanic action in the portland cement is activated to enhance its strength and workability.
And when the content of the waste glass frit is less than 5 parts by weight, the compression strength is lowered in the laboratory, and when it exceeds 30 parts by weight, the compression strength and workability are deteriorated.
The blast furnace slag powder of the present invention is also silicon dioxide (SiO)2) The content of the components is more than 35%. Thus, the blast furnace slag also activates a pozzolanic action when hydrated with silicate cement, thereby improving cohesiveness, enhancing strength and contributing to improved workability.
The silica component of the present invention does not have curability per se, but because it has a property of reacting with calcium hydroxide in the presence of water at room temperature to generate a stable insoluble compound and curing it. The calcium oxide component in the blast furnace slag reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide and slowly reacts with silica and alumina eluted from the waste glass powder to insoluble calcium. Hydrated silicates or hydrated calcium aluminates are formed to make the structure denser and contribute to the strength of the concrete.
The main component of the phosphogypsum is calcium sulfate dihydrate, and when the phosphogypsum is used, hydration reaction can be carried out through phosphogypsum-blast furnace slag powder, so that on one hand, the phosphogypsum can be recycled in a large amount, and on the other hand, in the building material, hydrated silicate or hydrated calcium aluminate is formed through proper reaction, so that the structure is more compact, and the strength of concrete is improved.
While the alkali activator of the present invention is a factor affecting the strength of the building material, any one or a mixture of two or more selected from alkali metal hydroxides, chlorides, sulfur oxides and carbonates, preferably sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, can be used. The use of sodium carbonate is most advantageous in terms of strength development.
When the content of the water reducing agent is less than 4.5 parts by weight or more than 8 parts by weight, the strength of the rapidly-cured binder powder may be reduced.
The mixed ceramsite of the invention is common ceramsite, and the specific gravity of the ceramsite is less than 0.7kg/m3The specific gravity of the ceramsite directly influences the specific gravity of the formed building material. The mixed ceramsite of the invention comprises ceramsite and ceramic sand, wherein the weight ratio of the ceramsite to the ceramic sand is 1: 1.5, the diameter of the ceramsite is 10-20mm, the diameter of the ceramic sand is 3-5mm, and the porosity of the mixed ceramsite is 50-70%.
According to the energy-saving heat-insulating building material prepared based on the phosphogypsum, calcium hydroxide is formed by combining calcium oxide in blast furnace slag powder with the phosphogypsum, and silicon oxide and aluminum oxide in waste glass powder are combined to slowly react to form hydrated silicate or hydrated calcium aluminate, so that the structure of concrete is more compact, the strength of the concrete is enhanced, and meanwhile, silicon carbide is combined with mixed ceramsite to enhance the overall strength, reduce the quality and improve the fireproof and soundproof effects of the concrete.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the energy-saving environment-friendly building material, which comprises the following steps:
step A1, uniformly mixing blast furnace slag powder and phosphogypsum in proportion, adding waste glass powder and water, uniformly mixing for the second time at normal temperature to obtain a mixture A, and performing low-frequency vibration mixing at the frequency of 1550-;
step A2, heating the mixed ceramsite to 800-;
step A3, mixing the portland cement and a water reducing agent in proportion at normal temperature, then carrying out vibration mixing on the mixture A and the mixture B at the low frequency of 3000-plus 4500rpm for 15min, and pouring the mixed concrete into a mold;
step A4. a molding curing step, wherein steam wetting curing is carried out for 9 plus or minus 1 hour at 65 plus or minus 5 ℃ in a curing chamber, and a demolding step is carried out.
In step a2 of the present invention, the specific steps are,
step A21, respectively heating the ceramsite and the ceramic sand to 800-;
and A22, jetting the ceramic sand and the silicon carbide into the ceramic particles oppositely at the speed of 600m/s respectively for mixing.
Preferably, in order to ensure that the ceramsite is completely and fully infiltrated into the silicon carbide, the ceramsite is flatly laid when the operation step A21 is performed, the silicon carbide is sprayed onto the surface of the ceramsite at the speed of 600m/s, the silicon carbide is infiltrated into the ceramsite by utilizing the state of larger porosity of the ceramsite, and then the ceramic sand is utilized to adjust the whole mixing gap of the ceramsite, so that the performances of fire resistance, heat insulation and high strength of the ceramsite are improved.
Preferably, the temperature change in the steam-wet curing reaches 15 ℃ or less per hour.
In order to further improve the overall fire-retardant performance, the invention can also add sheet-shaped glass fibers in the step A3, wherein the glass fibers are 8-10 parts relative to 100 parts by weight of Portland cement, and preferably the glass fibers are object glass fiber yarns.
In order to verify the performance of the building material of the present invention, specific experimental data are described below.
Example 1
Finally, the method of the present application is only a preferred embodiment and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The energy-saving heat-insulating building material prepared based on the phosphogypsum is characterized by comprising portland cement, waste glass powder, mixed ceramsite, blast furnace slag powder, phosphogypsum, silicon carbide and a water reducing agent; relative to 100 parts by weight of Portland cement, the waste glass powder accounts for 5-30 parts, the mixed ceramsite accounts for 25-30 parts, the blast furnace slag powder accounts for 20-25 parts, the phosphogypsum accounts for 35-55 parts, the silicon carbide accounts for 15-18 parts, and the water reducing agent accounts for 4.5-8 parts.
2. The energy-saving heat-insulating building material prepared from phosphogypsum according to claim 1, wherein the specific gravity of the mixed ceramsite is less than 0.7kg/m3The mixed ceramsite comprises ceramsite and ceramic sand, and the weight ratio of the ceramsite to the ceramic sand is 1: 1.5, the diameter of the ceramsite is 10-20mm, and the diameter of the ceramic sand is 3-5 mm.
3. The energy-saving heat-insulating building material prepared from the phosphogypsum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the porosity of the mixed ceramsite is 50-70%.
4. A method for preparing the energy-saving environment-friendly building material as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
step A1, uniformly mixing blast furnace slag powder and phosphogypsum in proportion, adding waste glass powder and water, uniformly mixing for the second time at normal temperature to obtain a mixture A, and performing low-frequency vibration mixing at the frequency of 1550-;
step A2, heating the mixed ceramsite to 800-;
step A3, mixing the portland cement and a water reducing agent in proportion at normal temperature, then carrying out vibration mixing on the mixture A and the mixture B at the low frequency of 3000-plus 4500rpm for 15min, and pouring the mixed concrete into a mold;
step A4. a molding curing step, wherein steam wetting curing is carried out for 9 plus or minus 1 hour at 65 plus or minus 5 ℃ in a curing chamber, and a demolding step is carried out.
5. The method for preparing an energy-saving and environment-friendly building material according to claim 4, wherein in the step A2, the concrete steps are,
step A21, respectively heating the ceramsite and the ceramic sand to 800-;
and A22, jetting the ceramic sand and the silicon carbide into the ceramic particles oppositely at the speed of 600m/s respectively for mixing.
6. The method for preparing an energy-saving and environment-friendly building material as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step A21, the ceramsite is in a flat state.
7. The method of making an energy efficient and environmentally friendly building material of claim 4, wherein the temperature change during the steam wet cure reaches 15 ℃ or less per hour.
8. The method for producing an energy-saving and environment-friendly building material according to claim 4, wherein in the step A3, flaky glass fibers are further added in an amount of 8 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of portland cement.
9. The method for preparing an energy-saving and environment-friendly building material according to claim 9, wherein the glass fiber is an article glass fiber yarn.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113387574A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-09-14 | 贵州应用技术职业学院 | Phosphogypsum-based black glass and preparation method thereof |
| CN113387571A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-09-14 | 贵州应用技术职业学院 | Phosphogypsum-based blue glass and preparation method thereof |
-
2021
- 2021-03-01 CN CN202110227907.1A patent/CN112960960A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113387574A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-09-14 | 贵州应用技术职业学院 | Phosphogypsum-based black glass and preparation method thereof |
| CN113387571A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-09-14 | 贵州应用技术职业学院 | Phosphogypsum-based blue glass and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210615 |
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