CN112956304A

CN112956304A - Hawthorn pulp removing method

Info

Publication number: CN112956304A
Application number: CN202110274030.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 董宁光; 郑书旗; 胡广隆
Original assignee: Beijing Academy Of Forestry And Pomology Sciences
Current assignee: Beijing Academy Of Forestry And Pomology Sciences
Priority date: 2021-03-15
Filing date: 2021-03-15
Publication date: 2021-06-15
Anticipated expiration: 2041-03-15
Also published as: CN112956304B

Abstract

The invention provides a hawthorn fruit flesh removing method, which comprises the following steps: 1) collecting the hawthorn at the early fruit coloring stage; 2) soaking the harvested hawthorn in 0.1% ethephon solution containing 0.3% Tritong X-100 for 2-3 minutes; 3) piling and retting the hawthorns treated in the step 2), tightly covering the hawthorns with greenhouse heat-preservation cotton, and retting the hawthorns for 10-15 days until the hawthorns become soft and rotten; 4) carrying out enzymolysis on the hawthorn processed in the step 3) for 5-7h by using amylase solution at 25 ℃; 5) hydrolyzing the hawthorn processed in the step 4) with complex enzyme for 6-8 h; 6) putting the hawthorn processed in the step 5) into a stainless steel wire mesh screen basin, and washing by using a high-pressure water gun until the pulp is completely washed away to obtain hawthorn seeds.

Description

Hawthorn pulp removing method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural seedling culture, and relates to a hawthorn fruit flesh removing method.

Background

Crataegus pinnatifida (Crataegus L.) belongs to the genus Crataegus of the family Rosaceae. The hawthorn has the advantages of cold resistance, drought resistance, less plant diseases and insect pests, strong adaptability and the like, and the fruit has high nutritional value, is a medical and edible tonic and is praised as a nutritional and health-care fruit. With the increase of the demand of people on the hawthorns, the seed seedling raising technology is a problem which is relatively concerned by people. Because the shell of the hawthorn seed is thick and hard, the suture line is tight and is not easy to absorb moisture, and the germination is not easy, in order to improve the germination rate of the seed, the fruit is usually picked at the early stage of fruit coloring, at the moment, the seed is basically mature, and the seed core is not completely ossified, thereby being beneficial to the germination of the seed. As the fruits are picked in advance, the hardness of the fruits is high, the adhesion force between the pulp and the seeds is strong, and the pulp is not easy to remove. The hawthorn pulp is usually removed by rolling with stone rollers or by treading, and after the pulp is broken, manually cleaning and taking out the seeds. The method for removing hawthorn pulp is time-consuming, labor-consuming and low in efficiency. Therefore, in the process of raising seedlings of hawthorn seeds, how to rapidly and efficiently remove the pulp is not reported yet.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a hawthorn pulp removing method, which solves the problems of time and labor consumption and low efficiency of hawthorn pulp removal.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a hawthorn pulp removing method, which comprises the following steps:

1) collecting the hawthorn at the early fruit coloring stage;

2) soaking the collected hawthorn in 0.1% ethephon-0.3% Triton X-100-containing solution for 2-3 minutes;

the amount of 0.1% ethephon solution containing 0.3% Triton X-100 is sufficient to submerge fructus crataegi.

3) Piling and retting the hawthorns treated in the step 2), tightly covering the hawthorns with greenhouse heat-preservation cotton, and retting the hawthorns for 10-15 days until the hawthorns become soft and rotten;

4) carrying out enzymolysis on the hawthorn processed in the step 3) for 5-7h by using amylase solution at 25 ℃;

5) hydrolyzing the hawthorn processed in the step 4) with complex enzyme for 6-8 h;

6) putting the hawthorn processed in the step 5) into a stainless steel wire mesh screen basin, and washing by using a high-pressure water gun until the pulp is completely washed away to obtain hawthorn seeds.

Preferably, the hawthorn fruits 1/4-1/3 are colored at the initial fruit coloring stage.

Preferably, the amylase solution has a concentration of 3-5 m/v%.

Preferably, the pH of the amylase solution is 6.0-7.0.

Preferably, the compound enzyme consists of pectinase and cellulase, and the mass ratio of the pectinase to the cellulase is that: the cellulase is 1: 2.

Preferably, the concentration of the complex enzyme solution is 6-8 g/ml.

Preferably, the pH value of the complex enzyme is 4.0-5.0.

Preferably, the stainless steel wire mesh basin has a void size of 0.27cm to 0.63 cm.

Preferably, the flushing pressure of the high-pressure water gun is 4-6 Mpa.

The hawthorn fruit begins to enter a rapid growth period after the hawthorn fruit grows in 5 months and enters a slow growth period after 6 months. At this time, although the longitudinal and transverse stems of the fruit grow slowly, the seeds of the seed shell inside the fruit are transformed greatly. At the end of 8 months, the seed kernel lignification is finished, and the longitudinal and transverse stem growth of the fruit enters the second growth peak. The fruit is ripe in the middle ten days of 10 months, and the fruit development period is about 150 days.

The accumulation of starch is highest in 7-8 months in the development process of the hawthorn fruits and reaches 7.55-13.84%, and the fruits grow slowly in the period. The starch content in the early growth stage of the fruits is steadily between 4.99 and 6.92 percent, the starch content in the later growth stage of the fruits, namely the near-mature stage, shows a remarkable reduction trend, and the starch content in the mature fruits is only 3.74 to 5.66 percent.

The accumulation of soluble sugar in the development process of the hawthorn fruits has two peaks, namely 5-6 months from the bottom, which is the later stage of the first peak of the fruits, and the content is 4.87-2.38%. The second accumulation peak is 8 months from the bottom to 10 months before, and coincides with the second growth peak of the fruit. The sugar content of the near-mature fruit is 8.85-9.62%.

In the invention, 0.1% ethephon solution containing 0.3% Triton X-100 is used for soaking the hawthorn, the Triton X-100 is a nonionic surfactant, and the application of the Triton X-100 can increase the adhesion between the solution and the fruit.

The seed kernels of different hawthorn varieties have different sizes, the length of the hawthorn seed kernels is 0.51-1.26cm, the width of the seed kernels is 0.27-0.63cm, and therefore, the size of the gap of the sieve basin is 0.27-0.63 cm.

The invention utilizes ethephon, amylase, pectinase and cellulose for treatment, and stack retting to decompose hawthorn pulp, reduce the adhesive force between the pulp and the surface of the seed, and then utilizes a high-pressure water gun to wash the hawthorn, the impact force of water is greater than the adhesive force between the hawthorn pulp and the surface of the seed, and the pulp can be washed away by high-pressure water, so that the seed is left.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention provides a hawthorn pulp removing method, which uses a chemical method to soften pulp and combines a physical method to remove pulp, the whole process is rapid and efficient, labor is saved, and the method can also be suitable for removing pulp of other plant varieties with hard fruit stones, such as jujube.

Detailed Description

The following detailed and complete description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to enable those skilled in the art to more easily understand the advantages and features of the present invention, and to clearly and clearly define the scope of the present invention.

The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.

Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

Example 1 separation of Hawthorn flesh of "Venus Clarke

(1) Haw harvesting

In 8 middle of the month, 'jinxing' hawthorn at the early coloring stage (1/4-1/3 coloring) is collected.

(2) Ethephon treatment

The 'Venus' hawthorn was soaked in 0.1% ethephon solution (containing 0.3% Triton X-100) for 2 minutes. The amount of 0.1% ethephon in water solution containing 0.3% Triton X-100 is sufficient to cover the hawthorn, ensuring that each hawthorn is in contact with the water solution.

(3) Composting

The 'Venus' hawthorn fruit after the ethephon treatment is piled up and retted tightly by a greenhouse heat preservation cotton quilt, and the piles are retted for 15 days until the hawthorn fruit flesh becomes soft and rotten.

(4) Amylase treatment

Performing enzymolysis on the 'aventurine' hawthorn subjected to stack retting for 6h by using 5% (m/v) amylase, wherein the mass-volume ratio of the hawthorn to the amylase solution is 1g:4ml, and the enzymolysis condition is pH6.8 and 25 ℃.

(5) Complex enzyme treatment

Hydrolyzing Amylase-treated fructus crataegi with 6g/ml complex enzyme (pectase: cellulase 1:2) at pH4.5 and 50 deg.C for 8 hr to obtain a solution with a mass-to-volume ratio of fructus crataegi to complex enzyme of 1g:3ml

(6) High pressure water gun flushing

Putting fructus crataegi treated with complex enzyme into stainless steel wire mesh screen basin (gap size of 0.5cm), and washing with high pressure water gun (5Mpa) until pulp is completely washed away to obtain fructus crataegi seed.

The result proves that the 'golden star' hawthorn pulp can be quickly and efficiently removed by adopting the method.

Example 2 detachment of "sweet" Hawthorn fruit pulp

(1) Haw harvesting

In 8 middle of the month, 'sweet' hawthorn is collected at the early stage of coloration (1/3 coloration).

(2) Ethephon treatment

'Jiatian' hawthorn was soaked in 0.1% ethephon solution (containing 0.3% Triton X-100) for 2 minutes. The amount of 0.1% ethephon in water solution containing 0.3% Triton X-100 is sufficient to cover the hawthorn, ensuring that each hawthorn is in contact with the water solution.

(3) Composting

The 'sweet' hawthorn fruits after the ethephon treatment are piled up and covered tightly by greenhouse heat preservation cotton, and the piles are retted for 12 days until the hawthorn fruit flesh becomes soft and decays.

(4) Amylase treatment

Performing enzymolysis on the retted 'sweet' hawthorn by 4% (m/v) amylase for 7h, wherein the mass-volume ratio of the hawthorn to the amylase solution is 1g:4ml, and the enzymolysis condition is pH6.8 and 25 ℃.

(5) Complex enzyme treatment

The 'sweet' hawthorn treated by amylase is hydrolyzed by 8g/ml of complex enzyme (pectinase: cellulase is 1:2) for 7h, the mass-volume ratio of the hawthorn to the complex enzyme solution is 1g:3ml, the hydrolysis condition is pH4.5, and the temperature is 50 ℃.

(6) High pressure water gun flushing

Putting the 'sweet' hawthorn processed by the complex enzyme into a stainless steel wire mesh screen basin (the size of a gap is 0.4cm), and washing by using a high-pressure water gun (4Mpa) until the pulp is completely washed away to obtain hawthorn seeds.

The results demonstrate that the method can rapidly and efficiently remove 'sweet' hawthorn pulp.

From the embodiments, the invention provides a hawthorn pulp removing method, which solves the problems of time and labor consumption and low efficiency of pulp removal in the hawthorn seed seedling raising process, and is rapid, efficient and labor-saving.

Claims

1. A hawthorn pulp removing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) collecting the hawthorn at the early fruit coloring stage;

5) hydrolyzing the hawthorn processed in the step 4) for 6-8h at 50-55 ℃ by using a complex enzyme;

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the initial coloring of the fruit of step 1) is from 1/4 to 1/3 color of hawthorn fruit.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the amylase solution of step 4) has a concentration of 3-5 m/v%; the mass volume ratio of the hawthorn to the amylase solution is 1g to 4 ml.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the amylase solution of step 4) has a pH of 6.0 to 7.0.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the complex enzyme in step 5) is composed of pectinase and cellulase, and the mass ratio of the pectinase to the cellulase is that: the cellulase is 1: 2; the mass volume ratio of the hawthorn to the compound enzyme solution is 1g to 3 ml.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the complex enzyme solution in the step 5) is 6-8 g/ml.

7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pH of the complex enzyme in step 5) is 4.0-5.0.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the stainless steel wire mesh basin of step 6) has a void size of 0.27cm to 0.63 cm.

9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flushing pressure of the high pressure water gun of step 6) is 4Mpa to 6 Mpa.