CN112940969A - Novel microbial agent and soybean planting method - Google Patents
Novel microbial agent and soybean planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112940969A CN112940969A CN202110176221.4A CN202110176221A CN112940969A CN 112940969 A CN112940969 A CN 112940969A CN 202110176221 A CN202110176221 A CN 202110176221A CN 112940969 A CN112940969 A CN 112940969A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural microorganisms, and particularly discloses a novel microbial agent and a soybean planting method. The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains: 1) one or more of Corynebacterium, Paracoccus, Chromobacterium, Achromobacter, Acidithiobacillus, Acidovorax, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Cupriavium, Dekkera, Oenospira, Hygrobacter, Hydrophaga, Pseudomonas, Pseudonocardia, Rhizobium, Rhodococcus, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Gluconobacter, Flavobacterium, Watertilla; 2) azospirillum and azotobacter. The novel microbial agent can improve the emergence rate and the survival rate of soybeans, improve the growth of soybean seedlings, promote the accumulation of organic matters, improve the disease resistance of the soybeans to harmful bacteria and improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizers of the soybeans.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural microorganisms, in particular to a novel microbial agent and a soybean planting method.
Background
Soybeans are commonly known as soybeans. The soybean planting has 5000 years of agricultural history from now, called Shushu, and the soybean is planted since ancient times in China, and the soybean is planted all over the country, but the planting amount of the soybean is the best in northeast. 700 million tons of soybeans are produced in Heilongjiang province, while the annual yield of soybeans in China is 1600 million tons, accounting for 45 percent. Because of the high quality protein nutritive value of soybean, soybean is called king in bean, meat in field, and is a health food which is sought after. The soybean is rich in 40% of protein, contains eight essential amino acids which are necessary to be taken by human beings, and is a high-quality health-care edible raw material. With the development of economy in China, the demand of people on meat is continuously increased, the consumption of meat and eggs is continuously increased, and the demand on protein feeds such as bean pulp and bean cakes is rapidly increased. In addition to high nutritive value as agricultural resource with high physiological activity, soybean can be used as raw material of vitamin tannate protein in paint, printing ink, glycerin and medicine industry, can replace milk powder, margarine and cream, and can be applied to industries of building materials, electronics, mechanical manufacturing and the like.
The soybean grows in three growth stages, including vegetative growth stage, reproductive growth stage and merging stage. The soybean is divided into six growth periods, including seed germination period, seedling period, branch period, flowering period, pod-bearing and grain-swelling period, and maturation period. During germination, the radicle protrudes from the plant hole, and when the seed germinates, the seed absorbs water which is one to one and a half times heavier than the seed. The time of emergence was about five days. Approximately half of the soybean sprouts are called emergence. The seedling stage refers to a stage before flower bud differentiation. In agriculture, squat seedlings are generally paid attention to increase the strength of roots and stalks. The differentiation from flower buds to the growth of flowers is called the flower bud differentiation period. The flowering period is from the flowering to the flower-falling period, and the pod formation period is from the young pod to the pod bearing period, because the flowering and the pod bearing are performed simultaneously, and the two periods are collectively called the flowering and pod bearing period. The period from the beginning of the enlargement of the bean grains to the maximum volume of the bean grains is called the swelling period. The leaves become yellow and break off the way, and the bean grains begin to dehydrate, which is called the maturation period of the soybean.
The existing soybean planting technology generally uses chemical drug coating, fertilizer pesticides in the soybean coating provide nutrient supply and protection at the initial growth stage of seeds, and the pesticide has a good killing effect on external insect eggs and can prevent and control harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, oomycetes and the like. However, the chemical medicine is irritating to the seeds, may reduce the rate of emergence of the seeds, causes certain distortion, and is too toxic to the coating agent, thereby causing environmental pollution. And the current soybean planting technology lacks lasting and effective harmful bacterium resistance. In the growth process of soybeans, various diseases such as downy mildew, gray spot and the like can occur, various harmful bacteria are hidden in soybean fields due to the close planting technology for many years and the decline of soil, the soybean planting technology lacks a prevention and control means except pesticides, once the harmful bacteria break out, the yield and the quality of the soybeans can be influenced, even the large-scale yield reduction and dead production of the soybeans are caused, and the safety of agriculture and animal husbandry is endangered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a novel microbial agent and a soybean planting method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the first purpose of the invention is to provide a novel microbial agent, which comprises the following strains:
1) one or more of Corynebacterium, Paracoccus, Chromobacterium, Achromobacter, Acidithiobacillus, Acidovorax, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Cupriavium, Dekkera, Oenospira, Hygrobacter, Hydrophaga, Pseudomonas, Pseudonocardia, Rhizobium, Rhodococcus, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Gluconobacter, Flavobacterium, Watertilla;
2) azospirillum and azotobacter.
The inventor prepares the novel microbial agent through numerous experiments, and the novel microbial agent can improve the emergence rate of soybeans, improve the survival rate of emergence, improve the growth of seedlings and promote the accumulation of organic matters. The novel microbial agent can also prevent and control underground pests such as mole cricket, cutworm and the like, improve the disease resistance of soybeans to harmful bacteria, improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizers of the soybeans, and improve the calcium content and the iron content in the soybeans.
As a preferred embodiment of the novel microbial agent of the present invention, the novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of corynebacterium, 20-60 parts of paracoccus, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azospirillum; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of chromobacterium, 20-60 parts of achromobacter, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azospirillum; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of acidithiobacillus, 20-60 parts of acidovorax, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azotobacter; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of Alcaligenes, 20-60 parts of Arthrobacter, 10-40 parts of Azospirillum and 10-40 parts of Azospirillum; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of bacillus, 20-60 parts of cupriasis, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azospirillum; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of Dexburgh, 20-60 parts of whelk, 10-40 parts of Azospirillum and 10-40 parts of Azospirillum; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of hydrogenobacterium, 20-60 parts of hydrogenphagocytospora, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azotobacter; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of pseudomonas, 20-60 parts of pseudonocardia, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azotobacter; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of rhizobium, 20-60 parts of rhodococcus, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azotobacter; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of rhodopseudomonas, 20-60 parts of rhodospirillum, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azospirillum; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of genus Fomitopsis, 20-60 parts of genus xanthobacter, 10-40 parts of genus Azospirillum and 10-40 parts of genus Azospirillum; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of flavobacterium, 20-60 parts of Wott bacterium, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azotobacter; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of flavobacterium, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azotobacter; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of rhodococcus, 20-60 parts of rhodospirillum, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azospirillum; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of pseudomonas, 20-60 parts of rhodopseudomonas, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azospirillum; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of acidovorax, 20-60 parts of alcaligenes, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azotobacter; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of cupriosis, 20-60 parts of paracoccus, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azospirillum; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of hydrophagocys, 20-60 parts of cupriosis, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azotobacter.
A second object of the present invention provides an additive composition comprising the novel microbial inoculant as described above.
As a preferred embodiment of the additive composition of the present invention, the additive composition further comprises an additive, the additive is one or more of rice soup, flour soup, gamma-polyglutamic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyvinyl alcohol, seaweed extract, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, humic acid, methyl cellulose, palygorskite, hydroxypropyl starch ether, adenosine acid, diethylene glycol butyl acetate, catalase, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, proline, sodium dodecyl sulfate, pullulan, sodium dioctyl succinate, an antifreeze, propylene glycol alginate, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, sodium starch phosphate, sodium nitrophenolate, sodium alginate, sodium methylene dinaphthalene sulfonate, sodium polyacrylate, sodium lignosulfonate, polyoxyethylene, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium alginate, polyvinyl sorbitan and bentonite.
As a preferred embodiment of the additive composition of the present invention, the additive is rice soup; or a noodle soup; or a combination of gamma-polyglutamic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide; or a combination of polyvinyl alcohol, seaweed extract; or a combination of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, humic acid; or a combination of methylcellulose, palygorskite; or a combination of hydroxypropyl starch ether, adenylic acid; or a combination of diethylene glycol butyl acetate and catalase; or a combination of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, proline; or a combination of sodium lauryl sulfate, pullulan; or a combination of sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate and an antifreeze agent; or a combination of propylene glycol alginate, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate; or a combination of sodium starch phosphate and sodium nitrophenolate; or sodium alginate and sodium methylene dinaphthalenesulfonate; or a combination of sodium polyacrylate and sodium lignosulfonate; or a combination of polyoxyethylene, potassium dihydrogen phosphate; or a combination of polyvinylpyrrolidone and sodium alginate; or a combination of polyethylene sorbitan and bentonite.
More preferably, the additive composition is prepared from the novel microbial agent and rice soup or flour soup according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
More preferably, the additive consists of 2-10 parts by weight of gamma-polyglutamic acid and 1-5 parts by weight of chitosan oligosaccharide; or 2-10 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol and 1-5 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol; or is composed of parts of seaweed extract; or consists of 2 to 10 weight portions of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and 1 to 5 weight portions of humic acid; or consists of 2 to 10 weight portions of methylcellulose and 1 to 5 weight portions of palygorskite; or consists of 2 to 10 weight portions of hydroxypropyl starch ether and 1 to 5 weight portions of adenosine; or consists of 2 to 10 weight portions of diethylene glycol butyl acetate and 1 to 5 weight portions of catalase; or 2-10 parts by weight of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 1-5 parts by weight of proline; or 2-10 parts by weight of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 1-5 parts by weight of pullulan; or 2 to 10 weight portions of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and 1 to 5 weight portions of antifreeze agent; or consists of 2 to 10 weight parts of propylene glycol alginate protease and 1 to 5 weight parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate; or consists of 2 to 10 weight parts of sodium starch phosphate and 1 to 5 weight parts of compound sodium nitrophenolate; or consists of 2 to 10 weight parts of sodium alginate and 1 to 5 weight parts of methylene dinaphthalene sodium sulfonate; or 2-10 parts by weight of sodium polyacrylate and 1-5 parts by weight of sodium lignosulfonate; or consists of 2 to 10 weight portions of polyoxyethylene and 1 to 5 weight portions of monopotassium phosphate; or consists of 2 to 10 weight portions of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 1 to 5 weight portions of sodium alginate; or consists of 2 to 10 weight portions of polyethylene sorbitan and 1 to 5 weight portions of bentonite.
According to the invention, the novel microbial agent and the additive are compounded, so that the effects of improving the emergence rate and the survival rate of the soybeans are better, the yield per mu level of the soybeans is further improved, the utilization rate of a nitrogen fertilizer can be further improved, and the growth of soybean seedlings is promoted.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide a soybean planting method, wherein the novel microbial agent is used for soaking the soybeans and spraying the novel microbial agent on the roots of the soybeans.
The fourth object of the present invention is a soybean planting method, wherein the soybean is soaked with the additive composition as described above, and the soybean is sprayed on the roots of the soybean.
As a preferred embodiment of the method for planting soybeans according to the present invention, the method comprises the steps of:
s1, preparation before sowing: selecting varieties, applying chemical fertilizer, deeply loosening soil by 20-30 cm to break a plough bottom layer, covering soil on the plough bottom layer, and finally harrowing or compacting;
s2, seed soaking: soaking the soybeans by using the additive composition, standing overnight, and sowing the soybeans on the next day;
s3, sowing: the soybean is sowed by adopting a 'three-ridge' cultivation technology, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, the ridge width is 65 cm, three rows are sowed on the ridge, the total width of three rows of seedling belts is 22-24 cm, the row spacing is 11-12 cm, the plant spacing of side rows is 9-11 cm, the plant spacing of middle rows is 10-12 cm, 3-3.5 ten thousand plants per mu are sowed, and then double-strip fertilization is carried out on the ridge;
s4, field management: spraying root to soybean seedling with the microbial preparation and well water, weeding, topdressing, irrigating, spraying insecticide, and harvesting to obtain soybean.
The planting method of the invention adopts operations such as seed soaking, root spraying and the like, can avoid using chemical medicine coating and the problems caused by using the chemical medicine coating,
the planting method can solve the problem of susceptibility of the soybeans to harmful bacteria, and by combining the novel microbial agent, the emergence rate and the survival rate of the soybeans are better improved, the per mu yield of the soybeans is further improved, the dependence on chemical fertilizers is reduced, the abiotic stress tolerance is improved, and the damage of underground pests such as mole crickets, cutworms and the like is prevented and controlled; can also better improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of soybean and improve the calcium content and iron content in the soybean.
In a preferred embodiment of the soybean planting method of the present invention, the mass ratio of the novel microbial agent of step S4 to well water is 1: 10.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a novel microbial agent and a soybean planting method, which are matched with each other, so that the emergence rate of soybeans can be improved, the survival rate of emergence can be improved, the growth of seedlings can be improved, and the accumulation of organic matters can be promoted; can also prevent and control underground pests such as mole cricket, cutworm and the like, and improve the disease resistance of the soybean to harmful bacteria.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples.
The various microorganisms in the invention can be purchased in the market or can be obtained from China general microbiological culture Collection center or NTCC type culture Collection center, and the preparation method of the various microorganism culture solutions adopts corresponding standard culture media and culture solutions according to the conventional culture method.
Example 1 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
A novel microbial agent is prepared from the following strains in parts by weight:
55 parts of hydrogenobacterium, 55 parts of hydrogenphagocytospora, 35 parts of azospirillum and 35 parts of azotobacter.
An additive composition is prepared from the novel microbial agent in example 1 and normal-temperature rice water in a mass ratio of 1:1 configuration.
Example 2 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight:
60 parts of hydrogenobacterium, 60 parts of hydrogenphagocytospora, 40 parts of azospirillum and 40 parts of azotobacter.
An additive composition is prepared from the novel microbial agent in example 2 and normal-temperature rice water in a mass ratio of 1:1 configuration.
Example 3 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight:
55 parts of flavobacterium, 35 parts of azospirillum and 35 parts of azotobacter.
An additive composition is prepared from the novel microbial agent in example 3 and normal-temperature rice water in a mass ratio of 1:1 configuration.
Example 4 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight:
20 parts of flavobacterium, 10 parts of azospirillum and 10 parts of azotobacter.
An additive composition is prepared from the novel microbial agent in example 4 and normal-temperature rice water in a mass ratio of 1:1 configuration.
Example 5 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight:
55 parts of corynebacterium, 55 parts of paracoccus, 35 parts of azospirillum and 35 parts of azotobacter.
An additive composition is prepared from the novel microbial agent in example 5 and normal-temperature rice water in a mass ratio of 1:1 configuration.
Example 6 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight:
55 parts of Chromobacterium, 55 parts of Achromobacter, 35 parts of Azospirillum and 35 parts of Azotobacter.
An additive composition is prepared from the novel microbial agent in example 6 and normal-temperature rice water in a mass ratio of 1:1 configuration.
Example 7 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight:
55 parts of acidithiobacillus, 55 parts of acidovorax, 35 parts of azospirillum and 35 parts of azotobacter.
An additive composition is prepared from the novel microbial agent in example 7 and normal-temperature rice water in a mass ratio of 1:1 configuration.
Example 8 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight:
55 parts of corynebacterium, 55 parts of paracoccus, 35 parts of azospirillum and 35 parts of azotobacter.
An additive composition is prepared from the novel microbial agent in example 8 and normal-temperature rice water in a mass ratio of 1:1 configuration.
Example 9 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight:
55 parts of Chromobacterium, 55 parts of Achromobacter, 35 parts of Azospirillum and 35 parts of Azotobacter.
An additive composition is prepared from the novel microbial agent in example 9 and the noodle soup in a mass ratio of 1:1 configuration.
Example 10 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight:
55 parts of acidithiobacillus, 55 parts of acidovorax, 35 parts of azospirillum and 35 parts of azotobacter.
An additive composition comprising the novel microbial agent of example 10, 8 parts by weight of gamma-polyglutamic acid, and 4 parts by weight of chitosan oligosaccharide.
Example 11 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight:
55 parts of Alcaligenes, 55 parts of Arthrobacter, 35 parts of Azospirillum and 35 parts of Azotobacter.
An additive composition comprising the novel microbial agent of example 11, 8 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol and 4 parts by weight of seaweed extract.
Example 12 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight:
55 parts of bacillus, 55 parts of cuprious, 35 parts of azospirillum and 35 parts of azotobacter.
An additive composition comprising the novel microbial preparation of example 12, 8 parts by weight of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and 4 parts by weight of humic acid.
Example 13 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight:
55 parts of Dexburgh, 55 parts of whelk, 35 parts of azospirillum and 35 parts of azospirillum.
An additive composition comprising the novel microbial agent of example 13, 8 parts by weight of methylcellulose and 4 parts by weight of palygorskite.
Example 14 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight:
55 parts of hydrogenobacterium, 55 parts of hydrogenphagocytospora, 35 parts of azospirillum and 35 parts of azotobacter.
An additive composition comprising the novel microbial agent of example 14, 8 parts by weight of hydroxypropyl starch ether and 4 parts by weight of adenylic acid.
Example 15 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight:
55 parts of pseudomonas, 55 parts of pseudonocardia, 35 parts of azospirillum and 35 parts of azotobacter.
An additive composition comprising the novel microbial preparation of example 15, 8 parts by weight of diethylene glycol butyl acetate and 4 parts by weight of catalase.
Example 16 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight:
55 parts of rhizobium, 55 parts of rhodococcus, 35 parts of azospirillum and 35 parts of azotobacter.
An additive composition comprising the novel microbial preparation of example 16, 8 parts by weight of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 4 parts by weight of proline.
Example 17 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight:
55 parts of rhodopseudomonas, 55 parts of rhodospirillum, 35 parts of azospirillum and 35 parts of azospirillum.
An additive composition comprising the novel microbial preparation of example 17, 8 parts by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate, and 4 parts by weight of pullulan.
Example 18 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight:
55 parts of genus thiobacillus, 55 parts of genus flavobacterium, 35 parts of genus azaspira and 35 parts of genus azotobacter.
An additive composition consisting of the novel microbial agent of example 18, 8 parts by weight of sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate and 4 parts by weight of an antifreeze agent.
Example 19 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight:
55 parts of flavobacterium, 55 parts of Wott bacterium, 35 parts of azospirillum and 35 parts of azotobacter.
An additive composition comprising the novel microbial agent of example 19, 8 parts by weight of propylene glycol alginate protease ester and 4 parts by weight of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate.
Example 20 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight:
55 parts of flavobacterium, 35 parts of azospirillum and 35 parts of azotobacter.
An additive composition, which consists of the novel microbial agent in example 20, 8 parts by weight of sodium starch phosphate and 4 parts by weight of sodium nitrophenolate.
Example 21 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight:
55 parts of rhodococcus, 55 parts of rhodospirillum, 35 parts of azospirillum and 35 parts of azospirillum.
An additive composition comprising the novel microbial agent of example 21, 8 parts by weight of sodium alginate, and 4 parts by weight of sodium methylenedinaphthalenesulfonate.
Example 22 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight:
55 parts of pseudomonas, 55 parts of rhodopseudomonas, 35 parts of azospirillum and 35 parts of azotobacter.
An additive composition consisting of the novel microbial agent of example 22, 8 parts by weight of sodium polyacrylate and 4 parts by weight of sodium lignosulfonate.
Example 23 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight:
55 parts of acidovorax, 55 parts of alcaligenes, 35 parts of azospirillum and 35 parts of azotobacter.
An additive composition comprising the novel microbial preparation of example 23, 8 parts by weight of polyoxyethylene and 4 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Example 24 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight:
55 parts of cupriosis, 55 parts of paracoccus, 35 parts of azospirillum and 35 parts of azotobacter.
An additive composition comprising the novel microbial agent of example 24, 8 parts by weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 4 parts by weight of sodium alginate.
Example 25 novel microbial Agents and additive compositions of the invention
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight:
55 parts of hydrophagocytophaga, 55 parts of cupriopsis, 35 parts of azospirillum and 35 parts of azotobacter.
An additive composition comprising the novel microbial preparation of example 25, 8 parts by weight of polyvinyl sorbitan, and 4 parts by weight of bentonite.
Example 26A method for planting soybeans
A soybean planting method comprises the following steps:
preparation before broadcast
1. Variety selection: selecting naked soybean seeds without medicine coating, wherein the soybean seeds are over 10 days in the frost-free period and are lower than the local effective accumulated temperature by over 200 ℃;
2. fertilizer: the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is adjusted, phosphorus and potassium are supplemented properly, and a nitrogen fertilizer is not used or is applied less;
3. applying farmyard manure: using two cubic meters of decomposed farmyard manure per mu of land in combination with land preparation;
3. land preparation: after autumn harvest, soil is deeply loosened by 20-30 cm to break the plough bottom layer, the plough bottom layer is covered with soil by a machine, and finally harrowing or compacting is carried out for 2 times. In severe arid plots, a sowing method of inter-row film covering is adopted, and continuous operation is performed to prevent soil moisture loss.
Secondly, sowing
1. Sun-drying seeds: sunning seeds before sowing, and sunning seeds for 2-3 days in sunny days, so that seedling emergence can be promoted, and the germination rate can be improved;
2. seed soaking: the additive compositions prepared in examples 1-25 were soaked in soybeans overnight and sown the next day;
3. seeding
Mechanical precision seeding: sowing is carried out 5 days in 5 months to 15 days in 5 months, soybean is sowed by adopting a three-ridge technology, the ridge width is 65 cm, three rows are sowed on the ridge, the row spacing is 11-12 cm, about 3-3.5 ten thousand plants are sowed per mu, about 7.5 jin of seeds are sowed per mu, about 20 kg of base fertilizer is sowed in time, and water is replenished.
Three, field management
1. Root spraying: before spring drought is expected, the novel microbial agent prepared in the embodiment 1-25 is mixed with well water according to the proportion of 1:10 to spray roots of soybean seedlings, so that the root development is promoted, and the adverse effect of drought can be reduced;
2. weeding: after the soybean is sowed, before seedling emergence, the herbicide is sprayed on the ground surface, so that the weeds can be removed. In the growth period of soybean, quizalofop-p-ethyl is used for spraying treatment, so that weeds can be removed;
3. topdressing: topdressing compound fertilizer in the period of parallel vegetative growth and reproductive growth, especially the drill seeding before flowering or in the initial flowering period is most obvious, mechanical drill seeding or artificial hole seeding is used in the field, and mixed solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium molybdate or a small amount of urea is used for foliage spraying;
4. irrigation: the soybean flowering period and the pod bearing period of the soybeans are supplemented with irrigation water, the water is not suitable for being too much to prevent excessive growth, and the pod bearing and grain expanding period ensures that the soil is slightly wet in water to prevent yield reduction.
5. Spraying the pesticide: during the pod period, the leaves of the soybean are bright green and are easy to be attacked by pests, and a bisultap spray is used. Attention is paid to the prevention and treatment of soybean cyst nematode disease, root rot and root latent flies.
Fourthly, harvesting
The soybeans enter a harvesting period after leaves fall in the last ten days of September, and are harvested by a machine. Timely threshing is carried out after harvesting, and the continuous harm of soybean pod borers is reduced.
Experimental example, Soybean planting test
1. The novel microbial agents prepared in examples 1 to 4, the planting method (example 26) and a general control group (without using the novel microbial agent) were used for planting experiments, the test field was Za\361699, the Teqi farmland was applied with the microbial agent in each test field, the other conditions were the same, the soybean germination rate and post-germination diseases and insect pests were counted, the experiments were counted for 5 times, the results were averaged, and the results were as follows:
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
Through t-test analysis, compared with a control group, the germination rates of the examples 1-4 are obviously improved, the occurrence rate of root rot is obviously reduced, the occurrence rate of mole cricket is obviously reduced, and the occurrence rate of cutworms is obviously reduced. The novel microbial agent and the soybean planting method provided by the invention can promote soybean germination and reduce the incidence rate of soybean diseases.
2. The tested soybean variety is black river No. 27, the soybean seeds are produced in the same batch, and the produced soybean seeds are randomly divided into a control group I, a control group II, an example 5 and an example 6, wherein each group contains 100 grains; the test is carried out in Za\361699. Teqi county city in 2020, the soil of the test field is loess, and the soil fertility of each group of land is similar; wherein, the groups of the example 5 and the example 6 reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer, and the control group applies nitrogen fertilizer according to the conventional method, and the application amount is the same. In addition, all the other management modes of each group are the same, during the test period, the emergence rate and the emergence survival rate of the soybeans after sowing are counted, after the test is finished, the acre yield, the dry weight of the root systems of the soybeans and the nitrogen-fixing bacteria content in soil of each group of the soybeans are counted for 5 times, the results are averaged, and the results are as follows:
TABLE 3
Through t-test analysis, compared with a control group I, the emergence rate of the group in the embodiment 5 is obviously improved, the survival rate is obviously improved, the yield per mu is obviously improved, the dry weight of the root system of the soybean is obviously improved, and the content of azotobacter in soil is obviously improved. Meanwhile, compared with a control group II, the emergence rate of the group in the embodiment 6 is obviously improved, the survival rate is obviously improved, the yield per mu is obviously improved, the dry weight of the root system of the soybean is obviously improved, and the content of azotobacter in soil is obviously improved. The microbial agent and the black river 27 planting method for reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer are shown to be capable of promoting the germination and survival of the soybean black river 27, improving the acre yield of the black river 27, improving the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer and increasing the number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soil.
3. The novel microbial agent prepared in example 7 of the present invention, the planting method (example 26) and a general control group (without using the microbial agent) were used to perform a planting experiment, the test field was za\361699, a Teqi field was used with the microbial agent in each test field under the same conditions, the calcium content of the dry soybeans and the iron content of the dry soybeans were counted, the experiment was counted 5 times, the results were averaged, and the results were as follows:
TABLE 4
| Group of | Calcium content of dried Soybean (Modou No. 1) | Iron content of dried Soybean (Modou No. 1) |
| Control group | 308.5mg/100g | 4.2mg/100g |
| Example 7 | 388.5mg/100g** | 12.6** |
T-test analysis revealed that the calcium content and iron content of the dried soybeans in example 7 were significantly increased compared to the control group. The microbial agent and the Xinjiang Mo bean No. 1 planting method are shown to be capable of promoting the increase of the calcium accumulation of the dry soybeans and the increase of the iron accumulation of the dry soybeans.
4. The novel microbial agents, planting methods (example 26) and general control group I, II (without microbial agents) prepared in examples 8 and 9 of the present invention were used for planting experiments, the test fields were Za\361699, the Teqi fields were each field used with microbial agents under the same conditions, the kg/mu yield, input/output, downy mildew incidence (%) and gray spot incidence (%) were counted for 5 times, and the results were averaged as follows:
TABLE 5
Through t-test analysis, compared with the control group I, the yield per mu and the input/output ratio of the soybeans in the group of the example 8 are higher, and the incidence rate of downy mildew and the incidence rate of gray spot are lower; the soybean yield per mu, the input/output ratio were higher, and the incidence of downy mildew and the incidence of gray spot were smaller in the example 9 group than in the control group II. The novel microbial agent can obviously improve the yield per mu, obviously improve and obviously reduce the occurrence rate of downy mildew and gray spot.
4. The new microbial agents prepared in examples 10 to 25 of the present invention, the planting method (example 26) and the general control groups 1 to 16 (without using the microbial agents) were used for the planting experiments, the test field was za\361699, the Teqi field was used with the microbial agents for each test field under the same conditions, the yield per mu (kg), input/output were counted, the experiments were counted 5 times, the results were averaged, and the results were as follows:
TABLE 5
The novel microbial inoculant groups prepared in examples 10-25 were used at higher yields per mu and input/output ratios of soybeans as compared to the control groups 1-16, as analyzed by t-test.
According to the experiment, the novel microbial agent and the soybean planting mode are matched with each other, so that the emergence rate of soybeans can be increased, the survival rate of emergence is increased, the growth of seedlings is improved, and the accumulation of organic matters is promoted; can also prevent and control underground pests such as mole cricket, cutworm and the like, and improve the disease resistance of the soybean to harmful bacteria.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A novel microbial inoculant, comprising the following species:
1) one or more of Corynebacterium, Paracoccus, Chromobacterium, Achromobacter, Acidithiobacillus, Acidovorax, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Cupriavium, Dekkera, Oenospira, Hygrobacter, Hydrophaga, Pseudomonas, Pseudonocardia, Rhizobium, Rhodococcus, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Gluconobacter, Flavobacterium, Watertilla;
2) azospirillum and azotobacter.
2. The novel microbial inoculant according to claim 1, comprising the following bacterial species in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of corynebacterium, 20-60 parts of paracoccus, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azospirillum; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of chromobacterium, 20-60 parts of achromobacter, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azospirillum; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of acidithiobacillus, 20-60 parts of acidovorax, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azotobacter; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of Alcaligenes, 20-60 parts of Arthrobacter, 10-40 parts of Azospirillum and 10-40 parts of Azospirillum; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of bacillus, 20-60 parts of cupriasis, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azospirillum; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of Dexburgh, 20-60 parts of whelk, 10-40 parts of Azospirillum and 10-40 parts of Azospirillum; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of hydrogenobacterium, 20-60 parts of hydrogenphagocytospora, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azotobacter; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of pseudomonas, 20-60 parts of pseudonocardia, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azotobacter; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of rhizobium, 20-60 parts of rhodococcus, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azotobacter; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of rhodopseudomonas, 20-60 parts of rhodospirillum, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azospirillum; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of genus Fomitopsis, 20-60 parts of genus xanthobacter, 10-40 parts of genus Azospirillum and 10-40 parts of genus Azospirillum; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of flavobacterium, 20-60 parts of Wott bacterium, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azotobacter; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of flavobacterium, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azotobacter; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of rhodococcus, 20-60 parts of rhodospirillum, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azospirillum; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of pseudomonas, 20-60 parts of rhodopseudomonas, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azospirillum; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of acidovorax, 20-60 parts of alcaligenes, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azotobacter; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of cupriosis, 20-60 parts of paracoccus, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azospirillum; or
The novel microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of hydrophagocys, 20-60 parts of cupriosis, 10-40 parts of azospirillum and 10-40 parts of azotobacter.
3. An additive composition comprising the novel microbial inoculant of claim 1 or 2.
4. The additive composition of claim 3 further comprising an additive, the additive is one or more of rice soup, flour soup, gamma-polyglutamic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyvinyl alcohol, seaweed extract, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, humic acid, methyl cellulose, palygorskite, hydroxypropyl starch ether, adenosine acid, diethylene glycol butyl acetate, catalase, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, proline, sodium dodecyl sulfate, pullulan, sodium dioctyl succinate, an antifreeze, propylene glycol alginate, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, sodium starch phosphate, sodium nitrophenolate, sodium alginate, sodium methylene dinaphthalene sulfonate, sodium polyacrylate, sodium lignosulfonate, polyoxyethylene, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium alginate, polyvinyl sorbitan and bentonite.
5. The additive composition of claim 4 wherein the additive is rice soup; or a noodle soup; or a combination of gamma-polyglutamic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide; or a combination of polyvinyl alcohol, seaweed extract; or a combination of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, humic acid; or a combination of methylcellulose, palygorskite; or a combination of hydroxypropyl starch ether, adenylic acid; or a combination of diethylene glycol butyl acetate and catalase; or a combination of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, proline; or a combination of sodium lauryl sulfate, pullulan; or a combination of sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate and an antifreeze agent; or a combination of propylene glycol alginate, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate; or a combination of sodium starch phosphate and sodium nitrophenolate; or sodium alginate and sodium methylene dinaphthalenesulfonate; or a combination of sodium polyacrylate and sodium lignosulfonate; or a combination of polyoxyethylene, potassium dihydrogen phosphate; or a combination of polyvinylpyrrolidone and sodium alginate; or a combination of polyethylene sorbitan and bentonite.
6. A soybean planting method characterized by soaking soybeans with the novel microbial inoculant according to claim 1 or 2 and spraying the roots of the soybeans.
7. A soybean planting method characterized by soaking soybeans with the additive composition according to claim 4 or 5 and spraying the roots of the soybeans.
8. The soybean planting method of claim 7, comprising the steps of:
s1, preparation before sowing: selecting varieties, applying chemical fertilizer, deeply loosening soil by 20-30 cm to break a plough bottom layer, covering soil on the plough bottom layer, and finally harrowing or compacting;
s2, seed soaking: soaking soybeans with the additive composition of claim 4 or claim 5, overnight, sowing the next day;
s3, sowing: the soybean is sowed by adopting a 'three-ridge' cultivation technology, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, the ridge width is 65 cm, three rows are sowed on the ridge, the total width of three rows of seedling belts is 22-24 cm, the row spacing is 11-12 cm, the plant spacing of side rows is 9-11 cm, the plant spacing of middle rows is 10-12 cm, 3-3.5 ten thousand plants per mu are sowed, and then double-strip fertilization is carried out on the ridge;
s4, field management: spraying root on soybean seedling with the novel microbial agent of claim 1 or 2 in well water, weeding, topdressing, irrigating, spraying insecticide, and harvesting to obtain soybean.
9. The soybean planting method according to claim 8, wherein the mass ratio of the novel microbial agent of step S4 to the well water is 1: 10.
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