CN112939699A - Compound fermented fertilizer for navel oranges and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Compound fermented fertilizer for navel oranges and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112939699A
CN112939699A CN202110358734.7A CN202110358734A CN112939699A CN 112939699 A CN112939699 A CN 112939699A CN 202110358734 A CN202110358734 A CN 202110358734A CN 112939699 A CN112939699 A CN 112939699A
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parts
navel oranges
fertilizer
manure
microbial inoculum
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Inventor
刘益仁
吕真真
蓝贤瑾
侯红乾
冀建华
刘秀梅
王福全
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Institute of Soil Fertilizer Resources and Environment of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Institute of Soil Fertilizer Resources and Environment of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80Soil conditioners
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05CNITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C5/00Fertilisers containing other nitrates
    • C05C5/02Fertilisers containing other nitrates containing sodium or potassium nitrate
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C05G5/12Granules or flakes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a compound fermentation fertilizer for navel oranges and a preparation method thereof, wherein the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-6 parts of a composite microbial agent, 12-18 parts of plant ash, 3-6 parts of calcium nitrate, 3-6 parts of potassium nitrate, 10-15 parts of humic acid, 6-13 parts of vinasse carbon, 9-14 parts of urea, 15-21 parts of fruit residues, 3-5 parts of shell powder and 25-33 parts of livestock manure, wherein the composite microbial agent is prepared from rhizopus nigricans, trichoderma viride, saccharomycetes and clostridium pasteurianum according to a ratio of 1: (2-3): (1-2) mixing the components in a mass ratio; the fertilizer is obtained by mixing and fermenting the raw materials. The compound fermented fertilizer provided by the invention can meet the growth requirement of navel oranges, further improves the yield and quality of the navel oranges, and has the advantages of low price, simple preparation and wide application prospect.

Description

Compound fermented fertilizer for navel oranges and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a compound fermented fertilizer for navel oranges and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The navel orange is sweet in taste and rich in nutrition, is deeply favored by people, is one of main fruits planted in the Gannan region, has annual yield reaching million tons, and directly influences the economy of the Gannan region. When planting navel orange, fertilizer is an indispensable ring, and the effect of fertilizer directly influences the output and the quality of navel orange, but is less to the research of the special fertilizer of navel orange at present, and most fruit growers all adopt animal waste or buy the ordinary fertilizer on the market and apply, and these fertilizers can't satisfy the growth demand of navel orange, have influenced the output and the quality of navel orange, still can cause the soil hardening scheduling problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a compound fermentation fertilizer for navel oranges, which is realized by the following technical scheme:
a compound fermentation fertilizer for navel oranges comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-6 parts of a composite microbial inoculum, 12-18 parts of plant ash, 3-6 parts of calcium nitrate, 3-6 parts of potassium nitrate, 10-15 parts of humic acid, 6-13 parts of vinasse carbon, 9-14 parts of urea, 15-21 parts of fruit residues, 3-5 parts of shell powder and 25-33 parts of livestock manure; the composite microbial inoculum is obtained by mixing rhizopus nigricans, trichoderma viride, saccharomycetes and clostridium pasteurianum according to the mass ratio of 1:1 (2-3) to (1-2).
The inventor unexpectedly finds that the purpose of further improving the yield and quality of navel oranges can be achieved by adopting the raw materials of the invention and adding the specific compound microbial inoculum, meanwhile, the production cost of the fertilizer is reduced by taking the cheap materials such as plant ash, livestock manure and fruit residues as main raw materials, and the vinasse is loose and porous and has large specific surface area, so that the nutrient loss can be reduced.
As a more preferred embodiment, the raw materials of the compound fermented fertilizer for navel oranges comprise the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 13-15 parts of plant ash, 3-5 parts of calcium nitrate, 4-6 parts of potassium nitrate, 13-15 parts of humic acid, 8-12 parts of vinasse carbon, 9-12 parts of urea, 16-18 parts of fruit residues, 3-4 parts of shell powder and 28-32 parts of livestock manure.
As a more preferred embodiment, the raw materials of the compound fermented fertilizer for navel oranges comprise the following components in parts by weight: 3-4 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 14-15 parts of plant ash, 4-5 parts of calcium nitrate, 4-5 parts of potassium nitrate, 13-14 parts of humic acid, 9-10 parts of vinasse carbon, 10-12 parts of urea, 17-18 parts of fruit residues, 3-4 parts of shell powder and 29-32 parts of livestock manure.
In a more preferred embodiment, the pomace includes at least one of navel orange pomace, pear pomace, and Nanfeng mandarin orange pomace. Navel orange residues, pear residues and Nanfeng tangerine residues are all available in and near navel orange planting areas, and are very convenient.
As a more preferred embodiment, the livestock manure comprises at least one of cow manure, pig manure, sheep manure, and chicken manure.
The invention also provides a preparation method for preparing the fertilizer, which is realized by the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the compound fermented fertilizer for navel oranges comprises the following steps:
crushing the fruit residues, uniformly mixing the crushed fruit residues with livestock and poultry manure, plant ash, humic acid, urea, shell powder and a composite microbial inoculum, and fermenting for 3-4 days at the temperature of 30-40 ℃;
and step two, adding calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate and vinasse charcoal, uniformly mixing, and granulating to obtain the compound fermented fertilizer for navel oranges.
In a more preferable embodiment, the particle size of the compound fermented fertilizer for navel oranges is 1.5-3 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the compound fermented fertilizer provided by the invention can meet the growth requirement of navel oranges, further improves the yield and quality of the navel oranges, and has the advantages of low price, simple preparation and wide application prospect.
Detailed Description
The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following embodiments to fully understand the objects, aspects and effects of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1:
a compound fermentation fertilizer for navel oranges comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: the composite microbial inoculum comprises, by mass, 4 parts of a composite microbial inoculum, 14 parts of plant ash, 5 parts of calcium nitrate, 4 parts of potassium nitrate, 13 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of vinasse carbon, 10 parts of urea, 17 parts of fruit residues, 3 parts of shell powder and 30 parts of livestock manure, wherein the composite microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing rhizopus nigricans, trichoderma viride, saccharomycetes and clostridium pasteurianum according to a mass ratio of 1:1:2:2, the fruit residues are prepared by mixing navel orange residues, pear residues and Nanfeng tangerine residues, and the livestock manure is prepared by mixing pig manure and cow manure.
The preparation method of the fertilizer comprises the following steps:
crushing the fruit residues, uniformly mixing the crushed fruit residues with livestock and poultry manure, plant ash, humic acid, urea, shell powder and a composite microbial inoculum, and fermenting for 4 days at the temperature of 32 ℃;
and step two, adding calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate and vinasse charcoal, uniformly mixing, adding into a granulator, and granulating to obtain the compound fermented fertilizer with the particle size of 1.5mm for navel oranges.
Example 2:
a compound fermentation fertilizer for navel oranges comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 13 parts of plant ash, 3 parts of calcium nitrate, 6 parts of potassium nitrate, 15 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of vinasse carbon, 9 parts of urea, 16 parts of fruit residues, 4 parts of shell powder and 28 parts of livestock manure, wherein the composite microbial inoculum is obtained by mixing rhizopus nigricans, trichoderma viride, saccharomycetes and clostridium pasteurianum according to the mass ratio of 1:1:3:1, the fruit residues are obtained by mixing navel orange residues and Nanfeng mandarin orange residues, and the livestock manure is obtained by mixing pig manure, cow manure and chicken manure.
The preparation method of the fertilizer comprises the following steps:
crushing the fruit residues, uniformly mixing the crushed fruit residues with livestock and poultry manure, plant ash, humic acid, urea, shell powder and a composite microbial inoculum, and fermenting for 3.5 days at 34 ℃;
and step two, adding calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate and vinasse charcoal, uniformly mixing, adding into a granulator, and granulating to obtain the compound fermented fertilizer with the particle size of 1.5mm for navel oranges.
Example 3:
a compound fermentation fertilizer for navel oranges comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-6 parts of a composite microbial agent, 16 parts of plant ash, 3 parts of calcium nitrate, 3 parts of potassium nitrate, 11 parts of humic acid, 13 parts of vinasse carbon, 12 parts of urea, 20 parts of fruit residues, 5 parts of shell powder and 33 parts of livestock manure, wherein the composite microbial agent is obtained by mixing rhizopus nigricans, trichoderma viride, saccharomycetes and clostridium pasteurianum according to a mass ratio of 1:1:2:1, the fruit residues are obtained by mixing navel orange residues and pear residues, and the livestock manure is obtained by mixing sheep manure, cow manure and chicken manure.
The preparation method of the fertilizer comprises the following steps:
crushing the fruit residues, uniformly mixing the crushed fruit residues with livestock and poultry manure, plant ash, humic acid, urea, shell powder and a composite microbial inoculum, and fermenting for 3 days at 36 ℃;
and step two, adding calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate and vinasse charcoal, uniformly mixing, adding into a granulator, and granulating to obtain the compound fermented fertilizer with the particle size of 1.5mm for navel oranges.
Comparative example 1:
a compound fermentation fertilizer for navel oranges comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: the composite microbial inoculum comprises, by mass, 4 parts of a composite microbial inoculum, 14 parts of plant ash, 5 parts of calcium nitrate, 4 parts of potassium nitrate, 13 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of vinasse carbon, 10 parts of urea, 17 parts of fruit residues, 3 parts of shell powder and 30 parts of livestock manure, wherein the composite microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and clostridium pasteurianum according to a mass ratio of 1:3:2, the fruit residues are prepared by mixing navel orange residues, pear residues and Nanfeng tangerine residues, and the livestock manure is prepared by mixing pig manure and cow manure.
The preparation method of the fertilizer comprises the following steps:
crushing the fruit residues, uniformly mixing the crushed fruit residues with livestock and poultry manure, plant ash, humic acid, urea, shell powder and a composite microbial inoculum, and fermenting for 4 days at the temperature of 32 ℃;
and step two, adding calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate and vinasse charcoal, uniformly mixing, adding into a granulator, and granulating to obtain the compound fermented fertilizer with the particle size of 1.5mm for navel oranges.
Comparative example 2:
a compound fermentation fertilizer for navel oranges comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: the composite microbial inoculum comprises, by mass, 4 parts of a composite microbial inoculum, 14 parts of plant ash, 5 parts of calcium nitrate, 4 parts of potassium nitrate, 13 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of vinasse carbon, 10 parts of urea, 17 parts of fruit residues, 3 parts of shell powder and 30 parts of livestock manure, wherein the composite microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing rhizopus nigricans, trichoderma viride and bacillus according to a mass ratio of 1:1:2, the fruit residues are prepared by mixing navel orange residues, pear residues and Nanfeng mandarin orange residues, and the livestock manure is prepared by mixing pig manure and cow manure.
The preparation method of the fertilizer comprises the following steps:
crushing the fruit residues, uniformly mixing the crushed fruit residues with livestock and poultry manure, plant ash, humic acid, urea, shell powder and a composite microbial inoculum, and fermenting for 4 days at the temperature of 32 ℃;
and step two, adding calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate and vinasse charcoal, uniformly mixing, adding into a granulator, and granulating to obtain the compound fermented fertilizer with the particle size of 1.5mm for navel oranges.
Comparative example 3:
a compound fermentation fertilizer for navel oranges comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 14 parts of plant ash, 5 parts of calcium nitrate, 4 parts of potassium nitrate, 12 parts of urea and 55 parts of livestock manure, wherein the composite microbial inoculum is obtained by mixing rhizopus nigricans, trichoderma viride, saccharomycetes and clostridium pasteurianum according to the mass ratio of 1:1:3:2, and the livestock manure is obtained by mixing pig manure and cow manure.
The preparation method of the fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step one, mixing the livestock and poultry manure, plant ash, urea and the composite microbial inoculum uniformly, and fermenting for 4 days at the temperature of 32 ℃;
and step two, adding calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate, uniformly mixing, adding into a granulator, and granulating to obtain the compound fermented fertilizer for navel oranges with the particle size of 1.5 mm.
Comparative example 4:
the special fertilizer for navel oranges disclosed in patent application publication No. CN104086298A is used as a representative of fertilizers in the prior art, and the formula in the embodiment 2 is specifically used, namely 12 parts of calcium superphosphate, 6 parts of urea, 17 parts of ammonium sulfate, 3 parts of diatomite, 2 parts of sodium selenite, 18 parts of potassium chloride, 13 parts of borax and 1 part of potassium sulfate. The preparation was carried out according to the method described in this application.
Effect verification experiment:
selecting a common fertilizer consisting of 55% of pig manure, 20% of compound fertilizer and 25% of urea as a control group, uniformly dividing 16 mu of planting land into 8 groups in the same plantation in the Gannan region, wherein each group comprises 2 mu of land, planting the same variety of navel oranges, 8 groups of fertilizers prepared in examples 1-3, comparative examples 1-4 and the control group are respectively used, the experimental object is an adult navel orange tree, the fertilizer usage amounts of the examples 1-3, the comparative examples 1-4 and the control group are 50 kg/mu, the annual output is counted, and the result is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003004625870000051
As can be seen from Table 1, the yield-promoting effect of the fertilizers provided in examples 1 to 3, namely the invention, on navel oranges is greatly improved compared with comparative examples 1 to 4 and a control group. The comparative examples 1-2 are the same in all raw materials except for 1-2 different strains in the complex microbial inoculum, but have certain difference in yield promotion effect on navel oranges, which also shows that the compound microbial inoculum has better technical effect on the selective compounding of the complex microbial inoculum in the invention, while the comparative example 3 adopts the complex microbial inoculum which is the same as the complex microbial inoculum in the invention, but the main raw materials are adjusted and changed to a greater extent, and the effect of the complex microbial inoculum is also different from that of the complex microbial inoculum in the invention, which also shows that the effect of the complex microbial inoculum in the invention can be achieved when the complex microbial inoculum is not added into any fertilizer.
Taking 5 navel oranges in each mu, measuring the sugar-acid ratio, the vitamin C content and the soluble solid content, averaging the results, and finally obtaining the results shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0003004625870000052
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with comparative examples 1-4 and a control group, the sugar-acid ratio of the fruit of the fertilizer is remarkably improved, and the content of vitamin C and soluble solids is greatly increased, which shows that the navel orange using the fertilizer provided by the invention has better taste, is richer in nutrition and further improves the quality.
In addition, although the fertilizer of the comparative example 4 has a great promoting effect on the yield and quality indexes of navel oranges, the soil hardening phenomenon is observed in the planting field using the fertilizer of the comparative example 4, and the soil hardening phenomenon is further increased after the fertilizer is continuously used for 2 years, which indicates that the fertilizer of the comparative example 4 has a certain degree of damage on the soil.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the technical effects of the present invention can be achieved by the same means. The invention is capable of other modifications and variations in its technical solution and/or its implementation, within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. The compound fermented fertilizer for navel oranges is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-6 parts of a composite microbial inoculum, 12-18 parts of plant ash, 3-6 parts of calcium nitrate, 3-6 parts of potassium nitrate, 10-15 parts of humic acid, 6-13 parts of vinasse carbon, 9-14 parts of urea, 15-21 parts of fruit residues, 3-5 parts of shell powder and 25-33 parts of livestock manure; the composite microbial inoculum is obtained by mixing rhizopus nigricans, trichoderma viride, saccharomycetes and clostridium pasteurianum according to the mass ratio of 1:1 (2-3) to (1-2).
2. The compound fermented fertilizer for navel oranges according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials comprise, in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 13-15 parts of plant ash, 3-5 parts of calcium nitrate, 4-6 parts of potassium nitrate, 13-15 parts of humic acid, 8-12 parts of vinasse carbon, 9-12 parts of urea, 16-18 parts of fruit residues, 3-4 parts of shell powder and 28-32 parts of livestock manure.
3. The compound fermented fertilizer for navel oranges according to claim 2, wherein the raw materials comprise, in parts by weight: 3-4 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 14-15 parts of plant ash, 4-5 parts of calcium nitrate, 4-5 parts of potassium nitrate, 13-14 parts of humic acid, 9-10 parts of vinasse carbon, 10-12 parts of urea, 17-18 parts of fruit residues, 3-4 parts of shell powder and 29-32 parts of livestock manure.
4. The compound fermented fertilizer for navel oranges according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pomace comprises at least one of navel orange pomace, pear pomace and Nanfeng mandarin orange pomace.
5. The compound fermented fertilizer for navel oranges according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the livestock manure comprises at least one of cow manure, pig manure, sheep manure, and chicken manure.
6. A preparation method of the compound fermented fertilizer for navel oranges in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps:
crushing the fruit residues, uniformly mixing the crushed fruit residues with livestock and poultry manure, plant ash, humic acid, urea, shell powder and a composite microbial inoculum, and fermenting for 3-4 days at the temperature of 30-40 ℃;
and step two, adding calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate and vinasse charcoal, uniformly mixing, and granulating to obtain the compound fermented fertilizer for navel oranges.
7. The preparation method of claim 6, wherein the particle size of the compound fermented fertilizer for navel oranges is 1.5-3 mm.
CN202110358734.7A 2021-04-02 2021-04-02 Compound fermented fertilizer for navel oranges and preparation method thereof Pending CN112939699A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106316553A (en) * 2015-06-17 2017-01-11 李忠芳 Method for preparing organic fertilizer special for biomass carbon-based ecology safe fruit trees in Guidong region
CN106747835A (en) * 2017-02-17 2017-05-31 重庆市巴昌农业发展有限公司 A kind of navel orange fertilizer special for organic and preparation method thereof
CN107915553A (en) * 2017-11-21 2018-04-17 桂林市安琪玫瑰农业发展有限公司 A kind of navel orange biomass organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN108503473A (en) * 2018-07-04 2018-09-07 湖南泰谷生态工程有限公司 Special charcoal base compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of navel orange and the preparation method and application thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106316553A (en) * 2015-06-17 2017-01-11 李忠芳 Method for preparing organic fertilizer special for biomass carbon-based ecology safe fruit trees in Guidong region
CN106747835A (en) * 2017-02-17 2017-05-31 重庆市巴昌农业发展有限公司 A kind of navel orange fertilizer special for organic and preparation method thereof
CN107915553A (en) * 2017-11-21 2018-04-17 桂林市安琪玫瑰农业发展有限公司 A kind of navel orange biomass organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN108503473A (en) * 2018-07-04 2018-09-07 湖南泰谷生态工程有限公司 Special charcoal base compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of navel orange and the preparation method and application thereof

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