CN112930739A - Soil anaerobic disinfection method for preventing and controlling bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco - Google Patents
Soil anaerobic disinfection method for preventing and controlling bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M17/00—Apparatus for the destruction of vermin in soil or in foodstuffs
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an anaerobic soil disinfection method for preventing and controlling bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco. The method adopts the soil anaerobic disinfection technology, and the applied organic materials comprise the following raw materials: the tobacco is characterized by comprising rice bran, tobacco stems and rape seed meal, wherein the total carbon and the total nitrogen of the rice bran are 41.93 percent and 1.97 percent respectively, the total carbon and the total nitrogen of the tobacco stems are 38.11 percent and 1.23 percent respectively, the rape seed meal is 49.65 percent and 5.73 percent respectively, and the water content of all organic materials is 20 percent. The invention can effectively kill various pathogenic bacteria, improve and improve soil fertility and provide a good planting environment for flue-cured tobacco. The three organic materials of rice bran, tobacco stems and rape meal are used as agricultural byproducts, are easy to obtain and purchase and have low price; as a natural fertilizer, the fertilizer does not damage the natural environment, improves the water and fertilizer retention capacity of soil, inhibits and kills pathogenic bacteria such as ralstonia solanacearum and the like, creates a good rhizosphere microbial environment, and improves the yield and quality of crops. Meanwhile, the method has the advantages of convenient raw material source, simple operation, no pollution to soil environment and practical operability for popularization in tobacco growers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco, and relates to an anaerobic soil disinfection method for preventing and controlling bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco.
Background
The flue-cured tobacco bacterial wilt is a typical vascular bundle disease and is a highly destructive soil-borne disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. In recent years, the occurrence of bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco in southern production areas of China, particularly in tobacco areas of southeast China, is becoming more serious, the production quality of the flue-cured tobacco is reduced, and the development of local flue-cured tobacco economy is seriously influenced.
At present, for the prevention and treatment of the bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco at home and abroad, disease-resistant varieties, reasonable rotation, scientific fertilization, addition of microbial agents, spraying of medicaments and the like are mainly adopted. Although the methods reduce the occurrence of the bacterial wilt of the flue-cured tobacco to a certain extent, the methods also have certain disadvantages. The disease-resistant variety can be planted to obviously reduce the occurrence of flue-cured tobacco diseases, but the research and development of the disease-resistant variety have complex procedures, strong disease resistance but poor flue-cured tobacco quality and have great potential safety hazard; the tobacco diseases are reduced to a certain extent by crop rotation and stubble replacement, but the urgent pursuit of tobacco growers on economic benefits is difficult; chemical and pesticide application has quick response and effectively reduces the occurrence of flue-cured tobacco diseases, but the pesticide and fertilizer residue causes harm to plants, animals, human beings and the environment, and does not meet the current ecological development target; the microbial agent can comprehensively promote the growth of tobacco plants and the control of bacterial wilt, but the mode has slow effect and unstable effect, and is not suitable for the condition of serious soil deterioration. The soil anaerobic disinfection is a novel technology for efficiently and quickly killing fungi, bacteria, weeds, soil-borne viruses, underground pests, rodents and the like in soil and quickly repairing the soil, is environment-friendly and is beneficial to agricultural sustainable development. The method is widely applied to preventing and treating pepper phytophthora blight, banana wilt, cucumber soil-borne damping-off, tomato bacterial wilt and the like at present.
Based on the previous researches on prevention and control of flue-cured tobacco bacterial wilt and the researches on prevention and control of soil-borne diseases by a soil anaerobic disinfection method, the soil anaerobic disinfection method is applied to the prevention and control of flue-cured tobacco bacterial wilt, organic materials such as common and low-price agricultural byproducts rice bran, tobacco stems, rapeseed meal and the like are used as raw materials for anaerobic fermentation, and after closed flooding anaerobic fermentation, the soil quality is improved, so that the flue-cured tobacco bacterial wilt can be fundamentally and effectively prevented, and the soil is environment-friendly, pollution-free, residue-free, strong in specificity, high in activity, safe and free of side effects on non-target organisms, and has no side effects
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an anaerobic soil disinfection method for preventing and controlling flue-cured tobacco bacterial wilt. The method can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of flue-cured tobacco diseases and improve the yield and quality of the flue-cured tobacco.
The invention carries out plowing, organic material spreading, ridging, irrigation and film covering on the tobacco field, carries out anaerobic disinfection treatment on the soil, effectively improves the soil quality and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, and increases the yield and income of tobacco growers.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the soil anaerobic disinfection method for preventing and controlling flue-cured tobacco bacterial wilt comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a tobacco field with serious bacterial wilt, and deeply ploughing soil by using a rotary cultivator and drying the soil in the sun 5-7 times before spreading the materials;
2) 4500-10500 kg hm in one application-2Rice bran, 4500-10500 kg.hm-2750 kg.hm of cabo and rape meal-2As a base fertilizer, the total carbon and the total nitrogen of rice bran are respectively 41.93 percent and 1.97 percent, the total carbon and the total nitrogen of tobacco stems are respectively 38.11 percent and 1.23 percent, the rape seed meal is 49.65 percent and 5.73 percent, and the water content of all organic materials is 20 percent.
3) Uniformly mixing the scattered organic materials in a plough layer of soil, leveling, crushing and ridging after uniformly mixing, wherein the ridge height is 30 cm; ridging needs to be performed such that furrows are flat and straight, ridge bodies are full, and ridge surfaces are finely crushed;
4) after ridging, irrigating water to fully wet a soil layer of 20-30 cm, after ridging, irrigating water to one third of the height of the ridge (10cm), keeping for 5-7 days, when the water content of the soil reaches about 60%, hermetically covering the treated soil by using a primary plastic film with the thickness of not less than 0.4mm, digging and pressing film ditches on the periphery, flatly spreading the corners of the plastic film in the ditches, pressing tightly by using the soil to ensure that the air is not leaked, ensuring that the plastic film has no leakage point, and sealing for 4 weeks;
5) after anaerobic fermentation for 4 weeks, uncovering the film, airing for several days, and transplanting strong seedlings; before transplanting, pollutants such as mulching films and the like of tobacco fields need to be cleaned in time and transplanted in due time;
6) harvesting: according to the characteristics of growth vigor and maturity of tobacco leaves in the field, the tobacco leaves are harvested from bottom to top according to the positions, and the principle of 'more mature and more harvest, less mature and less harvest and less mature and no harvest' is mastered.
Preferably, the organic materials applied by the soil anaerobic disinfection method for preventing and controlling the bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco comprise the following components: 4500.0-10500 kg hm-2Rice bran, 4500-10500 kg.hm-2750 kg.hm of cabo and rape meal-2。
Preferably, the soil anaerobic disinfection method for preventing and controlling the bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco comprises the following raw materials: 4500kg hm rice bran-210500kg hm of tobacco stems-2750kg hm rape seed meal-2。
Preferably, the soil anaerobic disinfection method for preventing and controlling the bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco comprises the following raw materials: 7500kg hm rice bran-2Tobacco stem 7500kg hm-2750kg hm rape seed meal-2。
Preferably, the soil anaerobic disinfection method for preventing and controlling the bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco comprises the following raw materials: 10500kg hm of rice bran-24500kg hm of tobacco stems-2750kg hm rape seed meal-2。
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the soil anaerobic disinfection method is a soil disinfection method for inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, weeds and nematodes by violent change of soil environment and various mixtures generated in the fermentation process of organic materials under the anaerobic condition. According to the invention, organic materials such as rice bran, tobacco stems, rape meal and the like are added into tobacco field soil by utilizing an anaerobic soil disinfection method, and the rice bran has loose texture, good air permeability and strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, contains a large amount of organic matters and nutrient elements, and can obviously improve the soil fertility; contains rich organic matter, amino acid, biological nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements, and is suitable for root fertilization of agricultural and forestry crops. The tobacco stems are directly used as the fertilizer, so that the beneficial microbial community of soil microorganisms can be improved, the rapid propagation of the beneficial microorganisms is promoted, the propagation of ralstonia solanacearum is inhibited, the soil is revived, and the nutrient absorption of the roots of crops is promoted; the physical structure of the soil is promoted, the soil pores are increased, and the development of root groups is promoted; the fertilizer and water retention capacity of the soil is improved, and the water and fertilizer loss is reduced; the alkaline substance is a natural pesticide for underground pests, can kill pathogenic bacteria such as ralstonia solanacearum and the like, and does not poison crops. The rapeseed meal contains a large amount of amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, can timely supply crops to absorb nutrients, improve and improve soil fertility, and can promote the transformation, absorption and utilization of original nutrients of soil. The ralstonia solanacearum is a typical aerobic bacterium, the anaerobic environment formed by irrigation and a coating can inhibit the generation of the ralstonia solanacearum, and soil microorganisms utilize a large amount of carbon sources decomposed by organic matters to generate a plurality of decomposition products which are toxic and harmful to pathogenic bacteria such as the ralstonia solanacearum and the like, and simultaneously change the microbial community structure of the rhizosphere of the soil and the like, thereby effectively preventing and controlling the bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
the method of the invention adopts the soil anaerobic disinfection method to carry out anaerobic disinfection treatment on the tobacco field soil, can effectively kill various pathogenic bacteria, improves and enhances the soil fertility and provides a good planting environment for flue-cured tobacco. The three organic materials of rice bran, tobacco stems and rape meal are used as agricultural byproducts, are easy to obtain and purchase and have low price; as a natural fertilizer, the fertilizer does not damage the natural environment, improves the water and fertilizer retention capacity of soil, inhibits and kills pathogenic bacteria such as ralstonia solanacearum and the like, creates a good rhizosphere microbial environment, and improves the yield and quality of crops. Meanwhile, the method has the advantages of convenient raw material source, simple operation, no pollution to soil environment and practical operability for popularization in tobacco growers.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The test methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the materials, reagents and the like used are, unless otherwise specified, commercially available reagents and materials.
Example 1
An anaerobic soil disinfection method for preventing and controlling bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco, wherein organic materials applied in the method are prepared according to the following mixture ratio:
preferably, the soil anaerobic disinfection method for preventing and controlling the bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco comprises the following raw materials: 4500kg hm rice bran-210500kg hm of tobacco stems-2750kg hm rape seed meal-2；
The soil anaerobic disinfection method for preventing and controlling the bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco specifically comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a tobacco field with serious bacterial wilt, and deeply ploughing soil by using a rotary cultivator and drying the soil in the sun 5-7 times before spreading the materials;
2) 4500kg hm of rice bran is applied to the tobacco field at one time-210500kg hm of tobacco stems-2750kg hm rape seed meal-2As a base fertilizer, the total carbon and the total nitrogen of rice bran are respectively 41.93 percent and 1.97 percent, the total carbon and the total nitrogen of tobacco stems are respectively 38.11 percent and 1.23 percent, the rape seed meal is 49.65 percent and 5.73 percent, and the water content of all organic materials is 20 percent.
3) Uniformly mixing the scattered organic materials in a plough layer of soil, leveling, crushing and ridging after uniformly mixing; ridging needs to be performed such that furrows are flat and straight, ridge bodies are full, and ridge surfaces are finely crushed;
4) watering after ridging to fully wet a soil layer of 20-30 cm, keeping for 5-7 days, when the water content of the soil reaches about 60%, hermetically covering the treated soil with a primary plastic film with the thickness of not less than 0.4mm, digging and pressing film ditches around, flatly spreading the edges and corners of the plastic film in the ditches, compacting by using soil to ensure that the air is not leaked, and sealing for 4 weeks, wherein the plastic film has no leakage point;
5) after anaerobic fermentation for 4 weeks, uncovering the film, airing for several days, and transplanting strong seedlings; before transplanting, pollutants such as mulching films and the like of tobacco fields need to be cleaned in time and transplanted in due time;
6) harvesting: according to the characteristics of growth vigor and maturity of tobacco leaves in the field, the tobacco leaves are harvested from bottom to top according to the positions, and the principle of 'more mature and more harvest, less mature and less harvest and less mature and no harvest' is mastered.
Example 2
An anaerobic soil disinfection method for preventing and controlling bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco, wherein organic materials applied in the method are prepared according to the following mixture ratio: 7500kg hm rice bran-2Tobacco stem 7500kg hm-2750kg hm rape seed meal-2。
1) Selecting a tobacco field with serious bacterial wilt, and deeply ploughing soil by using a rotary cultivator and drying the soil in the sun 5-7 times before spreading the materials;
2) applying 7500kg hm rice bran to tobacco field at one time-2Tobacco stem 7500kg hm-2750kg hm rape seed meal-2As a base fertilizer, the total carbon and the total nitrogen of rice bran are respectively 41.93 percent and 1.97 percent, the total carbon and the total nitrogen of tobacco stems are respectively 38.11 percent and 1.23 percent, the rape seed meal is 49.65 percent and 5.73 percent, and the water content of all organic materials is 20 percent.
3) Uniformly mixing the scattered organic materials in a plough layer of soil, leveling, crushing and ridging after uniformly mixing; ridging needs to be performed such that furrows are flat and straight, ridge bodies are full, and ridge surfaces are finely crushed;
4) watering after ridging to fully wet a soil layer of 20-30 cm, keeping for 5-7 days, when the water content of the soil reaches about 60%, hermetically covering the treated soil with a primary plastic film with the thickness of not less than 0.4mm, digging and pressing film ditches around, flatly spreading the edges and corners of the plastic film in the ditches, compacting by using soil to ensure that the air is not leaked, and sealing for 4 weeks, wherein the plastic film has no leakage point;
5) after anaerobic fermentation for 4 weeks, uncovering the film, airing for several days, and transplanting strong seedlings; before transplanting, pollutants such as mulching films and the like of tobacco fields need to be cleaned in time and transplanted in due time;
6) harvesting: according to the characteristics of growth vigor and maturity of tobacco leaves in the field, the tobacco leaves are harvested from bottom to top according to the positions, and the principle of 'more mature and more harvest, less mature and less harvest and less mature and no harvest' is mastered.
Example 3
An anaerobic soil disinfection method for preventing and controlling bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco, wherein organic materials applied in the method are prepared according to the following mixture ratio:
10500kg hm of rice bran-24500kg hm of tobacco stems-2750kg hm rape seed meal-2；
1) Selecting a tobacco field with serious bacterial wilt, and deeply ploughing soil by using a rotary cultivator and drying the soil in the sun 5-7 times before spreading the materials;
2) applying 10500kg hm of rice bran to tobacco field at one time-24500kg hm of tobacco stems-2750kg hm rape seed meal-2As a base fertilizer, the total carbon and the total nitrogen of rice bran are respectively 41.93 percent and 1.97 percent, the total carbon and the total nitrogen of tobacco stems are respectively 38.11 percent and 1.23 percent, the rape seed meal is 49.65 percent and 5.73 percent, and the water content of all organic materials is 20 percent.
3) Uniformly mixing the scattered organic materials in a plough layer of soil, leveling, crushing and ridging after uniformly mixing; ridging needs to be performed such that furrows are flat and straight, ridge bodies are full, and ridge surfaces are finely crushed;
4) watering after ridging to fully wet a soil layer of 20-30 cm, keeping for 5-7 days, when the water content of the soil reaches about 60%, hermetically covering the treated soil with a primary plastic film with the thickness of not less than 0.4mm, digging and pressing film ditches around, flatly spreading the edges and corners of the plastic film in the ditches, compacting by using soil to ensure that the air is not leaked, and sealing for 4 weeks, wherein the plastic film has no leakage point;
5) after anaerobic fermentation for 4 weeks, uncovering the film, airing for several days, and transplanting strong seedlings; before transplanting, pollutants such as mulching films and the like of tobacco fields need to be cleaned in time and transplanted in due time;
6) harvesting: according to the characteristics of growth vigor and maturity of tobacco leaves in the field, the tobacco leaves are harvested from bottom to top according to the positions, and the principle of 'more mature and more harvest, less mature and less harvest and less mature and no harvest' is mastered.
Example 4
After the tobacco field is ploughed and sunned, organic materials are scattered and applied as base fertilizers and are covered with films to carry out soil anaerobic disinfection treatment, transplanting and timely harvesting by the method in the embodiment 1, other cultivation measures are carried out according to production standards (flue-cured tobacco production technical regulations, DB 51/T1212 and 2011), the incidence rate and disease index of bacterial wilt disease are investigated 70 days after transplanting, 80 days after transplanting and 90 days after transplanting, and the economic characters and the middle-grade tobacco proportion of the roasted tobacco leaves are investigated at the same time, namely treatment 1. After the tobacco fields are ploughed and sunned, base fertilizer application and other cultivation measures are carried out according to production standards (flue-cured tobacco production technical regulations, DB 51/T1212-. The test is carried out in 2019, Mei county, Guangdong Mei city and Jing county, Guangxi xi province, and a field with serious bacterial wilt disease in all years is selected as a test field to test the variety Yunyan 87.
TABLE 1 onset of bacterial wilt in each treatment of Meizhou Meixian county
TABLE 2 disease of bacterial wilt in Guangxi Jingxi county
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the incidence rates of flue-cured tobacco in meizhou prefecture and guangxi prefecture 70 days after transplantation were 6% and 8.33% respectively, and the disease indexes were 2.33% and 3.44 respectively, compared with the control. After 80 days after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted, the incidence rates of the treatment 1 and the control in two places are respectively reduced by 17.00 percent and 18.67 percent, and the disease indexes are reduced by 9.00 percent. After 90 days after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted, the morbidity of two places is respectively reduced by 21.34 percent and 26.00 percent compared with the control, and the disease index is respectively reduced by 10.11 and 15.45. The method of example 1 can significantly reduce the incidence of the flue-cured tobacco bacterial wilt, reduce the disease index of the flue-cured tobacco bacterial wilt, effectively relieve the occurrence of the flue-cured tobacco bacterial wilt, and prevent the further deterioration of the incidence of the diseased plants.
TABLE 3 economic status of cured tobacco leaves treated differently in Meizhou Meixian county
| Treatment of | First-class smoke ratio (%) | Upper and middle smoke proportion (%) | Yield (kg hm-2) | Output value (Yuan hm-2) |
| Process 1 | 58.77±1.45 | 95.23±0.61 | 2333.01±27.21 | 57701.23±222.64 |
| Control | 55.21±0.71 | 92.23±0.71 | 2062.85±17.00 | 52547.24±317.68 |
TABLE 4 economic status of flue-cured tobacco leaves treated differently in Jingxi county of Guangxi
| Treatment of | First-class smoke ratio (%) | Upper and middle smoke proportion (%) | Yield (kg hm-2) | Output value (Yuan hm-2) |
| Process 1 | 57.33±0.30 | 95.34±0.31 | 2226.05±41.87 | 56068.37±335.07 |
| Control | 53.03±1.39 | 92.15±1.12 | 1959.89±15.95 | 49526.24±301.16 |
As can be seen from tables 3 and 4, the method of example 1 increased the middle-to-high smoke percentage by 3.00% and the yield by 270.16kg hm-2The yield is improved by 5153.99 yuan hm-2The middle-to-high grade smoke proportion of Guangxi Jingxi county is improved by 3.19, and the yield is improved by 266.16 kg hm-2The yield is improved by 6542.13 yuan hm-2The results show that the method of the embodiment 1 can obviously improve the medium-grade and high-grade tobacco proportion of the flue-cured tobacco leaves, improve the yield and the output value of the flue-cured tobacco and effectively improve the income of tobacco growers.
Example 5
After the tobacco field is ploughed and sunned, organic materials are scattered and applied as base fertilizers and are covered with films to carry out soil anaerobic disinfection treatment, transplanting and timely harvesting by the method in the embodiment 2, other cultivation measures are carried out according to production standards (flue-cured tobacco production technical regulations, DB 51/T1212 and 2011), the incidence rate and disease index of bacterial wilt disease are investigated 70 days after transplanting, 80 days after transplanting and 90 days after transplanting, and the economic characters and the middle-grade tobacco proportion of the roasted tobacco leaves are investigated at the same time, namely treatment 1. After the tobacco fields are ploughed and sunned, base fertilizer application and other cultivation measures are carried out according to production standards (flue-cured tobacco production technical regulations, DB 51/T1212-. The test is carried out in 2019, Mei county, Guangdong Mei city and Jing county, Guangxi xi province, and a field with serious bacterial wilt disease in all years is selected as a test field to test the variety Yunyan 87.
TABLE 5 onset of bacterial wilt in various treatments in Meizhou Meixian county
TABLE 6 onset of bacterial wilt in various treatments of Jingxi county, Guangxi
As can be seen from tables 5 and 6, the incidence rates of flue-cured tobacco in meizhou prefecture and guangxi prefecture 70 days after transplantation were 7.00% and 9.66% respectively, and the disease indexes were 3.11% and 4.89% respectively, as compared with those of the control fertilizer. After 80 days after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted, the morbidity of two places is respectively reduced by 16.67 percent and 19.67 percent compared with the control, and the disease index is respectively reduced by 5.34 and 9.66. After 90 days after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted, the morbidity of two places is respectively reduced by 20 percent and 27 percent compared with the control, and the disease index is respectively reduced by 10.55 percent and 15.89 percent. The method of example 2 can significantly reduce the incidence of the flue-cured tobacco bacterial wilt, reduce the disease index of the flue-cured tobacco bacterial wilt, effectively relieve the occurrence of the flue-cured tobacco bacterial wilt, and prevent the further deterioration of the incidence of the diseased plants.
TABLE 7 economic status of cured tobacco leaves treated differently in Meizhou Meixian county
| Treatment of | First-class smoke ratio (%) | Upper and middle smoke proportion (%) | Yield (kg. hm)-2) | Yield value (Yuan hm)-2) |
| Process 1 | 57.97±0.13 | 96.24±4.80 | 2368.16±66.47 | 59244.42±397.19 |
| Control | 55.21±0.71 | 92.23±0.71 | 2062.85±17.00 | 52547.24±317.68 |
TABLE 8 economic status of flue-cured tobacco leaves treated differently in Jingxi county of Guangxi
| Treatment of | First-class smoke ratio (%) | Upper and middle smoke proportion (%) | Yield (kg. hm)-2) | Yield value (Yuan hm)-2) |
| Process 1 | 57.44±1.76 | 96.54±1.98 | 2407.48±19.58 | 56776.64±267.19 |
| Control | 53.03±1.39 | 92.15±1.12 | 2059.89±15.95 | 49526.24±301.16 |
As is clear from tables 7 and 8, the method of example 2 increased the middle-to-high smoke percentage by 4.01% and the yield by 305.31kg hm-2The yield is improved by 6697.18 yuan hm-2The middle-grade and high-grade cigarette ratio of Guangxi Jingxi county is improved by 4.39 percent, and the yield is improved by 347.59 kg hm-2The yield is improved by 7250.40 yuan hm-2It is demonstrated that the biological bacterial manure of the example 2 can obviously improve the flue-cured tobaccoThe middle-to-high grade tobacco proportion of the leaves improves the yield and the output value of the flue-cured tobacco and effectively improves the income of tobacco growers.
Example 6
After the tobacco field is ploughed and sunned, organic materials are scattered and applied as base fertilizers and are covered with films to carry out soil anaerobic disinfection treatment, transplanting and timely harvesting by the method in the embodiment 3, other cultivation measures are carried out according to production standards (flue-cured tobacco production technical regulations, DB 51/T1212 and 2011), the incidence rate and disease index of bacterial wilt disease are investigated 70 days after transplanting, 80 days after transplanting and 90 days after transplanting, and the economic characters and the middle-grade tobacco proportion of the roasted tobacco leaves are investigated at the same time, namely treatment 1. After the tobacco fields are ploughed and sunned, base fertilizer application and other cultivation measures are carried out according to production standards (flue-cured tobacco production technical regulations, DB 51/T1212-. The test is carried out in 2019, Mei county, Guangdong Mei city and Jing county, Guangxi xi province, and a field with serious bacterial wilt disease in all years is selected as a test field to test the variety Yunyan 87.
TABLE 9 onset of bacterial wilt in each treatment of Meizhou Meixian county
TABLE 10 onset of bacterial wilt in various treatments of Jingxi county, Guangxi
From tables 9 and 10, it is understood that the disease incidence rates of Meizhou Mei county and Guangxi Jingxi county 70 days after flue-cured tobacco transplantation are both reduced by 9.33% and disease indexes are reduced by 3.45 and 4.33, respectively, compared with the control after the method of example 3 is used. After 80 days after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted, the incidence rates of the treatment 1 and the control in two places are respectively reduced by 18.67 percent and 21 percent, and the disease indexes are respectively reduced by 9.22 and 9.56. After 90 days after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted, the morbidity of two places is respectively reduced by 23.34 percent and 26 percent compared with the control, and the disease index is respectively reduced by 11.33 and 16.34. The method of example 1 can significantly reduce the incidence of the flue-cured tobacco bacterial wilt, reduce the disease index of the flue-cured tobacco bacterial wilt, effectively relieve the occurrence of the flue-cured tobacco bacterial wilt, and prevent the further deterioration of the incidence of the diseased plants.
TABLE 11 economic status of flue-cured tobacco leaves treated differently in Meizhou Meixian county
| Treatment of | First-class smoke ratio (%) | Upper and middle smoke proportion (%) | Yield (kg. hm)-2) | Yield value (Yuan hm)-2) |
| Process 1 | 58.16±0.79 | 96.69±1.62 | 2402.28±15.12 | 59663.09±370.65 |
| Control | 55.21±0.71 | 92.23±0.71 | 2062.85±17.00 | 52547.24±317.68 |
TABLE 12 economic status of flue-cured tobacco leaves treated differently in Jingxi county of Guangxi
| Treatment of | First-class smoke ratio (%) | Upper and middle smoke proportion (%) | Yield (kg. hm)-2) | Yield value (Yuan hm)-2) |
| Process 1 | 57.19±0.30 | 96.96±0.89 | 2382.09±16.41 | 58027.51±489.33 |
| Control | 53.03±1.39 | 92.15±1.12 | 1959.89±15.95 | 49526.24±301.16 |
As is clear from tables 11 and 12, the ratio of middle to high grade tobacco in Mei county, Mei Zhou was increased by the method of example 34.36 percent higher, and the yield is improved by 339.43 kg.hm-2The yield is improved by 7115.85 yuan hm-2The middle-grade and high-grade cigarette ratio of Guangxi Jingxi county is improved by 4.71 percent, and the yield is improved by 422.20kg hm-2The yield is improved by 7501.27 yuan hm-2The results show that the biological bacterial manure in the example 3 can obviously improve the medium-to-medium grade tobacco proportion of the flue-cured tobacco leaves, improve the yield and the output value of the flue-cured tobacco and effectively improve the income of tobacco growers.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An anaerobic soil disinfection method for preventing and controlling bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a tobacco field with serious bacterial wilt, and deeply ploughing soil by using a rotary cultivator and drying the soil in the sun 5-7 times before spreading the materials;
2) 4500.0-10500 kg hm is applied once-2Rice bran, 4500-10500 kg.hm-2750 kg.hm of cabo and rape meal-2As a base fertilizer, the total carbon and the total nitrogen of rice bran are respectively 41.93 percent and 1.97 percent, the total carbon and the total nitrogen of tobacco stems are respectively 38.11 percent and 1.23 percent, the rape seed meal is 49.65 percent and 5.73 percent, and the water content of all organic materials is 20 percent;
3) uniformly mixing the scattered organic materials in a plough layer of soil, leveling, crushing and ridging after uniformly mixing; ridging needs to be performed such that furrows are flat and straight, ridge bodies are full, and ridge surfaces are finely crushed;
4) after ridging, irrigating water to one third of the height of the ridge, keeping for 5-7 days, then hermetically covering the treated soil with a native plastic film with the thickness of not less than 0.4mm, digging and pressing film ditches on the periphery, flatly spreading the edges and corners of the plastic film in the ditches, compacting with soil to ensure no air leakage, and sealing for 4 weeks when the plastic film has no leakage points;
5) after anaerobic fermentation for 4 weeks, uncovering the film, airing for several days, and transplanting strong seedlings; before transplanting, pollutants such as mulching films and the like of tobacco fields need to be cleaned in time and transplanted in due time;
6) harvesting: according to the characteristics of growth vigor and maturity of tobacco leaves in the field, the tobacco leaves are harvested from bottom to top according to the positions, and the principle of 'more mature and more harvest, less mature and less harvest and less mature and no harvest' is mastered.
2. The method for anaerobic disinfection of soil for prevention and control of bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, wherein:
the organic materials applied by the soil anaerobic disinfection method comprise the following raw materials: the tobacco is characterized by comprising rice bran, tobacco stems and rape seed meal, wherein the total carbon and the total nitrogen of the rice bran are 41.93 percent and 1.97 percent respectively, the total carbon and the total nitrogen of the tobacco stems are 38.11 percent and 1.23 percent respectively, the rape seed meal is 49.65 percent and 5.73 percent respectively, and the water content of all organic materials is 20 percent.
3. The method for anaerobic disinfection of soil for prevention and control of bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, wherein:
the soil anaerobic disinfection method organic material mixture ratio for preventing and controlling the flue-cured tobacco bacterial wilt is as follows: 4500.0kg hm rice bran-210500.0 kg.hm cabo-2750kg hm rape seed meal-2。
4. The method for anaerobic disinfection of soil for prevention and control of bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, wherein:
the soil anaerobic disinfection method organic material mixture ratio for preventing and controlling the flue-cured tobacco bacterial wilt is as follows: 7500.0kg hm rice bran-27500.0 kg.hm cabo-2750kg hm rape seed meal-2。
5. The method for anaerobic disinfection of soil for prevention and control of bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, wherein:
the soil anaerobic disinfection method organic material mixture ratio for preventing and controlling the flue-cured tobacco bacterial wilt is as follows: 10500.0kg hm rice bran-24500.0 kg.hm cabo-2750kg hm rape seed meal-2。
6. The method for anaerobic disinfection of soil for prevention and control of bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, wherein:
irrigating water to one third of the ridge height after ridging of the tobacco field, covering the treated soil with a primary plastic film with the thickness of not less than 0.4mm in a sealing manner, keeping for 5-7 days, and covering with a film for anaerobic fermentation for 4 weeks.
7. The method for anaerobic disinfection of soil for prevention and control of bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, wherein:
after anaerobic fermentation for 4 weeks, uncovering the film, airing for several days, and transplanting strong seedlings.
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