CN112919994A - Mixed fertilizer for red pomelo trees and fertilizing method thereof - Google Patents
Mixed fertilizer for red pomelo trees and fertilizing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention provides a mixed fertilizer for red pomelo trees and a fertilizing method thereof, and relates to the field of fruit tree planting. A mixed fertilizer for red pomelo trees comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 20-40 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 35-50 parts of potash fertilizer, 30-45 parts of organic compost, 10-15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 5-10 parts of polyaspartic acid, 3-8 parts of humic acid and 3-8 parts of peat wax. The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: fermenting and mixing to obtain a mixed fertilizer; fertilizing for the first time in late ten months; fertilizing for the second time in the middle ten days of the month; fertilizing again in late 7 months; and (5) applying fertilizer last in last 12 months. The traditional Chinese medicine residues, the polyaspartic acid, the humic acid and the peat wax are added to promote the absorption of plants on organic compost and inorganic fertilizer, improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, and finally achieve the effects of increasing the yield and increasing the single quality of the red heart pomelos simultaneously by adopting two-light and two-weight fertilizing methods.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fruit tree planting, in particular to a mixed fertilizer for red pomelo trees and a fertilizing method thereof.
Background
The pomelo is also named as pomelo, incense Luan, valencene, purple and the like, has faint scent, sour, sweet and cool taste, rich nutrition and high medicinal value, is one of favorite fruits of people, and is also the most accepted fruit in medical science with the food therapy effect.
Red heart honey pomelo, Latin school name: red pomelo, also called Red-fleshed honey pomelo, Red heart pomelo, Red-fleshed pomelo, blood pomelo. The research institute of fruit trees, agricultural academy of sciences, Fujian province, found that fruit juice cells are red excellent variant single plants in Mixi Yan garden of Yan mountain You Mixi, county, town, county, in 1998, scions were picked from mother trees in 1999 to perform high grafting and replanting, and the test garden is established by grafting and cultivating L-generation seedlings of an infertile generation; 2001. in 2002, the current-year branches of young trees of the generation 1 and the generation 2 are respectively picked in autumn as scions, and seedlings of the generation 2 and the generation 3 are grafted and cultivated to be planted in the test garden of the generation 1. The red heart pomelo is famous for large fruit and thin peel, has no seeds and much juice, tastes sweet and has sour taste when eaten; the appearance is bright in color and is very attractive. The natural pigment contained in the carotenoid has a certain health-care effect on human bodies, most of trace elements such as flavonoid pigment have the function of vitamin p, and beta-carotene and lycopene in the carotenoid can also resist oxidation and help to remove free radicals in human bodies. Thereby having the effects of improving immunity and delaying senility. Patients with hypertension often use drugs to remove excess sodium from the body. Pomelos contain potassium, which is a natural mineral required by patients, but hardly contain sodium, so the pomelos are the best food therapy fruits for patients suffering from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and kidney diseases. Moreover, pectin contained in the red heart pomelo can reduce damage of an arterial wall, control the level of density lipoprotein, relieve gastrointestinal load after long-term eating of the red heart pomelo, and play an active role in preventing heart diseases. The teabag prepared from pericarpium Citri Grandis can not only sober up, but also help digestion and reduce gastrointestinal burden.
The demand of the red heart pomelo is increased year by year, but the yield and the head of the red heart pomelo in the prior art are not ideal, and a method capable of improving the yield of the red heart pomelo tree and increasing the head of the red heart pomelo is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mixed fertilizer for red pomelo trees, which has a reasonable formula and can improve the yield and the monomer quality of the red pomelo trees.
The invention also aims to provide a fertilizing method of the mixed fertilizer for the red pomelo trees, which is suitable for the growth and development of the red pomelo.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
In one aspect, the embodiment of the application provides a mixed fertilizer for red pomelo trees, which comprises the following raw materials: 40-50 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 20-40 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 35-50 parts of potash fertilizer, 30-45 parts of organic compost, 10-15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 5-10 parts of polyaspartic acid, 3-8 parts of humic acid and 3-8 parts of peat wax.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the application provides a fertilizing method for a mixed fertilizer of a red pomelo tree, which comprises the following steps:
mixing straw, ganoderma lucidum residue, shaddock peel, plant ash and papermaking black liquor, adding a mixed microbial inoculum of EM composite bacteria and Aspergillus niger, and fermenting to obtain organic compost; uniformly mixing the organic compost, a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer, traditional Chinese medicine residues, polyaspartic acid, humic acid and peat wax to obtain a mixed fertilizer;
2, fertilizing the red pomelo trees for the first time by using the mixed fertilizer in the last ten days of the month, wherein the fertilizer amount is 35-50 kg/mu; fertilizing for the second time in the middle ten days of the month 5, wherein the fertilizer amount is 15-25 kg/mu; fertilizing again in late 7 months with a fertilizer amount of 45-65 kg/mu; and (5) applying fertilizer for the last time in 12 last ten days of the month, wherein the fertilizer amount is 10-20 kg/mu.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:
on the basis of the mixed use of the organic compost and the inorganic fertilizer, the traditional Chinese medicine residues, the polyaspartic acid, the humic acid and the peat wax are added to promote the absorption of plants on the organic compost and the inorganic fertilizer, thereby improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer and simultaneously achieving the effects of increasing the yield and increasing the single quality of the red heart pomelos.
The invention adopts the following steps: and (2) the EM composite microbial inoculum and the Aspergillus niger ferment the mixed straw, the ganoderma lucidum residue, the shaddock peel, the plant ash and the papermaking black liquor, so that the fermentation time can be shortened, and the decomposition degree of the organic compost can be increased.
The fertilizing method adopts two fertilizing modes, namely a light fertilizer and a light fertilizer, and particularly a small amount of fertilizer is applied during flowering and winter; the fertilizer, namely the heavy fertilizer, is applied when the shoots and the small fruits grow and the fruits are strong, and is suitable for the growth and development of the red heart pomelos in each stage, so that the growth of the red heart pomelos is facilitated, and the effect of improving the yield is finally achieved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
A mixed fertilizer for red pomelo trees comprises the following raw materials: 40-50 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 20-40 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 35-50 parts of potash fertilizer, 30-45 parts of organic compost, 10-15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 5-10 parts of polyaspartic acid, 3-8 parts of humic acid and 3-8 parts of peat wax, so that the nitrogen content, the phosphorus pentoxide content and the potassium oxide content in the mixed fertilizer are respectively 20-25%, 6-10% and 16-22%. The polyaspartic acid is not a fertilizer, but can be used as a fertilizer synergist, and can enrich nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements to be supplied to plants, so that the plants can more effectively utilize the fertilizer, and the yield and the quality of crops are improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea or ammonium chloride.
In some embodiments of the invention, the phosphate fertilizer is one or more of monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, and calcium magnesium phosphate.
In some embodiments of the invention, the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride.
In some embodiments of the invention, the organic compost is a fertilizer prepared by fermenting straw, ganoderma lucidum residue, shaddock peel, papermaking black liquor and plant ash with EM composite bacteria and Aspergillus niger.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the ratio of the EM complex inoculant to aspergillus niger is 1: (2-3).
A fertilizing method of a mixed fertilizer for red pomelo trees comprises the following steps:
mixing straw, ganoderma lucidum residue, shaddock peel, plant ash and papermaking black liquor, adding a mixed microbial inoculum of EM composite bacteria and Aspergillus niger, and fermenting to obtain organic compost; uniformly mixing the organic compost, a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer, traditional Chinese medicine residues, polyaspartic acid, humic acid and peat wax to obtain a mixed fertilizer;
2, fertilizing the red pomelo trees for the first time by using the mixed fertilizer in the last ten days of the month, wherein the fertilizer amount is 35-50 kg/mu; fertilizing for the second time in the middle ten days of the month 5, wherein the fertilizer amount is 15-25 kg/mu; fertilizing again in late 7 months with a fertilizer amount of 45-65 kg/mu; and (5) applying fertilizer for the last time in 12 last ten days of the month, wherein the fertilizer amount is 10-20 kg/mu.
In some embodiments of the invention, the mass of the mixed microbial inoculum is 1.5-2% of the total mass of the straws, the ganoderma lucidum residues, the shaddock peel, the plant ash and the papermaking black liquor, the fermentation temperature is 40-45 ℃, and the fermentation time is 2-5 days.
In some embodiments of the invention, the first fertilization uses irrigation to fertilize the roots of the red pomelo tree.
In some embodiments of the invention, the second fertilization, and the last fertilization all direct fertilizer around the tree and plow into the soil.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
A mixed fertilizer for red pomelo trees comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 40 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 35 parts of potash fertilizer, 45 parts of organic compost, 10 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 5 parts of polyaspartic acid, 8 parts of humic acid and 8 parts of peat wax.
In this embodiment, the nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is a mixture of monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate, and the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
A fertilizing method of a mixed fertilizer for red pomelo trees comprises the following steps:
firstly, cutting straws and shaddock peel, then uniformly mixing the straws, lucid ganoderma residues, the shaddock peel, plant ash and papermaking black liquor, adding 2% by mass of a mixed microbial inoculum, heating to 40 ℃ for fermentation, and fermenting for 5 days to obtain organic compost, wherein the proportion of EM composite bacteria and Aspergillus niger in the mixed microbial inoculum is 1: 2;
cleaning the traditional Chinese medicine residues, drying, and uniformly mixing the organic compost with a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer, the traditional Chinese medicine residues, polyaspartic acid, humic acid and peat wax to obtain a mixed fertilizer;
before the red-heart pomelo trees grow tender buds in the last ten days of the month, crushing the fertilizer into fine powder, adding water, starting a fertilizer applying machine after the fertilizer is fully dissolved, pricking soil around the roots of the red-heart pomelo trees by a fertilizer applying gun, pressing the fertilizer liquid into the soil until the fertilizer liquid emerges from the soil surface, wherein the amount of the applied mixed fertilizer is 35 kg/mu;
fertilizing for the second time when the flowers of the red pomelos begin to wither in the middle ten days of the 5 th month, directly scattering fertilizer around the trunk of the red pomelo tree, and then ploughing into soil, wherein the ploughing depth is 10-15 cm, and the fertilizer amount is 20 kg/mu;
the fruit of the red pomelo in late 7 months is basically as big as a fist, at the moment, the fertilizer is applied again to strengthen the fruit, the fertilizer is directly scattered around the trunk of the red pomelo tree, then the red pomelo tree is ploughed into the soil, the ploughing depth is about 15cm, and the fertilizer amount is 65 kg/mu;
in the last 12 th month, the fruits of the red pomelo trees are picked, the fertilizer is overwintering fertilizer of the red pomelo trees, the fertilizer is directly scattered around the trunk of the red pomelo trees, and then the red pomelo trees are ploughed into the soil, the ploughing depth is about 15cm, and the fertilizer amount is 10 kg/mu.
Example 2
A mixed fertilizer for red pomelo trees comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 30 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 40 parts of potash fertilizer, 40 parts of organic compost, 12 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 8 parts of polyaspartic acid, 5 parts of humic acid and 5 parts of peat wax.
In this embodiment, the nitrogenous fertilizer is ammonium chloride, the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride.
A fertilizing method of a mixed fertilizer for red pomelo trees comprises the following steps:
firstly, cutting straws and shaddock peel, then uniformly mixing the straws, lucid ganoderma residues, the shaddock peel, plant ash and papermaking black liquor, adding 1.5% by mass of a mixed microbial inoculum, heating to 45 ℃ for fermentation, and fermenting for 2 days to obtain organic compost, wherein the proportion of EM composite bacteria and Aspergillus niger in the mixed microbial inoculum is 1: 3;
cleaning the traditional Chinese medicine residues, drying, and uniformly mixing the organic compost with a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer, the traditional Chinese medicine residues, polyaspartic acid, humic acid and peat wax to obtain a mixed fertilizer;
before the red-heart pomelo trees grow tender buds in the last ten days of the month, crushing the fertilizer into fine powder, adding water, starting a fertilizer applying machine after the fertilizer is fully dissolved, pricking soil around the roots of the red-heart pomelo trees by a fertilizer applying gun, pressing the fertilizer liquid into the soil until the fertilizer liquid emerges from the soil surface, and applying the mixed fertilizer with the amount of 50 kg/mu;
fertilizing for the second time when the flowers of the red pomelos begin to wither in the middle ten days of the 5 th month, directly scattering a fertilizer around the trunk of the red pomelo tree, and then ploughing into soil, wherein the ploughing depth is 10-15 cm, and the fertilizer amount is 15 kg/mu;
the fruit of the red pomelo in late 7 months is basically as big as a fist, at the moment, the fertilizer is applied again to strengthen the fruit, the fertilizer is directly scattered around the trunk of the red pomelo tree, then the red pomelo tree is ploughed into the soil, the ploughing depth is about 15cm, and the fertilizer amount is 45 kg/mu;
in the last 12 th month, the fruits of the red pomelo trees are picked, the fertilizer is overwintering fertilizer of the red pomelo trees, the fertilizer is directly scattered around the trunk of the red pomelo trees, and then the red pomelo trees are ploughed into the soil, the ploughing depth is about 15cm, and the fertilizer amount is 20 kg/mu.
Example 3
A mixed fertilizer for red pomelo trees comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 20 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 50 parts of potash fertilizer, 30 parts of organic compost, 15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 10 parts of polyaspartic acid, 3 parts of humic acid and 3 parts of peat wax.
In this embodiment, the nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is a mixture of monoammonium phosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate, and the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
A fertilizing method of a mixed fertilizer for red pomelo trees comprises the following steps:
firstly, cutting straws and shaddock peel, then uniformly mixing the straws, lucid ganoderma residues, the shaddock peel, plant ash and papermaking black liquor, adding 2% by mass of a mixed microbial inoculum, heating to 42 ℃ for fermentation, and fermenting for 3 days to obtain organic compost, wherein the proportion of EM composite bacteria and Aspergillus niger in the mixed microbial inoculum is 1: 2;
cleaning the traditional Chinese medicine residues, drying, and uniformly mixing the organic compost with a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer, the traditional Chinese medicine residues, polyaspartic acid, humic acid and peat wax to obtain a mixed fertilizer;
before the red-heart pomelo trees grow tender buds in the last ten days of the month, crushing the fertilizer into fine powder, adding water, starting a fertilizer applying machine after the fertilizer is fully dissolved, pricking soil around the roots of the red-heart pomelo trees by a fertilizer applying gun, pressing the fertilizer liquid into the soil until the fertilizer liquid emerges from the soil surface, wherein the amount of the applied mixed fertilizer is 40 kg/mu;
fertilizing for the second time when the flowers of the red pomelos begin to wither in the middle ten days of the 5 th month, directly scattering fertilizer around the trunk of the red pomelo tree, and then ploughing into soil, wherein the ploughing depth is 10-15 cm, and the fertilizer amount is 25 kg/mu;
the fruit of the red pomelo in late 7 months is basically as big as a fist, at the moment, the fertilizer is applied again to strengthen the fruit, the fertilizer is directly scattered around the trunk of the red pomelo tree, then the red pomelo tree is ploughed into the soil, the ploughing depth is about 15cm, and the fertilizer amount is 50 kg/mu;
in the last 12 th month, the fruits of the red pomelo trees are picked, the fertilizer is overwintering fertilizer of the red pomelo trees, the fertilizer is directly scattered around the trunk of the red pomelo trees, and then the red pomelo trees are ploughed into the soil, the ploughing depth is about 15cm, and the fertilizer amount is 15 kg/mu.
Example 4
A mixed fertilizer for red pomelo trees comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 48 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 32 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 42 parts of potash fertilizer, 43 parts of organic compost, 12 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 7 parts of polyaspartic acid, 7 parts of humic acid and 4 parts of peat wax.
In this example, the nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, the phosphatic fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, and the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
A fertilizing method of a mixed fertilizer for red pomelo trees comprises the following steps:
firstly, cutting straws and shaddock peel, then uniformly mixing the straws, lucid ganoderma residues, the shaddock peel, plant ash and papermaking black liquor, adding 1.5% by mass of a mixed microbial inoculum, heating to 43 ℃ for fermentation, and fermenting for 4 days to obtain organic compost, wherein the proportion of EM composite bacteria and Aspergillus niger in the mixed microbial inoculum is 1: 3;
cleaning the traditional Chinese medicine residues, drying, and uniformly mixing the organic compost with a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer, the traditional Chinese medicine residues, polyaspartic acid, humic acid and peat wax to obtain a mixed fertilizer;
before the red-heart pomelo trees grow tender buds in the last ten days of the month, crushing the fertilizer into fine powder, adding water, starting a fertilizer applying machine after the fertilizer is fully dissolved, pricking soil around the roots of the red-heart pomelo trees by a fertilizer applying gun, pressing the fertilizer liquid into the soil until the fertilizer liquid emerges from the soil surface, wherein the amount of the applied mixed fertilizer is 45 kg/mu;
fertilizing for the second time when the flowers of the red pomelos begin to wither in the middle ten days of the 5 th month, directly scattering fertilizer around the trunk of the red pomelo tree, and then ploughing into soil, wherein the ploughing depth is 10-15 cm, and the fertilizer amount is 18 kg/mu;
the fruit of the red pomelo in late 7 months is basically as big as a fist, at the moment, the fertilizer is applied again to strengthen the fruit, the fertilizer is directly scattered around the trunk of the red pomelo tree, then the red pomelo tree is ploughed into the soil, the ploughing depth is about 15cm, and the fertilizer amount is 55 kg/mu;
in the last 12 th month, the fruits of the red pomelo trees are picked, the fertilizer is overwintering fertilizer of the red pomelo trees, the fertilizer is directly scattered around the trunk of the red pomelo trees, and then the red pomelo trees are ploughed into the soil, the ploughing depth is about 15cm, and the fertilizer amount is 18 kg/mu.
Example 5
This example explores the effect of different fertilization methods on the yield and quality of red heart pomelo.
Two control groups are arranged in the embodiment, the fertilizer composition in the control group 1 is the same as that in the embodiment 2, the only difference is that the fertilizer is applied 4 times a year in the control group 1, the fertilizing amount of each time is the same, and is 32.5 kg/mu (the total fertilizing amount is the same as that in the embodiment 2), and the fertilizing time is the same as that in the embodiment 2.
The fertilizer composition in the control group 2 is the same as that in the example 2, the only difference is that 2 times of fertilizer application are carried out in one year in the control group 2, the fertilizer application amount of each time is the same and is 65 kg/mu (the total fertilizer application amount is the same as that in the example 2), the fruit stabilization is carried out when the red-heart pomelo trees blossom in the middle ten days of 4 months and the fruit strengthening is carried out when the red-heart pomelo fruits in the upper ten days of 7 months respectively, and the fertilizer application method in the control group 2 is the most common fertilizer application method in the prior art.
Meanwhile, a blank group is also arranged in the embodiment, and no fertilizer is applied to the blank group. The experiments of the red pomelos in the embodiments 1-4, the control groups 1-2 and the blank group are carried out in different districts in the same region at the same time, the spacing distances of the red pomelo trees are the same, and other environmental conditions are the same. The average quality data for the yield of the finally harvested red heart pomelo is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of different fertilization methods on the yield and quality of Red Heart pomelos
| Experimental group | Yield (kg/mu) | Yield increase (%) | Average mass (kg) | Weight gain (%) |
| Example 1 | 1532.67 | 56.03 | 2.9 | 81.25 |
| Example 2 | 1788.22 | 82.04 | 3.1 | 93.75 |
| Example 3 | 1649.38 | 67.91 | 2.8 | 75 |
| Example 4 | 1583.53 | 61.2 | 2.9 | 81.25 |
| Control group 1 | 1335.76 | 35.98 | 2.4 | 50 |
| Control group 2 | 1296.37 | 31.97 | 2.6 | 62.5 |
| Blank group | 982.31 | - | 1.6 | - |
As can be seen from table 1, compared with the non-fertilized blank group, the yield and quality of the red heart pomelos in the control group 1 and the control group 2 are greatly improved, which indicates that the fertilizer of the present invention has a great effect on the red heart pomelos, while the yield in the control group 1 is slightly higher than that in the control group 2, but the quality of each red heart pomelo is lower than that in the control group 1, which indicates that the effect of increasing the fertilizer amount to perform fruit strengthening fertilization when the red heart pomelos bear small fruits is great on the quality of the final red heart pomelos.
The yield and the quality of the red heart pomelo in the examples 1-4 are higher than those of the control group 1 and the control group 2, which proves that the fertilizing method of the invention has good effect by using two aspects of light and heavy (small fertilizer application is carried out during flowering and overwintering, namely light fertilizer application, and fertilizer application is increased when tender buds and small fruits are strong, namely heavy fertilizer application), and particularly, the yield and the quality of the red heart pomelo in the example 2 are greatly improved compared with those of the control group.
Example 6
This example explores the effect of different fertilizers on the yield and quality of red heart pomelo.
In this example, three control groups were set, and in control group 1, only organic compost, Chinese herb residues and fertilizer promoters (polyaspartic acid, humic acid and peat wax) were used for fertilization, and the raw materials and fermentation processes of the organic compost were the same as those of the organic compost of example 2, and the fertilization time and fertilization amount were the same as those of example 2.
The control group 2 was fertilized with only inorganic fertilizers (nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer), Chinese medicine residues and fertilizer accelerators (polyaspartic acid, humic acid and peat wax), and the specific types of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were the same as in example 2, and the fertilization time and fertilization amount were the same as in example 2.
The comparison group 3 uses inorganic fertilizers (nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer) and organic fertilizers, and the only difference from the example 2 is that the fertilizer of the comparison group does not contain traditional Chinese medicine residue, polyaspartic acid, humic acid and peat wax.
Control 4 was different from control 3 in that polyaspartic acid was added to the control.
Meanwhile, a blank group is also arranged in the embodiment, and no fertilizer is applied to the blank group. The red pomelo experiments in the examples 1 to 4, the control groups 1 to 4 and the blank group are carried out in different districts in the same area at the same time, the spacing distances of red pomelo trees are the same, and other environmental conditions are the same. The average quality data for the yield of the finally harvested red heart pomelos are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Effect of different fertilizers on Red Heart shaddock yield and quality
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the blank group, the yield and the monomer quality of red heart pomelo are greatly improved by adding the herb residue, the polyaspartic acid, the humic acid and the peat wax in the examples 1 to 4 based on the mixed use of the organic compost and the inorganic fertilizer, wherein the total yield and the monomer quality are optimal in the example 2. The yield and quality of the red heart pomelo planted by only adopting the inorganic fertilizer (the control group 2) or the organic compost (the control group 1) are improved, but the fertilization mode (the control group 3) combining the organic compost and the inorganic fertilizer does not achieve the effect of larger difference in imagination, but is almost the same as the yield in the control group 2, so that the yield and quality can not form better advantages on the basis of singly using the organic compost or the inorganic fertilizer if the traditional Chinese medicine residues, the polyaspartic acid, the humic acid and the peat wax are not added and only the organic compost and the inorganic fertilizer are mixed for use; the polyaspartic acid is added into the control group 4 on the basis of the control group 3, so that the yield and the average quality of the red heart pomelos are greatly increased, and even the effect is close to that of the embodiment 1, which shows that the polyaspartic acid has a great promotion effect on the yield and the quality of the red heart pomelos, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption of plants are increased, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved.
Example 7
This example explores the effect of different ferments on the fermentation of organic compost.
The invention sets 7 experimental groups, wherein the experimental group 1 is only added with EM composite microbial inoculum, the experimental group 2 is only added with Aspergillus niger, and the proportion of the EM composite microbial inoculum to the Aspergillus niger in the experimental group 3 is 2: 1, the proportion of the EM composite microbial inoculum to the Aspergillus niger in the experimental group 4 is 1: 1, the proportion of the EM composite microbial inoculum to the Aspergillus niger in the experimental group 5 is 1: 2, the proportion of the EM composite microbial inoculum to the Aspergillus niger in the experimental group 6 is 1: 3, the proportion of the EM composite microbial inoculum to the Aspergillus niger in the experimental group 7 is 1: and 4, simultaneously setting a blank group, wherein the blank group is not added with the zymophyte, and the rest fermentation conditions (fermentation temperature, fermentation raw materials, zymophyte quality and the like) of the control group and the blank group are the same. The fermentation conditions are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 fermentation status of each experimental group in this example
As can be seen from table 3, compared with the blank group, the fermentation time is significantly shortened in the experimental groups 1 to 7, wherein the fermentation temperature is reached after only 42 hours in the experimental group 1, which indicates that the EM complex microbial inoculum has the advantage of rapid fermentation in the raw materials of the present invention, and after the EM complex microbial inoculum starts to ferment, the temperature of the whole fermentation pile is rapidly increased, and then reaches the fermentation temperature of aspergillus niger, and the two types of microbial inoculum are fermented together, compared with the experimental group 1 and the experimental group 2, the fermentation start in the experimental group 2 is slow, but the final fermentation is completed first, which indicates that the aspergillus niger has the advantage of high fermentation efficiency. From the content sum and the bacterial count of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fermented compost, the contents of the experimental group 5 and the experimental group 6 are higher than those of the rest experimental groups, which shows that when the proportion of the EM composite microbial inoculum to the Aspergillus niger is 1: (2-3) is the best mixture ratio. In addition, in the treated organic composts, the ash and white hyphae were the most abundant in the experimental group 2, the experimental group 5 and the experimental group 6, and the degree of decomposition was the best.
In summary, according to the fertilizer for red heart pomelos and the fertilizing method thereof provided by the embodiment of the invention, the traditional Chinese medicine residues, the polyaspartic acid, the humic acid and the peat wax are added on the basis of the mixed use of the organic compost and the inorganic fertilizer, so that the absorption of plants on the organic compost and the inorganic fertilizer is promoted, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and the effects of increasing the yield and increasing the single quality of the red heart pomelos are achieved at the same time.
The fertilizing method adopts two fertilizing modes, namely a light fertilizer and a light fertilizer, and particularly a small amount of fertilizer is applied during flowering and winter; the fertilizer, namely the heavy fertilizer, is applied when the shoots and the small fruits grow and the fruits are strong, and is suitable for the growth and development of the red heart pomelos in each stage, so that the growth of the red heart pomelos is facilitated, and the effect of improving the yield is finally achieved.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The mixed fertilizer for the red pomelo trees is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 20-40 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 35-50 parts of potash fertilizer, 30-45 parts of organic compost, 10-15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 5-10 parts of polyaspartic acid, 3-8 parts of humic acid and 3-8 parts of peat wax.
2. The mixed fertilizer for the red pomelo tree according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is urea or ammonium chloride.
3. The mixed fertilizer for the red pomelo tree according to claim 1, wherein the phosphate fertilizer is one or more of monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate.
4. The mixed fertilizer for red pomelo trees according to claim 1, wherein the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride.
5. The mixed fertilizer for the red pomelo tree according to claim 1, wherein the organic compost is a fertilizer prepared by fermenting straw, ganoderma lucidum residue, pomelo peel, papermaking black liquor and plant ash with EM complex bacteria and Aspergillus niger.
6. The mixed fertilizer for the red pomelo tree according to claim 5, wherein the ratio of the EM complex microbial agent to the Aspergillus niger is 1: (2-3).
7. A method for fertilizing a mixed fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
mixing straw, ganoderma lucidum residue, shaddock peel, plant ash and papermaking black liquor, adding a mixed microbial inoculum of EM composite bacteria and Aspergillus niger, and fermenting to obtain organic compost; uniformly mixing the organic compost, a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer, traditional Chinese medicine residues, polyaspartic acid, humic acid and peat wax to obtain a mixed fertilizer;
2, fertilizing the red pomelo trees for the first time by using the mixed fertilizer in the last ten days of the month, wherein the fertilizer amount is 35-50 kg/mu; fertilizing for the second time in the middle ten days of the month 5, wherein the fertilizer amount is 15-25 kg/mu; fertilizing again in late 7 months with a fertilizer amount of 45-65 kg/mu; and (5) applying fertilizer for the last time in 12 last ten days of the month, wherein the fertilizer amount is 10-20 kg/mu.
8. The fertilizing method of the mixed fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the mass of the mixed microbial inoculum is 1.5-2% of the total mass of the straw, the ganoderma lucidum residue, the shaddock peel, the plant ash and the papermaking black liquor, the fermentation temperature is 40-45 ℃, and the fermentation time is 2-5 days.
9. The method for fertilizing the mixed fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the first fertilization adopts irrigation type fertilization to the root of the red pomelo tree.
10. The method for fertilizing a mixed fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the second fertilization, the second fertilization and the last fertilization are all conducted by directly spreading the fertilizer around the tree and turning the fertilizer into the soil.
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Application publication date: 20210608 |